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Pham ND, Tran TM, Anderson D, Che QT, Pham HTK. Baseline micronucleus frequencies and 60Co cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay dose-response curve for biodosimetry in Vietnam. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:221-228. [PMID: 37807769 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to establish baseline micronucleus (MN) frequencies from various populations of residents in Vietnam and develop a 60Co dose-response curve for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Blood samples were exposed in vitro to a 60Co source at a dose rate of 275 mGy per min in a range of 0.1 to 4.0 Gy. MN background frequencies were 4.5 ± 3.2, 7.3 ± 4.6, 7.0 ± 3.8 and 13.1 ± 6.7 in 1000 binucleated (BN) cells for 96 healthy donors, 22 male radiation workers and 12 breast cancer patients, respectively. Blood samples from three healthy donors were used to generate the MN dose-response curve: y = C + (0.0496 ± 0.0069)D + (0.0143 ± 0.0026)D2. This curve was verified through an inter-laboratory comparison (RENEB ILC 2021). Our findings highlight the significance of the CBMN assay as an additional essential tool for biodosimetry in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Duy Pham
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Mai Tran
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
| | - Donovan Anderson
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Quang Tuan Che
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
| | - Ho Thuat Khoa Pham
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
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2
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Johnson M, Finlayson K, Shelper T, van de Merwe JP, Leusch FDL. Optimisation of an automated high-throughput micronucleus (HiTMiN) assay to measure genotoxicity of environmental contaminants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134349. [PMID: 35306058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic contaminants can have a variety of adverse effects on exposed organisms, including genotoxicity in the form of DNA damage. One of the most commonly used methods to evaluate genotoxicity in exposed organisms is the micronucleus (MN) assay. It provides an efficient assessment of chromosomal impairment due to either chromosomal rupture or mis-segregation during mitosis. However, evaluating chromosomal damage in the MN assay through manual microscopy is a highly time-consuming and somewhat subjective process. High-throughput evaluation with automated image analysis could reduce subjectivity and increase accuracy and throughput. In this study, we optimised and streamlined the HiTMiN assay, adapting the MN assay to a miniaturised, 96-well plate format with reduced steps, and applied it to both primary cells from green turtle fibroblasts (GT12s-p) and a freshwater fish hepatoma cell line (PLHC-1). Image analysis using both commercial (Columbus) and freely available (CellProfiler) software automated the scoring of MN, with improved precision and drastically reduced time compared to manual scoring and other available protocols. The assay was validated through exposure to two inorganic (chromium and cobalt) and one organic (the herbicide metolachlor) compounds, which are genotoxicants of concern in the marine environment. All compounds tested induced MN formation below cytotoxic concentrations. The HiTMiN assay presented here greatly increases the suitability of the MN assay as a quick, affordable, sensitive and accurate assay to measure genotoxicity of environmental samples in different cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Johnson
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia.
| | - Kimberly Finlayson
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - Todd Shelper
- Menzies Institute of Health Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
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3
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Shen X, Chen Y, Li C, Yang F, Wen Z, Zheng J, Zhou Z. Rapid and automatic detection of micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes image. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3913. [PMID: 35273270 PMCID: PMC8913785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a widely used radiation biological dose estimation method. However, the subjectivity and the time-consuming nature of manual detection limits CBMN for rapid standard assay. The CBMN analysis is combined with a convolutional neural network to create a software for rapid standard automated detection of micronuclei in Giemsa stained binucleated lymphocytes images in this study. Cell acquisition, adhesive cell mass segmentation, cell type identification, and micronucleus counting are the four steps of the software's analysis workflow. Even when the cytoplasm is hazy, several micronuclei are joined to each other, or micronuclei are attached to the nucleus, this algorithm can swiftly and efficiently detect binucleated cells and micronuclei in a verification of 2000 images. In a test of 20 slides, the software reached a detection rate of 99.4% of manual detection in terms of binucleated cells, with a false positive rate of 14.7%. In terms of micronuclei detection, the software reached a detection rate of 115.1% of manual detection, with a 26.2% false positive rate. Each image analysis takes roughly 0.3 s, which is an order of magnitude faster than manual detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Chaowen Li
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Fucheng Yang
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Zhanbo Wen
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Jinlin Zheng
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Zhenggan Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Avlasevich S, Pellegrin T, Godse M, Bryce S, Bemis J, Bajorski P, Dertinger S. Biomarkers of DNA damage response improve in vitro micronucleus assays by revealing genotoxic mode of action and reducing the occurrence of irrelevant positive results. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:407-418. [PMID: 34718711 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described two flow cytometry-based in vitro genotoxicity tests: micronucleus (MN) scoring (MicroFlow®) and a multiplexed DNA damage response biomarker assay (MultiFlow®). Here, we describe a strategy for combining the assays in order to efficiently supplement MN analyses with a panel of biomarkers that comment on cytotoxicity (i.e. relative nuclei count, relative increased nuclei count, cleaved PARP-positive chromatin and ethidium monoazide-positive chromatin) and genotoxic mode of action (MoA; i.e. γH2AX, phospho-histone H3, p53 activation and polyploidy). For these experiments, human TK6 cells were exposed to each of 32 well-studied reference chemicals in 96-well plates for 24 continuous hours. The test chemicals were evaluated over a range of concentrations in the presence and absence of a rat liver S9-based metabolic activation system. MultiFlow assay data were acquired at 4 and 24 h, and micronuclei were scored at 24 h. Testing 32 chemicals in two metabolic activation arms translated into 64 a priori calls: 42 genotoxicants and 22 non-genotoxicants. The MN assay showed high sensitivity and moderate specificity (90% and 68%, respectively). When a genotoxic call required significant MN and MultiFlow responses, specificity increased to 95% without adversely affecting sensitivity. The dose-response data were analysed with PROAST Benchmark Dose (BMD) software in order to calculate potency metrics for each endpoint, and ToxPi software was used to synthesise the resulting lower and upper bound 90% confidence intervals into visual profiles. The BMD/ToxPi combination was found to represent a powerful strategy for synthesising multiple BMD confidence intervals, as the software output provided MoA information as well as insights into genotoxic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina Pellegrin
- Litron Laboratories, 3500 Winton Place, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Manali Godse
- Department of Mathematics, Rochester Institute of Technology, 1 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Steven Bryce
- Litron Laboratories, 3500 Winton Place, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bemis
- Litron Laboratories, 3500 Winton Place, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Peter Bajorski
- Department of Mathematics, Rochester Institute of Technology, 1 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
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Hülber T, Kocsis ZS, Németh J, Kis E, d'Errico F, Sáfrány G, Pesznyák C. Influence of sample preparation optimization on the accuracy of dose assessment of an automatic non-fluorescent MN scoring system. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1470-1484. [PMID: 34346832 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1962573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Automatizing the scoring of the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay spares a lot of valuable time. The dose-effect relationship can be applied reliably for dose estimation if the quality of the slides is the same from the perspective of the used image processing algorithm. This aspect brings in additional requirements against the quality of the slides compared to the conventional visual scoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS An add-in software was created to the non-fluorescent RS-MN automatic MN scoring system which is capable of measuring quantitatively the degree of typical anomalies. The image processing is less reliable when the presence of these anomalies is more frequent. The behavior of the designed sample quality parameters (SQPs) was tested on in vitro irradiated peripheral blood samples (0, 1, and 2 Gy) obtained from a healthy donor and also on samples from patients undergoing low dose-rate brachytherapy. RESULTS We examined 20 different SQPs and identified two that are independent and correlate significantly with the error of the fully automatic MN frequency. One is related to the size of the cells and the other reflects the homogeneity of the environment. An equation was established which presents a connection between the error of the auto MN frequency and the SQPs. By adding a fourth cleaning step to the conventional sample preparation and changing the pre-dripping temperature of the slide, the SQP can be modified, and consequently, the sample quality can be improved. The gain in accuracy is 54 ± 10 MN per 1000 binucleated cells, which corresponds to the effects of 0.5 Gy. Around the lowest limit of detection (<0.5 Gy), it means a 50-100% drop in the error of dose, which is significant. With sample quality harmonization, the positive predictive value was raised to 80-93% depending on the dose. CONCLUSIONS With the technique described in this paper, the suitability for automated scoring of a micronucleus slide can be tested quantitatively and objectively. A method is presented with which in some cases the uncertainty of the assessed doses due to variance in sample quality can be decreased or if it is not possible its bias can be predicted. The proposed protocol leads to more reliable estimation of dose. The SQPs are designed in a way that they have the potential to be adapted to similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Hülber
- Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Radosys Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa S Kocsis
- Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics, Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Enikõ Kis
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesco d'Errico
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Pesznyák
- Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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Brendt J, Lackmann C, Heger S, Velki M, Crawford SE, Xiao H, Thalmann B, Schiwy A, Hollert H. Using a high-throughput method in the micronucleus assay to compare animal-free with rat-derived S9. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:142269. [PMID: 33182016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a high-throughput (HTP) micronucleus assay in multi-well plates with an automated evaluation for risk assessment applications. The evaluation of genotoxicity via the micronucleus assays according to international guidelines ISO 21427-2 with Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) V79 cells was the starting point to develop our methodology. A drawback of this assay is that it is very time consuming and cost intensive. Our HTP micronucleus assay in a 48-well plate format allows for the simultaneous assessment of five different sample-concentrations with additional positive, negative and solvent controls with six technical replicates each within a quarter of the time required for the equivalent evaluation using the traditional slide method. In accordance with the 3R principle, animal compounds should be replaced with animal-free alternatives. However, traditional cell culture-based methods still require animal derived compounds like rat-liver derived S9-fraction, which is used to simulate the mammalian metabolism in in vitro assays that do show intrinsic metabolization capabilities. In the present study, a recently developed animal-free biotechnological alternative (ewoS9R) was investigated in the new high-throughput micronucleus assay. In total, 12 different mutagenic or genotoxic chemicals were investigated to assess the potential use of the animal-free metabolization system (ewoS9R) in comparison to a common rat-derived product. Out of the 12 compounds, one compound did not induce micronuclei in any treatment and 2 substances showed a genotoxic potential without the need for a metabolization system. EwoS9R demonstrated promising potential for future applications as it shows comparable results to the rat-derived S9 for 6 of the 9 pro-genotoxic substances tested. The remaining 3 substances (2-Acetamidofluorene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Cyclophosphamide) were only metabolized by rat-derived S9. A potential explanation is that ewoS9R was investigated with an approx. 10-fold lower enzyme concentration and was only optimized for CYP1A metabolization that may be improved with a modified production procedure. Future applications of ewoS9R go beyond the micronucleus assay, but further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brendt
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Lackmann
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heger
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirna Velki
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sarah E Crawford
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Beat Thalmann
- EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstrasse 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany
| | - Andreas Schiwy
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstrasse 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstrasse 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany.
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Pujol-Canadell M, Perrier JR, Cunha L, Shuryak I, Harken A, Garty G, Brenner DJ. Cytogenetically-based biodosimetry after high doses of radiation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228350. [PMID: 32320391 PMCID: PMC7176141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dosimetry is an important tool for triage and treatment planning following any radiation exposure accident, and biological dosimetry, which estimates exposure dose using a biological parameter, is a practical means of determining the specific dose an individual receives. The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN) is an established biodosimetric tool to measure chromosomal damage in mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes. The CBMN method is especially valuable for biodosimetry in triage situations thanks to simplicity in scoring and adaptability to high-throughput automated sample processing systems. While this technique produces dose-response data which fit very well to a linear-quadratic model for exposures to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation and for doses up for 5 Gy, limitations to the accuracy of this method arise at larger doses. Accuracy at higher doses is limited by the number of cells reaching mitosis. Whereas it would be expected that the yield of micronuclei increases with the dose, in many experiments it has been shown to actually decrease when normalized over the total number of cells. This variation from a monotonically increasing dose response poses a limitation for retrospective dose reconstruction. In this study we modified the standard CBMN assay to increase its accuracy following exposures to higher doses of photons or a mixed neutron-photon beam. The assay is modified either through inhibitions of the G2/M and spindle checkpoints with the addition of caffeine and/or ZM447439 (an Aurora kinase inhibitor), respectively to the blood cultures at select times during the assay. Our results showed that caffeine addition improved assay performance for photon up to 10 Gy. This was achieved by extending the assay time from the typical 70 h to just 74 h. Compared to micronuclei yields without inhibitors, addition of caffeine and ZM447439 resulted in improved accuracy in the detection of micronuclei yields up to 10 Gy from photons and 4 Gy of mixed neutrons-photons. When the dose-effect curves were fitted to take into account the turnover phenomenon observed at higher doses, best fitting was achieved when the combination of both inhibitors was used. These techniques permit reliable dose reconstruction after high doses of radiation with a method that can be adapted to high-throughput automated sample processing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pujol-Canadell
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jay R. Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lidia Cunha
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrew Harken
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Irvington, NY, United States of America
| | - Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Irvington, NY, United States of America
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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Hülber T, Kocsis ZS, Kis E, Sáfrány G, Pesznyák C. A scanning and image processing system with integrated design for automated micronucleus scoring. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:628-641. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1722863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Hülber
- Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Radosys Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa S. Kocsis
- Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics, Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kis
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Pesznyák
- Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Hopf NB, Danuser B, Bolognesi C, Wild P. Age related micronuclei frequency ranges in buccal and nasal cells in a healthy population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108824. [PMID: 31634720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronuclei (MNs) are extranuclear DNA-containing bodies and determining MN frequencies is a measure of genomic instability. An age-related increase in MN frequencies in lymphocytes has been quantified, but this effect has not yet been measured in nasal and buccal cells. METHODS We determined the effect of age on the MN frequency distributions in buccal and nasal cells among a sample of a general adult population in Switzerland. To maximize the power to detect an effect of age in our population study, we recruited preferentially younger and older working age adults. We harvested buccal and nasal cells from 32 young (19-36 year) and 33 working age (47-71 years) participants. The collected cells were washed, centrifuged, and stained (Feulgen) before microscopic manual counting in 2000 cells. Based on these results, we developed an age-dependent background MN frequency chart to help interpret an individual's MN frequency score as an early signal for the effect of genotoxic exposure. RESULTS MN frequencies were respectively 0.53‰ and 0.47‰ for buccal and nasal among the younger and 0.87‰ and 1.03‰ in the older working age group. This corresponded to a multiplicative slope of 14% and 20% per 10 years of age for buccal and nasal cells, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on our study results, we are able to propose an approach for interpreting an individual's MN screening results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Formerly IST, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Brigitta Danuser
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Formerly IST, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Pascal Wild
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Formerly IST, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; INRS, French Institute for Research and Safety, Vandoeuvre, France.
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10
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Taraboletti A, Goudarzi M, Kabir A, Moon BH, Laiakis EC, Lacombe J, Ake P, Shoishiro S, Brenner D, Fornace AJ, Zenhausern F. Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction-A Metabolomic Preprocessing Approach for Ionizing Radiation Exposure Assessment. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3020-3031. [PMID: 31090424 PMCID: PMC7437658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The modern application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to the field of radiation assessment and biodosimetry has allowed for the development of prompt biomarker screenings for radiation exposure. Our previous work on radiation assessment, in easily accessible biofluids (such as urine, blood, saliva), has revealed unique metabolic perturbations in response to radiation quality, dose, and dose rate. Nevertheless, the employment of swift injury assessment in the case of a radiological disaster still remains a challenge as current sample processing can be time consuming and cause sample degradation. To address these concerns, we report a metabolomics workflow using a mass spectrometry-compatible fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) technique. FPSE employs a matrix coated with sol-gel poly(caprolactone-b-dimethylsiloxane-b-caprolactone) that binds both polar and nonpolar metabolites in whole blood, eliminating serum processing steps. We confirm that the FPSE preparation technique combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry can distinguish radiation exposure markers such as taurine, carnitine, arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid, and oleic acid found 24 h after 8 Gy irradiation. We also note the effect of different membrane fibers on both metabolite extraction efficiency and the temporal stabilization of metabolites in whole blood at room temperature. These findings suggest that the FPSE approach could work in future technology to triage irradiated individuals accurately, via biomarker screening, by providing a novel method to stabilize biofluids between collection and sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Taraboletti
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Maryam Goudarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Bo-Hyun Moon
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBiosience and Medicine, University of Arizona, 475 North Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Pelagie Ake
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Sueoka Shoishiro
- Center for Applied NanoBiosience and Medicine, University of Arizona, 475 North Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - David Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBiosience and Medicine, University of Arizona, 475 North Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 North Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, 425 North Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
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11
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Ye CJ, Sharpe Z, Alemara S, Mackenzie S, Liu G, Abdallah B, Horne S, Regan S, Heng HH. Micronuclei and Genome Chaos: Changing the System Inheritance. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050366. [PMID: 31086101 PMCID: PMC6562739 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronuclei research has regained its popularity due to the realization that genome chaos, a rapid and massive genome re-organization under stress, represents a major common mechanism for punctuated cancer evolution. The molecular link between micronuclei and chromothripsis (one subtype of genome chaos which has a selection advantage due to the limited local scales of chromosome re-organization), has recently become a hot topic, especially since the link between micronuclei and immune activation has been identified. Many diverse molecular mechanisms have been illustrated to explain the causative relationship between micronuclei and genome chaos. However, the newly revealed complexity also causes confusion regarding the common mechanisms of micronuclei and their impact on genomic systems. To make sense of these diverse and even conflicting observations, the genome theory is applied in order to explain a stress mediated common mechanism of the generation of micronuclei and their contribution to somatic evolution by altering the original set of information and system inheritance in which cellular selection functions. To achieve this goal, a history and a current new trend of micronuclei research is briefly reviewed, followed by a review of arising key issues essential in advancing the field, including the re-classification of micronuclei and how to unify diverse molecular characterizations. The mechanistic understanding of micronuclei and their biological function is re-examined based on the genome theory. Specifically, such analyses propose that micronuclei represent an effective way in changing the system inheritance by altering the coding of chromosomes, which belongs to the common evolutionary mechanism of cellular adaptation and its trade-off. Further studies of the role of micronuclei in disease need to be focused on the behavior of the adaptive system rather than specific molecular mechanisms that generate micronuclei. This new model can clarify issues important to stress induced micronuclei and genome instability, the formation and maintenance of genomic information, and cellular evolution essential in many common and complex diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Ye
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Zachary Sharpe
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Sarah Alemara
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Stephanie Mackenzie
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Guo Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Batoul Abdallah
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Steve Horne
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Sarah Regan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Henry H Heng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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12
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Wang Q, Rodrigues MA, Repin M, Pampou S, Beaton-Green LA, Perrier J, Garty G, Brenner DJ, Turner HC, Wilkins RC. Automated Triage Radiation Biodosimetry: Integrating Imaging Flow Cytometry with High-Throughput Robotics to Perform the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay. Radiat Res 2019; 191:342-351. [PMID: 30779694 DOI: 10.1667/rr15243.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay has become a fully-validated and standardized method for radiation biodosimetry. The assay is typically performed using microscopy, which is labor intensive, time consuming and impractical after a large-scale radiological/nuclear event. Imaging flow cytometry (IFC), which combines the statistical power of traditional flow cytometry with the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy, has been recently used to perform the CBMN assay. Since this technology is capable of automated sample acquisition and multi-file analysis, we have integrated IFC into our Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Technology (RABiT-II). Assay development and optimization studies were designed to increase the yield of binucleated cells (BNCs), and improve data acquisition and analysis templates to increase the speed and accuracy of image analysis. Human peripheral blood samples were exposed ex vivo with up to 4 Gy of c rays at a dose rate of 0.73 Gy/min. After irradiation, samples were transferred to microtubes (total volume of 1 ml including blood and media) and organized into a standard 8 × 12 plate format. Sample processing methods were modified by increasing the blood-to-media ratio, adding hypotonic solution prior to cell fixation and optimizing nuclear DRAQ5 staining, leading to an increase of 81% in BNC yield. Modification of the imaging processing algorithms within IFC software also improved BNC and MN identification, and reduced the average time of image analysis by 78%. Finally, 50 ll of irradiated whole blood was cultured with 200 ll of media in 96-well plates. All sample processing steps were performed automatically using the RABiT-II cell: :explorer robotic system adopting the optimized IFC-CBMN assay protocol. The results presented here detail a novel, high-throughput RABiT-IFC CBMN assay that possesses the potential to increase capacity for triage biodosimetry during a large-scale radiological/nuclear event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | | | - Mikhail Repin
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Sergey Pampou
- b Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening Facility, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- d Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Jay Perrier
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Guy Garty
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - David J Brenner
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Helen C Turner
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- d Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
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13
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Construction of dose response curves up to 6 Gy for Micronucleus and Dicentric Chromosome Aberration Assay with 6 MV X-ray Beam. RADIAT MEAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Shi L, Tashiro S. Estimation of the effects of medical diagnostic radiation exposure based on DNA damage. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:ii121-ii129. [PMID: 29518207 PMCID: PMC5941141 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
X-rays are widely applied in the medical field for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Among the uses of X-rays in diagnosis, computed tomography (CT) has been established as one of the most informative diagnostic radiology examinations. Moreover, recent advances in CT scan technology have made this examination much easier and more informative and increased its application, especially in Japan. However, the radiation dose of CT scans is higher than that of simple X-ray examinations. Therefore, the health risk of a CT scan has been discussed in various studies, but is still controversial. Consequently, the biological and cytogenetic effects of CT scans are being analyzed. Here, we summarize the recent findings concerning the biological and cytogenetic effects of ionizing radiation from a CT scan, by focusing on DNA damage and chromosome aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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15
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de Oliveira F, Carmona A, Ladeira C. Is mobile phone radiation genotoxic? An analysis of micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 822:41-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Bahreyni Toossi MT, Azimian H, Sarrafzadeh O, Mohebbi S, Soleymanifard S. Automatic detection of micronuclei by cell microscopic image processing. Mutat Res 2017; 806:9-18. [PMID: 28934716 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development and applications of ionizing radiation in medicine, the radiation effects on human health get more and more attention. Ionizing radiation can lead to various forms of cytogenetic damage, including increased frequencies of micronuclei (MNi) and chromosome abnormalities. The cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is widely used method for measuring MNi to determine chromosome mutations or genome instability in cultured human lymphocytes. The visual scoring of MNi is time-consuming and scorer fatigue can lead to inconsistency. In this work, we designed software for the scoring of in vitro CBMN assay for biomonitoring on Giemsa-stained slides that overcome many previous limitations. Automatic scoring proceeds in four stages as follows. First, overall segmentation of nuclei is done. Then, binucleated (BN) cells are detected. Next, the entire cell is estimated for each BN as it is assumed that there is no detectable cytoplasm. Finally, MNi are detected within each BN cell. The designed Software is even able to detect BN cells with vague cytoplasm and MNi in peripheral blood smear. Our system is tested on a self-provided dataset and is achieved high sensitivities of about 98% and 82% in recognizing BN cells and MNi, respectively. Moreover, in our study less than 1% false positives were observed that makes our system reliable for practical MNi scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hosein Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Sarrafzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Shokoufeh Mohebbi
- Medical Physics Department, Reza Radiation Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Repin M, Pampou S, Karan C, Brenner DJ, Garty G. RABiT-II: Implementation of a High-Throughput Micronucleus Biodosimetry Assay on Commercial Biotech Robotic Systems. Radiat Res 2017; 187:492-498. [PMID: 28231025 DOI: 10.1667/rr011cc.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of high-throughput biodosimetry platforms based on commercial high-throughput/high-content screening robotic systems. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, using only 20 μl whole blood from a fingerstick, was implemented on a PerkinElmer cell::explorer and General Electric IN Cell Analyzer 2000. On average 500 binucleated cells per sample were detected by our FluorQuantMN software. A calibration curve was generated in the radiation dose range up to 5.0 Gy using the data from 8 donors and 48,083 binucleated cells in total. The study described here demonstrates that high-throughput radiation biodosimetry is practical using current commercial high-throughput/high-content screening robotic systems, which can be readily programmed to perform and analyze robotics-optimized cytogenetic assays. Application to other commercial high-throughput/high-content screening systems beyond the ones used in this study is clearly practical. This approach will allow much wider access to high-throughput biodosimetric screening for large-scale radiological incidents than is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey Pampou
- b Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening facility, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Charles Karan
- b Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening facility, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | | | - Guy Garty
- a Center for Radiological Research and
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18
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Garty G, Turner HC, Salerno A, Bertucci A, Zhang J, Chen Y, Dutta A, Sharma P, Bian D, Taveras M, Wang H, Bhatla A, Balajee A, Bigelow AW, Repin M, Lyulko OV, Simaan N, Yao YL, Brenner DJ. THE DECADE OF THE RABiT (2005-15). RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:201-206. [PMID: 27412510 PMCID: PMC5225976 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The RABiT (Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool) is a dedicated Robotic platform for the automation of cytogenetics-based biodosimetry assays. The RABiT was developed to fulfill the critical requirement for triage following a mass radiological or nuclear event. Starting from well-characterized and accepted assays we developed a custom robotic platform to automate them. We present here a brief historical overview of the RABiT program at Columbia University from its inception in 2005 until the RABiT was dismantled at the end of 2015. The main focus of this paper is to demonstrate how the biological assays drove development of the custom robotic systems and in turn new advances in commercial robotic platforms inspired small modifications in the assays to allow replacing customized robotics with 'off the shelf' systems. Currently, a second-generation, RABiT II, system at Columbia University, consisting of a PerkinElmer cell::explorer, was programmed to perform the RABiT assays and is undergoing testing and optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - H C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - A Salerno
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Present address: Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp., 1000 Marie-Victorin, Longueil, QC, Canada J4G 1A1
| | - A Bertucci
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Present address: Auris Surgical Robotics Inc., 125 Shoreway Rd, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A Dutta
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Present address: BioReliance Corp., 9630 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - P Sharma
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - D Bian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - M Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Present address: General Motors Co., 30500 Mound Road, Warren, MI 48090, USA
| | - A Bhatla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Present address: Curiosity Lab Inc., 54 Mallard Pl. Secaucus, NJ, 07094, USA
| | - A Balajee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Present address: Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Building SC-10, 1299, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - A W Bigelow
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - M Repin
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - O V Lyulko
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - N Simaan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Present address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbuilt University, PMB 351592, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Y L Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - D J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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19
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Bertucci A, Smilenov LB, Turner HC, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ. In vitro RABiT measurement of dose rate effects on radiation induction of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:53-59. [PMID: 26791381 PMCID: PMC4792265 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Developing new methods for radiation biodosimetry has been identified as a high-priority need in case of a radiological accident or nuclear terrorist attacks. A large-scale radiological incident would result in an immediate critical need to assess the radiation doses received by thousands of individuals. Casualties will be exposed to different doses and dose rates due to their geographical position and sheltering conditions, and dose rate is one of the principal factors that determine the biological consequences of a given absorbed dose. In these scenarios, high-throughput platforms are required to identify the biological dose in a large number of exposed individuals for clinical monitoring and medical treatment. The Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool (RABiT) is designed to be completely automated from the input of blood sample into the machine to the output of a dose estimate. The primary goal of this paper was to quantify the dose rate effects for RABiT-measured micronuclei in vitro in human lymphocytes. Blood samples from healthy volunteers were exposed in vitro to different doses of X-rays to acute and protracted doses over a period up to 24 h. The acute dose was delivered at ~1.03 Gy/min and the low dose rate exposure at ~0.31 Gy/min. The results showed that the yield of micronuclei decreases with decreasing dose rate starting at 2 Gy, whereas response was indistinguishable from that of acute exposure in the low dose region, up to 0.5 Gy. The results showed a linear-quadratic dose-response relationship for the occurrence of micronuclei for the acute exposure and a linear dose-response relationship for the low dose rate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bertucci
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Lubomir B Smilenov
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
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20
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Rastkhah E, Zakeri F, Ghoranneviss M, Rajabpour MR, Farshidpour MR, Mianji F, Bayat M. The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay: dose-response calibration curve, background frequency in the population and dose estimation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:41-51. [PMID: 26507139 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro study of the dose responses of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was conducted with the aim of creating calibrated dose-response curves for biodosimetry measuring up to 4 Gy (0.25-4 Gy) of gamma radiation. The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay was employed to obtain the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) per binucleated cell in blood samples from 16 healthy donors (eight males and eight females) in two age ranges of 20-34 and 35-50 years. The data were used to construct the calibration curves for men and women in two age groups, separately. An increase in micronuclei yield with the dose in a linear-quadratic way was observed in all groups. To verify the applicability of the constructed calibration curve, MN yields were measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes of two real overexposed subjects and three irradiated samples with unknown dose, and the results were compared with dose values obtained from measuring dicentric chromosomes. The comparison of the results obtained by the two techniques indicated a good agreement between dose estimates. The average baseline frequency of MN for the 130 healthy non-exposed donors (77 men and 55 women, 20-60 years old divided into four age groups) ranged from 6 to 21 micronuclei per 1000 binucleated cells. Baseline MN frequencies were higher for women and for the older age group. The results presented in this study point out that the CBMN assay is a reliable, easier and valuable alternative method for biological dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rastkhah
- Islamic Azad University, Science Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Zakeri
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Ghoranneviss
- Islamic Azad University, Science Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - F Mianji
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Bayat
- Islamic Azad University, Science Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Rodrigues MA, Beaton-Green LA, Wilkins RC. Validation of the Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Assay Using Imaging Flow Cytometry for High Throughput Radiation Biodosimetry. HEALTH PHYSICS 2016; 110:29-36. [PMID: 26606062 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay can be employed in triage radiation biodosimetry to determine the dose of radiation to an exposed individual by quantifying the frequency of micronuclei in binucleated lymphocyte cells. Partially automated analysis of the assay has been applied to traditional microscope-based methods, and most recently, the assay has been adapted to an automated imaging flow cytometry method. This method is able to automatically score a larger number of binucleated cells than are typically scored by microscopy. Whole blood samples were irradiated, divided into 2 mL and 200 μL aliquots, cultured for 48 h and 72 h, and processed to generate calibration curves from 0-4 Gy. To validate the method for use in radiation biodosimetry, nine separate whole blood samples were then irradiated to known doses, blinded, and processed. Results indicate that dose estimations can be determined to within ±0.5 Gy of the delivered dose after only 48 h of culture time with an initial blood volume of 200 μL. By performing the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry, a significant reduction in the culture time and volume requirements is possible, which greatly increases the applicability of the assay in high throughput triage radiation biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Rodrigues
- *Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Rd., K1A 1C1, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; †Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Garty G, Bigelow AW, Repin M, Turner HC, Bian D, Balajee AS, Lyulko OV, Taveras M, Yao YL, Brenner DJ. An automated imaging system for radiation biodosimetry. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:587-98. [PMID: 25939519 PMCID: PMC4479970 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe here an automated imaging system developed at the Center for High Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry. The imaging system is built around a fast, sensitive sCMOS camera and rapid switchable LED light source. It features complete automation of all the steps of the imaging process and contains built-in feedback loops to ensure proper operation. The imaging system is intended as a back end to the RABiT-a robotic platform for radiation biodosimetry. It is intended to automate image acquisition and analysis for four biodosimetry assays for which we have developed automated protocols: The Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus assay, the γ-H2AX assay, the Dicentric assay (using PNA or FISH probes) and the RABiT-BAND assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, 136 S. Broadway, P.O. Box 21, Irvington, NY 10533,USA
| | - Alan W. Bigelow
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, 136 S. Broadway, P.O. Box 21, Irvington, NY 10533,USA
| | - Mikhail Repin
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 W 168 St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 W 168 St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dakai Bian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St. New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Adayabalam S. Balajee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 W 168 St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oleksandra V. Lyulko
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, 136 S. Broadway, P.O. Box 21, Irvington, NY 10533,USA
| | - Maria Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 W 168 St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Y. Lawrence Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St. New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 W 168 St. New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Rodrigues MA, Beaton-Green LA, Kutzner BC, Wilkins RC. Multi-parameter dose estimations in radiation biodosimetry using the automated cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay with imaging flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2014; 85:883-93. [PMID: 25154929 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established technique in radiation biological dosimetry for estimating the dose to an individual by measuring the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in binucleated lymphocyte cells (BNCs). The assay has been partially automated using slide-scoring algorithms, but an automated multiparameter method without the need of the slide-making procedure would be advantageous to further increase throughput for application in mass casualty events. The development of the ImageStreamX (ISX) imaging flow cytometer has made it possible to adapt the CBMN assay to an automated imaging flow cytometry (FCM) method. The protocol and analysis presented in this work tailor and expand the assay to a multiparameter biodosimetry tool. Ex vivo irradiated whole blood samples were cultured, processed, and analyzed on the ISX and BNCs, MN, and mononuclear cells were imaged, identified, and enumerated automatically and simultaneously. Details on development of the method, gating strategy, and dose response curves generated for the rate of MN per BNC, percentage of mononuclear cells as well as the replication index are presented. Results indicate that adapting the CBMN assay for use in imaging FCM has produced a rapid, robust, multiparameter analysis method with higher throughput than is currently available with standard microscopy. We conclude that the ISX-CBMN method may be an advantageous tool following a radiological event where triage biodosimetry must be performed on a large number of casualties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rodrigues
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, Carleton University, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Rodrigues MA, Beaton-Green LA, Kutzner BC, Wilkins RC. Automated analysis of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay for radiation biodosimetry using imaging flow cytometry. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:273-282. [PMID: 24604721 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is employed in biological dosimetry to determine the dose of radiation to an exposed individual from the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in binucleated lymphocyte cells. The method has been partially automated for the use in mass casualty events, but it would be advantageous to further automate the method for increased throughput. Recently, automated image analysis has been successfully applied to the traditional, slide-scoring-based method of the CBMN assay. However, with the development of new technologies such as the imaging flow cytometer, it is now possible to adapt this microscope-based assay to an automated imaging flow cytometry method. The ImageStream(X) is an imaging flow cytometer that has adequate sensitivity to quantify radiation doses larger than 1 Gy while adding the increased throughput of traditional flow cytometry. The protocol and analysis presented in this work adapts the CBMN assay for the use on the ImageStream(X). Ex vivo-irradiated whole blood samples cultured for CBMN were analyzed on the ImageStream(X), and preliminary results indicate that binucleated cells and MN can be identified, imaged and enumerated automatically by imaging flow cytometry. Details of the method development, gating strategy and the dose response curve generated are presented and indicate that adaptation of the CBMN assay for the use with imaging flow cytometry has potential for high-throughput analysis following a mass casualty radiological event.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rodrigues
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Rd., Ottawa, ON, K1A 1C1, Canada
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Turner HC, Sharma P, Perrier JR, Bertucci A, Smilenov L, Johnson G, Taveras M, Brenner DJ, Garty G. The RABiT: high-throughput technology for assessing global DSB repair. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:265-72. [PMID: 24477408 PMCID: PMC3999265 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
At the Center for High-Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry, we have developed a rapid automated biodosimetry tool (RABiT); this is a completely automated, ultra-high-throughput robotically based biodosimetry workstation designed for use following a large-scale radiological event, to perform radiation biodosimetry measurements based on a fingerstick blood sample. High throughput is achieved through purpose built robotics, sample handling in filter-bottomed multi-well plates and innovations in high-speed imaging and analysis. Currently, we are adapting the RABiT technologies for use in laboratory settings, for applications in epidemiological and clinical studies. Our overall goal is to extend the RABiT system to directly measure the kinetics of DNA repair proteins. The design of the kinetic/time-dependent studies is based on repeated, automated sampling of lymphocytes from a central reservoir of cells housed in the RABiT incubator as a function of time after the irradiation challenge. In the present study, we have characterized the DNA repair kinetics of the following repair proteins: γ-H2AX, 53-BP1, ATM kinase, MDC1 at multiple times (0.5, 2, 4, 7 and 24 h) after irradiation with 4 Gy γ rays. In order to provide a consistent dose exposure at time zero, we have developed an automated capillary irradiator to introduce DNA DSBs into fingerstick-size blood samples within the RABiT. To demonstrate the scalability of the laboratory-based RABiT system, we have initiated a population study using γ-H2AX as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Turner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St. VC11-240, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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Garty G, Chen Y, Turner HC, Zhang J, Lyulko OV, Bertucci A, Xu Y, Wang H, Simaan N, Randers-Pehrson G, Lawrence Yao Y, Brenner DJ. The RABiT: a rapid automated biodosimetry tool for radiological triage. II. Technological developments. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:776-90. [PMID: 21557703 PMCID: PMC3176460 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.573612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over the past five years the Center for Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry at Columbia University has developed the Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool (RABiT), a completely automated, ultra-high throughput biodosimetry workstation. This paper describes recent upgrades and reliability testing of the RABiT. MATERIALS AND METHODS The RABiT analyses fingerstick-derived blood samples to estimate past radiation exposure or to identify individuals exposed above or below a cut-off dose. Through automated robotics, lymphocytes are extracted from fingerstick blood samples into filter-bottomed multi-well plates. Depending on the time since exposure, the RABiT scores either micronuclei or phosphorylation of the histone H2AX, in an automated robotic system, using filter-bottomed multi-well plates. Following lymphocyte culturing, fixation and staining, the filter bottoms are removed from the multi-well plates and sealed prior to automated high-speed imaging. Image analysis is performed online using dedicated image processing hardware. Both the sealed filters and the images are archived. RESULTS We have developed a new robotic system for lymphocyte processing, making use of an upgraded laser power and parallel processing of four capillaries at once. This system has allowed acceleration of lymphocyte isolation, the main bottleneck of the RABiT operation, from 12 to 2 sec/sample. Reliability tests have been performed on all robotic subsystems. CONCLUSIONS Parallel handling of multiple samples through the use of dedicated, purpose-built, robotics and high speed imaging allows analysis of up to 30,000 samples per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, New York, NY 10533, USA.
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