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Meena SK, Joriya PR, Yadav SM, Kumar R, Meena P, Patel DD. Modulation of radiation-induced intestinal injury by radioprotective agents: a cellular and molecular perspectives. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:295-311. [PMID: 35438851 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) system has rapidly proliferating and differentiating cells, which make it one of the most radiosensitive organs in the body. Exposure to high dose of ionising radiation (IR) during radiotherapy may generate a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) including radicals, cause some side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, pain, ulceration, mal-absorption etc. Irradiation disrupts GI system by damaging proliferating stem cells of the crypts that alters the histology and physiology of intestine. Radiation damage reflects the qualitative and quantitative changes in intestinal epithelial stem cells like enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells and Paneth cells. The damaging effects of radiation to bio-molecules and cellular structures can alter gene signalling cascades and grounds genomic instability, protein modifications, cell senescence and cell death. The signalling pathways of GI tract includes Wnt, BMP, Hedgehog, PTEN/PI3K and Notch plays an important role in self-renewal of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and maintaining the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of ISCs. Various radiation countermeasures including radioprotectors and mitigators are under development phase globally but still not approved for clinical applications during any radiation emergencies. In view of above, present review highlights cellular and molecular interruptions of GI system due to acute and chronic GI radiation injury, role of radioprotectors in signalling cascade modulations in GI epithelium and involvement of ISC markers in radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Meena
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pukha Raj Joriya
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanwar Mal Yadav
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Priyadarshi Meena
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dev Dutt Patel
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Morel KL, Hamid AA, Clohessy JG, Pandell N, Ellis L, Sweeney CJ. NF-κB Blockade with Oral Administration of Dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT), Delays Prostate Cancer Resistance to Androgen Receptor (AR) Inhibition and Inhibits AR Variants. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1137-1145. [PMID: 33863813 PMCID: PMC8254800 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB activation has been linked to prostate cancer progression and is commonly observed in castrate-resistant disease. It has been suggested that NF-κB-driven resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer cells may be mediated by aberrant androgen receptor (AR) activation and AR splice variant production. Preventing resistance to ADT may therefore be achieved by using NF-κB inhibitors. However, low oral bioavailability and high toxicity of NF-κB inhibitors is a major challenge for clinical translation. Dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT) is an oral NF-κB inhibitor in clinical development and has already shown favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodyanamic data in patients with heme malignancies, including decrease of NF-κB in circulating leuchemic blasts. Here, we report that activation of NF-κB/p65 by castration in mouse and human prostate cancer models resulted in a significant increase in AR variant-7 (AR-V7) expression and modest upregulation of AR. In vivo castration of VCaP-CR tumors resulted in significant upregulation of phosphorylated-p65 and AR-V7, which was attenuated by combination with DMAPT and DMAPT increased the efficacy of AR inhibition. We further demonstrate that the effects of DMAPT-sensitizing prostate cancer cells to castration were dependent on the ability of DMAPT to inhibit phosphorylated-p65 function. IMPLICATIONS: Our study shows that DMAPT, an oral NF-κB inhibitor in clinical development, inhibits phosphorylated-p65 upregulation of AR-V7 and delays prostate cancer castration resistance. This provides rationale for the development of DMAPT as a novel therapeutic strategy to increase durable response in patients receiving AR-targeted therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Androgen Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, SCID
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Sesquiterpenes/administration & dosage
- Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Morel
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anis A Hamid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John G Clohessy
- Department of Medicine, Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Pandell
- Department of Medicine, Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher J Sweeney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Said RS, Mohamed HA, Kassem DH. Alpha-lipoic acid effectively attenuates ionizing radiation-mediated testicular dysfunction in rats: Crosstalk of NF-ĸB, TGF-β, and PPAR-ϒ pathways. Toxicology 2020; 442:152536. [PMID: 32649955 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the principal approaches employed in the treatment of pelvic cancers. Nevertheless, testicular dysfunction and infertility are among the most common adverse effects in young adult cancer survivors. Clinically, alpha-lipoic acid (LA) has been applied to improve the quality of sperm with a satisfactory effect. Therefore, the present study investigated the underlying mechanisms of the radioprotective effects of LA against testicular damage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 10 Gy of whole-body ϒ-radiation and LA (50 mg/kg, P.O.) was administered one week before and three days post-irradiation. LA showed remarkable capacity in preserving testicular tissue against radiation damage by improving histological and ultrastructural changes of disorganized seminiferous tubules, besides enhancing its diameter, germinal epithelial thickness, and Johnsen's score. Radiation instigated a significant decrease in sperm quality and quantity associated with depletion of serum testosterone levels, while the LA administration maintained spermatogenesis. Strikingly, LA exhibited antioxidant properties by restoring reduced glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase and glutathione-s-transferase, besides diminishing malondialdehyde levels in the testis of irradiated group. Furthermore, LA alleviated testicular inflammation through downregulation of nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB) expression with a subsequent reduction in interleukin (IL)-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, accompanied by the augmented expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Additionally, testicular fibrosis markers including Masson's trichrome and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression were noticeably declined in LA-treated irradiated rats, together with the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ϒ expression. Collectively, LA ameliorates radiation-mediated spermatogenesis-defects and testicular-damage via suppression of oxidative stress/NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Soliman Said
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba A Mohamed
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Hamada Kassem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Applications of Sesquiterpene Lactones: A Review of Some Potential Success Cases. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones, a vast range of terpenoids isolated from Asteraceae species, exhibit a broad spectrum of biological effects and several of them are already commercially available, such as artemisinin. Here the most recent and impactful results of in vivo, preclinical and clinical studies involving a selection of ten sesquiterpene lactones (alantolactone, arglabin, costunolide, cynaropicrin, helenalin, inuviscolide, lactucin, parthenolide, thapsigargin and tomentosin) are presented and discussed, along with some of their derivatives. In the authors’ opinion, these compounds have been neglected compared to others, although they could be of great use in developing important new pharmaceutical products. The selected sesquiterpenes show promising anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects, acting on various targets. Moreover, they exhibit antifungal, anxiolytic, analgesic, and antitrypanosomal activities. Several studies discussed here clearly show the potential that some of them have in combination therapy, as sensitizing agents to facilitate and enhance the action of drugs in clinical use. The derivatives show greater pharmacological value since they have better pharmacokinetics, stability, potency, and/or selectivity. All these natural terpenoids and their derivatives exhibit properties that invite further research by the scientific community.
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Najafi M, Cheki M, Amini P, Javadi A, Shabeeb D, Eleojo Musa A. Evaluating the protective effect of resveratrol, Q10, and alpha-lipoic acid on radiation-induced mice spermatogenesis injury: A histopathological study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17:907-914. [PMID: 31970312 PMCID: PMC6943799 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i12.5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Testis is one of the most sensitive organs against the toxic effect of ionizing radiation. Exposure to even a low dose of radiation during radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology, or a radiological event could pose a threat to spermatogenesis. This may lead to temporary or permanent infertility or even transfer of genomic instability to the next generations. Objective In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of treatment with three natural antioxidants; resveratrol, alpha lipoic acid, and coenzyme Q10 on radiation-induced spermatogenesis injury. Materials and Methods 30 NMRI mice (6-8 wk, 30 ± 5 gr) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5/each) as 1) control; 2) radiation; 3) radiation + resveratrol; 4) radiation + alpha lipoic acid; 5) radiation + resveratrol + alpha lipoic acid; and 6) radiation+ Q10. Mice were treated with 100 mg/kg resveratrol or 200 mg/kg alpha lipoic acid or a combination of these drugs. Also, Q10 was administered at 200 mg/kg. All treatments were performed daily from two days before to 30 min before irradiation. Afterward, mice were exposed to 2 Gy 60 Co gamma rays; 37 days after irradiation, the testicular samples were collected and evaluated for histopathological parameters. Results Results showed that these agents are able to alleviate some toxicological parameters such as basal lamina and epididymis decreased sperm density. Also, all agents were able to increase Johnsen score. However, they could not protect against radiation-induced edema, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, and hyperplasia in Leydig cells. Conclusion This study indicates that resveratrol, alpha-lipoic acid, and Q10 have the potential to reduce some of the side effects of radiation on mice spermatogenesis. However, they cannot protect Leydig cells as a source of testosterone and seminiferous tubules as the location of sperm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Javadi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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