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Lacombe J, Summers AJ, Khanishayan A, Khorsandian Y, Hacey I, Blackson W, Zenhausern F. Paper-Based Vertical Flow Immunoassay for the Point-of-Care Multiplex Detection of Radiation Dosimetry Genes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:178-186. [PMID: 37369178 PMCID: PMC10751381 DOI: 10.1159/000531702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a nuclear or radiological incident, first responders must quickly and accurately measure radiation exposure among civilians as medical countermeasures are radiation dose-dependent and time-sensitive. Although several approaches have been explored to measure absorbed radiation dose, there is an important need to develop point-of-care (POC) bioassay devices that can be used immediately to triage thousands of individuals potentially exposed to radiation. Here we present a proof-of-concept study showing the use of a paper-based vertical flow immunoassay (VFI) to detect radiation dosimetry genes. Using labeled primers during amplification and a multiplex membrane, our results showed that the nucleic acid VFI can simultaneously detect two biodosimetry genes, CDKN1A and DDB2, as well as one housekeeping gene MRPS5. The assay demonstrated good linearity and precision with an inter- and intra-assay coefficient of variance <20% and <10%, respectively. Moreover, the assay showed its ability to discriminate non-irradiated controls (0 Gy) from irradiated samples (1 + 2 Gy) with an overall sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 100% (AUC = 0.8672, 95% CI: 0.723-1.000; p = 0.004). Interestingly, the gene combination also showed a dose-dependent response for 0, 1, and 2 Gy, similar to data obtained by real-time PCR benchmark. These preliminary results suggest that a VFI platform can be used to detect simultaneously multiple genes that can be then quantified, thus offering a new approach for a POC biodosimetry assay that could be rapidly deployed on-site to test a large population and help triage and medical management after radiological event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander J. Summers
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ashkan Khanishayan
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yasaman Khorsandian
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Isabella Hacey
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wyatt Blackson
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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2
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Schüle S, Bristy EA, Muhtadi R, Kaletka G, Stewart S, Ostheim P, Hermann C, Asang C, Pleimes D, Port M, Abend M. Four Genes Predictive for the Severity of Hematological Damage Reveal a Similar Response after X Irradiation and Chemotherapy. Radiat Res 2023; 199:115-123. [PMID: 36480042 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00068.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiological and especially nuclear accidents and incidents pose a threat to populations. In such events, gene expression (GE) analysis of a set of 4 genes (FDXR, DDB2, POU2AF1, WNT3) is an emerging approach for early and high-throughput prediction of the later manifesting severity degrees of the hematological acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). Validation of this gene set on radiation victims is difficult since these events are rare. However, chemotherapy (CTX) is widely used e.g., breast cancer patient treatment and pathomechanisms, as well as blood cell count changes are comparable among both exposure types. We wondered whether GE changes are similarly deregulated after CTX, which would be interpreted as a confirmation of our already identified gene set for H-ARS prediction after irradiation. We examined radiation-induced differential GE (DGE) of our gene set as a positive control using in vitro whole blood samples from ten healthy donors (6 females, 4 males, aged: 24-40 years). Blood was incubated in vitro for 8 h after X irradiation with 0 and 4 Gy (1 Gy/min). These data were compared with DGE measured in vivo in blood samples of 10 breast tumor CTX patients (10 females, aged: 39-71 years) before and 4 days after administration of cyclophosphamide and epirubicin. RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed and quantitative real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess DGE of FDXR, DDB2, POU2AF1 and WNT3 relative to the unexposed samples using TaqMan assays. After X irradiation, we found a significant upregulation (irrespective of sex) with mean fold changes of 21 (P < 0.001) and 7 (P < 0.001) for FDXR and DDB2 and a significant down-regulation with mean fold changes of 2.5 (P < 0.001) and 2 (P = 0.005) for POU2AF1 and WNT3, respectively. After CTX, a similar pattern was observed, although mean fold changes of up-regulated FDXR (6-fold, P < 0.001) and DDB2 (3-fold, P < 0.001) as well as down-regulated POU2AF1 (1.2-fold, P = 0.270) and WNT3 (1.3-fold, P = 0.069) appeared lower corresponding to less altered blood cell count changes observed after CTX compared to historic radiation exposure data. However, a subpopulation of CTX patients (n = 6) showed on average a significant downregulation of POU2AF1 (1.8-fold, P = 0.04) and WNT3 (2.1-fold, P = 0.008). In summary, the pattern of up-regulated GE changes observed in all CTX patients and down-regulated GE changes observed in a subgroup of CTX patients appeared comparable with an already identified gene set predictive for the radiation-induced H-ARS. This underlines the significance of in vivo GE measurements in CTX patients, employed as a surrogate model to further validate already identified radiation-induced GE changes predictive for the H-ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Effat Ara Bristy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Razan Muhtadi
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Kaletka
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha Stewart
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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3
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Shakyawar SK, Mishra NK, Vellichirammal NN, Cary L, Helikar T, Powers R, Oberley-Deegan RE, Berkowitz DB, Bayles KW, Singh VK, Guda C. A Review of Radiation-Induced Alterations of Multi-Omic Profiles, Radiation Injury Biomarkers, and Countermeasures. Radiat Res 2023; 199:89-111. [PMID: 36368026 PMCID: PMC10279411 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00187.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing utilization of nuclear power enhances the risks associated with industrial accidents, occupational hazards, and the threat of nuclear terrorism. Exposure to ionizing radiation interferes with genomic stability and gene expression resulting in the disruption of normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by inducing complex biological responses. Exposure to high-dose radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, and many other organ-specific injuries. Altered genomic variations, gene expression, metabolite concentrations, and microbiota profiles in blood plasma or tissue samples reflect the whole-body radiation injuries. Hence, multi-omic profiles obtained from high-resolution omics platforms offer a holistic approach for identifying reliable biomarkers to predict the radiation injury of organs and tissues resulting from radiation exposures. In this review, we performed a literature search to systematically catalog the radiation-induced alterations from multi-omic studies and radiation countermeasures. We covered radiation-induced changes in the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and microbiome profiles. Furthermore, we have covered promising multi-omic biomarkers, FDA-approved countermeasure drugs, and other radiation countermeasures that include radioprotectors and radiomitigators. This review presents an overview of radiation-induced alterations of multi-omics profiles and biomarkers, and associated radiation countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Shakyawar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nitish K Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Neetha N Vellichirammal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lynnette Cary
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Tomáš Helikar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - David B Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
| | - Kenneth W Bayles
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Innovation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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4
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Amundson SA. Transcriptomics for radiation biodosimetry: progress and challenges. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 99:925-933. [PMID: 33970766 PMCID: PMC10026363 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1928784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcriptomic-based approaches are being developed to meet the needs for large-scale radiation dose and injury assessment and provide population triage following a radiological or nuclear event. This review provides background and definition of the need for new biodosimetry approaches, and summarizes the major advances in this field. It discusses some of the major model systems used in gene signature development, and highlights some of the remaining challenges, including individual variation in gene expression, potential confounding factors, and accounting for the complexity of realistic exposure scenarios. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic approaches show great promise for both dose reconstruction and for prediction of individual radiological injury. However, further work will be needed to ensure that gene expression signatures will be robust and appropriate for their intended use in radiological or nuclear emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Ostheim P, Coker O, Schüle S, Hermann C, Combs SE, Trott KR, Atkinson M, Port M, Abend M. Identifying a Diagnostic Window for the Use of Gene Expression Profiling to Predict Acute Radiation Syndrome. Radiat Res 2021; 195:38-46. [PMID: 33181834 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00126.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the event of a mass casualty radiological or nuclear scenario, it is important to distinguish between the unexposed (worried well), low-dose exposed individuals and those developing the hematological acute radiation syndrome (HARS) within the first three days postirradiation. In previous baboon studies, we identified altered gene expression changes after irradiation, which were predictive for the later developing HARS severity. Similar changes in the expression of four of these genes were observed using an in vitro human whole blood model. However, these studies have provided only limited information on the time frame of the changes after exposure in relationship to the development of HARS. In this study we analyzed the time-dependent changes in mRNA expression after in vitro irradiation of whole blood. Changes in the expression of informative mRNAs (FDXR, DBB2, POU2AF1 and WNT3) were determined in the blood of eight healthy donors (6 males, 2 females) after irradiation at 0 (control), 0.5, 2 and 4 Gy using qRT-PCR. FDXR expression was significantly upregulated (P < 0.001) 4 h after ≥0.5 Gy irradiation, with an 18-40-fold peak attained 4-12 h postirradiation which remained elevated (4-9-fold) at 72 h. DDB2 expression was upregulated after 4 h (fold change, 5-8, P < 0.001 at ≥ 0.5 Gy) and remained upregulated (3-4-fold) until 72 h (P < 0.001). The earliest time points showing a significant downregulation of POU2AF1 and WNT3 were 4 h (fold change = 0.4, P = 0.001, at 4 Gy) and 8 h (fold change = 0.3-0.5, P < 0.001, 2-4 Gy), respectively. These results indicate that the diagnostic window for detecting HARS-predictive changes in gene expression may be opened as early as 2 h for most (75%) and at 4 h postirradiation for all individuals examined. Depending on the RNA species studied this may continue for at least three days postirradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Omoleye Coker
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Rüdiger Trott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mike Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
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6
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Ostheim P, Don Mallawaratchy A, Müller T, Schüle S, Hermann C, Popp T, Eder S, Combs SE, Port M, Abend M. Acute radiation syndrome-related gene expression in irradiated peripheral blood cell populations. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:474-484. [PMID: 33476246 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1876953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a nuclear or radiological event, an early diagnostic tool is needed to distinguish the worried well from those individuals who may later develop life-threatenFing hematologic acute radiation syndrome. We examined the contribution of the peripheral blood's cell populations on radiation-induced gene expression (GE) changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS EDTA-whole-blood from six healthy donors was X-irradiated with 0 and 4Gy and T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, NK-cells and granulocytes were separated using immunomagnetic methods. GE were examined in cell populations and whole blood. RESULTS The cell populations contributed to the total RNA amount with a ratio of 11.6 for T-lymphocytes, 1.2 for B-cells, 1.2 for NK-cells, 1.0 for granulocytes. To estimate the contribution of GE per cell population, the baseline (0Gy) and the radiation-induced fold-change in GE relative to unexposed was considered for each gene. The T-lymphocytes (74.8%/80.5%) contributed predominantly to the radiation-induced up-regulation observed for FDXR/DDB2 and the B-lymphocytes (97.1%/83.8%) for down-regulated POU2AF1/WNT3 with a similar effect on whole blood gene expression measurements reflecting a corresponding order of magnitude. CONCLUSIONS T- and B-lymphocytes contributed predominantly to the radiation-induced up-regulation of FDXR/DDB2 and down-regulation of POU2AF1/WNT3. This study underlines the use of FDXR/DDB2 for biodosimetry purposes and POU2AF1/WNT3 for effect prediction of acute health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Müller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Popp
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Eder
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
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7
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Chen S, Hu Y, Yu C, Liu R, Wang Z. Screening of Long Noncoding RNAs Induced by Radiation Using Microarray. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820916304. [PMID: 32341682 PMCID: PMC7169363 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820916304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair and G2/M arrest are the key factors regulating the survival of
cancer cells exposed to radiation. Recent studies have shown that long noncoding
RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a variety of biological processes,
including DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and epigenetic
regulation. However, the knowledge about the genome scale of lncRNAs and their
potential biological functions in tumor cells exposed to radiation are still
unclear. In this study, we used LncRNA + mRNA Human Gene Expression Microarray
V4.0 to profile lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) from HeLa, MCF-7, and A549 cells
after irradiation with 4 Gy of γ-radiation. We identified 230, 227, and 274
differentially expressed lncRNAs and 150, 214, and 274 differentially expressed
mRNAs in HeLa, MCF-7, and A549 cells, respectively, among which there are 14
common differentially expressed lncRNAs and 22 common differentially expressed
mRNAs in all of the 3 cell lines. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes
and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that these differentially expressed mRNAs
were mainly associated with cell cycle. Further, we also predicted the target
genes and functions of these differentially expressed lncRNAs. Our study on
lncRNAs has greatly expanded the field of gene research in the relationship of
radiation, cell cycle, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangjing Chen
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Hu
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Liu
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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8
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Ghandhi SA, Shuryak I, Morton SR, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ. New Approaches for Quantitative Reconstruction of Radiation Dose in Human Blood Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18441. [PMID: 31804590 PMCID: PMC6895166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the event of a nuclear attack or large-scale radiation event, there would be an urgent need for assessing the dose to which hundreds or thousands of individuals were exposed. Biodosimetry approaches are being developed to address this need, including transcriptomics. Studies have identified many genes with potential for biodosimetry, but, to date most have focused on classification of samples by exposure levels, rather than dose reconstruction. We report here a proof-of-principle study applying new methods to select radiation-responsive genes to generate quantitative, rather than categorical, radiation dose reconstructions based on a blood sample. We used a new normalization method to reduce effects of variability of signal intensity in unirradiated samples across studies; developed a quantitative dose-reconstruction method that is generally under-utilized compared to categorical methods; and combined these to determine a gene set as a reconstructor. Our dose-reconstruction biomarker was trained using two data sets and tested on two independent ones. It was able to reconstruct dose up to 4.5 Gy with root mean squared error (RMSE) of ± 0.35 Gy on a test dataset using the same platform, and up to 6.0 Gy with RMSE of ± 1.74 Gy on a test set using a different platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz A Ghandhi
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shad R Morton
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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9
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Paul S, Kleiman NJ, Amundson SA. Transcriptomic responses in mouse blood during the first week after in vivo gamma irradiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18364. [PMID: 31797975 PMCID: PMC6893039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to limitations of available human models for development of gene expression based radiation biodosimetry, many such studies have made use of mouse models. To provide a broad view of the gene expression response to irradiation in the mouse, we have exposed male C57BL/6 mice to 0, 1.5, 3, 6 or 10 Gy of gamma rays, sacrificing groups of the mice at 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7 days after exposure. We then profiled global gene expression in blood from individual mice using Agilent microarrays. In general, we found increasing numbers of genes differentially expressed with increasing dose, with more prolonged responses after the higher doses. Gene ontology analysis showed a similar pattern, with more biological processes enriched among the genes responding to higher doses, and at later times after exposure. Clustering the timecourse expression data using maSigPro identified four broad patterns of response, representing different gene ontology functions. The largest of these clusters included genes with initially decreased expression followed by increased expression at later times, a pattern of expression previously reported for several genes following neutron exposure. Another gene cluster showing consistent down regulation suggests genes useful for biodosimetry throughout the first week after exposure can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunirmal Paul
- Center for Radiological Research, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Norman J Kleiman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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10
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Li S, Lu X, Feng JB, Tian M, Wang J, Chen H, Chen DQ, Liu QJ. Developing Gender-Specific Gene Expression Biodosimetry Using a Panel of Radiation-Responsive Genes for Determining Radiation Dose in Human Peripheral Blood. Radiat Res 2019; 192:399-409. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15355.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jiang-Bin Feng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 307 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 307 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - De-Qing Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
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11
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Lacombe J, Sima C, Amundson SA, Zenhausern F. Candidate gene biodosimetry markers of exposure to external ionizing radiation in human blood: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198851. [PMID: 29879226 PMCID: PMC5991767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compile a list of genes that have been reported to be affected by external ionizing radiation (IR) and to assess their performance as candidate biomarkers for individual human radiation dosimetry. Methods Eligible studies were identified through extensive searches of the online databases from 1978 to 2017. Original English-language publications of microarray studies assessing radiation-induced changes in gene expression levels in human blood after external IR were included. Genes identified in at least half of the selected studies were retained for bio-statistical analysis in order to evaluate their diagnostic ability. Results 24 studies met the criteria and were included in this study. Radiation-induced expression of 10,170 unique genes was identified and the 31 genes that have been identified in at least 50% of studies (12/24 studies) were selected for diagnostic power analysis. Twenty-seven genes showed a significant Spearman’s correlation with radiation dose. Individually, TNFSF4, FDXR, MYC, ZMAT3 and GADD45A provided the best discrimination of radiation dose < 2 Gy and dose ≥ 2 Gy according to according to their maximized Youden’s index (0.67, 0.55, 0.55, 0.55 and 0.53 respectively). Moreover, 12 combinations of three genes display an area under the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) curve (AUC) = 1 reinforcing the concept of biomarker combinations instead of looking for an ideal and unique biomarker. Conclusion Gene expression is a promising approach for radiation dosimetry assessment. A list of robust candidate biomarkers has been identified from analysis of the studies published to date, confirming for example the potential of well-known genes such as FDXR and TNFSF4 or highlighting other promising gene such as ZMAT3. However, heterogeneity in protocols and analysis methods will require additional studies to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chao Sima
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Honor Health Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
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Li S, Zhang QZ, Zhang DQ, Feng JB, Luo Q, Lu X, Wang XR, Li KP, Chen DQ, Mu XF, Gao L, Liu QJ. GDF-15 gene expression alterations in human lymphoblastoid cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes following exposure to ionizing radiation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3599-3606. [PMID: 28440431 PMCID: PMC5436215 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of rapid, sensitive and high‑throughput biomarkers is imperative in order to identify individuals harmed by radiation accidents, and accurately evaluate the absorbed doses of radiation. DNA microarrays have previously been used to evaluate the alterations in growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression in AHH‑1 human lymphoblastoid cells, following exposure to γ‑rays. The present study aimed to characterize the relationship between the dose of ionizing radiation and the produced effects in GDF‑15 gene expression in AHH‑1 cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs). GDF‑15 mRNA and protein expression levels following exposure to γ‑rays and neutron radiation were assessed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis in AHH‑1 cells. In addition, alterations in GDF‑15 gene expression in HPBLs following ex vivo irradiation were evaluated. The present results demonstrated that GDF‑15 mRNA and protein expression levels in AHH‑1 cells were significantly upregulated following exposure to γ‑ray doses ranging between 1 and 10 Gy, regardless of the dose rate. A total of 48 h following exposure to neutron radiation, a dose‑response relationship was identified in AHH‑1 cells at γ‑ray doses between 0.4 and 1.6 Gy. GDF‑15 mRNA levels in HPBLs were significantly upregulated following exposure to γ‑ray doses between 1 and 8 Gy, within 4‑48 h following irradiation. These results suggested that significant time‑ and dose‑dependent alterations in GDF‑15 mRNA and protein expression occur in AHH‑1 cells and HPBLs in the early phases following exposure to ionizing radiation. In conclusion, alterations in GDF‑15 gene expression may have potential as a biomarker to evaluate radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Zhao Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - De-Qin Zhang
- Beijing Shijingshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Bin Feng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- Department of Transfusion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ru Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Artillery General Hospital PLA, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Peng Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - De-Qing Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Mu
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Ling Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
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Park JG, Paul S, Briones N, Zeng J, Gillis K, Wallstrom G, LaBaer J, Amundson SA. Developing Human Radiation Biodosimetry Models: Testing Cross-Species Conversion Approaches Using an Ex Vivo Model System. Radiat Res 2017; 187:708-721. [PMID: 28328310 DOI: 10.1667/rr14655.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the event of a large-scale radiation exposure, accurate and quick assessment of radiation dose received would be critical for triage and medical treatment of large numbers of potentially exposed individuals. Current methods of biodosimetry, such as the dicentric chromosome assay, are time consuming and require sophisticated equipment and highly trained personnel. Therefore, scalable biodosimetry approaches, including gene expression profiles in peripheral blood cells, are being investigated. Due to the limited availability of appropriate human samples, biodosimetry development has relied heavily on mouse models, which are not directly applicable to human response. Therefore, to explore the feasibility of using non-human primate (NHP) models to build and test a biodosimetry algorithm for use in humans, we irradiated ex vivo peripheral blood samples from both humans and rhesus macaques with doses of 0, 2, 5, 6 and 7 Gy, and compared the gene expression profiles 24 h later using Agilent human microarrays. Among the dose-responsive genes in human and using non-human primate, 52 genes showed highly correlated expression patterns between the species, and were enriched in p53/DNA damage response, apoptosis and cell cycle-related genes. When these interspecies-correlated genes were used to build biodosimetry models with using NHP data, the mean prediction accuracy on non-human primate samples was about 90% within 1 Gy of delivered dose in leave-one-out cross-validation. However, tests on human samples suggested that human gene expression values may need to be adjusted prior to application of the NHP model. A "multi-gene" approach utilizing all gene values for cross-species conversion and applying the converted values on the NHP biodosimetry models, gave a leave-one-out cross-validation prediction accuracy for human samples highly comparable (up to 94%) to that for non-human primates. Overall, this study demonstrates that a robust NHP biodosimetry model can be built using interspecies-correlated genes, and that, by using multiple regression-based cross-species conversion of expression values, absorbed dose in human samples can be accurately predicted by the NHP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin G Park
- a Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostic, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Arizona
| | - Sunirmal Paul
- d Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Natalia Briones
- a Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostic, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Arizona
| | - Jia Zeng
- a Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostic, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Arizona.,b Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Arizona
| | - Kristin Gillis
- a Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostic, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Arizona
| | - Garrick Wallstrom
- a Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostic, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Arizona.,b Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Arizona
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- a Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostic, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Arizona.,c School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona
| | - Sally A Amundson
- d Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
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Differences in DNA Repair Capacity, Cell Death and Transcriptional Response after Irradiation between a Radiosensitive and a Radioresistant Cell Line. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27043. [PMID: 27245205 PMCID: PMC4887990 DOI: 10.1038/srep27043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal tissue toxicity after radiotherapy shows variability between patients, indicating inter-individual differences in radiosensitivity. Genetic variation probably contributes to these differences. The aim of the present study was to determine if two cell lines, one radiosensitive (RS) and another radioresistant (RR), showed differences in DNA repair capacity, cell viability, cell cycle progression and, in turn, if this response could be characterised by a differential gene expression profile at different post-irradiation times. After irradiation, the RS cell line showed a slower rate of γ-H2AX foci disappearance, a higher frequency of incomplete chromosomal aberrations, a reduced cell viability and a longer disturbance of the cell cycle when compared to the RR cell line. Moreover, a greater and prolonged transcriptional response after irradiation was induced in the RS cell line. Functional analysis showed that 24 h after irradiation genes involved in “DNA damage response”, “direct p53 effectors” and apoptosis were still differentially up-regulated in the RS cell line but not in the RR cell line. The two cell lines showed different response to IR and can be distinguished with cell-based assays and differential gene expression analysis. The results emphasise the importance to identify biomarkers of radiosensitivity for tailoring individualized radiotherapy protocols.
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Ishihara H, Tanaka I, Yakumaru H, Tanaka M, Yokochi K, Fukutsu K, Tajima K, Nishimura M, Shimada Y, Akashi M. Quantification of damage due to low-dose radiation exposure in mice: construction and application of a biodosimetric model using mRNA indicators in circulating white blood cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:25-34. [PMID: 26589759 PMCID: PMC4708920 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodosimetry, the measurement of radiation damage in a biologic sample, is a reliable tool for increasing the accuracy of dose estimation. Although established chromosome analyses are suitable for estimating the absorbed dose after high-dose irradiation, biodosimetric methodology to measure damage following low-dose exposure is underdeveloped. RNA analysis of circulating blood containing radiation-sensitive cells is a candidate biodosimetry method. Here we quantified RNA from a small amount of blood isolated from mice following low-dose body irradiation (<0.5 Gy) aimed at developing biodosimetric tools for situations that are difficult to study in humans. By focusing on radiation-sensitive undifferentiated cells in the blood based on Myc RNA expression, we quantified the relative levels of RNA for DNA damage-induced (DDI) genes, such as Bax, Bbc3 and Cdkn1a. The RNA ratios of DDI genes/Myc in the blood increased in a dose-dependent manner 4 h after whole-body irradiation at doses ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 Gy (air-kerma) of X-rays, regardless of whether the mice were in an active or resting state. The RNA ratios were significantly increased after 0.014 Gy (air-kerma) of single X-ray irradiation. The RNA ratios were directly proportional to the absorbed doses in water ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 Gy, based on gamma-irradiation from (137)Cs. Four hours after continuous irradiation with gamma-rays or by internal contamination with a beta-emitter, the increased RNA ratios resembled those following single irradiation. These findings indicate that the RNA status can be utilized as a biodosimetric tool to estimate low-dose radiation when focusing on undifferentiated cells in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishihara
- Research Center for Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Izumi Tanaka
- Research Center for Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Haruko Yakumaru
- Research Center for Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mika Tanaka
- Research Center for Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yokochi
- Research Center for Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kumiko Fukutsu
- Research Center for Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tajima
- Research Center for Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Akashi
- Board, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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16
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Mikhailov VF, Shishkina AA, Vasilyeva IM, Shulenina LV, Raeva NF, Rogozhin EA, Startsev MI, Zasukhina GD, Gromov SP, Alfimov MV. Comparative analysis of natural and synthetic antimutagens as regulators of gene expression in human cells under exposure to ionizing radiation. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279541411009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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X-ray-induced changes in the expression of inflammation-related genes in human peripheral blood. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19516-34. [PMID: 25350114 PMCID: PMC4264126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, we explored and compared the expression changes of inflammation-related genes in human peripheral blood irradiated with 0.5, 3, and 10 Gy doses of X-rays 24 h after exposure. Results indicated that the expression of 62 out of 84 genes was significantly altered after X-ray radiation. Among these 62 genes, 35 (such as TNFSF4) are known to be associated with radiation response, but others are novel. At a low radiation dose (0.5 Gy), 9 genes were up-regulated and 19 were down-regulated. With further increased dose to 3 Gy, 8 unique genes were up-regulated and 19 genes were down-regulated. We also identified 48 different genes that were differentially expressed significantly after 10 Gy of irradiation, and among these transcripts, up-regulated genes accounted for only one-third (16 genes) of the total. Of the 62 genes, 31 were significantly altered only at a specific dose, and a total of 10 genes were significantly expressed at all 3 doses. The dose- and time-dependent expression of CCL2 was confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR. A number of candidate genes reported herein may be useful molecular biomarkers of radiation exposure in human peripheral blood.
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18
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Liu QJ, Zhang DQ, Zhang QZ, Feng JB, Lu X, Wang XR, Li KP, Chen DQ, Mu XF, Li S, Gao L. Dose-effect of ionizing radiation-inducedPIG3gene expression alteration in human lymphoblastoid AHH-1 cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 91:71-80. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.938374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Yan LB, Shi K, Bing ZT, Sun YL, Shen Y. Proteomic analysis of energy metabolism and signal transduction in irradiated melanoma cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:286-94. [PMID: 23826520 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze proteomic and signal transduction alterations in irradiated melanoma cells. METHODS We combined stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) with highly sensitive shotgun tandem mass spectrometry (MS) to create an efficient approach for protein quantification. Protein-protein interaction was used to analyze relationships among proteins. RESULTS Energy metabolism protein levels were significantly different in glycolysis and not significantly different in oxidative phosphorylation after irradiation. Conversely, tumor suppressor proteins related to cell growth and development were downregulated, and those related to cell death and cell cycle were upregulated in irradiated cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that irradiation induces differential expression of the 29 identified proteins closely related to cell survival, cell cycle arrest, and growth inhibition. The data may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma and guide appropriate radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Bin Yan
- Department of Surgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
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20
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Omaruddin RA, Roland TA, Wallace HJ, Chaudhry MA. Gene expression as a biomarker for human radiation exposure. Hum Cell 2013; 26:2-7. [PMID: 23446844 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-013-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Accidental exposure to ionizing radiation can be unforeseen, rapid, and devastating. The detonation of a radiological device leading to such an exposure can be detrimental to the exposed population. The radiation-induced damage may manifest as acute effects that can be detected clinically or may be more subtle effects that can lead to long-term radiation-induced abnormalities. Accurate identification of the individuals exposed to radiation is challenging. The availability of a rapid and effective screening test that could be used as a biomarker of radiation exposure detection is mandatory. We tested the suitability of alterations in gene expression to serve as a biomarker of human radiation exposure. To develop a useful gene expression biomonitor, however, gene expression changes occurring in response to irradiation in vivo must be measured directly. Patients undergoing radiation therapy provide a suitable test population for this purpose. We examined the expression of CC3, MADH7, and SEC PRO in blood samples of these patients before and after radiotherapy to measure the in vivo response. The gene expression after ionizing radiation treatment varied among different patients, suggesting the complexity of the response. The expression of the SEC PRO gene was repressed in most of the patients. The MADH7 gene was found to be upregulated in most of the subjects and could serve as a molecular marker of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaica A Omaruddin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, University of Vermont, 302 Rowell Building, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Bong JJ, Kang YM, Shin SC, Choi SJ, Lee KM, Kim HS. Identification of radiation-sensitive expressed genes in the ICR and AKR/J mouse thymus. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:485-94. [PMID: 23444016 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated radiation-sensitive expressed genes (EGs), their signal pathways, and the effects of ionizing radiation in the thymus of ICR and AKR/J mice. Whole-body and relative thymus weights were taken and microarray analyses were done on the thymuses of high-dose-rate (HDR, (137) Cs, 0.8 Gy/min, a single dose of 4.5 Gy) and low-dose-rate (LDR, (137) Cs, 0.7 mGy/h, a cumulative dose of 1.7 Gy) irradiated ICR and AKR/J mice. Gene expression patterns were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The effect of ionizing radiation on thymus cell apoptosis was measured terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP-end labeling (TUNEL). LDR-irradiation increased the mean whole-body weight, but decreased the relative thymus weight of AKR/J mice. Radiation-sensitive EGs were found by comparing HDR- and LDR-irradiated ICR and AKR/J mice. qPCR analysis showed that 12 EGs had dose and dose-rate dependent expression patterns. Gene-network analysis indicated that Ighg, Igh-VJ558, Defb6, Reg3g, and Saa2 may be involved in the immune response, leukocyte migration, and apoptosis. Our data suggest that expression of the HDR (Glut1, Glut4, and PKLR) and LDR radiation-response genes (Ighg and Igh-VJ558) can be dose or dose-rate dependent. There was an increased number of apoptotic cells in HDR-irradiated ICR mice and LDR-irradiated AKR/J mice. Thus, changes of the mean whole-body weight and relative thymus weight, EGs, signal pathways, and the effects of ionizing radiation on the thymus of ICR and AKR/J mice are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jong Bong
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., 388-1, Ssangmun-Dong, Dobong-Gu, Seoul 132-703, Republic of Korea.
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Knops K, Boldt S, Wolkenhauer O, Kriehuber R. Gene expression in low- and high-dose-irradiated human peripheral blood lymphocytes: possible applications for biodosimetry. Radiat Res 2012; 178:304-12. [PMID: 22954392 DOI: 10.1667/rr2913.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of existing biodosimetry methods, we examined dose- and time-dependent gene expression changes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after exposure to low-, medium- and high-dose ionizing radiation and searched for genes suitable for predicting radiation doses in the low-dose range. Additionally, the experiments are intended to provide new insights into the biological effects of exposures to low-, medium- and high-dose radiation. Gene expression analysis using whole human genome DNA microarrays was performed in human blood from six healthy donors irradiated ex vivo with 0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 Gy (γ rays, (137)Cs) at 6, 24 and 48 h after high-dose exposure (0.5-4 Gy), and at 24 and 48 h after low-dose exposures of 0.02 or 0.1 Gy. DNA microarray-based alterations in gene expression were found in a wide dose range in vitro and allowed us to identify nine genes with which low radiation doses could be accurately predicted with a sensitivity of 95.6%. In the low-, medium- and high-dose range, expression alterations increased with increasing dose and time after exposure, and were assigned to different biological processes such as nucleosome assembly, apoptosis and DNA repair response. We conclude from our results that gene expression profiles are suitable for predicting low-dose radiation exposure in a rapid and reliable manner and that acute low-dose exposure, as low as 20 mGy, leads to well-defined physiological responses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Knops
- Radiation Biology Unit, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Boldt S, Knops K, Kriehuber R, Wolkenhauer O. A frequency-based gene selection method to identify robust biomarkers for radiation dose prediction. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:267-76. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.638358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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