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Ghita M, Fernandez-Palomo C, Fukunaga H, Fredericia PM, Schettino G, Bräuer-Krisch E, Butterworth KT, McMahon SJ, Prise KM. Microbeam evolution: from single cell irradiation to pre-clinical studies. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:708-718. [PMID: 29309203 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1425807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review follows the development of microbeam technology from the early days of single cell irradiations, to investigations of specific cellular mechanisms and to the development of new treatment modalities in vivo. A number of microbeam applications are discussed with a focus on pre-clinical modalities and translation towards clinical application. CONCLUSIONS The development of radiation microbeams has been a valuable tool for the exploration of fundamental radiobiological response mechanisms. The strength of micro-irradiation techniques lies in their ability to deliver precise doses of radiation to selected individual cells in vitro or even to target subcellular organelles. These abilities have led to the development of a range of microbeam facilities around the world allowing the delivery of precisely defined beams of charged particles, X-rays, or electrons. In addition, microbeams have acted as mechanistic probes to dissect the underlying molecular events of the DNA damage response following highly localized dose deposition. Further advances in very precise beam delivery have also enabled the transition towards new and exciting therapeutic modalities developed at synchrotrons to deliver radiotherapy using plane parallel microbeams, in Microbeam Radiotherapy (MRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ghita
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | | | - Hisanori Fukunaga
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Pil M Fredericia
- c Centre for Nuclear Technologies , Technical University of Denmark , Roskilde , Denmark
| | | | | | - Karl T Butterworth
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Kevin M Prise
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
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2
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Miller JH, Chrisler WB, Wang X, Sowa MB. Confocal microscopy for modeling electron microbeam irradiation of skin. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2011; 50:365-369. [PMID: 21604000 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-011-0371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
For radiation exposures employing targeted sources such as particle microbeams, the deposition of energy and dose will depend on the spatial heterogeneity of the sample. Although cell structural variations are relatively minor for two-dimensional cell cultures, they can vary significantly for fully differentiated tissues. Employing high-resolution confocal microscopy, we have determined the spatial distribution, size, and shape of epidermal keratinocyte nuclei for the full-thickness EpiDerm™ skin model (MatTek, Ashland, VA). Application of these data to calculate the microdosimetry and microdistribution of energy deposition by an electron microbeam is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Miller
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Tri-Cities, 2710 University Drive, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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Sowa MB, Goetz W, Baulch JE, Lewis AJ, Morgan WF. No evidence for a low linear energy transfer adaptive response in irradiated RKO cells. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2011; 143:311-314. [PMID: 21216730 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident from reports in the literature that there are many confounding factors capable of modulating radiation-induced non-targeted responses, such as the bystander effect and the adaptive response. In this paper, we examine recent data which suggest that the observation of non-targeted responses may not be universally observable for differing radiation qualities. We have conducted a study of the adaptive response following low-linear energy transfer exposures for human colon carcinoma cells and failed to observe adaption for the endpoints of clonogenic survival or micronucleus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Sowa
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO BOX 999, MS J4-02, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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4
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Miller JH, Suleiman A, Chrisler WB, Sowa MB. Simulation of Electron-Beam Irradiation of Skin Tissue Model. Radiat Res 2011; 175:113-8. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2339.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cao Z, Kuhne WW, Steeb J, Merkley MA, Zhou Y, Janata J, Dynan WS. Use of a microscope stage-mounted Nickel-63 microirradiator for real-time observation of the DNA double-strand break response. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:e144. [PMID: 20484377 PMCID: PMC2919731 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells begin to assemble discrete, nucleoplasmic repair foci within seconds after the onset of exposure to ionizing radiation. Real-time imaging of this assembly has the potential to further our understanding of the effects of medical and environmental radiation exposure. Here, we describe a microirradiation system for targeted delivery of ionizing radiation to individual cells without the need for specialized facilities. The system consists of a 25-micron diameter electroplated Nickel-63 electrode, enveloped in a glass capillary and mounted in a micromanipulator. Because of the low energy of the beta radiation and the minute total amount of isotope present on the tip, the device can be safely handled with minimum precautions. We demonstrate the use of this system for tracking assembly of individual repair foci in real time in live U2OS human osteosarcoma cells. Results indicate that there is a subset of foci that appear and disappear rapidly, before a plateau level is reached ∼30 min post-exposure. This subset of foci would not have been evident without real-time observation. The development of a microirradiation system that is compatible with a standard biomedical laboratory expands the potential for real-time investigation of the biological effects of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Sowa MB, Goetz W, Baulch JE, Pyles DN, Dziegielewski J, Yovino S, Snyder AR, de Toledo SM, Azzam EI, Morgan WF. Lack of evidence for low-LET radiation induced bystander response in normal human fibroblasts and colon carcinoma cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:102-13. [PMID: 20148696 DOI: 10.3109/09553000903419957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate radiation-induced bystander responses and to determine the role of gap junction intercellular communication and the radiation environment in propagating this response. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used medium transfer and targeted irradiation to examine radiation-induced bystander effects in primary human fibroblast (AG01522) and human colon carcinoma (RKO36) cells. We examined the effect of variables such as gap junction intercellular communication, linear energy transfer (LET), and the role of the radiation environment in non-targeted responses. Endpoints included clonogenic survival, micronucleus formation and foci formation at histone 2AX over doses ranging from 10-100 cGy. RESULTS The results showed no evidence of a low-LET radiation-induced bystander response for the endpoints of clonogenic survival and induction of DNA damage. Nor did we see evidence of a high-LET, Fe ion radiation (1 GeV/n) induced bystander effect. However, direct comparison for 3.2 MeV alpha-particle exposures showed a statistically significant medium transfer bystander effect for this high-LET radiation. CONCLUSIONS From our results, it is evident that there are many confounding factors influencing bystander responses as reported in the literature. Our observations reflect the inherent variability in biological systems and the difficulties in extrapolating from in vitro models to radiation risks in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne B Sowa
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.
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7
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Schettino G, Al Rashid ST, Prise KM. Radiation microbeams as spatial and temporal probes of subcellular and tissue response. Mutat Res 2010; 704:68-77. [PMID: 20079877 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of ionizing radiations are key to determining their optimal use in therapy and assessing risks from exposure. The development of microbeams where radiations can be delivered in a highly temporal and spatially constrained manner has been a major advance. Several different types of radiation microbeams have been developed using X-rays, charged particles and electrons. For charged particles, beams can be targeted with sub-micron accuracy into biological samples and the lowest possible dose of a single particle track can be delivered with high reproducibility. Microbeams have provided powerful tools for understanding the kinetics of DNA damage and formation under conditions of physiological relevance and have significant advantages over other approaches for producing localized DNA damage, such as variable wavelength laser beam approaches. Recent studies have extended their use to probing for radiosensitive sites outside the cell nucleus, and testing for mechanisms underpinning bystander responses where irradiated and non-irradiated cells communicate with each other. Ongoing developments include the ability to locally target regions of 3D tissue models and ultimately to target localized regions in vivo. With future advances in radiation delivery and imaging microbeams will continue to be applied in a range of biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Schettino
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT97BL, UK
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van Oven C, Krawczyk PM, Stap J, Melo AM, Piazzetta MHO, Gobbi AL, van Veen HA, Verhoeven J, Aten JA. An ultrasoft X-ray multi-microbeam irradiation system for studies of DNA damage responses by fixed- and live-cell fluorescence microscopy. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2009; 38:721-8. [PMID: 19495740 PMCID: PMC2701496 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-009-0472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Localized induction of DNA damage is a valuable tool for studying cellular DNA damage responses. In recent decades, methods have been developed to generate DNA damage using radiation of various types, including photons and charged particles. Here we describe a simple ultrasoft X-ray multi-microbeam system for high dose-rate, localized induction of DNA strand breaks in cells at spatially and geometrically adjustable sites. Our system can be combined with fixed- and live-cell microscopy to study responses of cells to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel van Oven
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Microscopical Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim EH. BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION BY MICROSCOPIC APPROACHES. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.5516/net.2008.40.7.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Bordelon DE, Zhang J, Graboski S, Cox A, Schreiber E, Zhou OZ, Chang S. A nanotube based electron microbeam cellular irradiator for radiobiology research. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:125102. [PMID: 19123587 PMCID: PMC2678784 DOI: 10.1063/1.3043417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A prototype cellular irradiator utilizing a carbon nanotube (CNT) based field emission electron source has been developed for microscopic image-guided cellular region irradiation. The CNT cellular irradiation system has shown great potential to be a high temporal and spatial resolution research tool to enable researchers to gain a better understanding of the intricate cellular and intercellular microprocesses occurring following radiation deposition, which is essential to improving radiotherapy cancer treatment outcomes. In this paper, initial results of the system development are reported. The relationship between field emission current, the dose rate, and the dose distribution has been investigated. A beam size of 23 mum has been achieved with variable dose rates of 1-100 Gy/s, and the system dosimetry has been measured using a radiochromic film. Cell irradiation has been demonstrated by the visualization of H2AX phosphorylation at DNA double-strand break sites following irradiation in a rat fibroblast cell monolayer. The prototype single beam cellular irradiator is a preliminary step to a multipixel cell irradiator that is under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Bordelon
- Curriculum in Applied and Materials Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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11
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Funayama T, Wada S, Yokota Y, Fukamoto K, Sakashita T, Taguchi M, Kakizaki T, Hamada N, Suzuki M, Furusawa Y, Watanabe H, Kiguchi K, Kobayashi Y. Heavy-ion microbeam system at JAEA-Takasaki for microbeam biology. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2008; 49:71-82. [PMID: 18174669 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Research concerning cellular responses to low dose irradiation, radiation-induced bystander effects, and the biological track structure of charged particles has recently received particular attention in the field of radiation biology. Target irradiation employing a microbeam represents a useful means of advancing this research by obviating some of the disadvantages associated with the conventional irradiation strategies. The heavy-ion microbeam system at JAEA-Takasaki, which was planned in 1987 and started in the early 1990's, can provide target irradiation of heavy charged particles to biological material at atmospheric pressure using a minimum beam size 5 mum in diameter. A variety of biological material has been irradiated using this microbeam system including cultured mammalian and higher plant cells, isolated fibers of mouse skeletal muscle, silkworm (Bombyx mori) embryos and larvae, Arabidopsis thaliana roots, and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The system can be applied to the investigation of mechanisms within biological organisms not only in the context of radiation biology, but also in the fields of general biology such as physiology, developmental biology and neurobiology, and should help to establish and contribute to the field of "microbeam biology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Funayama
- Microbeam Radiation Biology Group, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Gunma, Japan.
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Chang S, Zhang J, Bordelon D, Schreiber E, Cox A, Zhou O. Development of a nanotechnology based low-LET multi-microbeam array single cell irradiation system. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2006; 122:323-6. [PMID: 17327240 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncl508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel single cell irradiation system using carbon nanotube (CNT) based field emission technology is proposed. The system can produce electron microbeam at a large range of pulsation frequencies and dose rates with energy between 20 and 60 keV. Different from any existing single beam microbeam device, the CNT-based system can have 10,000 microbeam pixels, each is approximately 10 microm in size and individually controlled. Microscope imaging will be used for targeting cell(s) and the coordinate(s) identification. A single cell or large number of individually selected cells can be simultaneously irradiated under real time microscope observation. This poster reports our preliminary results in the initial stage of the CNT multipixel microbeam array development-prototype single pixel CNT microbeam device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Sowa MB, Kathmann LE, Holben BA, Thrall BD, Kimmel GA. Low-LET Microbeam Investigation of the Track-End Dependence of Electron-Induced Damage in Normal Human Diploid Fibroblasts. Radiat Res 2005; 164:677-9. [PMID: 16238446 DOI: 10.1667/rr3464.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Using a pulsed electron beam, we investigated the dependence of micronucleus formation on the incident electron energy in AG01522 human diploid fibroblasts after nontargeted irradiations at 25 and 80 keV. Examining the dose response, we found that 25 keV electrons are more effective than 80 keV electrons at producing biological damage for a given dose. Our results demonstrating the induction of micronuclei as a function of incident electron energy offer direct support for the hypothesis that the electron track end is responsible for the biological damage occurring in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne B Sowa
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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