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Yun R, Hong E, Kim J, Park B, Kim SJ, Lee B, Song YS, Kim SJ, Park S, Kang JM. N-linked glycosylation is essential for anti-tumor activities of KIAA1324 in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:546. [PMID: 37612293 PMCID: PMC10447535 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
KIAA1324 is a transmembrane protein largely reported as a tumor suppressor and favorable prognosis marker in various cancers, including gastric cancer. In this study, we report the role of N-linked glycosylation in KIAA1324 as a functional post-translational modification (PTM). Loss of N-linked glycosylation eliminated the potential of KIAA1324 to suppress cancer cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KIAA1324 undergoes fucosylation, a modification of the N-glycan mediated by fucosyltransferase, and inhibition of fucosylation also significantly suppressed KIAA1324-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. In addition, KIAA1324-mediated apoptosis and tumor regression were inhibited by the loss of N-linked glycosylation. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis revealed that genes most relevant to the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest pathways were modulated by KIAA1324 with the N-linked glycosylation, and Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) analysis suggested novel targets of KIAA1324 for anti-tumor effects in the transcription level. The N-linked glycosylation blockade decreased protein stability through rapid proteasomal degradation. The non-glycosylated mutant also showed altered localization and lost apoptotic activity that inhibits the interaction between GRP78 and caspase 7. These data demonstrate that N-linked glycosylation of KIAA1324 is essential for the suppressive role of KIAA1324 protein in gastric cancer progression and indicates that KIAA1324 may have anti-tumor effects by targeting cancer-related genes with N-linked glycosylation. In conclusion, our study suggests the PTM of KIAA1324 including N-linked glycosylation and fucosylation is a necessary factor to consider for cancer prognosis and therapy improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Yun
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Hong
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Junil Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Park
- WellSpan York Hospital Family Medicine Residency Program, York, PA, USA
| | - Staci Jakyong Kim
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bona Lee
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea
- Medpacto Inc., Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- GILO Institute, GILO Foundation, Seoul, 06668, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Muk Kang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Miftah H, Naji O, Ssi SA, Ghouzlani A, Lakhdar A, Badou A. NR2F6, a new immune checkpoint that acts as a potential biomarker of immunosuppression and contributes to poor clinical outcome in human glioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139268. [PMID: 37575237 PMCID: PMC10419227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intoroduction Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6 (NR2F6) is a promising checkpoint target for cancer immunotherapy. However, there has been no investigation of NR2F6 in glioma. Our study systematically explored the clinical characteristics and biological functions of NR2F6 in gliomas. Methods We extracted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 663 glioma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as the training cohort and 325 samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) as the validation cohort. We also confirmed the NR2F6 gene expression feature in our own cohort of 60 glioma patients. R language and GraphPad Prism softwares were mainly used for statistical analysis and graphical work. Results We found that NR2F6 was significantly related to high tumor aggressiveness and poor outcomes for glioma patients. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that NR2F6 was associated with many biological processes that are related to glioma progression, such as angiogenesis, and with multiple immune-related functions. Moreover, NR2F6 was found to be significantly correlated with stromal and immune infiltration in gliomas. Subsequent analysis based on Gliomas single-cell sequencing datasets showed that NR2F6 was expressed in immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells. Mechanistically, results suggested that NR2F6 might act as a potential immunosuppression-mediated molecule in the glioma microenvironment through multiple ways, such as the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, M2 polarization of macrophages, in addition to combining with other immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusion Our findings indicated that intracellular targeting of NR2F6 in both immune cells and tumor cells, as well as stromal cells, may represent a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for glioma. Stromal cells, may represent a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Miftah
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Oumayma Naji
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ait Ssi
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amina Ghouzlani
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Lakhdar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center (UHC) Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Research on Neurologic, Neurosensorial Diseases and Handicap, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
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3
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Yang SL, Guan HQ, Yang HB, Chen Y, Huang XY, Chen L, Shen ZF, Wang LX. The expression and biological effect of NR2F6 in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940234. [PMID: 36119482 PMCID: PMC9478584 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the expression and effect of the nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6 (NR2F6) gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and provide an experimental basis for the targeted therapy of NSCLC. Method First, the expression of NR2F6 in lung cancer tissues was analyzed using the Gene Expression Omnibus and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, and the expression of NR2F6 in lung cancer tissues and cells was verified by Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Next, the relationship between NR2F6 expression and the clinicopathological features of lung cancer was analyzed via immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between NR2F6 expression and prognosis was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier Plotter. The influence of NR2F6 knockdown on the proliferation capacity of lung cancer cells was then verified at cell level. Finally, the expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD) in lung cancer tissue was analyzed using the TCGA database and immunohistochemistry. The impact of HNRNPD knockdown on the proliferation capacity of lung cancer cells was verified at cell level, and the relationship between NR2F6 and HNRNPD was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. Results NR2F6 was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells, and its expression was positively correlated with the depth of invasion, lymphatic metastasis, and clinical stage of lung cancer. High expression of NR2F6 in lung cancer was also significantly associated with poor prognosis. At cell level, NR2F6 knockdown was found to inhibit the proliferation of H460 and H358 in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, the TCGA database and immunohistochemical results showed that HNRNPD was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and was highly consistent with NR2F6 expression in these tissues. Knockdown of HNRNPD also inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells. The co-immunoprecipitation experiment verified that NR2F6 interacted with HNRNPD. Conclusion NR2F6 may interact with HNRNPD to jointly regulate the progression of lung cancer, and this conclusion provides a new experimental basis for the study of the molecular targeted therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huan qin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao ying Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi fa Shen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liang xing Wang, ; Zhi fa Shen,
| | - Liang xing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liang xing Wang, ; Zhi fa Shen,
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4
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Zarei M, Shrestha R, Johnson S, Yu Z, Karki K, Vaziri-Gohar A, Epps J, Du H, Suva L, Zarei M, Safe S. Nuclear Receptor 4A2 (NR4A2/NURR1) Regulates Autophagy and Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:65-78. [PMID: 35582016 PMCID: PMC9109828 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis and chemotherapy with gemcitabine has limited effects and is associated with development of drug resistance. Treatment of Panc1 and MiaPaca2 pancreatic cancer cells with gemcitabine induced expression of the orphan nuclear receptor 4A2 (NURR1) and analysis of the cancer genome atlas indicated the NURR1 is overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and is a negative prognostic factor for patient survival. Results of NURR1 knockdown or treatment with the NURR1 antagonist 1,1-bis(3΄-indolyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)methane (C-DIM 12) demonstrated that NURR1 was pro-oncogenic in pancreatic cancer cells and regulated cancer cell and tumor growth and survival. NURR1 is induced by gemcitabine and serves as a key drug-resistance factor and is also required for gemcitabine-induced cytoprotective autophagy. NURR1 regulated genes were determined by RNA sequencing of mRNAs expressed in MiaPaCa2 cells expressing NURR1 and in CRISPR/Cas9 gene edited cells for NURR1 knockdown and KEGG enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that autophagy was the major pathway regulated by NURR1. Moreover, NURR1 regulated expression of two major autophagic genes ATG7 and ATG12 which are also overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and like NURR1 are negative prognostic factors for patient survival. Thus, gemcitabine-induced cytoprotective autophagy is due to the NURR1 - ATG7/ATG12 axis and this can be targeted and disrupted by NURR1 antagonist C-DIM12 demonstrating the potential clinical applications for combination therapies with gemcitabine and NURR1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Zarei
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals; Case Western University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Rupesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Sneha Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Zuhua Yu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China, P.R
| | - Keshav Karki
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ali Vaziri-Gohar
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals; Case Western University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jessica Epps
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Larry Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Mahsa Zarei
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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5
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Baumgarten N, Schmidt F, Wegner M, Hebel M, Kaulich M, Schulz MH. Computational prediction of CRISPR-impaired non-coding regulatory regions. Biol Chem 2021; 402:973-982. [PMID: 33660495 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide CRISPR screens are becoming more widespread and allow the simultaneous interrogation of thousands of genomic regions. Although recent progress has been made in the analysis of CRISPR screens, it is still an open problem how to interpret CRISPR mutations in non-coding regions of the genome. Most of the tools concentrate on the interpretation of mutations introduced in gene coding regions. We introduce a computational pipeline that uses epigenomic information about regulatory elements for the interpretation of CRISPR mutations in non-coding regions. We illustrate our analysis protocol on the analysis of a genome-wide CRISPR screen in hTERT-RPE1 cells and reveal novel regulatory elements that mediate chemoresistance against doxorubicin in these cells. We infer links to established and to novel chemoresistance genes. Our analysis protocol is general and can be applied on any cell type and with different CRISPR enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Baumgarten
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhein-Main, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence MMCI, Saarland University, and Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, 66123Saarbrücken, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Schmidt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhein-Main, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence MMCI, Saarland University, and Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, 66123Saarbrücken, Germany.,Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marie Hebel
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhein-Main, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence MMCI, Saarland University, and Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, 66123Saarbrücken, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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6
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Engin AB, Engin A. The effect of environmental Bisphenol A exposure on breast cancer associated with obesity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:103544. [PMID: 33161112 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used endocrine disrupter. Its environmental exposure is a causative factor of cell aging via decreasing telomerase activity, thus leading to shortening of telomere length. Epidemiological studies confirm positive associations between BPA exposure and the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Increased urinary BPA levels in obese females are both significantly correlated with shorter relative telomere length and T2DM. BPA is a critically effective endocrine disrupter leading to poor prognosis via the obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis in breast cancer. Environmental BPA exposure contributes to the progression of both estrogen dependent and triple negative breast cancers. BPA is a positive regulator of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and it increases the expression of hTERT mRNA in breast cancer cells. BPA exposure can lead to tamoxifen resistance. Among patients treated with chemotherapy, those with persistent high telomerase activity due to BPA are at higher risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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De Vitto H, Ryu J, Calderon-Aparicio A, Monts J, Dey R, Chakraborty A, Lee MH, Bode AM, Dong Z. Estrogen-related receptor alpha directly binds to p53 and cooperatively controls colon cancer growth through the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:28. [PMID: 33303020 PMCID: PMC7731476 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the genes that control mitochondrial biogenesis and function, ERRα emerges as a druggable metabolic target to be exploited for cancer therapy. Of the genes mutated in cancer, TP53 remains the most elusive to target. A clear understanding of how mitochondrial druggable targets can be accessed to exploit the underlying mechanism(s) explaining how p53-deficient tumors promote cell survival remains elusive. METHODS We performed protein-protein interaction studies to demonstrate that ERRα binds to p53. Moreover, we used gene silencing and pharmacological approaches in tandem with quantitative proteomics analysis by SWATH-MS to investigate the role of the ERRα/p53 complex in mitochondrial biogenesis and function in colon cancer. Finally, we designed in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the possibility of targeting colon cancers that exhibit defects in p53. RESULTS Here, we are the first to identify a direct protein-protein interaction between the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of ERRα and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of p53. ERRα binds to p53 regardless of p53 mutational status. Furthermore, we show that the ERRα and p53 complex cooperatively control mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Targeting ERRα creates mitochondrial metabolic stresses, such as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP), leading to a greater cytotoxic effect that is dependent on the presence of p53. Pharmacological inhibition of ERRα impairs the growth of p53-deficient cells and of p53 mutant patient-derived colon xenografts (PDX). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our data suggest that by using the status of the p53 protein as a selection criterion, the ERRα/p53 transcriptional axis can be exploited as a metabolic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto De Vitto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, 55912, USA
| | - Joohyun Ryu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, 55912, USA
| | - Ali Calderon-Aparicio
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, 55912, USA
| | - Josh Monts
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, 55912, USA
| | - Raja Dey
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, 55912, USA
| | - Abhijit Chakraborty
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, 55912, USA
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, 40 North Road, 27 District University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, 55912, USA.
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, 40 North Road, 27 District University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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8
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Han L, Huang C, Zhang S. The RNA-binding protein SORBS2 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma tumourigenesis and metastasis by stabilizing RORA mRNA. Liver Int 2019; 39:2190-2203. [PMID: 31365778 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have revealed that dysregulation of RNA-binding protein (RBP) expression is causally linked with human cancer tumourigenesis. However, the detailed biological effect and underlying mechanisms of most RBPs remain unclear. METHODS Expression of sorbin and SH3 domain-containing 2 (SORBS2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was detected by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry assay and Western blot assay. Proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle progression of HCC cells were measured by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, colony-forming assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry assay respectively. A xenograft model and metastatic model were established to evaluate the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells in vivo. Western blot assays were performed to assess the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and pull-down assay elucidated the effect of SORBS2 on one of its downstream genes. RESULTS The expression of SORBS2 was significantly decreased in HCC and was associated with metastasis, advanced TNM clinical stage and poor clinical outcome of HCC patients. Furthermore, our results suggested that SORBS2 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we revealed that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (RORA) was a major target of SORBS2 and was critical to sustaining the antitumour effect of SORBS2 on HCC cells. SORBS2 reduced RORA mRNA degradation by directly binding to the 3'UTR of RORA mRNA. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found for the first time that SORBS2 contributed to the suppression of HCC tumourigenesis and metastasis via post-transcriptional regulation of RORA expression as an RBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Han
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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9
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De Vitto H, Bode AM, Dong Z. The PGC-1/ERR network and its role in precision oncology. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:9. [PMID: 30911677 PMCID: PMC6428848 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulators include a superfamily of nuclear proteins referred to as co-activators and co-repressors, both of which are involved in controlling the functions of several nuclear receptors (NRs). The Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA) has cataloged the composition of NRs, co-regulators, and ligands present in the human cell and their effort has been identified in more than 600 potential molecules. Given the importance of co-regulators in steroid, retinoid, and thyroid hormone signaling networks, hypothesizing that NRs/co-regulators are implicated in a wide range of pathologies are tempting. The co-activators known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1) and their key nuclear partner, the estrogen-related receptor (ERR), are emerging as pivotal transcriptional signatures that regulate an extremely broad repertoire of mitochondrial and metabolic genes, making them very attractive drug targets for cancer. Several studies have provided an increased understanding of the functional and structural biology of nuclear complexes. However, more comprehensive work is needed to create different avenues to explore the therapeutic potential of NRs/co-activators in precision oncology. Here, we discuss the emerging data associated with the structure, function, and molecular biology of the PGC-1/ERR network and address how the concepts evolving from these studies have deepened our understanding of how to develop more effective treatment strategies. We present an overview that underscores new biological insights into PGC-1/ERR to improve cancer outcomes against therapeutic resistance. Finally, we discuss the importance of exploiting new technologies such as single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to develop a high-resolution biological structure of PGC-1/ERR, focusing on novel drug discovery for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto De Vitto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, Austin, NE 55912 USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, Austin, NE 55912 USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, Austin, NE 55912 USA
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10
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Zheng X, Wu K, Liao S, Pan Y, Sun Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xia S, Hu Y, Zhang J. MicroRNA-transcription factor network analysis reveals miRNAs cooperatively suppress RORA in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:79. [PMID: 30293994 PMCID: PMC6174157 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents over 90% of oral cancer incidence, while its mechanisms of tumorigenesis remain poorly characterized. In this study, we applied RNA-seq and microRNA-seq methodologies in four pairs of cancer and adjacent normal tissues to profile the contribution of miRNAs to tumorigenesis-altered functional pathways by constructing a comprehensive miRNA-mediated mRNA regulatory network. There were 213 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and 2172 DE mRNAs with the involvement of negative miRNA-mRNA interactions identified by at least two pairs of cancerous tissues. GO analysis revealed that the upregulated microRNAs significantly contributed to a global down-regulation of a number of transcription factors (TFs) in OSCC. Among the negative regulatory networks between the selected miRNAs (133) and TFs (167), circadian rhythm genes (RORA, RORB, RORC, and CLOCK) simultaneously regulated by multiple microRNAs were of particular interest. For instance, RORA transcript was predicted to be targeted by 25 co-upregulated miRNAs, of which, miR-503-5p, miR-450b-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-181a-5p and miR-183-5p were further validated to directly target RORA, resulting in a stronger effect on RORA suppression together. In addition, we showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of RORα were significantly decreased in most OSCC samples, associated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis. RORα significantly suppressed the proliferation of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Attenuated RORα decreased p53 protein expression and suppressed p53 phosphorylation activity. Altogether, our results strongly suggest the importance of the role of miRNAs in regulating the activity of circadian rhythm-related TFs network during OSCC tumorigenesis, and provide further clues to understand the clinical link between circadian rhythm and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejing Wu
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
| | - Shengjie Liao
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China.,Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
| | - Yuemei Pan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinming Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China.,Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
| | - Shu Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaying Hu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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11
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Orphan Nuclear Receptors in Colorectal Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:815-819. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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13
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Luo C, Balsa E, Thomas A, Hatting M, Jedrychowski M, Gygi SP, Widlund HR, Puigserver P. ERRα Maintains Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism and Constitutes an Actionable Target in PGC1α-Elevated Melanomas. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1366-1375. [PMID: 28596418 PMCID: PMC5954239 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The uncontrolled growth of tumors provides metabolic dependencies that can be harnessed for therapeutic benefit. Although tumor cells exhibit these increased metabolic demands due to their rapid proliferation, these metabolic processes are general to all cells, and furthermore, targeted therapeutic intervention can provoke compensatory adaptation that alters tumors' characteristics. As an example, a subset of melanomas depends on the transcriptional coactivator PGC1α function to sustain their mitochondrial energy-dependent survival. However, selective outgrowth of resistant PGC1α-independent tumor cells becomes endowed with an augmented metastatic phenotype. To find PGC1α-dependent components that would not affect metastasis in melanomas, an unbiased proteomic analyses was performed and uncovered the orphan nuclear receptor ERRα, which supports PGC1α's control of mitochondrial energetic metabolism, but does not affect the antioxidant nor antimetastatic regulatory roles. Specifically, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of ERRα reduces the inherent bioenergetic capacity and decreases melanoma cell growth, but without altering the invasive characteristics. Thus, within this particularly aggressive subset of melanomas, which is characterized by heighted expression of PGC1α, ERRα specifically mediates prosurvival functions and represents a tangible therapeutic target.Implications: ERRα, a druggable protein, mediates the bioenergetic effects in melanomas defined by high PGC1α expression, suggesting a rational means for therapeutic targeting of this particularly aggressive melanoma subtype. Mol Cancer Res; 15(10); 1366-75. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Luo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eduardo Balsa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ajith Thomas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maximilian Hatting
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hans R Widlund
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Gray JM, Rasanayagam S, Engel C, Rizzo J. State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment. Environ Health 2017; 16:94. [PMID: 28865460 PMCID: PMC5581466 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this review, we examine the continually expanding and increasingly compelling data linking radiation and various chemicals in our environment to the current high incidence of breast cancer. Singly and in combination, these toxicants may have contributed significantly to the increasing rates of breast cancer observed over the past several decades. Exposures early in development from gestation through adolescence and early adulthood are particularly of concern as they re-shape the program of genetic, epigenetic and physiological processes in the developing mammary system, leading to an increased risk for developing breast cancer. In the 8 years since we last published a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, hundreds of new papers have appeared supporting this link, and in this update, the evidence on this topic is more extensive and of better quality than that previously available. CONCLUSION Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies, as well as a better understanding of mechanisms linking toxicants with development of breast cancer, all reinforce the conclusion that exposures to these substances - many of which are found in common, everyday products and byproducts - may lead to increased risk of developing breast cancer. Moving forward, attention to methodological limitations, especially in relevant epidemiological and animal models, will need to be addressed to allow clearer and more direct connections to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Gray
- Department of Psychology and Program in Science, Technology, and Society, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604-0246 USA
| | - Sharima Rasanayagam
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Connie Engel
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Jeanne Rizzo
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
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15
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Ji L, Gong C, Ge L, Song L, Chen F, Jin C, Zhu H, Zhou G. Orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 as a potential novel marker for progression in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:551-559. [PMID: 28352330 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor related-1 protein (Nurr1) is a novel orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily (the NR4A family) involved in tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and possible function of Nurr1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The expression pattern of Nurr1 protein was determined using immunohistochemical staining in 138 patients with PDAC. Elevated Nurr1 expression was more commonly observed in PDAC tissues and cell lines compared with healthy controls. Elevated expression was significantly associated with histological differentiation (P=0.041), lymph node metastasis (P=0.021), TNM classification of malignant tumors stage (P=0.031) and poor survival (P=0.001). Further experiments demonstrated that suppression of endogenous Nurr1 expression attenuated cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis of PDAC cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that Nurr1 has an important role in the progression of PDAC and may be used as a novel marker for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
| | - Liangyu Ge
- Department of Stomatology, XuZhou Central Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Linping Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Fenfen Chen
- Surgical Comprehensive Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chunjing Jin
- Surgical Comprehensive Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Surgical Comprehensive Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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16
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Jin HS, Kim TS, Jo EK. Emerging roles of orphan nuclear receptors in regulation of innate immunity. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1491-1502. [PMID: 27699647 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity constitutes the first line of defense against pathogenic and dangerous insults. However, it is a double-edged sword, as it functions in both clearance of infection and inflammatory damage. It is therefore important that innate immune responses are tightly controlled to prevent harmful excessive inflammation. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of transcription factors that play critical roles in various physiological responses. Orphan NRs are a subset of NRs for which the ligands and functions are unclear. Accumulating evidence has revealed that orphan NRs play essential roles in innate immune responses to prevent pathogenic inflammatory responses and to enhance antimicrobial host defenses. In this review, we describe current knowledge on the roles and mechanisms of orphan NRs in the regulation of innate immune responses. Discovery of new functions of orphan NRs would facilitate development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies against human inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sun Jin
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jungku, Daejeon, 301-747, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jungku, Daejeon, 301-747, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jungku, Daejeon, 301-747, South Korea.
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17
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Lin ML, Patel H, Remenyi J, Banerji CRS, Lai CF, Periyasamy M, Lombardo Y, Busonero C, Ottaviani S, Passey A, Quinlan PR, Purdie CA, Jordan LB, Thompson AM, Finn RS, Rueda OM, Caldas C, Gil J, Coombes RC, Fuller-Pace FV, Teschendorff AE, Buluwela L, Ali S. Expression profiling of nuclear receptors in breast cancer identifies TLX as a mediator of growth and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21685-703. [PMID: 26280373 PMCID: PMC4673296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nuclear Receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors comprises 48 members, several of which have been implicated in breast cancer. Most important is estrogen receptor-α (ERα), which is a key therapeutic target. ERα action is facilitated by co-operativity with other NR and there is evidence that ERα function may be recapitulated by other NRs in ERα-negative breast cancer. In order to examine the inter-relationships between nuclear receptors, and to obtain evidence for previously unsuspected roles for any NRs, we undertook quantitative RT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis to examine their expression in breast cancer. While most NRs were expressed, bioinformatic analyses differentiated tumours into distinct prognostic groups that were validated by analyzing public microarray data sets. Although ERα and progesterone receptor were dominant in distinguishing prognostic groups, other NR strengthened these groups. Clustering analysis identified several family members with potential importance in breast cancer. Specifically, RORγ is identified as being co-expressed with ERα, whilst several NRs are preferentially expressed in ERα-negative disease, with TLX expression being prognostic in this subtype. Functional studies demonstrated the importance of TLX in regulating growth and invasion in ERα-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lay Lin
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hetal Patel
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Judit Remenyi
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Christopher R S Banerji
- Statistical Genomics Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Centre of Mathematics and Physics in Life & Experimental Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chun-Fui Lai
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ylenia Lombardo
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Busonero
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Ottaviani
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alun Passey
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philip R Quinlan
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Clinical Research Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Colin A Purdie
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Clinical Research Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Lee B Jordan
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Clinical Research Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jesus Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Frances V Fuller-Pace
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew E Teschendorff
- Statistical Genomics Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Centre of Mathematics and Physics in Life & Experimental Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laki Buluwela
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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18
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Song H, Zhang T, Yang P, Li M, Yang Y, Wang Y, Du J, Pan K, Zhang K. Low doses of bisphenol A stimulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells via ERK1/2/ERRγ signals. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:521-8. [PMID: 26363202 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects and mechanisms of bisphenol A (BPA) on the development of breast cancer are still not well illustrated. The present study revealed that nanomolar BPA significantly promoted the proliferation of both estrogen receptor (ER) positive (MCF-7) and negative (SkBr3) breast cancer cells, which was confirmed by up regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Bcl-2. Neither ERα nor G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediated this effect of BPA because their inhibitors had no effect on the BPA induced cell proliferation. However, silencing of estrogen related receptor gamma (ERRγ) by its specific siRNA significantly abolished BPA induced proliferation of breast cancer cells, while si-ERRα had no similar effect. Moreover, nanomolar BPA up regulated the mRNA and protein levels of ERRγ and triggered its nuclear translocation via a time dependent manner. Further studies revealed that 10(-8)M BPA obviously increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, while had no similar effect on the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK. Further, PD 98059, the inhibitor of ERK1/2, significantly abolished the BPA induced up regulation of ERRγ and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Collectively, our results revealed that nanomolar BPA can trigger the proliferation of breast cancer cells via ERK1/2/ERRγ signals. Given that nanomolar BPA has been widely detected in human tissues, the clinical relevance of BPA and breast cancer progression should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Song
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Center of Science and Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kejian Pan
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
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19
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The Major Prognostic Features of Nuclear Receptor NR5A2 in Infiltrating Ductal Breast Carcinomas. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:403576. [PMID: 26366408 PMCID: PMC4561099 DOI: 10.1155/2015/403576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Gene expression profiles of 181 breast cancer samples were analyzed to identify prognostic features of nuclear receptors NR5A1 and NR5A2 based upon their associated transcriptional networks. Methods. A supervised network analysis approach was used to build the NR5A-mediated transcriptional regulatory network. Other bioinformatic tools and statistical methods were utilized to confirm and extend results from the network analysis methodology. Results. NR5A2 expression is a negative factor in breast cancer prognosis in both ER(-) and ER(-)/ER(+) mixed cohorts. The clinical and cohort significance of NR5A2-mediated transcriptional activities indicates that it may have a significant role in attenuating grade development and cancer related signal transduction pathways. NR5A2 signature that conditions poor prognosis was identified based upon results from 15 distinct probes. Alternatively, the expression of NR5A1 predicts favorable prognosis when concurrent NR5A2 expression is low. A favorable signature of eight transcription factors mediated by NR5A1 was also identified. Conclusions. Correlation of poor prognosis and NR5A2 activity is identified by NR5A2-mediated 15-gene signature. NR5A2 may be a potential drug target for treating a subset of breast cancer tumors across breast cancer subtypes, especially ER(-) breast tumors. The favorable prognostic feature of NR5A1 is predicted by NR5A1-mediated 8-gene signature.
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20
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Madhavan S, Gusev Y, Singh S, Riggins RB. ERRγ target genes are poor prognostic factors in Tamoxifen-treated breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:45. [PMID: 25971350 PMCID: PMC4436109 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-third of estrogen (ER+) and/or progesterone receptor-positive (PGR+) breast tumors treated with Tamoxifen (TAM) do not respond to initial treatment, and the remaining 70% are at risk to relapse in the future. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG, ERRγ) is an orphan nuclear receptor with broad, structural similarities to classical ER that is widely implicated in the transcriptional regulation of energy homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated that ERRγ induces resistance to TAM in ER+ breast cancer models, and that the receptor's transcriptional activity is modified by activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway. We hypothesize that hyper-activation or over-expression of ERRγ induces a pro-survival transcriptional program that impairs the ability of TAM to inhibit the growth of ER+ breast cancer. The goal of the present study is to determine whether ERRγ target genes are associated with reduced distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in ER+ breast cancer treated with TAM. METHODS Raw gene expression data was obtained from 3 publicly available breast cancer clinical studies of women with ER+ breast cancer who received TAM as their sole endocrine therapy. ERRγ target genes were selected from 2 studies that published validated chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses of ERRγ promoter occupancy. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to determine the association of ERRγ target genes with DMFS, and selected genes were validated in ER+, MCF7 breast cancer cells that express exogenous ERRγ. RESULTS Thirty-seven validated receptor target genes were statistically significantly altered in women who experienced a DM within 5 years, and could classify several independent studies into poor vs. good DMFS. Two genes (EEF1A2 and PPIF) could similarly separate ER+, TAM-treated breast tumors by DMFS, and their protein levels were measured in an ER+ breast cancer cell line model with exogenous ERRγ. Finally, expression of ERRγ and these two target genes are elevated in models of ER+ breast cancer with hyperactivation of ERK/MAPK. CONCLUSIONS ERRγ signaling is associated with poor DMFS in ER+, TAM-treated breast cancer, and ESRRG, EEF1A2, and PPIF comprise a 3-gene signaling node that may contribute to TAM resistance in the context of an active ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Madhavan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Salendra Singh
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Rebecca B Riggins
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
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21
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Cytoplasmic PELP1 and ERRgamma protect human mammary epithelial cells from Tam-induced cell death. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121206. [PMID: 25789479 PMCID: PMC4366195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (Tam) is the only FDA-approved chemoprevention agent for pre-menopausal women at high risk for developing breast cancer. While Tam reduces a woman's risk of developing estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, the molecular mechanisms associated with risk reduction are poorly understood. Prior studies have shown that cytoplasmic proline, glutamic acid and leucine rich protein 1 (PELP1) promotes Tam resistance in breast cancer cell lines. Herein, we tested for PELP1 localization in breast epithelial cells from women at high risk for developing breast cancer and found that PELP1 was localized to the cytoplasm in 36% of samples. In vitro, immortalized HMECs expressing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) mutant of PELP1 (PELP1-cyto) were resistant to Tam-induced death. Furthermore, PELP1-cyto signaling through estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) promoted cell survival in the presence of Tam. Overexpression of ERRγ in immortalized HMECs protected cells from Tam-induced death, while knockdown of ERRγ sensitized PELP1-cyto expressing HMECs to Tam. Moreover, Tam-induced HMEC cell death was independent of apoptosis and involved accumulation of the autophagy marker LC3-II. Expression of PELP1-cyto and ERRγ reduced Tam-induced LC3-II accumulation, and knockdown of ERRγ increased LC3-II levels in response to Tam. Additionally, PELP1-cyto expression led to the upregulation of MMP-3 and MAOB, known PELP1 and ERRγ target genes, respectively. Our data indicate that cytoplasmic PELP1 induces signaling pathways that converge on ERRγ to promote cell survival in the presence of Tam. These data suggest that PELP1 localization and/or ERRγ activation could be developed as tissue biomarkers for Tam responsiveness.
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22
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Wang X, Li S. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing predicts p300 binding sites in the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:973-8. [PMID: 25625638 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the distribution characters of p300 binding sites in estradiol (E2) stimulated MCF7 cell lines and controls, and to study the roles of transcriptional coactivator p300 in the tumorigenesis and progression of various human cancers following E2 stimulation. The chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing data of GSES9623 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including breast cancer data of GSM986085 and control data of GSM986087. MACS peak‑calling software was employed to identify the p300‑bound sites in the two groups. The differential target genes of p300‑bound sites were further analyzed and the concordant factors were predicted. The Gene Ontology (GO) was used to conduct functional enrichment analysis. There were 32,249 p300 binding sites identified in the E2 stimulation group and 43,156 in the control group. GO enrichment analysis of the target genes showed that p300‑regulated target genes mainly participated in the neural cell differentiation‑associated biology process; while in the E2 stimulation group, partial functions of the target genes had changed. A total of 24,899 differential p300‑bound sites of the two groups were identified and GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that E2 stimulation changed p300 binding sites, but did not influence the regulatory function of p300. The effect of E2 in the MCF7 cells suggested that E2 affected the binding affinity of DNA and transcription factors in a large scale. By analyzing the concordant factors, several important factors were discovered, such as BRCA1 and ESR1. Overall, the results of the present study suggested an association between p300 and carcinogenic genes. This may provide theoretical guidance for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiemei Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Tumor Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shaolin Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Tumor Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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23
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Heckler MM, Thakor H, Schafer CC, Riggins RB. ERK/MAPK regulates ERRγ expression, transcriptional activity and receptor-mediated tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer. FEBS J 2014; 281:2431-42. [PMID: 24684682 PMCID: PMC4079056 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen (TAM) significantly improve breast cancer-specific survival for women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) disease. However, resistance to TAM remains a major clinical problem. The resistant phenotype is usually not driven by loss or mutation of the estrogen receptor; instead, changes in multiple proliferative and/or survival pathways over-ride the inhibitory effects of TAM. Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that promotes TAM resistance in ER+ breast cancer cells. This study sought to clarify the mechanism(s) by which this orphan nuclear receptor is regulated, and hence affects TAM resistance. mRNA and protein expression/phosphorylation were monitored by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to disrupt consensus extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) target sites. Cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression were measured by flow cytometric methods. ERRγ transcriptional activity was assessed by dual-luciferase promoter-reporter assays. We show that ERRγ protein levels are affected by the activation state of ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase, and mutation of consensus ERK target sites impairs ERRγ-driven transcriptional activity and TAM resistance. These findings shed new light on the functional significance of ERRγ in ER+ breast cancer, and are the first to demonstrate a role for kinase regulation of this orphan nuclear receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/chemistry
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Mazzotta Heckler
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, E412 NRB, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Hemang Thakor
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, E412 NRB, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Cara C. Schafer
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, E412 NRB, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Rebecca B. Riggins
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, E412 NRB, Washington, DC 20057
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Sengupta D, Bhargava DK, Dixit A, Sahoo BS, Biswas S, Biswas G, Mishra SK. ERRβ signalling through FST and BCAS2 inhibits cellular proliferation in breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2144-58. [PMID: 24667650 PMCID: PMC3992508 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The overexpression of oestrogen-related receptor-β (ERRβ) in breast cancer patients is correlated with improved prognosis and longer relapse-free survival, and the level of ERRβ mRNA is inversely correlated with the S-phase fraction of cells from breast cancer patients. Methods: Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) cloning of ERRβ transcriptional targets and gel supershift assays identified breast cancer amplified sequence 2 (BCAS2) and Follistatin (FST) as two important downstream genes that help to regulate tumourigenesis. Confocal microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP), western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the involvement of ERRβ in oestrogen signalling. Results: Overexpressed ERRβ induced FST-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells, and E-cadherin expression was also enhanced through upregulation of FST. However, this anti-proliferative signalling function was challenged by ERRβ-mediated BCAS2 upregulation, which inhibited FST transcription through the downregulation of β-catenin/TCF4 recruitment to the FST promoter. Interestingly, ERRβ-mediated upregulation of BCAS2 downregulated the major G1-S transition marker cyclin D1, despite the predictable oncogenic properties of BCAS2. Interpretation: Our study provides the first evidence that ERRβ, which is a coregulator of ERα also acts as a potential tumour-suppressor molecule in breast cancer. Our current report also provides novel insights into the entire cascade of ERRβ signalling events, which may lead to BCAS2-mediated blockage of the G1/S transition and inhibition of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition through FST-mediated regulation of E-cadherin. Importantly, matrix metalloprotease 7, which is a classical mediator of metastasis and E-cadherin cleavage, was also restricted as a result of ERRβ-mediated FST overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sengupta
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences (an Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - D K Bhargava
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences (an Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - A Dixit
- Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Translational Research and Technology Development, Institute of Life Sciences (an Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - B S Sahoo
- Confocal Microscopic Facility, Institute of Life Sciences (an Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - S Biswas
- Department of Pathology, Sparsh Hospitals and Critical Care, A/407, Saheed Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751007, India
| | - G Biswas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sparsh Hospitals and Critical Care, A/407, Saheed Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751007, India
| | - S K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences (an Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
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Safe S, Jin UH, Hedrick E, Reeder A, Lee SO. Minireview: role of orphan nuclear receptors in cancer and potential as drug targets. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 28:157-72. [PMID: 24295738 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear orphan receptors for which endogenous ligands have not been identified include nuclear receptor (NR)0B1 (adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on chromosome X gene), NR0B2 (small heterodimer partner), NR1D1/2 (Rev-Erbα/β), NR2C1 (testicular receptor 2), NR2C2 (testicular receptor 4), NR2E1 (tailless), NR2E3 (photoreceptor-specific NR [PNR]), NR2F1 chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor 1 (COUP-TFI), NR2F2 (COUP-TFII), NR2F6 (v-erbA-related protein), NR4A1 (Nur77), NR4A2 (Nurr1), NR4A3 (Nor1), and NR6A1 (GCNF). These receptors play essential roles in development, cellular homeostasis, and disease including cancer where over- or underexpression of some receptors has prognostic significance for patient survival. Results of receptor knockdown or overexpression in vivo and in cancer cell lines demonstrate that orphan receptors exhibit tumor-specific pro-oncogenic or tumor suppressor-like activity. For example, COUP-TFII expression is both a positive (ovarian) and negative (prostate and breast) prognostic factor for cancer patients; in contrast, the prognostic activity of adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on chromosome X gene for the same tumors is the inverse of COUP-TFII. Functional studies show that Nur77 is tumor suppressor like in acute leukemia, whereas silencing Nur77 in pancreatic, colon, lung, lymphoma, melanoma, cervical, ovarian, gastric, and some breast cancer cell lines induces one or more of several responses including growth inhibition and decreased survival, migration, and invasion. Although endogenous ligands for the orphan receptors have not been identified, there is increasing evidence that different structural classes of compounds activate, inactivate, and directly bind several orphan receptors. Thus, the screening and development of selective orphan receptor modulators will have important clinical applications as novel mechanism-based agents for treating cancer patients overexpressing one or more orphan receptors and also for combined drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology (S.S., E.H., A.R.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77808; and Institute of Biosciences and Technology (S.S., U.-H.J., S.-O.L.), Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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26
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that a subset of orphan nuclear receptors are amplified and prognostic for some human cancers. However, the specific roles of these orphan nuclear receptors in tumor progression and their utility as drug targets are not fully understood. In this review, we summarize recent progress in elucidating the direct and indirect involvement of orphan nuclear receptors in cancer as well as their therapeutic potential in a variety of human cancers. Furthermore, we contrast the role of orphan nuclear receptors in cancer with the known roles of estrogen receptor and androgen receptor in hormone-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Baek
- School of Biological Sciences, Creative Research Initiative Center for Chromatin Dynamics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea;
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27
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Karimi P, Hematti S, Safari F, Tavassoli M. Polymorphic AAAG repeat length in estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) and risk of breast cancer in Iranian women. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:600-3. [PMID: 24125170 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.845672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) alpha, beta, and gamma are orphan nuclear receptors that modulate the estrogen signaling pathway and play roles in the regulation of breast cancer cell growth. To determine the association between breast cancer risk and alleles of the tetranucleotide repeat (AAAG)n in the intron of ERRγ gene, a case-control study of 200 breast cancer patients and 200 controls was performed in Iranian women. Our results demonstrate that women with short AAAG repeat are at higher risk of breast cancer (OR 7). This result suggests a possible involvement of polymorphic AAAG repeat of ERRγ gene in regulating its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padideh Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar-Jarib, Isfahan, Iran,1
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28
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Nautiyal J, Christian M, Parker MG. Distinct functions for RIP140 in development, inflammation, and metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:451-9. [PMID: 23742741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate tissue development and function by controlling transcription from distinct sets of genes in response to fluctuating levels of hormones or cues that modulate receptor activity. Such target gene activation or repression depends on the recruitment of coactivators or corepressors that lead to chromatin remodelling in the vicinity of target genes. Similarly to receptors, coactivators and corepressors often serve pleiotropic functions, and Nrip1 (RIP140) is no exception, playing roles in animal development and physiology. At first sight, however, RIP140 is unusual in its ability to function either as a coactivator or as a corepressor, and also serve a cytoplasmic role. The functions of RIP140 in different tissues will be summarised together with its potential contribution to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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29
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Nautiyal J, Steel JH, Mane MR, Oduwole O, Poliandri A, Alexi X, Wood N, Poutanen M, Zwart W, Stingl J, Parker MG. The transcriptional co-factor RIP140 regulates mammary gland development by promoting the generation of key mitogenic signals. Development 2013; 140:1079-89. [PMID: 23404106 PMCID: PMC3583043 DOI: 10.1242/dev.085720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor interacting protein (Nrip1), also known as RIP140, is a co-regulator for nuclear receptors that plays an essential role in ovulation by regulating the expression of the epidermal growth factor-like family of growth factors. Although several studies indicate a role for RIP140 in breast cancer, its role in the development of the mammary gland is unclear. By using RIP140-null and RIP140 transgenic mice, we demonstrate that RIP140 is an essential factor for normal mammary gland development and that it functions by mediating oestrogen signalling. RIP140-null mice exhibit minimal ductal elongation with no side-branching, whereas RIP140-overexpressing mice show increased cell proliferation and ductal branching with age. Tissue recombination experiments demonstrate that RIP140 expression is required in both the mammary epithelial and stromal compartments for ductal elongation during puberty and that loss of RIP140 leads to a catastrophic loss of the mammary epithelium, whereas RIP140 overexpression augments the mammary basal cell population and shifts the progenitor/differentiated cell balance within the luminal cell compartment towards the progenitors. For the first time, we present a genome-wide global view of oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) binding events in the developing mammary gland, which unravels 881 ERα binding sites. Unbiased evaluation of several ERα binding sites for RIP140 co-occupancy reveals selectivity and demonstrates that RIP140 acts as a co-regulator with ERα to regulate directly the expression of amphiregulin (Areg), the progesterone receptor (Pgr) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (Stat5a), factors that influence key mitogenic pathways that regulate normal mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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30
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Muscat GEO, Eriksson NA, Byth K, Loi S, Graham D, Jindal S, Davis MJ, Clyne C, Funder JW, Simpson ER, Ragan MA, Kuczek E, Fuller PJ, Tilley WD, Leedman PJ, Clarke CL. Research resource: nuclear receptors as transcriptome: discriminant and prognostic value in breast cancer. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:350-65. [PMID: 23292282 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify biologically relevant groupings or clusters of nuclear receptors (NR) that are associated with breast neoplasia, with potentially diagnostic, discriminant or prognostic value, we quantitated mRNA expression levels of all 48 members of the human NR superfamily by TaqMan low-density array analysis in 116 curated breast tissue samples, including pre- and postmenopausal normal breast and both ERα(+) and ERα(-) tumor tissue. In addition, we have determined NR levels in independent cohorts of tamoxifen-treated ERα(+) and ERα(-) tissue samples. There were differences in relative NR mRNA expression between neoplastic and normal breast, and between ER(+) and ER(-) tumors. First, there is overexpression of the NUR77 subgroup and EAR2 in neoplastic breast. Second, we identify a signature of five NR (ERα, EAR2, NUR77, TRα, and RARγ) that classifies breast samples with more than 97% cross-validated accuracy into normal or cancer classes. Third, we find a novel negative association between five NR (TRβ, NUR77, RORγ, COUP-TFII, and LRH1) and histological grade. Finally, four NR (COUP-TFII, TRβ, PPARγ, and MR) are significant predictors of metastasis-free survival in tamoxifen-treated breast cancers, independent of ER expression. The present study highlights the discriminant and prognostic value of NR in breast cancer; identifies novel, clinically relevant, NR signatures; and highlights NR signaling pathways with potential roles in breast cancer pathophysiology and as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E O Muscat
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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31
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Lazarus KA, Wijayakumara D, Chand AL, Simpson ER, Clyne CD. Therapeutic potential of Liver Receptor Homolog-1 modulators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 130:138-46. [PMID: 22266285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (LRH-1; NR5A2) belongs to the orphan nuclear receptor superfamily, and plays vital roles in early development, cholesterol homeostasis, steroidogenesis and certain diseases, including cancer. It is expressed in embryonic stem cells, adult liver, intestine, pancreas and ovary. It binds to DNA as a monomer and is regulated by various ligand-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Recent work identified synthetic ligands for LRH-1; such compounds may yield useful therapeutics for a range of pathologic conditions associated with aberrant expression and activity of LRH-1.
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32
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Mohan HM, Aherne CM, Rogers AC, Baird AW, Winter DC, Murphy EP. Molecular pathways: the role of NR4A orphan nuclear receptors in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3223-8. [PMID: 22566377 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are of integral importance in carcinogenesis. Manipulation of classic ligand-activated nuclear receptors, such as estrogen receptor blockade in breast cancer, is an important established cancer therapy. Orphan nuclear receptors, such as nuclear family 4 subgroup A (NR4A) receptors, have no known natural ligand(s). These elusive receptors are increasingly recognized as molecular switches in cell survival and a molecular link between inflammation and cancer. NR4A receptors act as transcription factors, altering expression of downstream genes in apoptosis (Fas-ligand, TRAIL), proliferation, DNA repair, metabolism, cell migration, inflammation (interleukin-8), and angiogenesis (VEGF). NR4A receptors are modulated by multiple cell-signaling pathways, including protein kinase A/CREB, NF-κB, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT, c-jun-NH(2)-kinase, Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. NR4A receptor effects are context and tissue specific, influenced by their levels of expression, posttranslational modification, and interaction with other transcription factors (RXR, PPAR-Υ). The subcellular location of NR4A "nuclear receptors" is also important functionally; novel roles have been described in the cytoplasm where NR4A proteins act both indirectly and directly on the mitochondria to promote apoptosis via Bcl-2. NR4A receptors are implicated in a wide variety of malignancies, including breast, lung, colon, bladder, and prostate cancer; glioblastoma multiforme; sarcoma; and acute and/or chronic myeloid leukemia. NR4A receptors modulate response to conventional chemotherapy and represent an exciting frontier for chemotherapeutic intervention, as novel agents targeting NR4A receptors have now been developed. This review provides a concise clinical overview of current knowledge of NR4A signaling in cancer and the potential for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Mohan
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland.
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33
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Liu LYD, Chang LY, Kuo WH, Hwa HL, Shyu MK, Chang KJ, Hsieh FJ. In Silico Prediction for Regulation of Transcription Factors onTheir Shared Target Genes Indicates Relevant Clinical Implications in a Breast Cancer Population. Cancer Inform 2012; 11:113-37. [PMID: 22553415 PMCID: PMC3337786 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s8470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant transcriptional activities have been documented in breast cancers. Studies often find some transcription factors to be inappropriately regulated and enriched in certain pathological states. The promoter regions of most target genes have binding sites for their transcription factors. An ample of evidence supports their combinatorial effect on their shared target gene expressions. Here, we used a new statistic method, bivariate CID, to predict combinatorial interaction activity between ERα and a transcription factor (E2F1or GATA3 or ERRα) in regulating target gene expression via four regulatory mechanisms. We identified gene sets in three signal transduction pathways perturbed in breast tumors: cell cycle, VEGF, and PDGFRB. Bivariate network analysis revealed several target genes previously implicated in tumor angiogenesis are among the predicted shared targets, including VEGFA, PDGFRB. In summary, our analysis suggests the importance for the multivariate space of an inferred ERα transcriptional regulatory network in breast cancer diagnostic and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu D Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Biometry Division, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lin Hwa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kwang Shyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - King-Jen Chang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fon-Jou Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Salzman J, Marinelli RJ, Wang PL, Green AE, Nielsen JS, Nelson BH, Drescher CW, Brown PO. ESRRA-C11orf20 is a recurrent gene fusion in serous ovarian carcinoma. PLoS Biol 2011; 9:e1001156. [PMID: 21949640 PMCID: PMC3176749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, ovarian cancer kills approximately 14,000 women in the United States and more than 140,000 women worldwide. Most of these deaths are caused by tumors of the serous histological type, which is rarely diagnosed before it has disseminated. By deep paired-end sequencing of mRNA from serous ovarian cancers, followed by deep sequencing of the corresponding genomic region, we identified a recurrent fusion transcript. The fusion transcript joins the 5' exons of ESRRA, encoding a ligand-independent member of the nuclear-hormone receptor superfamily, to the 3' exons of C11orf20, a conserved but uncharacterized gene located immediately upstream of ESRRA in the reference genome. To estimate the prevalence of the fusion, we tested 67 cases of serous ovarian cancer by RT-PCR and sequencing and confirmed its presence in 10 of these. Targeted resequencing of the corresponding genomic region from two fusion-positive tumor samples identified a nearly clonal chromosomal rearrangement positioning ESRRA upstream of C11orf20 in one tumor, and evidence of local copy number variation in the ESRRA locus in the second tumor. We hypothesize that the recurrent novel fusion transcript may play a role in pathogenesis of a substantial fraction of serous ovarian cancers and could provide a molecular marker for detection of the cancer. Gene fusions involving adjacent or nearby genes can readily escape detection but may play important roles in the development and progression of cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Canada
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Case-Control Studies
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/epidemiology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- Exons
- Female
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/epidemiology
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Prevalence
- RNA, Messenger
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- United States
- ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Salzman
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Marinelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Peter L. Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ann E. Green
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julie S. Nielsen
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brad H. Nelson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles W. Drescher
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Patrick O. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Sahab ZJ, Man YG, Byers SW, Sang QXA. Putative biomarkers and targets of estrogen receptor negative human breast cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4504-21. [PMID: 21845093 PMCID: PMC3155366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12074504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a progressive and potentially fatal disease that affects women of all ages. Like all progressive diseases, early and reliable diagnosis is the key for successful treatment and annihilation. Biomarkers serve as indicators of pathological, physiological, or pharmacological processes. Her2/neu, CA15.3, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and cytokeratins are biomarkers that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy selection. The structural and functional complexity of protein biomarkers and the heterogeneity of the breast cancer pathology present challenges to the scientific community. Here we review estrogen receptor-related putative breast cancer biomarkers, including those of putative breast cancer stem cells, a minor population of estrogen receptor negative tumor cells that retain the stem cell property of self-renewal. We also review a few promising cytoskeleton targets for ER alpha negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad J. Sahab
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- Diagnostic and Translational Research Center, Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Gaithersburg, MD 20789, USA; E-Mail:
- Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Stephen W. Byers
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Qing-Xiang A. Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 102 Varsity Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; E-Mail:
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Nuclear Receptors: Small Molecule Sensors that Coordinate Growth, Metabolism and Reproduction. Subcell Biochem 2011; 52:123-53. [PMID: 21557081 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9069-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the largest groups of metazoan transcription factors (TFs), the Nuclear Receptor superfamily, regulates genes required for virtually all aspects of development, reproduction and metabolism. Together, these master regulators can be thought of as a fundamental operating system for metazoan life. Their most distinguishing feature is a structurally conserved domain that acts as a switch, powered by the presence of small diffusible ligands. This ligand-responsive regulation has allowed the Nuclear Receptors to help their hosts adapt to a wide variety of physiological niches and roles, making them one of the most evolutionarily successful TF families. Originally discovered as receptors for steroid hormones, the Nuclear Receptor field has grown to encompass much more than traditional endocrinology. For example, recent work has highlighted the role of Nuclear Receptors as major regulators of metabolism and biological clocks. By monitoring endogenous metabolites and absorbed xenobiotics, these receptors also coordinate rapid, system-wide responses to changing metabolic and environmental states. While many new Nuclear Receptor ligands have been discovered in the past couple of decades, approximately half of the 48 human receptors are still orphans, with a significantly higher percentage of orphans in other organisms. The discovery of new ligands has led to the elucidation of new regulatory mechanisms, target genes, pathways and functions. This review will highlight both the common as well as newly emerging traits and functions that characterize this particularly unique and important TF family.
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