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Eisenberg Y, Murad S, Casagrande A, McArthur M, Dugas LR, Barengolts E, Layden BT. Oxytocin alterations and neurocognitive domains in patients with hypopituitarism. Pituitary 2019; 22:105-112. [PMID: 30656597 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-019-00936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxytocin is a hypothalamus derived, posterior pituitary stored nonapeptide which has gained recent interest as an important neuropsychiatric and metabolic hormone beyond its classic role in lactation and parturition. Hypopituitarism is a heterogenous disorder of derangement in one or more anterior or posterior pituitary hormones. Diagnosis of deficiency and hormone replacement exists to address all relevant axes except for oxytocin. Our study aims to define derangements in oxytocin in a unique population of patients with hypopituitarism and correlate levels with measures of emotional health and quality of life. METHODS A cross-sectional, single day study was completed to measure plasma oxytocin levels in a diverse population of patients with hypopituitarism compared to controls. Subjects also completed depression, quality of life and stress-related questionnaires, and emotion recognition tasks. RESULTS Thirty-eight subjects completed the study, 18 with hypopituitarism (9 with diabetes insipidus) and 20 controls. After controlling for differences in age, weight and gender, plasma oxytocin levels were highest in subjects with diabetes insipidus compared to control [mean, IQR: 44.3 pg/ml (29.8-78.2) vs. 20.6 (17-31.3), p = 0.032]. Amongst hypopituitary subjects, those with duration of disease greater than 1 year had higher oxytocin levels. No significant differences were observed for psychosocial measures including emotion recognition tasks. CONCLUSIONS Plasma oxytocin levels were found higher in patients with hypopituitarism compared to controls and highest in those with diabetes insipidus. Longer duration of hypopituitarism was also associated with higher plasma levels of oxytocin. Further study is needed to better define oxytocin deficiency and investigate response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Eisenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Shatha Murad
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Alessandra Casagrande
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mark McArthur
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elena Barengolts
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Kawamoto K, Kawashima S. Regeneration of neurohypophyseal hormone-producing neurons in hypophysectomized immature rats. Brain Res 1987; 422:106-17. [PMID: 2445436 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Age-related changes in the regeneration of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) axons after hypophysectomy in rats was immunohistochemically examined. Rats were hypophysectomized at 9, 16, 23, 30 and 90 days of age, and sacrificed 10 days after the operation. AVP or OXT immunoreactivity in the external layer of the median eminence (ME) was generally stronger in hypophysectomized immature rats than in hypophysectomized adult rats, and the age-related difference in immunoreactivity was more conspicuous for AVP axons than OXT ones. The cell body size of AVP or OXT neurons in hypophysectomized adult rats was not significantly different from the value of unoperated or initial control rats. However, the neurons in immature rats became significantly larger after hypophysectomy, compared with those of initial controls. These results indicate that AVP- and OXT-producing neurons in immature rats, as early as at 9 days of age, are endowed with the capacity of axonal rearrangement to the external layer of the ME after hypophysectomy, and that the stronger immunoreactivity in the external layer of the ME in immature rats than in the adult may be due to the differences in the rate of synthesis of neurohypophyseal hormones and the regenerative potency of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kawamoto
- Zoological Institute, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Wetsel WC, Fernstrom JD. Effect of hypophysectomy on somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 biosynthesis in the rat hypothalamus. Brain Res 1986; 370:315-20. [PMID: 2871892 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo incorporation of [35S]cysteine into hypothalamic somatostatin-28 was found to be substantially below normal in hypophysectomized rats. A smaller reduction in label incorporation into arginine vasopressin was also observed, while incorporation into acid-precipitable protein was normal. The diminution in somatostatin biosynthesis presumably reflects the absence of pituitary growth hormone secretion, while that in vasopressin synthesis may reflect the loss or disruption of vasopressin-producing cells.
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