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Chinbold B, Kwon HM, Park R. TonEBP inhibits ciliogenesis by controlling aurora kinase A and regulating centriolar satellite integrity. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:348. [PMID: 38961488 PMCID: PMC11221002 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cilia on the surface of eukaryotic cells serve as sensory antennas for the reception and transmission in various cell signaling pathways. They are dynamic organelles that rapidly form during differentiation and cell cycle exit. Defects in these organelles cause a group of wide-ranging disorders called ciliopathies. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) is a pleiotropic stress protein that mediates various physiological and pathological cellular responses. TonEBP is well-known for its role in adaptation to a hypertonic environment, to which primary cilia have been reported to contribute. Furthermore, TonEBP is involved in a wide variety of other signaling pathways, such as Sonic Hedgehog and WNT signaling, that promote primary ciliogenesis, suggesting a possible regulatory role. However, the functional relationship between TonEBP and primary ciliary formation remains unclear. METHODS TonEBP siRNAs and TonEBP-mCherry plasmids were used to examine their effects on cell ciliation rates, assembly and disassembly processes, and regulators. Serum starvation was used as a condition to induce ciliogenesis. RESULTS We identified a novel pericentriolar localization for TonEBP. The results showed that TonEBP depletion facilitates the formation of primary cilia, whereas its overexpression results in fewer ciliated cells. Moreover, TonEBP controlled the expression and activity of aurora kinase A, a major negative regulator of ciliogenesis. Additionally, TonEBP overexpression inhibited the loss of CP110 from the mother centrioles during the early stages of primary cilia assembly. Finally, TonEBP regulated the localization of PCM1 and AZI1, which are necessary for primary cilia formation. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes a novel role for TonEBP as a pericentriolar protein that regulates the integrity of centriolar satellite components. This regulation has shown to have a negative effect on ciliogenesis. Investigations into cilium assembly and disassembly processes suggest that TonEBP acts upstream of the aurora kinase A - histone deacetylase 6 signaling pathway and affects basal body formation to control ciliogenesis. Taken together, our data proposes previously uncharacterized regulation of primary cilia assembly by TonEBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batchingis Chinbold
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyug Moo Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Le Page AK, Johnson EC, Greenberg JH. Is mild dehydration a risk for progression of childhood chronic kidney disease? Pediatr Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s00467-024-06332-6. [PMID: 38632124 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can have an inherent vulnerability to dehydration. Younger children are unable to freely access water, and CKD aetiology and stage can associate with reduced kidney concentrating capacity, which can also impact risk. This article aims to review the risk factors and consequences of mild dehydration and underhydration in CKD, with a particular focus on evidence for risk of CKD progression. We discuss that assessment of dehydration in the CKD population is more challenging than in the healthy population, thus complicating the definition of adequate hydration and clinical research in this field. We review pathophysiologic studies that suggest mild dehydration and underhydration may cause hyperfiltration injury and impact renal function, with arginine vasopressin as a key mediator. Randomised controlled trials in adults have not shown an impact of improved hydration in CKD outcomes, but more vulnerable populations with baseline low fluid intake or poor kidney concentrating capacity need to be studied. There is little published data on the frequency of dehydration, and risk of complications, acute or chronic, in children with CKD. Despite conflicting evidence and the need for more research, we propose that paediatric CKD management should routinely include an assessment of individual dehydration risk along with a treatment plan, and we provide a framework that could be used in outpatient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Le Page
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Evan C Johnson
- Division of Kinesiology & Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jason H Greenberg
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Ono M, Izumi Y, Maruyama K, Yasuoka Y, Hiramatsu A, Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C, Nonoguchi H, Kakizoe Y, Adachi M, Kuwabara T, Mukoyama M. Characterization of gene expression in the kidney of renal tubular cell-specific NFAT5 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F394-F410. [PMID: 38153851 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00233.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5; also called TonEBP/OREBP) is a transcription factor that is activated by hypertonicity and induces osmoprotective genes to protect cells against hypertonic conditions. In the kidney, renal tubular NFAT5 is known to be involved in the urine concentration mechanism. Previous studies have suggested that NFAT5 modulates the immune system and exerts various effects on organ damage, depending on organ and disease states. Pathophysiological roles of NFAT5 in renal tubular cells, however, still remain obscure. We conducted comprehensive analysis by performing transcription start site (TSS) sequencing on the kidney of inducible and renal tubular cell-specific NFAT5 knockout (KO) mice. Mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction to examine the relevance of renal tubular NFAT5 in renal fibrosis. TSS sequencing analysis identified 722 downregulated TSSs and 1,360 upregulated TSSs, which were differentially regulated ≤-1.0 and ≥1.0 in log2 fold, respectively. Those TSSs were annotated to 532 downregulated genes and 944 upregulated genes, respectively. Motif analysis showed that sequences that possibly bind to NFAT5 were enriched in TSSs of downregulated genes. Gene Ontology analysis with the upregulated genes suggested disorder of innate and adaptive immune systems in the kidney. Unilateral ureteral obstruction significantly exacerbated renal fibrosis in the renal medulla in KO mice compared with wild-type mice, accompanied by enhanced activation of immune responses. In conclusion, NFAT5 in renal tubules could have pathophysiological roles in renal fibrosis through modulating innate and adaptive immune systems in the kidney.NEW & NOTEWORTHY TSS-Seq analysis of the kidney from renal tubular cell-specific NFAT5 KO mice uncovered novel genes that are possibly regulated by NFAT5 in the kidney under physiological conditions. The study further implied disorders of innate and adaptive immune systems in NFAT5 KO mice, thereby exacerbating renal fibrosis at pathological states. Our results may implicate the involvement of renal tubular NFAT5 in the progression of renal fibrosis. Further studies would be worthwhile for the development of novel therapy to treat chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ono
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Izumi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yasuoka
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Akiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jose Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Nonoguchi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kakizoe
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashige Kuwabara
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Ledru N, Wilson PC, Muto Y, Yoshimura Y, Wu H, Li D, Asthana A, Tullius SG, Waikar SS, Orlando G, Humphreys BD. Predicting proximal tubule failed repair drivers through regularized regression analysis of single cell multiomic sequencing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1291. [PMID: 38347009 PMCID: PMC10861555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal proximal tubule epithelial cells have considerable intrinsic repair capacity following injury. However, a fraction of injured proximal tubule cells fails to undergo normal repair and assumes a proinflammatory and profibrotic phenotype that may promote fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. The healthy to failed repair change is marked by cell state-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic changes. Single nucleus joint RNA- and ATAC-seq sequencing offers an opportunity to study the gene regulatory networks underpinning these changes in order to identify key regulatory drivers. We develop a regularized regression approach to construct genome-wide parametric gene regulatory networks using multiomic datasets. We generate a single nucleus multiomic dataset from seven adult human kidney samples and apply our method to study drivers of a failed injury response associated with kidney disease. We demonstrate that our approach is a highly effective tool for predicting key cis- and trans-regulatory elements underpinning the healthy to failed repair transition and use it to identify NFAT5 as a driver of the maladaptive proximal tubule state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ledru
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Parker C Wilson
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yoshiharu Muto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshimura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amish Asthana
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center; Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center; Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Zhao X, Liang B, Li C, Wang W. Expression Regulation and Trafficking of Aquaporins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:39-51. [PMID: 36717485 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) mediate the bidirectional water flow driven by an osmotic gradient. Either gating or trafficking allows for rapid and specific AQP regulation in a tissue-dependent manner. The regulatory mechanisms of AQP2 are discussed mainly in this chapter, as the mechanisms controlling the regulation and trafficking of AQP2 have been very well studied. The targeting of AQP2 to the apical plasma membrane of collecting duct principal cells is mainly regulated by the action of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on the type 2 AVP receptor (V2R), which cause increased intracellular cAMP or elevated intracellular calcium levels. Activation of these intracellular signaling pathways results in vesicles bearing AQP2 transport, docking and fusion with the apical membrane, which increase density of AQP2 on the membrane. The removal of AQP2 from the membrane requires dynamic cytoskeletal remodeling. AQP2 is degraded through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and lysosomal proteolysis pathway. Finally, we review updated findings in transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of AQP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoduo Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baien Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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The nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) contributes to the renal corticomedullary differences in gene expression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20304. [PMID: 36433977 PMCID: PMC9700710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The corticomedullary osmotic gradient between renal cortex and medulla induces a specific spatial gene expression pattern. The factors that controls these differences are not fully addressed. Adaptation to hypertonic environment is mediated by the actions of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5). NFAT5 induces the expression of genes that lead to intracellular accumulation of organic osmolytes. However, a systematical analysis of the NFAT5-dependent gene expression in the kidneys was missing. We used primary cultivated inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells from control and NFAT5 deficient mice as well as renal cortex and inner medulla from principal cell specific NFAT5 deficient mice for gene expression profiling. In primary NFAT5 deficient IMCD cells, hyperosmolality induced changes in gene expression were abolished. The majority of the hyperosmolality induced transcripts in primary IMCD culture were determined to have the greatest expression in the inner medulla. Loss of NFAT5 altered the expression of more than 3000 genes in the renal cortex and more than 5000 genes in the inner medulla. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that loss of NFAT5 is associated with renal inflammation and increased expression of kidney injury marker genes, like lipocalin-2 or kidney injury molecule-1. In conclusion we show that NFAT5 is a master regulator of gene expression in the kidney collecting duct and in vivo loss of NFAT function induces a kidney injury like phenotype.
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Petrillo F, Chernyakov D, Esteva-Font C, Poulsen SB, Edemir B, Fenton RA. Genetic deletion of the nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 in collecting duct principal cells causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22583. [PMID: 36197017 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200856r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Water homeostasis is tightly regulated by the kidneys via the process of urine concentration. During reduced water intake, the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) binds to the vasopressin receptor type II (V2R) in the kidney to enhance countercurrent multiplication and medullary osmolality, and increase water reabsorption via aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels. The importance of this AVP, V2R, and AQP2 axis is highlighted by low urine osmolality and polyuria in people with various water balance disorders, including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). ELF5 and nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) are two transcription factors proposed to regulate Aqp2 expression, but their role is poorly defined. Here we generated two novel mouse lines with principal cell (PC)-specific deletion of ELF5 or NFAT5 and phenotyped them in respect to renal water handling. ELF5-deficient mice (ELF5PC-KO ) had a very mild phenotype, with no clear differences in AQP2 abundance, and mild differences in renal water handling and maximal urinary concentrating capacity. In contrast, NFAT5 (NFAT5PC-KO ) mice had significantly higher water intake and their 24 h urine volume was almost 10-fold greater than controls. After challenging with dDAVP or 8 h water restriction, NFAT5PC-KO mice were unable to concentrate their urine, demonstrating that they suffer from NDI. The abundance of AQP2, other AQPs, and the urea transporter UT-A1 were greatly decreased in NFAT5PC-KO mice. In conclusion, NFAT5 is a major regulator of not only Aqp2 gene transcription, but also other genes important for water homeostasis and its absence leads to the development of NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry Chernyakov
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Søren B Poulsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bayram Edemir
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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Renal water transport in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:841-852. [PMID: 35678906 PMCID: PMC9338902 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saving body water by optimal reabsorption of water filtered by the kidney leading to excretion of urine with concentrations of solutes largely above that of plasma allowed vertebrate species to leave the aquatic environment to live on solid ground. Filtered water is reabsorbed for 70% and 20% by proximal tubules and thin descending limbs of Henle, respectively. These two nephron segments express the water channel aquaporin-1 located along both apical and basolateral membranes. In the proximal tubule, the paracellular pathway accounts for at least 30% of water reabsorption, and the tight-junction core protein claudin-2 plays a key role in this permeability. The ascending limb of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule are impermeant to water and are responsible for urine dilution. The water balance is adjusted along the collecting system, i.e. connecting tubule and the collecting duct, under the control of arginine-vasopressin (AVP). AVP is synthesized by the hypothalamus and released in response to an increase in extracellular osmolality or stimulation of baroreceptors by decreased blood pressure. In response to AVP, aquaporin-2 water channels stored in subapical intracellular vesicles are translocated to the apical plasma membrane and raise the water permeability of the collecting system. The basolateral step of water reabsorption is mediated by aquaporin-3 and -4, which are constitutively expressed. Drugs targeting water transport include classical diuretics, which primarily inhibit sodium transport; the new class of SGLT2 inhibitors, which promotes osmotic diuresis and the non-peptidic antagonists of the V2 receptor, which are pure aquaretic drugs. Disturbed water balance includes diabetes insipidus and hyponatremias. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. It is either related to a deficit in AVP secretion called central diabetes insipidus that can be treated by AVP analogs or to a peripheral defect in AVP response called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus can be either of genetic origin or acquired. Hyponatremia is a common disorder most often related to free water excess relying on overstimulated or inappropriate AVP secretion. The assessment of blood volume is key for the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia, which can be classified as hypo-, eu-, or hypervolemic.
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9
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Yang HH, Su SH, Ho CH, Yeh AH, Lin YJ, Yu MJ. Glucocorticoid Receptor Maintains Vasopressin Responses in Kidney Collecting Duct Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:816959. [PMID: 35685285 PMCID: PMC9173664 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.816959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water permeability of the kidney collecting ducts is regulated in part by the amount of the molecular water channel protein aquaporin-2 (AQP2), whose expression, in turn, is regulated by the pituitary peptide hormone vasopressin. We previously showed that stable glucocorticoid receptor knockdown diminished the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression in the collecting duct cell model mpkCCD. Here, we investigated the pathways regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor by comparing transcriptomes of the mpkCCD cells with or without stable glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. Glucocorticoid receptor knockdown downregulated 5,394 transcripts associated with 55 KEGG pathways including "vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption," indicative of positive regulatory roles of these pathways in the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the downregulation of the vasopressin V2 receptor transcript upon glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. Glucocorticoid receptor knockdown upregulated 3,785 transcripts associated with 42 KEGG pathways including the "TNF signaling pathway" and "TGFβ signaling pathway," suggesting the negative regulatory roles of these pathways in the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the upregulation of TNF and TGFβ receptor transcripts upon glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. TNF or TGFβ inhibitor alone, in the absence of vasopressin, did not induce Aqp2 gene transcription. However, TNF or TGFβ blunted the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. In particular, TGFβ reduced vasopressin-induced increases in Akt phosphorylation without inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or interfering with vasopressin-induced apical AQP2 trafficking. In summary, our RNA-seq transcriptomic comparison revealed positive and negative regulatory pathways maintained by the glucocorticoid receptor for the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ming-Jiun Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1388. [PMID: 35163313 PMCID: PMC8836214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enable the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body. Here, we review their key roles in fluid homeostasis, glandular secretions, signal transduction and sensation, barrier function, immunity and inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Evidence from a wide variety of studies now supports a view of the functions of AQPs being much more complex than simply mediating the passive flow of water across biological membranes. The discovery and development of small-molecule AQP inhibitors for research use and therapeutic development will lead to new insights into the basic biology of and novel treatments for the wide range of AQP-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wagner
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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Ho CH, Yang HH, Su SH, Yeh AH, Yu MJ. α-Actinin 4 Links Vasopressin Short-Term and Long-Term Regulation of Aquaporin-2 in Kidney Collecting Duct Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:725172. [PMID: 34925053 PMCID: PMC8674656 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.725172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water permeability of the kidney collecting ducts is regulated by the peptide hormone vasopressin. Between minutes and hours (short-term), vasopressin induces trafficking of the water channel protein aquaporin-2 to the apical plasma membrane of the collecting duct principal cells to increase water permeability. Between hours and days (long-term), vasopressin induces aquaporin-2 gene expression. Here, we investigated the mechanisms that bridge the short-term and long-term vasopressin-mediated aquaporin-2 regulation by α-actinin 4, an F-actin crosslinking protein and a transcription co-activator of the glucocorticoid receptor. Vasopressin induced F-actin depolymerization and α-actinin 4 nuclear translocation in the mpkCCD collecting duct cell model. Co-immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting showed increased interaction between α-actinin 4 and glucocorticoid receptor in response to vasopressin. ChIP-PCR showed results consistent with α-actinin 4 and glucocorticoid receptor binding to the aquaporin-2 promoter. α-actinin 4 knockdown reduced vasopressin-induced increases in aquaporin-2 mRNA and protein expression. α-actinin 4 knockdown did not affect vasopressin-induced glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation, suggesting independent mechanisms of vasopressin-induced nuclear translocation of α-actinin 4 and glucocorticoid receptor. Glucocorticoid receptor knockdown profoundly reduced vasopressin-induced increases in aquaporin-2 mRNA and protein expression. In the absence of glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone, vasopressin-induced increases in glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation and aquaporin-2 mRNA were greatly reduced. α-actinin 4 knockdown further reduced vasopressin-induced increase in aquaporin-2 mRNA in the absence of dexamethasone. We conclude that glucocorticoid receptor plays a major role in vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 gene expression that can be enhanced by α-actinin 4. In the absence of vasopressin, α-actinin 4 crosslinks F-actin underneath the apical plasma membrane, impeding aquaporin-2 membrane insertion. Vasopressin-induced F-actin depolymerization in one hand facilitates aquaporin-2 apical membrane insertion and in the other hand frees α-actinin 4 to enter the nucleus where it binds glucocorticoid receptor to enhance aquaporin-2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsuan Ho
- College of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hui Yang
- College of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Su
- College of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsin Yeh
- College of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiun Yu
- College of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pou Casellas C, Rookmaaker MB, Verhaar MC. Controlling cellular plasticity to improve in vitro models for kidney regeneration. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hiramatsu A, Izumi Y, Eguchi K, Matsuo N, Deng Q, Inoue H, Nakayama Y, Nonoguchi H, Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C, Kakizoe Y, Adachi M, Kuwabara T, Kim-Mitsuyama S, Mukoyama M. Salt-Sensitive Hypertension of the Renal Tubular Cell-Specific NFAT5 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells 5) Knockout Mice. Hypertension 2021; 78:1335-1346. [PMID: 34601973 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Nephrology (A.H., Y.I., K.E., N.M., Q.D., H.I., Y.N., Y.K., M.A., T.K., M.M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Izumi
- Department of Nephrology (A.H., Y.I., K.E., N.M., Q.D., H.I., Y.N., Y.K., M.A., T.K., M.M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Koji Eguchi
- Department of Nephrology (A.H., Y.I., K.E., N.M., Q.D., H.I., Y.N., Y.K., M.A., T.K., M.M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsuo
- Department of Nephrology (A.H., Y.I., K.E., N.M., Q.D., H.I., Y.N., Y.K., M.A., T.K., M.M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Qinyuan Deng
- Department of Nephrology (A.H., Y.I., K.E., N.M., Q.D., H.I., Y.N., Y.K., M.A., T.K., M.M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hideki Inoue
- Department of Nephrology (A.H., Y.I., K.E., N.M., Q.D., H.I., Y.N., Y.K., M.A., T.K., M.M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yushi Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology (A.H., Y.I., K.E., N.M., Q.D., H.I., Y.N., Y.K., M.A., T.K., M.M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonoguchi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan (H.N.)
| | - Jose Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Spain (J.A., C.L.-R.)
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Spain (J.A., C.L.-R.)
| | - Yutaka Kakizoe
- Department of Nephrology (A.H., Y.I., K.E., N.M., Q.D., H.I., Y.N., Y.K., M.A., T.K., M.M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Nephrology (A.H., Y.I., K.E., N.M., Q.D., H.I., Y.N., Y.K., M.A., T.K., M.M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Takashige Kuwabara
- Department of Nephrology (A.H., Y.I., K.E., N.M., Q.D., H.I., Y.N., Y.K., M.A., T.K., M.M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics (S.K.-M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology (A.H., Y.I., K.E., N.M., Q.D., H.I., Y.N., Y.K., M.A., T.K., M.M.), Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
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Kikuchi H, Jung HJ, Raghuram V, Leo KT, Park E, Yang CR, Chou CL, Chen L, Knepper MA. Bayesian identification of candidate transcription factors for the regulation of Aqp2 gene expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F389-F401. [PMID: 34308668 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00204.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-2 (Aqp2) gene transcription is strongly regulated by vasopressin in the renal collecting duct. However, the transcription factors (TFs) responsible for the regulation of expression of Aqp2 remain largely unknown. We used Bayes' theorem to integrate several -omics data sets to stratify the 1,344 TFs present in the mouse genome with regard to probabilities of regulating Aqp2 gene transcription. Also, we carried out new RNA sequencing experiments mapping the time course of vasopressin-induced changes in the transcriptome of mpkCCD cells to identify TFs that change in tandem with Aqp2. The analysis identified 17 of 1,344 TFs that are most likely to be involved in the regulation of Aqp2 gene transcription. These TFs included eight that have been proposed in prior studies to play a role in Aqp2 regulation, viz., Cebpb, Elf1, Elf3, Ets1, Jun, Junb, Nfkb1, and Sp1. The remaining nine represent new candidates for future studies (Atf1, Irf3, Klf5, Klf6, Mef2d, Nfyb, Nr2f6, Stat3, and Nr4a1). Conspicuously absent is CREB (Creb1), which has been widely proposed to mediate vasopressin-induced regulation of Aqp2 gene transcription (Nielsen S, Frokiaer J, Marples D, Kwon TH, Agre P, Knepper MA. Physiol Rev 82: 205-244, 2002; Kortenoeven ML, Fenton RA. Biochim Biophys Acta 1840: 1533-1549, 2014; Bockenhauer D, Bichet DG. Nat Rev Nephrol 11: 576-588, 2015; Pearce D, Soundararajan R, Trimpert C, Kashlan OB, Deen PM, Kohan DE. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 10: 135-146, 2015). Instead, another CREB-like TF, Atf1, ranked fourth among all TFs. RNA sequencing time-course experiments showed a rapid increase in Aqp2 mRNA, within 3 h of vasopressin exposure. This response was matched by an equally rapid increase in the abundance of the mRNA coding for Cebpb, which we have shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing studies to bind downstream from the Aqp2 gene. The identified TFs provide a roadmap for future studies to understand regulation of Aqp2 gene expression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Abetted by the advent of systems biology-based ("-omics") techniques in the 21st century, there has been a massive expansion of published data relevant to virtually every physiological question. The authors have developed a large-scale data integration approach based on the application of Bayes'' theorem. In the current work, they integrated 12 different -omics data sets to identify the transcription factors most likely to mediate vasopressin-dependent regulation of transcription of the aquaporin-2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hyun Jun Jung
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kirby T Leo
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Euijung Park
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chun-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Chernyakov D, Groß A, Fischer A, Bornkessel N, Schultheiss C, Gerloff D, Edemir B. Loss of RANBP3L leads to transformation of renal epithelial cells towards a renal clear cell carcinoma like phenotype. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:226. [PMID: 34233711 PMCID: PMC8265145 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are characterized by the deregulation of several hundred hyperosmolality-responsive genes. High expression of a subset of these genes including the Ran binding protein 3 like (RANBP3L) is linked to a favorable prognostic outcome in RCC. However, the cellular function of RANBP3L remains largely unknown. Methods We used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to generate functional deletions of the Ranbp3l and nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (Nfat5) gene loci in a murine renal cell line. The NFAT5-KO cells were used to assess the regulation of Ranbp3l by NFAT5 using immunofluorescence, RNA-Seq and promoter assays. RANBP3L-deficient cells were analyzed for changes in cell morphology, proliferation, migration and colony-forming capacity using immunofluorescence and live cell imaging. RANPB3L-dependent changes in gene expression were identified by RNA-Seq. Results We show that NFAT5 directly regulates Ranpb3l under hyperosmotic conditions by binding its promoter. Functional analysis of RANBP3L-deficient cells revealed a loss of epithelial structure, an increased cell migration behavior and colony forming capacity, accompanied by massive alterations in gene expression, all of which are hallmarks for tumor cells. Strikingly, a RANBP3L dependent signature of 60 genes separated samples with clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) from papillary (KIRP), chromophobe renal carcinoma (KICH) and healthy tissue. Conclusions Loss of RANBP3L induces a tumor like phenotype resembles RCC, especially KIRC, on the morphological and gene expression level and might promote tumor development and progression. Therapeutic reconstitution or elevation of osmoregulated RANBP3L expression might represent a novel treatment strategy for RCC or KIRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01982-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Chernyakov
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Groß
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Annika Fischer
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nicola Bornkessel
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiss
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dennis Gerloff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bayram Edemir
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany. .,Current address: Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Wild J, Jung R, Knopp T, Efentakis P, Benaki D, Grill A, Wegner J, Molitor M, Garlapati V, Rakova N, Markó L, Marton A, Mikros E, Münzel T, Kossmann S, Rauh M, Nakano D, Kitada K, Luft F, Waisman A, Wenzel P, Titze J, Karbach S. Aestivation motifs explain hypertension and muscle mass loss in mice with psoriatic skin barrier defect. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13628. [PMID: 33590724 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent evidence suggests that arterial hypertension could be alternatively explained as a physiological adaptation response to water shortage, termed aestivation, which relies on complex multi-organ metabolic adjustments to prevent dehydration. Here, we tested the hypothesis that chronic water loss across diseased skin leads to similar adaptive water conservation responses as observed in experimental renal failure or high salt diet. METHODS We studied mice with keratinocyte-specific overexpression of IL-17A which develop severe psoriasis-like skin disease. We measured transepidermal water loss and solute and water excretion in the urine. We quantified glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by intravital microscopy, and energy and nitrogen pathways by metabolomics. We measured skin blood flow and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in conjunction with renal resistive indices and arterial blood pressure. RESULTS Psoriatic animals lost large amounts of water across their defective cutaneous epithelial barrier. Metabolic adaptive water conservation included mobilization of nitrogen and energy from muscle to increase organic osmolyte production, solute-driven maximal anti-diuresis at normal GFR, increased metanephrine and angiotensin 2 levels, and cutaneous vasoconstriction to limit TEWL. Heat exposure led to cutaneous vasodilation and blood pressure normalization without parallel changes in renal resistive index, albeit at the expense of further increased TEWL. CONCLUSION Severe cutaneous water loss predisposes psoriatic mice to lethal dehydration. In response to this dehydration stress, the mice activate aestivation-like water conservation motifs to maintain their body hydration status. The circulatory water conservation response explains their arterial hypertension. The nitrogen-dependency of the metabolic water conservation response explains their catabolic muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Center for Cardiology Cardiology IJohannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Rebecca Jung
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Tanja Knopp
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of AthensPanepistimiopolis of Zographou Athens Greece
| | - Dimitra Benaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of AthensPanepistimiopolis of Zographou Athens Greece
| | - Alexandra Grill
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Joanna Wegner
- Department of Dermatology Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Michael Molitor
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Center for Cardiology Cardiology IJohannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Venkata Garlapati
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Natalia Rakova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension University Clinic Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research CenterMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin Germany
| | - Adriana Marton
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic DisordersDuke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of AthensPanepistimiopolis of Zographou Athens Greece
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology Cardiology IJohannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | | | - Manfred Rauh
- Research Laboratory Division of Paediatrics University Clinic Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Miki‐cho Kagawa Japan
| | - Kento Kitada
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic DisordersDuke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Miki‐cho Kagawa Japan
| | - Friedrich Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research CenterMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Center for Cardiology Cardiology IJohannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Jens Titze
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension University Clinic Erlangen Erlangen Germany
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic DisordersDuke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Division of Nephrology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Center for Cardiology Cardiology IJohannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
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Grabowska M, Michałek K, Kędzierska-Kapuza K, Kram A, Gill K, Piasecka M. The long-term effects of rapamycin-based immunosuppressive protocols on the expression of renal aquaporins 1, 2, 3 and 4 water channels in rats. Histol Histopathol 2021; 36:459-474. [PMID: 33634832 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To this day, the effect of multi-drug immunosuppressive protocols on renal expression of AQPs is unknown. This study aimed to determine the influence of rapamycin-based multi-drug immunosuppressive regimens on the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the rat kidney. METHODS For 6 months, 24 male Wistar rats were administered immunosuppressants, according to the three-drug protocols used in patients after organ transplantation. The rats were divided into four groups: the control group, the TRP group (tacrolimus, rapamycin, prednisone), the CRP group (cyclosporine A, rapamycin, prednisone), and the MRP group (mycophenolate mofetil, rapamycin, prednisone). Selected red cell indices and total calcium were measured in the blood of rats and quantitative analysis of AQP1, AQP2, AQP3 and AQP4 immunoexpression in the kidneys were performed. RESULTS In the TRP and CRP groups, a mild increase of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and total calcium were observed. Moreover, decreased expression of AQP1-4 was found in all experimental groups, with the highest decrease in the CRP group. CONCLUSIONS The long-term immunosuppressive treatment using multi-drug protocols decreased AQP1-4 expressions in renal tubules, possibly leading to impaired urine-concentrating ability in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grabowska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michałek
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantation, Central Hospital of Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration in Warsaw, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kram
- Department of Pathology, West Pomeranian Oncology Center, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamil Gill
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Piasecka
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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NFAT5, which protects against hypertonicity, is activated by that stress via structuring of its intrinsically disordered domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20292-20297. [PMID: 32747529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911680117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) is a transcription factor (TF) that mediates protection from adverse effects of hypertonicity by increasing transcription of genes, including those that lead to cellular accumulation of protective organic osmolytes. NFAT5 has three intrinsically ordered (ID) activation domains (ADs). Using the NFAT5 N-terminal domain (NTD), which contains AD1, as a model, we demonstrate by biophysical methods that the NTD senses osmolytes and hypertonicity, resulting in stabilization of its ID regions. In the presence of sufficient NaCl or osmolytes, trehalose and sorbitol, the NFAT5 NTD undergoes a disorder-to-order shift, adopting higher average secondary and tertiary structure. Thus, NFAT5 is activated by the stress that it protects against. In its salt and/or osmolyte-induced more ordered conformation, the NTD interacts with several proteins, including HMGI-C, which is known to protect against apoptosis. These findings raise the possibility that the increased intracellular ionic strength and elevated osmolytes caused by hypertonicity activate and stabilize NFAT5.
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Laszczyk AM, Higashi AY, Patel SR, Johnson CN, Soofi A, Abraham S, Dressler GR. Pax2 and Pax8 Proteins Regulate Urea Transporters and Aquaporins to Control Urine Concentration in the Adult Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1212-1225. [PMID: 32381599 PMCID: PMC7269349 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019090962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the glomerular filtrate passes through the nephron and into the renal medulla, electrolytes, water, and urea are reabsorbed through the concerted actions of solute carrier channels and aquaporins at various positions along the nephron and in the outer and inner medulla. Proliferating stem cells expressing the nuclear transcription factor Pax2 give rise to renal epithelial cells. Pax2 expression ends once the epithelial cells differentiate into mature proximal and distal tubules, whereas expression of the related Pax8 protein continues. The collecting tubules and renal medulla are derived from Pax2-positive ureteric bud epithelia that continue to express Pax2 and Pax8 in adult kidneys. Despite the crucial role of Pax2 in renal development, functions for Pax2 or Pax8 in adult renal epithelia have not been established. METHODS To examine the roles of Pax2 and Pax8 in the adult mouse kidney, we deleted either Pax2, Pax8, or both genes in adult mice and examined the resulting phenotypes and changes in gene expression patterns. We also explored the mechanism of Pax8-mediated activation of potential target genes in inner medullary collecting duct cells. RESULTS Mice with induced deletions of both Pax2 and Pax8 exhibit severe polyuria that can be attributed to significant changes in the expression of solute carriers, such as the urea transporters encoded by Slc14a2, as well as aquaporins within the inner and outer medulla. Furthermore, Pax8 expression is induced by high-salt levels in collecting duct cells and activates the Slc14a2 gene by recruiting a histone methyltransferase complex to the promoter. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal novel functions for Pax proteins in adult renal epithelia that are essential for retaining water and concentrating urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Laszczyk
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Atsuko Y Higashi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Craig N Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Abdul Soofi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Saji Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Groß A, Chernyakov D, Gallwitz L, Bornkessel N, Edemir B. Deletion of Von Hippel-Lindau Interferes with Hyper Osmolality Induced Gene Expression and Induces an Unfavorable Gene Expression Pattern. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020420. [PMID: 32059438 PMCID: PMC7073186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) protein function can be found in more than 90% of patients with clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). Mice lacking Vhl function in the kidneys have urine concentration defects due to postulated reduction of the hyperosmotic gradient. Hyperosmolality is a kidney-specific microenvironment and induces a unique gene expression pattern. This gene expression pattern is inversely regulated in patients with ccRCC with consequences for cancer-specific survival. Within this study, we tested the hypothesis if Vhl function influences the hyperosmolality induced changes in gene expression. We made use of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology to inhibit functional Vhl expression in murine collecting duct cell line. Loss of Vhl function induced morphological changes within the cells similar to epithelial to mesenchymal transition like phenotype. Vhl-deficient cells migrated faster and proliferated slower compared to control cells. Gene expression profiling showed significant changes in gene expression patterns in Vhl-deficient cells compared to control cells. Several genes with unfavorable outcomes showed induced and genes with favorable outcomes for patients with renal cancer reduced gene expression level. Under hyperosmotic condition, the expression of several hyperosmolality induced genes, with favorable prognostic value, was downregulated in cells that do not express functional Vhl. Taken together, this study shows that Vhl interferes with hyperosmotic signaling pathway and hyperosmolality affected pathways might represent new promising targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bayram Edemir
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-4890; Fax: +49-345-557-2950
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21
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Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Tamma G, Valenti G. Calcium sensing receptor exerts a negative regulatory action toward vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 expression and trafficking in renal collecting duct. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2020; 112:289-310. [PMID: 32061345 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin (AVP) plays a major role in the regulation of water homeostasis by its antidiuretic action on the kidney, mediated by V2 receptors. An increase in plasma sodium concentration stimulates AVP release, which in turn promotes water reabsorption. Upon binding to the V2 receptors in the renal collecting duct, AVP induces the expression and apical membrane insertion of the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels and subsequent water reabsorption. AVP regulates two independent mechanisms: the short-term regulation of AQP2 trafficking and long-term regulation of the total abundance of the AQP2 protein in the cells. On the other hand, several hormones, acting through specific receptors, have been reported to antagonize AVP-mediated water transport in kidney. In this respect, we previously described that high luminal Ca2+ in the renal collecting duct attenuates short-term AVP-induced AQP2 trafficking through activation of the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR). This effect is due to reduction of AVP-dependent cAMP generation and possibly hydrolysis. Moreover, CaSR signaling reduces AQP2 abundance both via AQP2-targeting miRNA-137 and the proteasomal degradation pathway. This chapter summarizes recent data elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological role of the CaSR-dependent regulation of AQP2 expression and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Cen L, Xing F, Xu L, Cao Y. Potential Role of Gene Regulator NFAT5 in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6927429. [PMID: 33015193 PMCID: PMC7512074 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6927429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), a Rel/nuclear factor- (NF-) κB family member, is the only known gene regulator of the mammalian adaptive response to osmotic stress. Exposure to elevated glucose increases the expression and nuclear translocation of NFAT5, as well as NFAT5-driven transcriptional activity in vivo and in vitro. Increased expression of NFAT5 is closely correlated with the progression of diabetes in patients. The distinct structure of NFAT5 governs its physiological and pathogenic roles, indicating its opposing functions. The ability of NFAT5 to maintain cell homeostasis and proliferation is impaired in patients with diabetes. NFAT5 promotes the formation of aldose reductase, pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications, and insulin resistance. Additionally, NFAT5 activates inflammation at a very early stage of diabetes and induces persistent inflammation. Recent studies revealed that NFAT5 is an effective therapeutic target for diabetes. Here, we describe the current knowledge about NFAT5 and its relationship with diabetes, focusing on its diverse regulatory functions, and highlight the importance of this protein as a potential therapeutic target in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusha Cen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengling Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Youdian Rd. 54th, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Su W, Cao R, Zhang XY, Guan Y. Aquaporins in the kidney: physiology and pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F193-F203. [PMID: 31682170 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00304.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is the central organ involved in maintaining water and sodium balance. In human kidneys, nine aquaporins (AQPs), including AQP1-8 and AQP11, have been found and are differentially expressed along the renal tubules and collecting ducts with distinct and critical roles in the regulation of body water homeostasis and urine concentration. Dysfunction and dysregulation of these AQPs result in various water balance disorders. This review summarizes current understanding of physiological and pathophysiological roles of AQPs in the kidney, with a focus on recent progress on AQP2 regulation by the nuclear receptor transcriptional factors. This review also provides an overview of AQPs as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets for renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Probst S, Scharner B, McErlean R, Lee WK, Thévenod F. Inverse Regulation of Lipocalin-2/24p3 Receptor/SLC22A17 and Lipocalin-2 Expression by Tonicity, NFAT5/TonEBP and Arginine Vasopressin in Mouse Cortical Collecting Duct Cells mCCD(cl.1): Implications for Osmotolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215398. [PMID: 31671521 PMCID: PMC6862280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodent collecting duct (CD) expresses a 24p3/NGAL/lipocalin-2 (LCN2) receptor (SLC22A17) apically, possibly to mediate high-affinity reabsorption of filtered proteins by endocytosis, although its functions remain uncertain. Recently, we showed that hyperosmolarity/-tonicity upregulates SLC22A17 in cultured mouse inner-medullary CD cells, whereas activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), via bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), downregulates SLC22A17. This is similar to the upregulation of Aqp2 by hyperosmolarity/-tonicity and arginine vasopressin (AVP), and downregulation by TLR4 signaling, which occur via the transcription factors NFAT5 (TonEBP or OREBP), cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), and nuclear factor-kappa B, respectively. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of osmolarity/tonicity and AVP, and their associated signaling pathways, on the expression of SLC22A17 and its ligand, LCN2, in the mouse (m) cortical collecting duct cell line mCCD(cl.1). Normosmolarity/-tonicity corresponded to 300 mosmol/L, whereas the addition of 50–100 mmol/L NaCl for up to 72 h induced hyperosmolarity/-tonicity (400–500 mosmol/L). RT-PCR, qPCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy detected Slc22a17/SLC22A17 and Lcn2/LCN2 expression. RNAi silenced Nfat5, and the pharmacological agent 666-15 blocked CREB. Activation of TLR4 was induced with LPS. Similar to Aqp2, hyperosmotic/-tonic media and AVP upregulated Slc22a17/SLC22A17, via activation of NFAT5 and CREB, respectively, and LPS/TLR4 signaling downregulated Slc22a17/SLC22A17. Conversely, though NFAT5 mediated the hyperosmolarity/-tonicity induced downregulation of Lcn2/LCN2 expression, AVP reduced Lcn2/LCN2 expression and predominantly apical LCN2 secretion, evoked by LPS, through a posttranslational mode of action that was independent of CREB signaling. In conclusion, the hyperosmotic/-tonic upregulation of SLC22A17 in mCCD(cl.1) cells, via NFAT5, and by AVP, via CREB, suggests that SLC22A17 contributes to adaptive osmotolerance, whereas LCN2 downregulation could counteract increased proliferation and permanent damage of osmotically stressed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Probst
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453 Witten, Germany.
| | - Bettina Scharner
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453 Witten, Germany.
| | - Ruairi McErlean
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453 Witten, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453 Witten, Germany.
| | - Frank Thévenod
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology and ZBAF (Centre for Biomedical Education and Research), Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 12 (Thyssenhaus), D-58453 Witten, Germany.
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26
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Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that bile acids play important roles in renal physiology and diseases by activating two major receptors, the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the membrane G protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1 (Gpbar1; also known as TGR5). Both FXR and TGR5 have been identified in human and rodent kidneys, where they are deeply involved in renal water handling. In mice, FXR- or TGR5-related gene deficiency has been associated with reduced aquaporin-2 expression accompanied with impaired urinary concentration ability. In this mini-review, we briefly discuss the current understanding of FXR/TGR5 signaling in the kidneys, with a special focus on the regulation of aquaporin-2 expression by bile acids in the collecting ducts and its potential significance in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchun Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Wang H, Morris RG, Knepper MA, Zhou X. Sickle cell disease up-regulates vasopressin, aquaporin 2, urea transporter A1, Na-K-Cl cotransporter 2, and epithelial Na channels in the mouse kidney medulla despite compromising urinary concentration ability. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14066. [PMID: 31033226 PMCID: PMC6487471 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD)-induced urinary concentration defect has been proposed as caused by impaired ability of the occluded vasa recta due to red blood cell sickling to serve as countercurrent exchangers and renal tubules to absorb water and solutes. However, the exact molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The present studies were undertaken to determine the effects of SCD on vasopressin, aquaporin2 (AQP2), urea transporter A1 (UTA1), Na-K-Cl co-transporter 2 (NKCC2), epithelial Na channels (ENaC), aquaporin1 (AQP1), nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) and Src homology region-2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), an important regulator of NFAT5, in the Berkeley SCD mouse kidney medulla. Under water repletion, SCD only induced a minor urinary concentration defect associated with increased urinary vasopressin level alone with the well-known effects of vasopressin: protein abundance of AQP2, UTA1 and ENaC-β and apical targeting of AQP2 as compared with non-SCD. SCD did not significantly affect AQP1 protein level. Water restriction had no further significant effect on SCD urinary vasopressin. NFAT5 is also critical to urinary concentration. Instead, water restriction-activated NFAT5 associated with inhibition of SHP-1 in the SCD mice. Yet, water restriction only elevated urinary osmolality by 28% in these mice as opposed to 104% in non-SCD mice despite similar degree increases of protein abundance of AQP2, NKCC2 and AQP2-S256-P. Water-restriction had no significant effect on protein abundance of ENaC or AQP1 in either strain. In conclusion, under water repletion SCD, only induces a minor defect in urinary concentration because of compensation from the up-regulated vasopressin system. However, under water restriction, SCD mice struggle to concentrate urine despite activating NFAT5. SCD-induced urinary concentration defect appears to be resulted from the poor blood flow in vasa recta rather than the renal tubules' ability to absorb water and solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of MedicineUniformed Services University of Health SciencesBethesdaMaryland
| | | | | | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of MedicineUniformed Services University of Health SciencesBethesdaMaryland
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28
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Lakshmipathi J, Wheatley W, Kumar A, Mercenne G, Rodan AR, Kohan DE. Identification of NFAT5 as a transcriptional regulator of the EDN1 gene in collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F481-F487. [PMID: 30623723 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00509.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) produces very high levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) that acts as an autocrine inhibitor of IMCD Na+ and water reabsorption. Recent studies suggest that IMCD ET-1 production is enhanced by extracellular hypertonicity as can occur during high salt intake. Although NFAT5 has been implicated in the IMCD ET-1 hypertonicity response, no studies in any cell type have identified NFAT5 as a transcriptional regulator of the EDN1 gene; the current study examined this using a mouse IMCD cell line (IMCD3). Media hypertonicity increased IMCD3 ET-1 mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner associated with increased NFAT5 nuclear localization. Knockdown of NFAT5 using small-interfering RNA or by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of exon 4 of the NFAT5 gene reduced the ET-1 hypertonicity response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation using an NFAT5 antibody pulled down ET-1 promoter regions containing NFAT5 consensus binding sequences. Transfected ET-1 promoter reporter constructs revealed maximal hypertonicity-induced reporter activity in the proximal 1-kb region; mutation of the two NFAT5 consensus-binding sites in this region abolished hypertonicity-induced reporter activity. The 1-kb ET-1 promoter-reporter construct lost hypertonicity responsiveness when transfected in CRISPR/Cas9-induced NFAT5-deficient cells. In summary, these findings represent the first description that NFAT5 is a direct transcriptional regulator of the EDN1 gene in IMCD cells and point to a potentially important mechanism by which body Na+ homeostasis is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Will Wheatley
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Anil Kumar
- Metabolic Phenotyping Core, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gaelle Mercenne
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aylin R Rodan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
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29
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Casali CI, Erjavec LC, Fernández-Tome MDC. Sequential and synchronized hypertonicity-induced activation of Rel-family transcription factors is required for osmoprotection in renal cells. Heliyon 2019; 4:e01072. [PMID: 30603705 PMCID: PMC6304461 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB and TonEBP belong to the Rel-superfamily of transcription factors. Several specific stimuli, including hypertonicity which is a key factor for renal physiology, are able to activate them. It has been reported that, after hypertonic challenge, NF-κB activity can be modulated by TonEBP, considered as the master regulator of transcriptional activity in the presence of changes in environmental tonicity. In the present work we evaluated whether hypertonicity-induced gene transcription mediated by p65/RelA and TonEBP occurs by an independent action of each transcription factor or by acting together. To do this, we evaluated the expression of their specific target genes and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a common target of both transcription factors, in the renal epithelial cell line Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) subjected to hypertonic environment. The results herein indicate that hypertonicity activates the Rel-family transcription factors p65/RelA and TonEBP in MDCK cells, and that both are required for hypertonic induction of COX-2 and of their specific target genes. In addition, present data show that p65/RelA modulates TonEBP expression and both colocalize in nuclei of hypertonic cultures of MDCK cells. Thus, a sequential and synchronized action p65/RelA → TonEBP would be necessary for the expression of hypertonicity-induced protective genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia I Casali
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana C Erjavec
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Fernández-Tome
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Maeoka Y, Wu Y, Okamoto T, Kanemoto S, Guo XP, Saito A, Asada R, Matsuhisa K, Masaki T, Imaizumi K, Kaneko M. NFAT5 up-regulates expression of the kidney-specific ubiquitin ligase gene Rnf183 under hypertonic conditions in inner-medullary collecting duct cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:101-115. [PMID: 30413537 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that among the 37 RING finger protein (RNF) family members, RNF183 mRNA is specifically expressed in the kidney under normal conditions. However, the mechanism supporting its kidney-specific expression pattern remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism of the transcriptional activation of murine Rnf183 in inner-medullary collecting duct cells. Experiments with anti-RNF183 antibody revealed that RNF183 is predominantly expressed in the renal medulla. Among the 37 RNF family members, Rnf183 mRNA expression was specifically increased in hypertonic conditions, a hallmark of the renal medulla. RNF183 up-regulation was consistent with the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), a transcription factor essential for adaptation to hypertonic conditions. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of NFAT5 down-regulated RNF183 expression. Furthermore, the -3,466 to -3,136-bp region upstream of the mouse Rnf183 promoter containing the NFAT5-binding motif is conserved among mammals. A luciferase-based reporter vector containing the NFAT5-binding site was activated in response to hypertonic stress, but was inhibited by a mutation at the NFAT5-binding site. ChIP assays revealed that the binding of NFAT5 to this DNA site is enhanced by hypertonic stress. Of note, siRNA-mediated RNF183 knockdown increased hypertonicity-induced caspase-3 activation and decreased viability of mIMCD-3 cells. These results indicate that (i) RNF183 is predominantly expressed in the normal renal medulla, (ii) NFAT5 stimulates transcriptional activation of Rnf183 by binding to its cognate binding motif in the Rnf183 promoter, and (iii) RNF183 protects renal medullary cells from hypertonicity-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Maeoka
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takumi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Soshi Kanemoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Xiao Peng Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Rie Asada
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Koji Matsuhisa
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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Beaini S, Saliba Y, Hajal J, Smayra V, Bakhos JJ, Joubran N, Chelala D, Fares N. VEGF-C attenuates renal damage in salt-sensitive hypertension. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9616-9630. [PMID: 30378108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension is a major risk factor for renal impairment leading to chronic kidney disease. High-salt diet leads to hypertonic skin interstitial volume retention enhancing the activation of the tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) within macrophages leading to vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) secretion and NOS3 modulation. This promotes skin lymphangiogenesis and blood pressure regulation. Whether VEGF-C administration enhances renal and skin lymphangiogenesis and attenuates renal damage in salt-sensitive hypertension remains to be elucidated. Hypertension was induced in BALB/c mice by a high-salt diet. VEGF-C was administered subcutaneously to high-salt-treated mice as well as control animals. Analyses of kidney injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and biochemical markers were performed in vivo. VEGF-C reduced plasma inflammatory markers in salt-treated mice. In addition, VEGF-C exhibited a renal anti-inflammatory effect with the induction of macrophage M2 phenotype, followed by reductions in interstitial fibrosis. Antioxidant enzymes within the kidney as well as urinary RNA/DNA damage markers were all revelatory of abolished oxidative stress under VEGF-C. Furthermore, VEGF-C decreased the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and blood pressure as well as glomerular and tubular damages. These improvements were associated with enhanced TonEBP, NOS3, and lymphangiogenesis within the kidney and skin. Our data show that VEGF-C administration plays a major role in preserving renal histology and reducing blood pressure. VEGF-C might constitute an interesting potential therapeutic target for improving renal remodeling in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Beaini
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Smayra
- Divisions of Nephrology and Anatomopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jules-Joel Bakhos
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najat Joubran
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Saint Georges Hospital, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dania Chelala
- Divisions of Nephrology and Anatomopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nassim Fares
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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32
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Albertoni Borghese MF, Hope S, Ortiz MDC, Barchuk M, Kessler C, Davio C, Vatta M, Majowicz M. Altered expression of Aquaporin-2 in one-kidney, one-clip hypertension. Life Sci 2018; 208:72-78. [PMID: 30009821 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the regulation of Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel in the kidney of one-kidney, one-clip rats (Goldblatt-1 model). In addition, some mechanisms that underlie the role of AQP2 in the Goldblatt-1 model were evaluated. MAIN METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in three groups: control two-kidney, no clip (C, 2 K-NC); nephrectomized one-kidney, no clip (N, 1 K-NC) and Goldblatt one-kidney, one-clip (G, 1 K-1C). AQP2 expression (by westernblot, real time PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence), vasopressin V2 receptor expression (by real time PCR), cAMP concentration, NFkB and TonEBP (cytosol to nucleus ratio) were evaluated in the renal medulla. KEY FINDINGS AQP2 expression, V2 receptor expression and cAMP concentration were decreased in the renal medulla of 1 K-1C rats, NFkB translocation was favoured towards the nucleus suggesting its activation while TonEBP translocation was not altered in this model of hypertension. SIGNIFICANCE In this model of hypertension the decrease of AQP2 expression could be a mechanism that counteracts the high blood pressure promoting water excretion and this may be consequence of decreased vasopressin sensitivity and/or the increased activity of NFkB at renomedullary collecting duct level. Given that renovascular hypertension is among the most common causes of secondary hypertension, it is important to elucidate all the relevant mechanisms involved in the generation or in the compensation of the hypertensive state in order to improve the diagnoses and treatment of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Albertoni Borghese
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Hope
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Del Carmen Ortiz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí Barchuk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Kessler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Davio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Vatta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Majowicz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Jung HJ, Raghuram V, Lee JW, Knepper MA. Genome-Wide Mapping of DNA Accessibility and Binding Sites for CREB and C/EBP β in Vasopressin-Sensitive Collecting Duct Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1490-1500. [PMID: 29572403 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal water excretion is controlled by vasopressin, in part through regulation of the transcription of the aquaporin-2 gene (Aqp2).Methods To identify enhancer regions likely to be involved in the regulation of Aqp2 and other principal cell-specific genes, we used several next generation DNA-sequencing techniques in a well characterized cultured cell model of collecting duct principal cells (mpkCCD). To locate enhancers, we performed the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-Seq) to identify accessible regions of DNA and integrated the data with data generated by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next generation DNA-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) for CCCTC binding factor (CTCF) binding, histone H3 lysine-27 acetylation, and RNA polymerase II.Results We identified two high-probability enhancers centered 81 kb upstream and 5.8 kb downstream from the Aqp2 transcriptional start site. Motif analysis of these regions and the Aqp2 promoter identified several potential transcription factor binding sites, including sites for two b-ZIP transcription factors: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB). To identify genomic binding sites for both, we conducted ChIP-Seq using well characterized antibodies. In the presence of vasopressin, C/EBPβ, a pioneer transcription factor critical to cell-specific gene expression, bound strongly at the identified enhancer downstream from Aqp2 However, over multiple replicates, we found no detectable CREB binding sites within 390 kb of Aqp2 Thus, any role for CREB in the regulation of Aqp2 gene transcription is likely to be indirect.Conclusions The analysis identified two enhancer regions pertinent to transcriptional regulation of the Aqp2 gene and showed C/EBPβ (but not CREB) binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Jung
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
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Hinze C, Ruffert J, Walentin K, Himmerkus N, Nikpey E, Tenstad O, Wiig H, Mutig K, Yurtdas ZY, Klein JD, Sands JM, Branchi F, Schumann M, Bachmann S, Bleich M, Schmidt-Ott KM. GRHL2 Is Required for Collecting Duct Epithelial Barrier Function and Renal Osmoregulation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:857-868. [PMID: 29237740 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Collecting ducts make up the distal-most tubular segments of the kidney, extending from the cortex, where they connect to the nephron proper, into the medulla, where they release urine into the renal pelvis. During water deprivation, body water preservation is ensured by the selective transepithelial reabsorption of water into the hypertonic medullary interstitium mediated by collecting ducts. The collecting duct epithelium forms tight junctions composed of barrier-enforcing claudins and exhibits a higher transepithelial resistance than other segments of the renal tubule exhibit. However, the functional relevance of this strong collecting duct epithelial barrier is unresolved. Here, we report that collecting duct-specific deletion of an epithelial transcription factor, grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2), in mice led to reduced expression of tight junction-associated barrier components, reduced collecting duct transepithelial resistance, and defective renal medullary accumulation of sodium and other osmolytes. In vitro, Grhl2-deficient collecting duct cells displayed increased paracellular flux of sodium, chloride, and urea. Consistent with these effects, Grhl2-deficient mice had diabetes insipidus, produced dilute urine, and failed to adequately concentrate their urine after water restriction, resulting in susceptibility to prerenal azotemia. These data indicate a direct functional link between collecting duct epithelial barrier characteristics, which appear to prevent leakage of interstitial osmolytes into urine, and body water homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Departments of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care
| | - Janett Ruffert
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Walentin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elham Nikpey
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Olav Tenstad
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Zeliha Yesim Yurtdas
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Federica Branchi
- Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schumann
- Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; .,Departments of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care
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Systems-level identification of PKA-dependent signaling in epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8875-E8884. [PMID: 28973931 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1709123114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein stimulatory α-subunit (Gαs)-coupled heptahelical receptors regulate cell processes largely through activation of protein kinase A (PKA). To identify signaling processes downstream of PKA, we deleted both PKA catalytic subunits using CRISPR-Cas9, followed by a "multiomic" analysis in mouse kidney epithelial cells expressing the Gαs-coupled V2 vasopressin receptor. RNA-seq (sequencing)-based transcriptomics and SILAC (stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture)-based quantitative proteomics revealed a complete loss of expression of the water-channel gene Aqp2 in PKA knockout cells. SILAC-based quantitative phosphoproteomics identified 229 PKA phosphorylation sites. Most of these PKA targets are thus far unannotated in public databases. Surprisingly, 1,915 phosphorylation sites with the motif x-(S/T)-P showed increased phosphooccupancy, pointing to increased activity of one or more MAP kinases in PKA knockout cells. Indeed, phosphorylation changes associated with activation of ERK2 were seen in PKA knockout cells. The ERK2 site is downstream of a direct PKA site in the Rap1GAP, Sipa1l1, that indirectly inhibits Raf1. In addition, a direct PKA site that inhibits the MAP kinase kinase kinase Map3k5 (ASK1) is upstream of JNK1 activation. The datasets were integrated to identify a causal network describing PKA signaling that explains vasopressin-mediated regulation of membrane trafficking and gene transcription. The model predicts that, through PKA activation, vasopressin stimulates AQP2 exocytosis by inhibiting MAP kinase signaling. The model also predicts that, through PKA activation, vasopressin stimulates Aqp2 transcription through induction of nuclear translocation of the acetyltransferase EP300, which increases histone H3K27 acetylation of vasopressin-responsive genes (confirmed by ChIP-seq).
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Kim MG, Lee YJ, Choi ES, Yoon JJ, Han BH, Kang DG, Lee HS. Wiryeongtang regulates hypertonicity-induced expression of aquaporin-2 water channels in mIMCD-3 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2665-2672. [PMID: 28447712 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys have a key role in the homeostasis of water excretion and reabsorption. Water channels, particularly aquaporin-2 (AQP2), are important proteins in water homeostasis in the body through the short‑term and long-term regulation of water permeability. Wiryeongtang (WRT) is a well-known traditional oriental medicine, which is used for the treatment of chronic edema and dysuresia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of WRT on the hypertonicity-induced expression of AQP2 in the inner medullary collecting duct cell line (IMCD‑3). Western blotting, reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to determine the effect of WRT under hypertonic stress. WRT attenuated the 175 mM NaCl hypertonic stress‑induced increases in protein and mRNA levels of AQP2 and apical membrane insertion in a concentration‑dependent manner. However, no differences were observed in the levels of AQP1, AQP3 or AQP4 between the hypertonic stress and WRT groups. WRT attenuated the hypertonicity-induced phosphorylation of glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase 1. In addition, the mRNA expression of tonicity‑responsive enhancer binding protein was attenuated by WRT under hypertonic stress. Pretreatment with WRT also decreased the hypertonic stress‑induced expression of AQP2, as with KT5720, a protein kinase A inhibitor. These results provided evidence of the beneficial effect of the traditional formula WRT in regulating water balance in hypertonic stress of the renal collecting ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyeong Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sik Choi
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Yoon
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hyuk Han
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
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Hwang JR, Chou CL, Medvar B, Knepper MA, Jung HJ. Identification of β-catenin-interacting proteins in nuclear fractions of native rat collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F30-F46. [PMID: 28298358 PMCID: PMC5538839 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00054.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding the aquaporin-2 water channel is regulated transcriptionally in response to vasopressin. In the renal collecting duct, vasopressin stimulates the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation (at Ser552) of β-catenin, a multifunctional protein that acts as a transcriptional coregulator in the nucleus. The purpose of this study was to identify β-catenin-interacting proteins that might be involved in transcriptional regulation in rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells, using experimental and computational approaches. We used a standard chromatin immunoprecipitation procedure coupled to mass spectrometry (ChIP-MS) in a nuclear fraction isolated from rat IMCD suspensions. Over four biological replicates, we reproducibly identified 43 β-catenin-binding proteins, including several known β-catenin-binding partners as well as novel interacting proteins. Multiple proteins involved in transcriptional regulation were identified (Taf1, Jup, Tdrd3, Cdh1, Cenpj, and several histones). Many of the identified β-catenin-binding partners were found in prior studies to translocate to the nucleus in response to vasopressin. There was only one DNA-binding transcription factor (TF), specifically Taf1, part of the RNA-polymerase II preinitiation complex. To identify sequence-specific TFs that might interact with β-catenin, Bayes' theorem was used to integrate data from several information sources. The analysis identified several TFs with potential binding sites in the Aqp2 gene promoter that could interact with β-catenin in the regulation of Aqp2 gene transcription, specifically Jun, Junb, Jund, Atf1, Atf2, Mef2d, Usf1, Max, Pou2f1, and Rxra. The findings provide information necessary for modeling the transcriptional response to vasopressin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Hwang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barbara Medvar
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hyun Jun Jung
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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38
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Su W, Huang SZ, Gao M, Kong XM, Gustafsson JÅ, Xu SJ, Wang B, Zheng F, Chen LH, Wang NP, Guan YF, Zhang XY. Liver X receptor β increases aquaporin 2 protein level via a posttranscriptional mechanism in renal collecting ducts. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F619-F628. [PMID: 28052875 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00564.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) including LXRα and LXRβ are nuclear receptor transcription factors and play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism. It has been previously reported that mice lacking LXRβ but not LXRα develop a severe urine concentrating defect, likely via a central mechanism. Here we provide evidence that LXRβ regulates water homeostasis through increasing aquaporin 2 (AQP2) protein levels in renal collecting ducts. LXRβ-/- mice exhibited a reduced response to desmopressin (dDAVP) stimulation, suggesting that the diabetes insipidus phenotype is of both central and nephrogenic origin. AQP2 protein abundance in the renal inner medulla was significantly reduced in LXRβ-/- mice but with little change in AQP2 mRNA levels. In vitro studies showed that AQP2 protein levels were elevated upon LXR agonist treatment in both primary cultured mouse inner medullary duct cells (mIMCD) and the mIMCD3 cell line with stably expressed AQP2. In addition, LXR agonists including TO901317 and GW3965 failed to induce AQP2 gene transcription but diminished its protein ubiquitination in primary cultured mIMCD cells, thereby inhibiting its degradation. Moreover, LXR activation-induced AQP2 protein expression was abolished by the protease inhibitor MG132 and the ubiquitination-deficient AQP2 (K270R). Taken together, the present study demonstrates that activation of LXRβ increases AQP2 protein levels in the renal collecting ducts via a posttranscriptional mechanism. As such, LXRβ represents a key regulator of body water homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi-Zheng Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mu Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Su-Juan Xu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Hong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan-Ping Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - You-Fei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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39
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs ) are a family of membrane water channels that basically function as regulators of intracellular and intercellular water flow. To date, thirteen AQPs , which are distributed widely in specific cell types in various organs and tissues, have been characterized in humans. Four AQP monomers, each of which consists of six membrane-spanning alpha-helices that have a central water-transporting pore, assemble to form tetramers, forming the functional units in the membrane. AQP facilitates osmotic water transport across plasma membranes and thus transcellular fluid movement. The cellular functions of aquaporins are regulated by posttranslational modifications , e.g. phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, subcellular distribution, degradation, and protein interactions. Insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulated aquaporin trafficking and synthesis is proving to be fundamental for development of novel therapeutic targets or reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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40
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Schulze Blasum B, Schröter R, Neugebauer U, Hofschröer V, Pavenstädt H, Ciarimboli G, Schlatter E, Edemir B. The kidney-specific expression of genes can be modulated by the extracellular osmolality. FASEB J 2016; 30:3588-3597. [PMID: 27464968 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600319r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With this study, we wanted to prove the hypothesis that the unique extracellular osmolality within the renal medulla modulates a specific gene expression pattern. The physiologic functions of the kidneys are mediated by the segment-specific expression of key proteins. So far, we have limited knowledge about the mechanisms that control this gene expression pattern. The hyperosmolality in the renal medullary interstitium is of major importance as a driving force for urine concentration. We made use of primarily cultured rat renal inner medullary collecting-duct cells and microarray analysis to identify genes affected by the environmental osmolality of the culture medium. We identified hundreds of genes that were either induced or repressed in expression by hyperosmolality in a time- and osmolality-dependent fashion. Further analysis demonstrated that many of them, physiologically, showed a kidney- and even collecting-duct-specific expression, including secreted proteins, kinases, and transcription factors. On the other hand, we identified factors, down-regulated in expression, that have a diuretic effect. In conclusion, the kidney is the only organ that has such a hyperosmotic environment, and study provides an excellent method for controlling tissue-specific gene expression.-Schulze Blasum, B., Schröter, R., Neugebauer, U., Hofschröer, V., Pavenstädt, H., Ciarimboli, G., Schlatter E., Edemir, B. The kidney-specific expression of genes can be modulated by the extracellular osmolality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Schulze Blasum
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rita Schröter
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Hofschröer
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Guiliano Ciarimboli
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schlatter
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bayram Edemir
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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41
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Chua OWH, Wong KKL, Ko BC, Chung SK, Chow BKC, Lee LTO. Role of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 in regulating hypertonic-mediated secretin receptor expression in kidney collecting duct cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:922-32. [PMID: 27080132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that secretin (SCT) is an important element in the osmoregulatory pathway. It is interesting to note that both SCT and its receptor (SCTR) gene are activated upon hyperosmolality in the kidney. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of the SCTR gene expression in response to changes in osmolality have yet to be clarified. Detailed DNA sequence analysis of the promoter regions of the SCTR gene reveals the presence of multiple osmotic response elements (ORE). The ORE is the binding site of a key osmosensitive transactivator, namely, the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5). SCTR and NFAT5 are co-expressed in the kidney cortex and medulla collecting duct cells. We therefore hypothesize that NFAT5 is responsible for modulating SCTR expression in hypertonic environments. In this study, we found hypertonicity stimulates the promoter activities and endogenous gene expression of SCTR in mouse kidney cortex collecting duct cells (M1) and inner medulla collecting duct cells (mIMCD3). The overexpression and silencing of NFAT5 further confirmed it to be responsible for the up-regulation of the SCTR gene under hypertonic conditions. A significant increase in the interaction between NFAT5 and the SCTR promoter was also observed following chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. In vivo, osmotic stress up-regulates the SCTR gene in the kidney cortex and medulla of wild-type mice, but does not do so in NFAT5(+/-) animals. Hence, this study provides comprehensive information on how NFAT5 regulates SCTR expression in different osmotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar W H Chua
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K L Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben C Ko
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sookja K Chung
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; HBHA Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Billy K C Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo T O Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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42
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Landegren N, Pourmousa Lindberg M, Skov J, Hallgren Å, Eriksson D, Lisberg Toft-Bertelsen T, MacAulay N, Hagforsen E, Räisänen-Sokolowski A, Saha H, Nilsson T, Nordmark G, Ohlsson S, Gustafsson J, Husebye ES, Larsson E, Anderson MS, Perheentupa J, Rorsman F, Fenton RA, Kämpe O. Autoantibodies Targeting a Collecting Duct-Specific Water Channel in Tubulointerstitial Nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3220-3228. [PMID: 26984885 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial nephritis is a common cause of kidney failure and may have diverse etiologies. This form of nephritis is sometimes associated with autoimmune disease, but the role of autoimmune mechanisms in disease development is not well understood. Here, we present the cases of three patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 who developed tubulointerstitial nephritis and ESRD in association with autoantibodies against kidney collecting duct cells. One of the patients developed autoantibodies targeting the collecting duct-specific water channel aquaporin 2, whereas autoantibodies of the two other patients reacted against the HOXB7 or NFAT5 transcription factors, which regulate the aquaporin 2 promoter. Our findings suggest that tubulointerstitial nephritis developed in these patients as a result of an autoimmune insult on the kidney collecting duct cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Landegren
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala Unversity, Uppsala, Sweden;
| | | | - Jakob Skov
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala Unversity, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Hallgren
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala Unversity, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eriksson
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala Unversity, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Räisänen-Sokolowski
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Saha
- Department of Medicine, Tampere University Hospital Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Eystein S Husebye
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Larsson
- Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jaakko Perheentupa
- The Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | | | - Robert A Fenton
- Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olle Kämpe
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala Unversity, Uppsala, Sweden
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43
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Vukićević T, Schulz M, Faust D, Klussmann E. The Trafficking of the Water Channel Aquaporin-2 in Renal Principal Cells-a Potential Target for Pharmacological Intervention in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:23. [PMID: 26903868 PMCID: PMC4749865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) stimulates the redistribution of water channels, aquaporin-2 (AQP2) from intracellular vesicles into the plasma membrane of renal collecting duct principal cells. By this AVP directs 10% of the water reabsorption from the 170 L of primary urine that the human kidneys produce each day. This review discusses molecular mechanisms underlying the AVP-induced redistribution of AQP2; in particular, it provides an overview over the proteins participating in the control of its localization. Defects preventing the insertion of AQP2 into the plasma membrane cause diabetes insipidus. The disease can be acquired or inherited, and is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. Vice versa, up-regulation of the system causing a predominant localization of AQP2 in the plasma membrane leads to excessive water retention and hyponatremia as in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), late stage heart failure or liver cirrhosis. This article briefly summarizes the currently available pharmacotherapies for the treatment of such water balance disorders, and discusses the value of newly identified mechanisms controlling AQP2 for developing novel pharmacological strategies. Innovative concepts for the therapy of water balance disorders are required as there is a medical need due to the lack of causal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vukićević
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Schulz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Dörte Faust
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular ResearchBerlin, Germany
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Pickering CM, Grady C, Medvar B, Emamian M, Sandoval PC, Zhao Y, Yang CR, Jung HJ, Chou CL, Knepper MA. Proteomic profiling of nuclear fractions from native renal inner medullary collecting duct cells. Physiol Genomics 2015; 48:154-66. [PMID: 26508704 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00090.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of renal water excretion occurs in part by regulation of transcription in response to vasopressin in cells of the collecting duct. A systems biology-based approach to understanding transcriptional control in renal collecting duct cells depends on knowledge of what transcription factors and other regulatory proteins are present in the cells' nuclei. The goal of this article is to report comprehensive proteomic profiling of cellular fractions enriched in nuclear proteins from native inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells of the rat. Multidimensional separation procedures and state-of-the art protein mass spectrometry produced 18 GB of spectral data that allowed the high-stringency identification of 5,048 proteins in nuclear pellet (NP) and nuclear extract (NE) fractions of biochemically isolated rat IMCD cells (URL: https://helixweb.nih.gov/ESBL/Database/IMCD_Nucleus/). The analysis identified 369 transcription factor proteins out of the 1,371 transcription factors coded by the rat genome. The analysis added 1,511 proteins to the recognized proteome of rat IMCD cells, now amounting to 8,290 unique proteins. Analysis of samples treated with the vasopressin analog dDAVP (1 nM for 30 min) or its vehicle revealed 99 proteins in the NP fraction and 88 proteins in the NE fraction with significant changes in spectral counts (Fisher exact test, P < 0.005). Among those altered by vasopressin were seven distinct histone proteins, all of which showed decreased abundance in the NP fraction, consistent with a possible effect of vasopressin to induce chromatin remodeling. The results provide a data resource for future studies of vasopressin-mediated transcriptional regulation in the renal collecting duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Pickering
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cameron Grady
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barbara Medvar
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Milad Emamian
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pablo C Sandoval
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yue Zhao
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hyun Jun Jung
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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45
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Küper C, Beck FX, Neuhofer W. Dual effect of lithium on NFAT5 activity in kidney cells. Front Physiol 2015; 6:264. [PMID: 26441681 PMCID: PMC4585311 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium salts are used widely for treatment of bipolar and other mental disorders. Lithium therapy is accompanied frequently by renal side effects, such as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus or chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are still poorly understood. In the present study we examined the effect of lithium on the activity of the osmosensitive transcriptional activator nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5, also known as TonEBP), which plays a key role in renal cellular osmoprotection and urinary concentrating ability. Interestingly, we found different effects of lithium on NFAT5 activity, depending on medium osmolality and incubation time. When cells were exposed to lithium for a relative short period (24 h), NFAT5 activity was significantly increased, especially under isosmotic conditions, resulting in an enhanced expression of the NFAT5 target gene heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Further analysis revealed that the increase of NFAT5 activity depended primarily on an enhanced activity of the c-terminal transactivation domain (TAD), while NFAT5 protein abundance was largely unaffected. Enhanced activity of the TAD is probably mediated by lithium-induced inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), which is in accordance with previous studies. When cells were exposed to lithium for a longer period (96 h), cellular NFAT5 activity and subsequently expression of HSP70 significantly decreased under hyperosmotic conditions, due to diminished NFAT5 protein abundance, also resulting from GSK-3β inhibition. Taken together, our results provide evidence that lithium has opposing effects on NFAT5 activity, depending on environmental osmolality and exposure duration. The potential impacts of these observations on the diverse effects of lithium on kidney function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Küper
- Department of Physiology, University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Neuhofer
- Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
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Guo K, Jin F. NFAT5 promotes proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells in part through regulating AQP5 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:644-9. [PMID: 26299924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The osmoregulated transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5(NFAT5), has been found to play important roles in the development of many kinds of human cancers, including breast cancer, colon carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and melanoma. The aim of the present study was to determine whether NFAT5 is involved in the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. We found that NFAT5 was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cells and knockdown of NFAT5 decreased proliferation and migration of the cells, accompanied by a significant reduction in the expression of AQP5. AQP5 was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cells and knockdown of AQP5 also inhibited proliferation and migration of the cells as knockdown of NFAT5 did. Moreover, overexpression of NFAT5 promoted proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells, accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of AQP5. These results indicate that NFAT5 plays important roles in proliferation and migration of human lung adenocarcinoma cells through regulating AQP5 expression, providing a new therapeutic option for lung adenocarcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Respiration, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Department of Respiration, 161th Hospital, PLA, Wuhan 430015, China.
| | - Faguang Jin
- Department of Respiration, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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Abstract
Desert rodents face a sizeable challenge in maintaining salt and water homeostasis due to their life in an arid environment. A number of their organ systems exhibit functional characteristics that limit water loss above that which occurs in non-desert species under similar conditions. These systems include renal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, nasal, and skin epithelia. The desert rodent kidney preserves body water by producing a highly concentrated urine that reaches a maximum osmolality nearly three times that of the common laboratory rat. The precise mechanism by which urine is concentrated in any mammal is unknown. Insights into the process may be more apparent in species that produce highly concentrated urine. Aquaporin water channels play a fundamental role in water transport in several desert rodent organ systems. The role of aquaporins in facilitating highly effective water preservation in desert rodents is only beginning to be explored. The organ systems of desert rodents and their associated AQPs are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Pannabecker
- Department of Physiology, AHSC 4128, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5051
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48
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Cha SA, Park BM, Jung YJ, Kim SM, Kang KP, Kim W, Kim SH. Regional heterogeneity of expression of renal NPRs, TonEBP, and AQP-2 mRNAs in rats with acute kidney injury. Peptides 2015; 69:33-9. [PMID: 25858778 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To understand the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) - induced acute kidney injury (AKI), the present study defined changes in renal function, plasma renotropic hormones and its receptors in the kidney 2, 5, or 7 days after 45 min-renal ischemia in rats. Blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and osmolarity increased 2 days after I/R injury and tended to return to control level 7 days after I/R injury. Decreased renal function tended to return to control level 5 days after I/R injury. However, plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide and renin did not change. In control kidney, natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A, -B and -C mRNAs were highly expressed in medulla (ME), inner cortex (IC), and outer cortex (OC), respectively, and tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP), auqaporin-2 (AQP-2) and eNOS mRNAs were highly expressed in ME. NPR-A and -B mRNA expressions were markedly decreased 2 days after I/R injury. On 5 days after I/R injury, NPR-A mRNA expression increased in OC and recovered to control level in IC but not in ME. NPR-B mRNA expression was increased in OC, and recovered to control level in IC and ME. NPR-C mRNA expression was markedly decreased in OC 2 and 5 days after I/R injury. TonEBP, APQ-2 and eNOS mRNA expressions were markedly decreased 2 days after I/R injury and did not recover in ME 7 days after I/R injury. Therefore, we suggest that there is a regional heterogeneity of regulation of renal NPRs, TonEBP, and APQ-2 mRNA in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ah Cha
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Mun Park
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Mi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Pyo Kang
- Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhn Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Pearce D, Soundararajan R, Trimpert C, Kashlan OB, Deen PM, Kohan DE. Collecting duct principal cell transport processes and their regulation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10:135-46. [PMID: 24875192 PMCID: PMC4284417 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.05760513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The principal cell of the kidney collecting duct is one of the most highly regulated epithelial cell types in vertebrates. The effects of hormonal, autocrine, and paracrine factors to regulate principal cell transport processes are central to the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance in the face of wide variations in food and water intake. In marked contrast with the epithelial cells lining the proximal tubule, the collecting duct is electrically tight, and ion and osmotic gradients can be very high. The central role of principal cells in salt and water transport is reflected by their defining transporters-the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC), the renal outer medullary K(+) channel, and the aquaporin 2 (AQP2) water channel. The coordinated regulation of ENaC by aldosterone, and AQP2 by arginine vasopressin (AVP) in principal cells is essential for the control of plasma Na(+) and K(+) concentrations, extracellular fluid volume, and BP. In addition to these essential hormones, additional neuronal, physical, and chemical factors influence Na(+), K(+), and water homeostasis. Notably, a variety of secreted paracrine and autocrine agents such as bradykinin, ATP, endothelin, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 counterbalance and limit the natriferic effects of aldosterone and the water-retaining effects of AVP. Considerable recent progress has improved our understanding of the transporters, receptors, second messengers, and signaling events that mediate principal cell responses to changing environments in health and disease. This review primarily addresses the structure and function of the key transporters and the complex interplay of regulatory factors that modulate principal cell ion and water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pearce
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christiane Trimpert
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ossama B. Kashlan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Peter M.T. Deen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Donald E. Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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50
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Küper C, Beck FX, Neuhofer W. Generation of a conditional knockout allele for the NFAT5 gene in mice. Front Physiol 2015; 5:507. [PMID: 25601839 PMCID: PMC4283511 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The osmosensitive transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5), also known as tonicity enhancer element binding protein (TonEBP) plays a crucial role in protection of renal medullary cells against hyperosmotic stress, urinary concentration, the adaptive immune response, and other physiological systems. Since it is also important for development, conventional homozygous-null mutations result in perinatal death, which hinders the analysis of NFAT5 function in specific tissues in vivo. Here we describe the generation of mice with a conditional-null allele, in which loxP sites are inserted around exon 4. Mice harboring the floxed allele (NFAT5flx) were mated to a strain expressing a tamoxifen-inducible derivative of the Cre-recombinase (Cre+) under the control of the ubiqitinC promoter. The resultant homozygous conditional knockout mice (Cre+ NFAT5flx/flx) are viable, fertile, and show normal expression of NFAT5 and NFAT5 target genes, indicating that the conditional alleles retain their wild-type function. Induction of Cre-mediated recombination by administration of tamoxifen in 8-week-old mice resulted in a decrease in NFAT5 expression of about 70–90% in all tested tissues (renal cortex, renal outer medulla, renal inner medulla, heart, lung, spleen, skeletal muscle). Accordingly, the expression of the NFAT5 target genes aldose reductase and heat shock protein 70 in the renal medulla was also significantly decreased. Mice harboring this conditional knockout allele should be useful in future studies for gaining a better understanding of tissue and cell-type specific functions of NFAT5 in adult animals under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Küper
- Department of Physiology, University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Neuhofer
- Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
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