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Ito Y, Sun T, Tawada M, Kinashi H, Yamaguchi M, Katsuno T, Kim H, Mizuno M, Ishimoto T. Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Peritoneal Fibrosis and Peritoneal Membrane Dysfunction in Peritoneal Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8607. [PMID: 39201294 PMCID: PMC11354376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The characteristic feature of chronic peritoneal damage in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a decline in ultrafiltration capacity associated with pathological fibrosis and angiogenesis. The pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis is attributed to bioincompatible factors of PD fluid and peritonitis. Uremia is associated with peritoneal membrane inflammation that affects fibrosis, neoangiogenesis, and baseline peritoneal membrane function. Net ultrafiltration volume is affected by capillary surface area, vasculopathy, peritoneal fibrosis, and lymphangiogenesis. Many inflammatory cytokines induce fibrogenic growth factors, with crosstalk between macrophages and fibroblasts. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A are the key mediators of fibrosis and angiogenesis, respectively. Bioincompatible factors of PD fluid upregulate TGF-β expression by mesothelial cells that contributes to the development of fibrosis. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis can progress during fibrosis via TGF-β-VEGF-A/C pathways. Complement activation occurs in fungal peritonitis and progresses insidiously during PD. Analyses of the human peritoneal membrane have clarified the mechanisms by which encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis develops. Different effects of dialysates on the peritoneal membrane were also recognized, particularly in terms of vascular damage. Understanding the pathophysiologies of the peritoneal membrane will lead to preservation of peritoneal membrane function and improvements in technical survival, mortality, and quality of life for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (H.K.); (M.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (H.K.); (M.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Tawada
- Department of Nephrology, Imaike Jin Clinic, Nagoya 464-0850, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinashi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (H.K.); (M.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Makoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (H.K.); (M.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Takayuki Katsuno
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University Medical Center, Okazaki 444-2148, Japan;
| | - Hangsoo Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (H.K.); (M.Y.); (T.I.)
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Takahashi K, Tsuji K, Nakanoh H, Fukushima K, Kitamura S, Wada J. Preventive effect of culture supernatant of epithelial-like peritoneal mesothelial cells on peritoneal fibrosis. Perit Dial Int 2024; 44:211-215. [PMID: 38017611 DOI: 10.1177/08968608231213577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a primary reason for discontinuing peritoneal dialysis, which involves characteristic changes of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs). We previously reported preventive effects of implanting human epithelial-like PMCs (P-Epi) for mouse PF caused by mechanical peritoneum scrapings. In the present study, we analysed the preventive effects of culture supernatant of P-Epi in PF. Concentrated culture supernatant of P-Epi or human fibroblast-like PMCs (P-Fibro) or vehicles was injected into nude mice that had undergone mechanical scraping of the parietal and visceral peritoneum, and thickness and amount of adhesions were analysed. Although increased peritoneal adhesions and peritoneum thickening were observed in the vehicle-injected positive control group compared to the sham operation group, fewer number of adhesions and less thickness were observed in the mice treated with culture supernatant of P-Epi, but not P-Fibro, compared to the vehicle-injected positive controls. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed that the expression of extracellular matrix, type I collagen and fibronectin, was lower in the mice treated with culture supernatant of P-Epi than in the vehicle-injected positive controls. In addition, exosomes from P-Epi significantly reduced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced expressions of type I collagen and fibronectin in 3T3 fibroblast cells. Collectively, culture supernatant of P-Epi has preventive effects on PF, thus cell therapy is not necessarily required. Further exploration of substances secreted by P-Epi and their protective mechanisms could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies to limit PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuji
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakanoh
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shinji Kitamura
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
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Tang L, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Li M, Song H, Chen H, Li W, Li X. Vitamin D3 alleviates lung fibrosis of type 2 diabetic rats via SIRT3 mediated suppression of pyroptosis. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1618-1627. [PMID: 37530936 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate whether pulmonary fibrosis occurs in type 2 diabetes rat models and whether VD3 can prevent it by inhibiting pyroptosis. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to normal control (NC), diabetic model control (MC), low-dose VD3 (LVD), medium-dose VD3 (MVD), high-dose VD3 (HVD) and metformin positive control (PC) groups. Type 2 diabetes model was induced by a high-sugar, high-fat diet combined with STZ injection, and subsequently intervened with VD3 or metformin for 10 weeks. Blood glucose, body weight, food intake, water intake, urine volume, morphology, lung hydroxyproline level, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining, inflammatory cytokines secretion and related protein expression were analyzed. RESULTS Diabetic rats exhibited significant impairments in fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, body weight, food intake, water intake, and urine volume. While morphological parameters, diabetic rats exhibited severe lung fibrosis. Intriguingly, VD3 intervention reversed, at least in part, the diabetes-induced alterations. The expression of pyroptosis-related proteins was up-regulated in diabetic lungs whereas the changes were reversed by VD3. In the meanwhile, SIRT3 expression was down-regulated in diabetic lungs while VD3 up-regulated it. CONCLUSION Fibrotic changes were observed in diabetic rat lung tissue and our study indicates that VD3 may effectively ameliorate diabetic pulmonary fibrosis via SIRT3-mediated suppression of pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yangyang Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hanlu Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Jo CH, Kim S, Ha TK, Kang DH, Kim GH. Effects of sitagliptin on peritoneal membrane: The potential role of mesothelial cell tight junction proteins. Perit Dial Int 2023; 43:448-456. [PMID: 36998201 DOI: 10.1177/08968608231158224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of tight junction (TJ) proteins in peritoneal membrane transport and peritoneal dialysis (PD) require further characterisation. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 is expressed in mesothelial cells, and its activity may affect peritoneal membrane function and morphology. METHODS Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were isolated and cultured from omentum obtained during abdominal surgery, and paracellular transport functions were evaluated by measuring transmesothelial electrical resistance (TMER) and dextran flux. Sprague-Dawley rats were infused daily with 4.25% peritoneal dialysate with and without sitagliptin administration for 8 weeks. At the end of this period, rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) were isolated to evaluate TJ protein expression. RESULTS In HPMCs, the protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-15, occludin and E-cadherin was decreased by TGF-β treatment but reversed by sitagliptin co-treatment. TMER was decreased by TGF-β treatment but improved by sitagliptin co-treatment. Consistent with this, dextran flux was increased by TGF-β treatment and reversed by sitagliptin co-treatment. In the animal experiment, sitagliptin-treated rats had a lower D2/D0 glucose ratio and a higher D2/P2 creatinine ratio than PD controls during the peritoneal equilibration test. Protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-15 and E-cadherin decreased in RPMCs from PD controls but was not affected in those from sitagliptin-treated rats. Peritoneal fibrosis was induced in PD controls but ameliorated in sitagliptin-treated rats. CONCLUSION The expression of TJ proteins including claudin-1 and claudin-15 was associated with transport function both in HPMCs and in a rat model of PD. Sitagliptin prevents peritoneal fibrosis in PD and can potentially restore peritoneal mesothelial cell TJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor Ho Jo
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sua Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Ha
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheun-Ho Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Huang W, Xia D, Bi W, Lai X, Yu B, Chen W. Advances in stem cell therapy for peritoneal fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:293. [PMID: 37817212 PMCID: PMC10566108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a pathophysiological condition caused by a variety of pathogenic factors. The most important features of PF are mesothelial-mesenchymal transition and accumulation of activated (myo-)fibroblasts, which hinder effective treatment; thus, it is critical to identify other practical approaches. Recently, stem cell (SC) therapy has been indicated to be a potential strategy for this disease. Increasing evidence suggests that many kinds of SCs alleviate PF mainly by differentiating into mesothelial cells; secreting cytokines and extracellular vesicles; or modulating immune cells, particularly macrophages. However, there are relatively few articles summarizing research in this direction. In this review, we summarize the risk factors for PF and discuss the therapeutic roles of SCs from different sources. In addition, we outline effective approaches and potential mechanisms of SC therapy for PF. We hope that our review of articles in this area will provide further inspiration for research on the use of SCs in PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendi Bi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Kameishi S, Dunn CM, Oka M, Kim K, Cho YK, Song SU, Grainger DW, Okano T. Rapid and effective preparation of clonal bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell sheets to reduce renal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4421. [PMID: 36932137 PMCID: PMC10023793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic "off-the-shelf" mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy requires scalable, quality-controlled cell manufacturing and distribution systems to provide clinical-grade products using cryogenic cell banking. However, previous studies report impaired cell function associated with administering freeze-thawed MSCs as single cell suspensions, potentially compromising reliable therapeutic efficacy. Using long-term culture-adapted clinical-grade clonal human bone marrow MSCs (cBMSCs) in this study, we engineered cBMSC sheets in 24 h to provide rapid preparation. We then sought to determine the influence of cBMSC freeze-thawing on both in vitro production of pro-regenerative factors and in vivo ability to reduce renal fibrosis in a rat model compared to freshly harvested cBMSCs. Sheets from freeze-thawed cBMSCs sheets exhibited comparable in vitro protein production and gene expression of pro-regenerative factors [e.g., hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin 10 (IL-10)] to freshly harvested cBMSC sheets. Additionally, freeze-thawed cBMSC sheets successfully suppressed renal fibrosis in vivo in an established rat ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Despite previous studies reporting that freeze-thawed MSCs exhibit impaired cell functions compared to fresh MSC single cell suspensions, cell sheets engineered from freeze-thawed cBMSCs do not exhibit impaired cell functions, supporting critical steps toward future clinical translation of cBMSC-based kidney disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumako Kameishi
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Health Sciences, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
| | - Celia M Dunn
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Masatoshi Oka
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Health Sciences, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Health Sciences, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | | | - Sun U Song
- SCM Lifescience Co., Ltd., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - David W Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Health Sciences, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Health Sciences, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kim BY, Choi SH, Kim JY, Ko J, Yook JI, Kim HS, Lee EJ, Kikkawa DO, Yoon JS. Potential Therapeutic Role of Bone Morphogenic Protein 7 (BMP7) in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:7. [PMID: 35671049 PMCID: PMC9187939 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated a role of bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7), a member of the TGF-β superfamily on pathogenic mechanism of Graves' orbitopathy (GO). The therapeutic effects of BMP7 on inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated in cultured Graves' orbital fibroblasts. Methods Expression of BMP7 was compared in cultured orbital tissue explants from GO (n = 12) and normal control (n = 12) subjects using real-time PCR. Orbital fibroblasts were cultured from orbital connective tissues obtained from GO (n = 3) and normal control patients (n = 3). Cells were pretreated with recombinant human BMP7 (rhBMP7) before stimulation with TGF-β, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Fibrosis-related proteins and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by Western blotting. The activation of signaling molecules in inflammation and fibrosis was also analyzed. Results The expressions of BMP7 mRNA were lower in GO orbital tissues than control. Fibrosis-related proteins, fibronectin, collagen 1α, and α-SMA induced by TGF-β were suppressed by treating rhBMP7, and rhBMP7 upregulated TGF-β induced SMAD1/5/8 protein expression, whereas downregulated SMAD2/3. Increased pro-inflammatory molecules, IL-6, IL-8, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by IL-1β or TNF-α were blocked by rhBMP7 treatment, and the expression of phosphorylated NFκB and Akt was suppressed by rhBMP7 treatment. Conclusions BMP7 transcript levels were downregulated in Graves' orbital tissues. Exogenous BMP7 treatment showed inhibitory effects on the production of profibrotic proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in orbital fibroblasts. Our results provide a molecular basis of BMP7 as a new potential therapeutic agent through the opposing mechanism of profibrotic TGF-β/SMAD signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yi Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JaeSang Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Don O Kikkawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Fibrosis of Peritoneal Membrane as Target of New Therapies in Peritoneal Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094831. [PMID: 35563220 PMCID: PMC9102299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an efficient renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. Even if it ensures an outcome equivalent to hemodialysis and a better quality of life, in the long-term, PD is associated with the development of peritoneal fibrosis and the consequents patient morbidity and PD technique failure. This unfavorable effect is mostly due to the bio-incompatibility of PD solution (mainly based on high glucose concentration). In the present review, we described the mechanisms and the signaling pathway that governs peritoneal fibrosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells, and angiogenesis. Lastly, we summarize the present and future strategies for developing more biocompatible PD solutions.
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Role of IGF-1R in epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:630-639. [PMID: 35325324 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is caused by epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) in the peritoneum under high glucose (HG) conditions. The study aimed to explored the role of Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in the regulation of EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). METHODS We used HG peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) to induce in vivo PF in mice, and treated HPMCs with HG in vitro to stimulate EMT. RESULTS In the mice, the higher the glucose concentration in the dialysate, the more obvious the peritoneal tissue thickening and the more that collagen was deposited. The in vitro study indicated that the expression of IGF-1R, α-SMA, vimentin was upregulated, while the expression of occludin, ZO-1, and E-cadherin was downregulated in HPMCs under HG and IGF-1R overexpression conditions. Conversely, the expression of IGF-1R, α-SMA, and vimentin was downregulated, while the expression of occludin, ZO-1, and E-cadherin was upregulated in IGF-1R-underexpressed HPMCs under HG conditions. The cell migration abilities were increased, while the cell adhesion abilities were reduced in HPMCs under HG and IGF-1R overexpression conditions. In contrast, cell migration abilities were reduced, while cell adhesion abilities were increased in IGF-1Runderexpressed HPMCs under HG conditions. CONCLUSIONS Targeting at IGF-1R may provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of PF.
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Devocelle A, Lecru L, Ferlicot S, Bessede T, Candelier JJ, Giron-Michel J, François H. IL-15 Prevents Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Collagen Synthesis: A New Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11698. [PMID: 34769128 PMCID: PMC8583733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), secondary to renal fibrogenesis, is a public health burden. The activation of interstitial myofibroblasts and excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are major events leading to end-stage kidney disease. Recently, interleukin-15 (IL-15) has been implicated in fibrosis protection in several organs, with little evidence in the kidney. Since endogenous IL-15 expression decreased in nephrectomized human allografts evolving toward fibrosis and kidneys in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model, we explored IL-15's renoprotective role by pharmologically delivering IL-15 coupled or not with its soluble receptor IL-15Rα. Despite the lack of effects on myofibroblast accumulation, both IL-15 treatments prevented tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) in UUO as characterized by reduced collagen and fibronectin deposition. Moreover, IL-15 treatments inhibited collagen and fibronectin secretion by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-treated primary myofibroblast cultures, demonstrating that the antifibrotic effect of IL-15 in UUO acts, in part, through a direct inhibition of ECM synthesis by myofibroblasts. In addition, IL-15 treatments resulted in decreased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and subsequent macrophage infiltration in UUO. Taken together, our study highlights a major role of IL-15 on myofibroblasts and macrophages, two main effector cells in renal fibrosis, demonstrating that IL-15 may represent a new therapeutic option for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Devocelle
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807 Villejuif, France; (A.D.); (L.L.); (J.-J.C.)
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lola Lecru
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807 Villejuif, France; (A.D.); (L.L.); (J.-J.C.)
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Ferlicot
- Service d’Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
| | - Thomas Bessede
- Service d’Urologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
| | - Jean-Jacques Candelier
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807 Villejuif, France; (A.D.); (L.L.); (J.-J.C.)
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Giron-Michel
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807 Villejuif, France; (A.D.); (L.L.); (J.-J.C.)
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hélène François
- INSERM UMR_S1155, Tenon Hospital, 75020 Paris, France
- Soins Intensifs Néphrologiques et Rein Aigu (SINRA), Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, 75020 Paris, France
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11
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Fu H, Gui Y, Liu S, Wang Y, Bastacky SI, Qiao Y, Zhang R, Bonin C, Hargis G, Yu Y, Kreutzer DL, Biswas PS, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Tian XJ, Liu Y, Zhou D. The hepatocyte growth factor/c-met pathway is a key determinant of the fibrotic kidney local microenvironment. iScience 2021; 24:103112. [PMID: 34622165 PMCID: PMC8479790 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney local microenvironment (KLM) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. However, the composition and regulation of a fibrotic KLM remain unclear. Through a multidisciplinary approach, we investigated the roles of the hepatocyte growth factor/c-met signaling pathway in regulating KLM formation in various chronic kidney disease (CKD) models. We performed a retrospective analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data and determined that tubular epithelial cells and macrophages are two major cell populations in a fibrotic kidney. We then created a mathematical model that predicted loss of c-met in tubular cells would cause greater responses to injury than loss of c-met in macrophages. By generating c-met conditional knockout mice, we validated that loss of c-met influences epithelial plasticity, myofibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix synthesis/degradation, which ultimately determined the characteristics of the fibrotic KLM. Our findings open the possibility of designing effective therapeutic strategies to retard CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuan Gui
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sheldon Ira Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Christopher Bonin
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Geneva Hargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yanbao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Donald L Kreutzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Partha Sarathi Biswas
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Tian
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Youhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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12
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Azevedo C, Pinto S, Benjakul S, Nilsen J, Santos HA, Traverso G, Andersen JT, Sarmento B. Prevention of diabetes-associated fibrosis: Strategies in FcRn-targeted nanosystems for oral drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113778. [PMID: 33887405 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an elevated risk of micro- and macrovascular complications, such as fibrosis. To prevent diabetes-associated fibrosis, the symptomatology of diabetes must be controlled, which is commonly done by subcutaneous injection of antidiabetic peptides. To minimize the pain and distress associated with such injections, there is an urgent need for non-invasive oral transmucosal drug delivery strategies. However, orally administered peptide-based drugs are exposed to harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and poorly cross the selective intestinal epithelium. Thus, targeting of drugs to receptors expressed in epithelial cells, such as the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), may therefore enhance uptake and transport through mucosal barriers. This review compiles how in-depth studies of FcRn biology and engineering of receptor-binding molecules may pave the way for design of new classes of FcRn-targeted nanosystems. Tailored strategies may open new avenues for oral drug delivery and provide better treatment options for diabetes and, consequently, fibrosis prevention.
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13
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Hepatocyte growth factor ameliorates methylglyoxal-induced peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis in mouse model. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 25:935-943. [PMID: 33909175 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-021-02067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is essential for patients with end-stage renal disease. Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a complex inflammatory, fibrogenic process. No effective treatments are available to prevent these processes. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. The aim of this study was to analyze whether HGF suppresses MGO-induced peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model. METHODS PF was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injections of MGO for 14 days. C57/BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: Sham group (only vehicle); Sham + MGO group (PF induced by MGO); and HGF + MGO group (PF mice treated with recombinant human-HGF). PF was assessed from tissue samples by Masson's trichrome staining. Inflammation and fibrosis-associated factors were assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS MGO-injected mice showed significant thickening of the submesothelial compact zone with PF. Treatment with HGF significantly reduced PM thickness and suppressed the expression of collagen I and III and α-SMA. Expression of profibrotic and proinflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β) was reduced by HGF treatment. The number of macrophages, and M1 and M2 macrophage-related markers, such as CD86, CD206, and CD163, was reduced in HGF + MGO mice. CONCLUSION HGF attenuates MGO-induced PF in mice. Furthermore, HGF treatment reduces myofibroblast and macrophage infiltration, and attenuates the upregulated expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes in peritoneal tissues. HGF might be an effective approach to prevent the development of PF in patients undergoing PD.
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14
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Qin X, Xu Y, Zhou X, Gong T, Zhang ZR, Fu Y. An injectable micelle-hydrogel hybrid for localized and prolonged drug delivery in the management of renal fibrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:835-847. [PMID: 33777685 PMCID: PMC7982499 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized delivery, comparing to systemic drug administration, offers a unique alternative to enhance efficacy, lower dosage, and minimize systemic tissue toxicity by releasing therapeutics locally and specifically to the site of interests. Herein, a localized drug delivery platform ("plum‒pudding" structure) with controlled release and long-acting features is developed through an injectable hydrogel ("pudding") crosslinked via self-assembled triblock polymeric micelles ("plum") to help reduce renal interstitial fibrosis. This strategy achieves controlled and prolonged release of model therapeutics in the kidney for up to three weeks in mice. Following a single injection, local treatments containing either anti-inflammatory small molecule celastrol or anti-TGFβ antibody effectively minimize inflammation while alleviating fibrosis via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway or neutralizing TGF-β1 locally. Importantly, the micelle-hydrogel hybrid based localized therapy shows enhanced efficacy without local or systemic toxicity, which may represent a clinically relevant delivery platform in the management of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Key Words
- Anti-TGFβ antibody
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CLT, celastrol
- Celastrol
- Controlled release
- Cy5.5-NHS, cyanine 5.5-N-hydroxysuccinimide
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DEX, dexamethasone
- DiD, 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindodicarbocyanineperchlorate
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDCI, carbodiimide hydrochloride
- ESR, equilibrium swelling ratio
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- G", the loss modulus
- G', storage modulus
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HASH, thiolated hyaluronic acid
- Hydrogel
- IL-1β, interleukin 1β
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- Inflammation
- Localized therapy
- MOD, mean optical density
- NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide
- PDI, polydispersity index
- RIF, renal interstitial fibrosis
- RSR, real-time swelling ratio
- Renal fibrosis
- SD, standard deviation
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling
- UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction
- bis-F127-MA, bis-F127-methacrylate
- iNOS, nitric oxide synthase
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
- “Plum‒pudding” structure
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15
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Sisto M, Ribatti D, Lisi S. Organ Fibrosis and Autoimmunity: The Role of Inflammation in TGFβ-Dependent EMT. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020310. [PMID: 33670735 PMCID: PMC7922523 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular pathways that control the link of inflammation with organ fibrosis and autoimmune diseases point to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as the common association in the progression of these diseases characterized by an intense inflammatory response. EMT, a process in which epithelial cells are gradually transformed to mesenchymal cells, is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Importantly, the chronic inflammatory microenvironment has emerged as a decisive factor in the induction of pathological EMT. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a multifunctional cytokine, plays a crucial role in the induction of fibrosis, often associated with chronic phases of inflammatory diseases, contributing to marked fibrotic changes that severely impair normal tissue architecture and function. The understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying EMT-dependent fibrosis has both a basic and a translational relevance, since it may be useful to design therapies aimed at counteracting organ deterioration and failure. To this end, we reviewed the recent literature to better elucidate the molecular response to inflammatory/fibrogenic signals in autoimmune diseases in order to further the specific regulation of EMT-dependent fibrosis in more targeted therapies.
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16
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Kim S, Shin DH, Nam BY, Kang HY, Park J, Wu M, Kim NH, Kim HS, Park JT, Han SH, Kang SW, Yook JI, Yoo TH. Newly designed Protein Transduction Domain (PTD)-mediated BMP-7 is a potential therapeutic for peritoneal fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13507-13522. [PMID: 33079436 PMCID: PMC7701504 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While the bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) is a well‐known therapeutic growth factor reverting many fibrotic diseases, including peritoneal fibrosis by peritoneal dialysis (PD), soluble growth factors are largely limited in clinical applications owing to their short half‐life in clinical settings. Recently, we developed a novel drug delivery model using protein transduction domains (PTD) overcoming limitation of soluble recombinant proteins, including bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7). This study aims at evaluating the therapeutic effects of PTD‐BMP‐7 consisted of PTD and full‐length BMP‐7 on epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related fibrosis. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were then treated with TGF‐β1 or TGF‐β1 + PTD‐BMP‐7. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters were inserted into Sprague‐Dawley rats, and these rats were infused intra‐peritoneally with saline, peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) or PDF + PTD‐BMP‐7. In vitro, TGF‐β1 treatment significantly increased fibronectin, type I collagen, α‐SMA and Snail expression, while reducing E‐cadherin expression in HPMCs (P < .001). PTD‐BMP‐7 treatment ameliorated TGF‐β1‐induced fibronectin, type I collagen, α‐SMA and Snail expression, and restored E‐cadherin expression in HPMCs (P < .001). In vivo, the expressions of EMT‐related molecules and the thickness of the sub‐mesothelial layer were significantly increased in the peritoneum of rats treated with PDF, and these changes were significantly abrogated by the intra‐peritoneal administration of PTD‐BMP‐7. PTD‐BMP‐7 treatment significantly inhibited the progression of established PD fibrosis. These findings suggest that PTD‐BMP‐7, as a prodrug of BMP‐7, can be an effective therapeutic agent for peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,MET Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Successful treatment with assisted automated peritoneal dialysis using 4.25% glucose dialysate for an elderly patient with refractory heart failure. CEN Case Rep 2020; 10:121-125. [PMID: 32930999 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-020-00533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractory heart failure is a major cause of mortality and hospitalization, and peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the options for controlling volume overload. Although high glucose dialysate enables a large amount of ultrafiltration, the use of 4.25% glucose dialysate is generally avoided, because high glucose exposure leads to peritoneal damage. Here, we describe a patient who was successfully treated with assisted automated PD using 4.25% glucose dialysate for refractory heart failure. An 84-year-old woman developed heart failure due to severe mitral regurgitation with a low left-ventricular ejection fraction of 30%, and also developed progressive kidney deterioration. She had been refractory to diuretics and repeatedly hospitalized. PD was started to treat refractory heart failure. Since it was difficult for her to change the dialysis bags by herself, assistance with her PD from her family was needed. The use of 4.25% glucose dialysate markedly increased ultrafiltration and improved her condition. In addition, automated PD (APD) using 4.25% glucose dialysate enabled her family to have a break from PD once every 4 days. Thereafter, she had no episodes of hospitalization due to heart failure for approximately 18 months after her discharge.
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18
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Balzer MS. Molecular pathways in peritoneal fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109778. [PMID: 32926960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease that is equivalent to hemodialysis with respect to adequacy, mortality, and other outcome parameters, yet providing superior quality-of-life measures and cost savings. However, long-term usage of the patient's peritoneal membrane as a dialyzer filter is unphysiological and leads to peritoneal fibrosis, which is a major factor of patient morbidity and PD technique failure, resulting in a transfer to hemodialysis or death. Peritoneal fibrosis pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation and the fibrotic process itself. Frequently, inflammation precedes membrane fibrosis development, although a bidirectional relationship of one inducing the other exists. This review aims at highlighting the histopathological definition of peritoneal fibrosis, outlining the interplay of fibrosis, angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), delineating important fibrogenic pathways involving Smad-dependent and Smad-independent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as well as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) signaling, and summarizing historic and recent studies of inflammatory pathways involving NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and other cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Balzer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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19
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Colangelo MT, Galli C, Guizzardi S. The effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide on wound healing and tissue regeneration: a systematic review of the literature. Regen Med 2020; 15:1801-1821. [PMID: 32757710 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study evaluated the effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on tissue regeneration, paying special attention to the molecular mechanisms that underlie its tissue remodeling actions to better identify its effective therapeutic potential in wound healing. Materials & methods: Strategic searches were conducted through MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from their earliest available dates to March 2020. The studies were included with the following eligibility criteria: studies evaluating tissue regeneration, and being an in vitro, in vivo and clinical study. Results: Out of more than 90 articles, 34 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. All data obtained proved the ability of PDRN in promoting a physiological tissue repair through salvage pathway and adenosine A2A receptor activation. Conclusion: Up to date PDRN has proved promising results in term of wound regeneration, healing time and absence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Colangelo
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Histology & Embryology Lab, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Galli
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Guizzardi
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Histology & Embryology Lab, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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20
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Kang DH. Loosening of the mesothelial barrier as an early therapeutic target to preserve peritoneal function in peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2020; 39:136-144. [PMID: 32576713 PMCID: PMC7321674 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotype transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells (MCs) including the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as an early mechanism of peritoneal dysfunction and fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis (PD), producing proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic milieu in the intra-peritoneal cavity. Loosening of intercellular tight adhesion between adjacent MCs as an initial process of EMT creates the environment where mesothelium and submesothelial tissue are more vulnerable to the composition of bio-incompatible dialysates, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, down-regulation of epithelial cell markers such as E-cadherin facilitates de novo acquisition of mesenchymal phenotypes in MCs and production of extracellular matrices. Major mechanisms underlying the EMT of MCs include induction of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the local renin-angiotensin system. Another mechanism of peritoneal EMT is mitigation of intrinsic defense mechanisms such as the peritoneal antioxidant system and anti-fibrotic peptide production in the peritoneal cavity. In addition to use of less bio-incompatible dialysates and optimum treatment of peritonitis in PD, therapies to prevent or alleviate peritoneal EMT have demonstrated a favorable effect on peritoneal function and structure, suggesting that EMT can be an early interventional target to preserve peritoneal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Hee Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Fung WWS, Poon PYK, Ng JKC, Kwong VWK, Pang WF, Kwan BCH, Cheng PMS, Li PKT, Szeto CC. Longitudinal Changes of NF-κB Downstream Mediators and Peritoneal Transport Characteristics in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6440. [PMID: 32296091 PMCID: PMC7160129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of intra-peritoneal mediators in the regulation peritoneal transport is not completely understood. We investigate the relation between longitudinal changes in dialysis effluent level of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) downstream mediators and the change in peritoneal transport over 1 year. We studied 46 incident PD patients. Their peritoneal transport characteristics were determined after starting PD and then one year later. Concomitant dialysis effluent levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are determined. There were significant correlations between baseline and one-year dialysis effluent IL-6 and COX-2 levels with the corresponding dialysate-to-plasma creatinine level at 4 hours (D/P4) and mass transfer area coefficient of creatinine (MTAC). After one year, patients who had peritonitis had higher dialysis effluent IL-6 (26.6 ± 17.4 vs 15.1 ± 12.3 pg/ml, p = 0.037) and COX-2 levels (4.97 ± 6.25 vs 1.60 ± 1.53 ng/ml, p = 0.007) than those without peritonitis, and the number of peritonitis episode significantly correlated with the IL-6 and COX-2 levels after one year. In contrast, dialysis effluent HGF level did not correlate with peritoneal transport. There was no difference in any mediator level between patients receiving conventional and low glucose degradation product solutions. Dialysis effluent IL-6 and COX-2 levels correlate with the concomitant D/P4 and MTAC of creatinine. IL-6 and COX-2 may contribute to the short-term regulation of peritoneal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Yam-Kau Poon
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vickie Wai-Ki Kwong
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Fai Pang
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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22
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Su W, Wang H, Feng Z, Sun J. Nitro-oleic acid inhibits the high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in peritoneal mesothelial cells and attenuates peritoneal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F457-F467. [PMID: 31760768 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00425.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an electrophilic nitroalkene fatty acid, nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) exerts multiple biological effects that contribute to anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and antiapoptosis. However, little is known about the role of OA-NO2 in peritoneal fibrosis. Thus, in the present study, we examined the effects of OA-NO2 on the high glucose (HG)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and evaluated the morphological and immunohistochemical changes in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis. In in vitro experiments, we found that HG reduced the expression level of E-cadherin and increased Snail, N-cadherin, and α-smooth muscle actin expression levels in HPMCs. The above-mentioned changes were attenuated by pretreatment with OA-NO2. Additionally, OA-NO2 also inhibited HG-induced activation of the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, OA-NO2 inhibited HG-induced phosphorylation of Erk and JNK. The results from the in vivo experiments showed that OA-NO2 notably relieved peritoneal fibrosis by decreasing the thickness of the peritoneum; it also inhibited expression of transforming growth factor-β1, α-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin, and vimentin and enhanced expression of E-cadherin in the peritoneum. Collectively, these results suggest that OA-NO2 inhibits the HG-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HPMCs and attenuates peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - ZiYan Feng
- Department of Dialysis, JuanCheng People's Hospital, Heze, Shangdong, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China
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23
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Aziz MAAE, Agarwal K, Dasari S, Mitra AAK. Productive Cross-Talk with the Microenvironment: A Critical Step in Ovarian Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101608. [PMID: 31640297 PMCID: PMC6827352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ovarian cancer patients present with disseminated disease at the time of their diagnosis, which is one of the main reasons for their poor prognosis. Metastasis is a multi-step process and a clear understanding of the mechanism of regulation of these steps remains elusive. Productive reciprocal interactions between the metastasizing ovarian cancer cells and the microenvironment of the metastatic site or the tumor microenvironment play an important role in the successful establishment of metastasis. Much progress has been made in the recent past in our understanding of such interactions and the role of the cellular and acellular components of the microenvironment in establishing the metastatic tumors. This review will outline the role of the microenvironmental components of the ovarian cancer metastatic niche and their role in helping establish the metastatic tumors. Special emphasis will be given to the mesothelial cells, which are the first cells encountered by the cancer cells at the site of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abd El Aziz
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Komal Agarwal
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Subramanyam Dasari
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - And Anirban K Mitra
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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24
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Xiao Y, Jiang X, Peng C, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Liang D, Shi M, Wang Y, Zhang F, Guo B. BMP-7/Smads-induced inhibitor of differentiation 2 (Id2) upregulation and Id2/Twist interaction was involved in attenuating diabetic renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 116:105613. [PMID: 31539631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the main pathological change in diabetic renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Mounting evidence indicates that the inhibitor of differentiation 2 (Id2) protein acts as a negative regulatory factor in organ fibrosis and can inhibit or reverse the process of fibrosis. However, its specific regulatory mechanism is not clear. Diabetes mellitus (DM) rat models were established by injecting rats with streptozotocin and sacrificing them after 16 weeks. Rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were cultured with normal and high glucose. Immunohistochemical analysis, double immunofluorescence staining, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the expression of Id2, Twist, Smad1/5/8, E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen Ⅳ. The results showed that bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) upregulated the expression of Id2 against high-glucose-induced EMT and extracellular matrix secretion. Moreover, only the simultaneous knockdown of Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8 downregulated the expression of Id2, which was not altered by the individual knockdown of Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors were essential for Id2 to regulate the role of downstream target genes, and Twist was a bHLH transcription factor. Therefore, the expression of Twist was examined in this study. Twist was found to be highly expressed in the kidney of DM rats and renal tubular epithelial cells cultured with high glucose. The overexpression of Id2 did not alter the expression of Twist, but the interaction between Id2 and Twist was enhanced. In conclusion, the data showed the specific mechanism underlying Id2 negative regulation in diabetic renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, China.
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China.
| | - Can Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, China.
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, China.
| | - Yawen Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, China.
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, China.
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, China.
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25
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Jiang N, Zhang Z, Shao X, Jing R, Wang C, Fang W, Mou S, Ni Z. Blockade of thrombospondin-1 ameliorates high glucose-induced peritoneal fibrosis through downregulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:364-379. [PMID: 31236971 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a profibrotic cytokine which induces mesothelial cell mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) and peritoneal fibrosis in patients receiving treatment of peritoneal dialysis. Because thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is able to activate latent TGF-β1 in vivo, we investigated whether blockade of TSP-1 could modulate mesothelial cell MMT and ameliorate peritoneal fibrosis. METHODS Human pleural mesothelial cells (Met-5A cells) were treated with TSP-1 and addition of TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody to assess the effect of TSP-1 on MMT. Furthermore, TSP-1 blocking peptide Leu-Ser-Lys-Leu (LSKL) was applied to Met-5A cells treated with 4.25% d-glucose to determine its function in high glucose-induced MMT. Consequently, a uremic dialysate injection rat model was set up to confirm the results in vivo. RESULTS Exposure of Met-5A cells to TSP-1 increased TGF-β1 secretion, expression and bioactivity, triggered Smad3 phosphorylation, upregulated the expression of mesenchymal molecules including fibronectin, collagen type III, α-smooth muscle actin, Snail, and decreased calretinin expression. The effect was partially attenuated by TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. TSP-1 expression in Met-5A cells was increased by 4.25% d-glucose, followed by increased secretion and bioactivity of TGF-β1, the onset of Smad3 phosphorylation and induction of MMT. LSKL significantly attenuated high glucose-mediated mesothelial cell MMT and ameliorated peritoneal fibrosis in uremic rats receiving dextrose dialysate injection. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrated that TSP-1 contributes to mesothelial cell MMT by activating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and blockade of TSP-1 attenuates high glucose-mediated mesothelial cell MMT and peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghua Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Jing
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jing R, Feng H, Jiang N, Zhang H, Fang W, Ni Z, Yuan J. Visceral adipogenesis inhibited by Pref-1 is associated with peritoneal angiogenesis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 25:248-254. [PMID: 31090987 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Studies showed an increased visceral adipose tissue and peritoneal angiogenesis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, the relationship between the visceral adipose expands and peritoneal angiogenesis remains unclear. METHODS Pref-1 (preadipocyte factor-1) recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) and control AAV were constructed. Mice were divided into four groups, mice in control and PD group were injected intraperitoneally with PBS, mice in control-AAV-PD were injected intraperitoneally with plaque-forming unit (PFU) control AAV and mice in pref-1-AAV-PD group were injected with PFU recombinant AAV. Two weeks later, control group was injected intraperitoneally with normal saline while other groups were injected intraperitoneally with 4.25% peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). Thirty days later, viscerall adipose tissue was collected and weighed. Pref-1 protein expression was measured by Western blot, and peritoneal permeability was measured by Evans blue. Cluster of differentiation 31(CD31) immunohistochemical staining was used to detect mesenteric blood vessel number, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Pref-1 protein expression increased in pref-1-AAV-PD group. Visceral adipose expanded in PD and control-AAV-PD group while decreased in pref-1-AAV-PD group, which approves PD fluid enhance visceral adipogensis, and the process could be inhibited by Pref-1 recombinant AAV. The reduction of peritoneal vessel number and the decrease of vascular permeability as well as down-regulation of serum vascular endothelial growth factor observed in pref-1-AAV-PD group suggested peritoneal angiogenesis could be inhibited following visceral adipose tissue reduction. CONCLUSION Visceral adipose expands is associated with peritoneal angiogenesis in PD treatment, and prevention of visceral adipogenesis may be an alternative way to protect the validity of peritoneum. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jing
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangzi Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
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Zhao JL, Guo MZ, Zhu JJ, Zhang T, Min DY. Curcumin suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells (HMrSV5) through regulation of transforming growth factor-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:32. [PMID: 31143210 PMCID: PMC6532179 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Peritoneal fibrosis remains a serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) leading to peritoneal membrane ultrafiltration failure. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is a key process of peritoneal fibrosis. Curcumin has been previously shown to inhibit EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells and prevent renal fibrosis. There are only limited reports on inhibition of PMCs-EMT by curcumin. This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on the regulation of EMT and related pathway in PMCs treated with glucose-based PD. Methods EMT of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HMrSV5) was induced with glucose-based peritoneal dialysis solutions (PDS). Cells were divided into a control group, PDS group, and PDS group receiving varied concentrations of curcumin. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to measure cell viability, and a transwell migration assay was used to verify the capacity of curcumin to inhibit EMT in HMrSV5 cells. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of genes and proteins associated with the EMT. Results High glucose PDS decreased cell viability and increased migratory capacity. Curcumin reversed growth inhibition and migration capability of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). In HMrSV5 cells, high glucose PDS also decreased expression of epithelial markers, and increased expression of mesenchymal markers, a characteristic of EMT. Real-time RT-PCR and western blot revealed that, compared to the 4.25% Dianeal treated cells, curcumin treatment resulted in increased expression of E-cadherin (epithelial marker), and decreased expression of α-SMA (mesenchymal markers) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, curcumin reduced mRNA expression of two extracellular matrix protein, collagen I and fibronectin. Curcumin also reduced TGF-β1 mRNA and supernatant TGF-β1 protein content in the PDS-treated HMrSV5 cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it significantly reduced protein expression of p-TAK1, p-JNK and p-p38 in PDS-treated HMrSV5 cells. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that curcumin showed an obvious protective effect on PDS-induced EMT of HMrSV5 cells and suggest implication of the TAK1, p38 and JNK pathway in mediating the effects of curcumin in EMT of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Zhao
- 1Department of Nephrology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Mei-Zi Guo
- 2Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Jun-Jun Zhu
- 1Department of Nephrology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- 1Department of Nephrology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Dan-Yan Min
- 1Department of Nephrology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318 China
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28
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Nishimura K, Yonezawa K, Fumoto S, Miura Y, Hagimori M, Nishida K, Kawakami S. Application of Direct Sonoporation from a Defined Surface Area of the Peritoneum: Evaluation of Transfection Characteristics in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11050244. [PMID: 31121989 PMCID: PMC6571618 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we developed a sonoporation system, namely “direct sonoporation”, for transfecting the peritoneum from a defined surface area to avoid systematic side effects. Here, the transfection characteristics are explained because there is less information about direct sonoporation. Naked pDNA and nanobubbles were administered to diffusion cell attached to the visceral and parietal peritoneum from the liver and peritoneal wall surface, respectively. Then, ultrasound was irradiated. Direct sonoporation showed a higher transfection efficacy at the applied peritoneum site from the liver surface while other sites were not detected. Moreover, transgene expression was observed in the peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) at the applied peritoneum site. No abnormality was observed in the inner part of the liver. Although transgene expression of the visceral peritoneum was tenfold higher than that of the parietal peritoneum, transgene expression was observed in the PMCs on both the applied peritoneum sites. These results suggest that direct sonoporation is a site-specific transfection method of the PMCs on the applied peritoneum site without transgene expression at other sites and show little toxicity in the inner tissues at the applied site via cavitation energy. This information is valuable for the development of an intraperitoneal sonoporation device for treatment of peritoneal diseases such as peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyo Nishimura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Keita Yonezawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Fumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Miura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Masayori Hagimori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Koyo Nishida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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A Unique Pattern of Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced in the Normal Peritoneal Mesothelium by High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050662. [PMID: 31086083 PMCID: PMC6562987 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to establish whether high aggressiveness of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells (HGSOCs), which display rapid growth, advanced stage at diagnosis and the highest mortality among all epithelial ovarian cancer histotypes, may be linked with a specific pattern of mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) elicited by these cells in normal peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs). Experiments were performed on primary PMCs, stable and primary ovarian cancer cells, tumors from patients with ovarian cancer, and laboratory animals. Results of in vitro and in vivo tests showed that MMT triggered by HGSOCs (primary cells and OVCAR-3 line) is far more pronounced than the process evoked by cells representing less aggressive ovarian cancer histotypes (A2780, SKOV-3). Mechanistically, HGSOCs induce MMT via Smad 2/3, ILK, TGF-β1, HGF, and IGF-1, whereas A2780 and SKOV-3 cells via exclusively Smad 2/3 and HGF. The conditioned medium from PMCs undergoing MMT promoted the progression of cancer cells and the effects exerted by the cells triggered to undergo MMT by the HGSOCs were significantly stronger than those related to the activity of their less aggressive counterparts. Our findings indicate that MMT in PMCs provoked by HGSOCs is stronger, proceeds via different mechanisms and has more procancerous characteristics than MMT provoked by less aggressive cancer histotypes, which may at least partly explain high aggressiveness of HGSOCs.
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Han SM, Ryu HM, Suh J, Lee KJ, Choi SY, Choi S, Kim YL, Huh JY, Ha H. Network-based integrated analysis of omics data reveal novel players of TGF-β1-induced EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1497. [PMID: 30728376 PMCID: PMC6365569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis is associated with progressive fibrosis of the peritoneum. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mesothelial cells is an important mechanism involved in peritoneal fibrosis, and TGF-β1 is considered central in this process. However, targeting currently known TGF-β1-associated pathways has not proven effective to date. Therefore, there are still gaps in understanding the mechanisms underlying TGF-β1-associated EMT and peritoneal fibrosis. We conducted network-based integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data to systemically characterize the molecular signature of TGF-β1-stimulated human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). To increase the power of the data, multiple expression datasets of TGF-β1-stimulated human cells were employed, and extended based on a human functional gene network. Dense network sub-modules enriched with differentially expressed genes by TGF-β1 stimulation were prioritized and genes of interest were selected for functional analysis in HPMCs. Through integrated analysis, ECM constituents and oxidative stress-related genes were shown to be the top-ranked genes as expected. Among top-ranked sub-modules, TNFAIP6, ZC3H12A, and NNT were validated in HPMCs to be involved in regulation of E-cadherin, ZO-1, fibronectin, and αSMA expression. The present data shows the validity of network-based integrated analysis in discovery of novel players in TGF-β1-induced EMT in peritoneal mesothelial cells, which may serve as new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for peritoneal dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Han
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Suh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kong-Joo Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Youn Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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31
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Ko J, Kang HJ, Kim DA, Ryu ES, Yu M, Lee H, Lee HK, Ryu HM, Park SH, Kim YL, Kang DH. Paricalcitol attenuates TGF‐β1–induced phenotype transition of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs)
via
modulation of oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome. FASEB J 2018; 33:3035-3050. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800292rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ko
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Dal-Ah Kim
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eun-Sun Ryu
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Mina Yu
- Department of Internal MedicineSeonam HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Huisong Lee
- Department of SurgeryEwha Medical Research CenterEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyeon Kook Lee
- Department of SurgeryEwha Medical Research CenterEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Duk-Hee Kang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEwha Womans University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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32
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Yang L, Fan Y, Zhang X, Gao L, Ma J. Role of miRNA-21/PTEN on the high glucose-induced EMT in human mesothelial peritoneal cells. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2590-2599. [PMID: 30210695 PMCID: PMC6129511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of miRNA-21/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) on the high glucose-stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). METHODS HPMCs were cultured under control conditions, or with high glucose (HG), HG with miRNA-21 mimic or a miRNA-21 inhibitor. Expression of miRNA-21, α-smooth muscle actin, >fibronectin, E-cadherin and PTEN were measured by real time PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Compared with the control, HG induced the EMT, as shown by upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and >fibronectin, and downregulation of E-cadherin. We also found that HG upregulated miRNA-21 expression and downregulated PTEN expression; the miRNA-21 inhibitor attenuated the HG-induced EMT in HPMCs by targeting PTEN; the miRNA-21 mimic increased the HG-induced EMT in HPMCs by targeting PTEN. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that miRNA-21 played a vital role in the HG-induced EMT by targeting PTEN in HPMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, P. R. China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Benxi Center Hospital, China Medical UniversityBenxi 117000, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, P. R. China
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Talakatta G, Sarikhani M, Muhamed J, Dhanya K, Somashekar BS, Mahesh PA, Sundaresan N, Ravindra PV. Diabetes induces fibrotic changes in the lung through the activation of TGF-β signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11920. [PMID: 30093732 PMCID: PMC6085305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the long term, diabetes profoundly affects multiple organs, such as the kidney, heart, brain, liver, and eyes. The gradual loss of function in these vital organs contributes to mortality. Nonetheless, the effects of diabetes on the lung tissue are not well understood. Clinical and experimental data from our studies revealed that diabetes induces inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the lung. These changes were mediated by TGF-β-activated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathways. Our studies also found that glucose restriction promoted mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) and substantially reversed inflammatory and fibrotic changes, suggesting that diabetes-induced EMT was mediated in part by the effects of hyperglycemia. Additionally, the persistent exposure of diabetic cells to high glucose concentrations (25 mM) promoted the upregulation of caveolin-1, N-cadherin, SIRT3, SIRT7 and lactate levels, suggesting that long-term diabetes may promote cell proliferation. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that diabetes induces fibrotic changes in the lung via TGF-β1-activated EMT pathways and that elevated SMAD7 partially protects the lung during the initial stages of diabetes. These findings have implications for the management of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Talakatta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Mohsen Sarikhani
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Lab, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangaluru, 560012, India
| | - Jaseer Muhamed
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Lab, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangaluru, 560012, India
| | - K Dhanya
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Bagganahalli S Somashekar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Padukudru Anand Mahesh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Nagalingam Sundaresan
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Lab, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangaluru, 560012, India
| | - P V Ravindra
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, Mysuru, 570020, India.
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Lupinacci S, Perri A, Toteda G, Vizza D, Puoci F, Parisi OI, Giordano F, Lofaro D, La Russa A, Bonofiglio M, Bonofiglio R. Olive leaf extract counteracts epithelial to mesenchymal transition process induced by peritoneal dialysis, through the inhibition of TGFβ1 signaling. Cell Biol Toxicol 2018; 35:95-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-018-9438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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35
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Li L, Shen N, Wang N, Wang W, Tang Q, Du X, Carrero JJ, Wang K, Deng Y, Li Z, Lin H, Wu T. Inhibiting core fucosylation attenuates glucose-induced peritoneal fibrosis in rats. Kidney Int 2018; 93:1384-1396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Lee Y, Hung S, Wang H, Lin C, Wang H, Chang M, Sung J, Chiou Y, Lin S. Is there different risk of cancer among end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? Cancer Med 2018; 7:485-498. [PMID: 29356425 PMCID: PMC5806101 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global issue in recent decade. Despite this alarming increase in the incidence of cancer, to date, whether the risk of developing cancer differs among peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients is still uncertain. In this retrospective cohort study, data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, which provides coverage to almost 99% of the nation's population. After matching, a total of 4491 (or 3369) incident PD patients and 8982 (or 6738) incident HD patients between 2000 and 2009 were enrolled from the database. In addition, 22,455 (or 16,845) nondialysis patients were selected as a control group. The patients were monitored for the occurrence of cancer until 2010, and their data were analyzed using several different models. In general, the results showed that the risks of hepatocellular, kidney, bladder, extra kidney/bladder urinary tract, and thyroid cancers were higher in dialysis patients. We also compared the risk of cancer between two dialysis groups by using the HD patients as the reference group. The result showed that there is no significant different for each cancer risk between two dialysis groups. In conclusion, dialysis patients had a higher risk of certain types of cancer than those in the nonuremia group. However, there was no significant difference in the cancer risk between the two dialysis groups when compared directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Che Lee
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineE‐DA Dachang Hospital/ I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Yuan Hung
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineE‐DA Dachang Hospital/ I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- School of Medicine for International StudentsE‐DA Hospital/ I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Hao‐Kuang Wang
- School of Medicine for International StudentsE‐DA Hospital/ I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of NeurosurgeryE‐DA Hospital/ I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Wei Lin
- School of Medicine for International StudentsE‐DA Hospital/ I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical EducationE‐DA Hospital/ I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Hsi‐Hao Wang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineE‐DA Dachang Hospital/ I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Min‐Yu Chang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineE‐DA Dachang Hospital/ I‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Junne‐Ming Sung
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kung University HospitalTainanTaiwan
| | - Yuan‐Yow Chiou
- Department of PediatricsNational Cheng Kung University HospitalTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Sheng‐Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting CenterNational Cheng Kung University HospitalTainanTaiwan
- Department of Public HealthCollege of MedicineNational Cheng‐Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
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37
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Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a successfully used method for renal replacement therapy. However, long-term PD may be associated with peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure. The key factors linked to their appearance are repeated episodes of inflammation associated with peritonitis and long-term exposure to bioincompatible PD fluids. Different strategies have been proposed to preserve the peritoneal membrane. This article reviews the functional and structural alterations related to PD and strategies whereby we may prevent them to preserve the peritoneal membrane. The use of new, more biocompatible, PD solutions is promising, although further morphologic studies in patients using these solutions are needed. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system appears to be efficacious and strongly should be considered. Other agents have been proven in experimental studies, but most of them have not yet been tested appropriately in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Auxiliadora Bajo
- Home Dialysis Unit, Nephrology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gloria Del Peso
- University Autónoma of Madrid, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Spanish Renal Research Network, Reina Sofia Institute for Nephrology Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Teitelbaum
- Home Dialysis Program, University of Colorado Hospital, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Yang L, Fan Y, Zhang X, Ma J. miRNA-23 regulates high glucose induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human mesotheial peritoneal cells by targeting VDR. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:375-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guo Y, Sun L, Xiao L, Gou R, Fang Y, Liang Y, Wang R, Li N, Liu F, Tang L. Aberrant Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway Activation in Dialysate-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:774. [PMID: 29163160 PMCID: PMC5670149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritoneal fibrosis is a chronic progress which induces ultrafiltration failure. It remains a challenge to prevent the progression of PD-associated fibrosis in clinic practice. Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays important role in many severe fibrotic diseases, here we investigated its contribution to the development of peritoneal damage. We isolated mesothelial cells (MC) from the effluent of PD patients and found that the expressions of Wnt1, Wnt5a, β-catenin, and LEF1 were increased in patients with more than 1-year PD compared with patients who just started with PD (<1 month). The elevated expressions of Wnts and β-catenin were accompanied with changes in the expressions of E-cadherin, α-SMA, COL-I, and FN mRNA and proteins, which are known related to mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT). In addition, treatment with high glucose significantly increased the expression of Wnt1, Wnt5a, β-catenin, and LEF1 as well as the expression of α-SMA, COL-I, and FN in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC), whereas the expression of E-cadherin was reduced. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is an endogenous inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Overexpression of DKK1 transgene significantly decreased the expression of β-catenin and attenuated the process of MMT as indicated by the decreased expression of α-SMA, COL-I, and FN and the increased expression of E-cadherin. Furthermore, TGF-β1 treatment significantly activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HPMCs, while DKK1 blocked the TGF-β1-induced Wnt signaling activation and significantly inhibited the process of MMT. These data suggest that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in the MMT and fibrosis induced by PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Gou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yudong Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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40
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Chu Y, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Lin Y, He R, Liu J, Yang X. Proinflammatory Effect of High Glucose Concentrations on HMrSV5 Cells via the Autocrine Effect of HMGB1. Front Physiol 2017; 8:762. [PMID: 29033853 PMCID: PMC5627536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peritoneal fibrosis, in which inflammation and apoptosis play crucial pathogenic roles, is a severe complication associated with the treatment of kidney failure with peritoneal dialysis (PD) using a glucose-based dialysate. Mesothelial cells (MCs) take part in the inflammatory processes by producing various cytokines and chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin 8 (IL-8). The apoptosis of MCs induced by high glucose levels also contributes to complications of PD. High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is an inflammatory factor that has repeatedly been proven to be related to the occurrence of peritoneal dysfunction. Aim: In this study, we aimed to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of endogenous HMGB1 in high-glucose-induced MC injury. Methods: The human peritoneal MC line, HMrSV5 was cultured in high-glucose medium and incubated with recombinant HMGB1. Cellular expression of HMGB1 was blocked using HMGB1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Apoptosis and production of inflammatory factors as well as the potential intermediary signaling pathways were examined. Results: The major findings of these analyses were: (1) MCs secreted HMGB1 from the nucleus during exposure to high glucose levels; HMGB1 acted in an autocrine fashion on the MCs to promote the production of MCP-1 and IL-8; (2) HMGB1 had little effect on high-glucose-induced apoptosis of the MCs; and (3) HMGB1-mediated MCP-1 and IL-8 production depended on the activation of MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, endogenous HMGB1 plays an important role in the inflammatory reaction induced by high glucose on MCs via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, but it seems to have little effect on high-glucose-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Chu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihuang Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuli Lin
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuguang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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41
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Metformin ameliorates the Phenotype Transition of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells and Peritoneal Fibrosis via a modulation of Oxidative Stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5690. [PMID: 28720775 PMCID: PMC5515908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotype transition of peritoneum is an early mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis. Metformin, 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has recently received a new attention due to its preventive effect on organ fibrosis and cancer metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We investigated the effect of metformin on EMT of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) and animal model of peritoneal dialysis (PD). TGF-β1-induced EMT in HPMC was ameliorated by metformin. Metformin alleviated NAPDH oxidase- and mitochondria-mediated ROS production with an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and SOD2 expression. Metformin inhibited the activation of Smad2/3 and MAPK, GSK-3β phosphorylation, nuclear translocalization of β-catenin and Snail in HPMCs. Effect of metformin on TGF-β1-induced EMT was ameliorated by either AMPK inhibitor or AMPK gene silencing. Another AMPK agonist, 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide partially blocked TGF-β1-induced EMT. In animal model of PD, intraperitoneal metformin decreased the peritoneal thickness and EMT with an increase in ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione and the expression of SOD whereas it decreased the expression of nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. Therefore, a modulation of AMPK in peritoneum can be a novel tool to prevent peritoneal fibrosis by providing a favorable oxidant/anti-oxidant milieu in peritoneal cavity and ameliorating phenotype transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells.
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42
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Igarashi Y, Hoshino T, Ookawara S, Ishibashi K, Morishita Y. Nano-sized carriers in gene therapy for peritoneal fibrosis in vivo. NANO REVIEWS & EXPERIMENTS 2017; 8:1331100. [PMID: 30410706 PMCID: PMC6167028 DOI: 10.1080/20022727.2017.1331100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a crucial complication in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. It is a major pathological feature of peritoneal membrane failure, which leads to withdrawal of peritoneal dialysis. No specific therapy has yet been established for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis. However, gene therapy may be a viable option, and various nano-sized carriers, including viral and non-viral vectors, have been shown to enhance the delivery and efficacy of gene therapy for peritoneal fibrosis in vivo. This review focuses on the use of nano-sized carriers in gene therapy of peritoneal fibrosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Igarashi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taro Hoshino
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishibashi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Morishita
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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43
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Horejs CM, St-Pierre JP, Ojala JRM, Steele JAM, da Silva PB, Rynne-Vidal A, Maynard SA, Hansel CS, Rodríguez-Fernández C, Mazo MM, You AYF, Wang AJ, von Erlach T, Tryggvason K, López-Cabrera M, Stevens MM. Preventing tissue fibrosis by local biomaterials interfacing of specific cryptic extracellular matrix information. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15509. [PMID: 28593951 PMCID: PMC5472175 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to the breakdown of tissue structures such as the basement membrane, promoting tissue fibrosis. Here we developed an electrospun membrane biofunctionalized with a fragment of the laminin β1-chain to modulate the expression of MMP2 in this context. We demonstrate that interfacing of the β1-fragment with the mesothelium of the peritoneal membrane via a biomaterial abrogates the release of active MMP2 in response to transforming growth factor β1 and rescues tissue integrity ex vivo and in vivo in a mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis. Importantly, our data demonstrate that the membrane inhibits MMP2 expression. Changes in the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules further point towards a contribution of the modulation of EMT. Biomaterial-based presentation of regulatory basement membrane signals directly addresses limitations of current therapeutic approaches by enabling a localized and specific method to counteract MMP2 release applicable to a broad range of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine-Maria Horejs
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Juha R M Ojala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Joseph A M Steele
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Patricia Barros da Silva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Angela Rynne-Vidal
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephanie A Maynard
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Catherine S Hansel
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Clara Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Manuel M Mazo
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Amanda Y F You
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alex J Wang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas von Erlach
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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44
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Simvastatin treatment boosts benefits of apoptotic cell infusion in murine lung fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2860. [PMID: 28594406 PMCID: PMC5520916 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A single early-phase infusion of apoptotic cells can inhibit bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis; however, it is unknown whether these effects can be enhanced with additional infusions and/or statin treatment. Here, we investigated whether an increased frequency of apoptotic cell injection, with or without efferocytosis enhancer simvastatin, facilitates therapeutic efficacy. An additional injection of apoptotic cells during the intermediate phase (7 days post-bleomycin treatment) or simvastatin administration alone on days 7–13 post-treatment did not promote anti-fibrotic responses beyond those induced by a single early apoptotic cell infusion alone. Additional administration of apoptotic cells with simvastatin further enhanced the efferocytic ability of alveolar macrophages and PPARγ activity, and induced hepatocyte growth factor and interleukin-10 expression, in alveolar macrophages and lung tissue. Additional administration of apoptotic cells with simvastatin also reduced mRNA expression of bleomycin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in isolated alveolar type II epithelial cells, fibrotic markers in fibroblasts, and hydroxyproline in lung tissue. Enhanced anti-EMT and anti-fibrotic efficacy was confirmed by immunofluorescence and trichrome staining of lung tissue. This suggests that additional administration of apoptotic cells with simvastatin during the intermediate phase of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis may boost the anti-fibrotic properties of early apoptotic cell infusion.
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45
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Che M, Shi T, Feng S, Li H, Zhang X, Feng N, Lou W, Dou J, Tang G, Huang C, Xu G, Qian Q, Sun S, He L, Wang H. The MicroRNA-199a/214 Cluster Targets E-Cadherin and Claudin-2 and Promotes High Glucose-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2459-2471. [PMID: 28428333 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) was found to be involved in the phenotypic transition and fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane during treatment with peritoneal dialysis (PD), but the exact mechanism remains unclear. SRF regulates microRNAs (miRNAs) that contain the SRF-binding consensus (CArG) element in the promoter region. Therefore, we investigated whether the miR-199a/214 gene cluster, which contains a CArG element in its promoter, is directly regulated by SRF. High-glucose (HG) treatment significantly unregulated the expression of the miR-199a-5p/214-3p gene cluster in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). By chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays, we found that SRF binds to the miR-199a-5p/214-3p gene cluster promoter after HG stimulation. In vitro, in HPMCs, silencing of miR-199a-5p or miR-214-3p inhibited the HG-induced phenotypic transition and cell migration but enhanced cell adhesion, whereas ectopic expression of mimic oligonucleotides had the opposite effects. Both miR-199a-5p and miR-214-3p targeted claudin-2 and E-cadherin mRNAs. In a PD rat model, treatment with an SRF inhibitor silenced miR-199a-5p and miR-214-3p and alleviated HG-PD fluid-induced damage and fibrosis. Overall, this study reveals a novel SRF-miR-199a/miR-214-E-cadherin/claudin-2 axis that mediates damage and fibrosis in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwen Che
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Nephrology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Medicine, Hospital of PLA, Korla, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tiantian Shi
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Medicine, Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; and
| | - Shidong Feng
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Feng
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weijuan Lou
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Dou
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangbo Tang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoshuang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Mayo Clinic Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijie He
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; .,Department of Nephrology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanmin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
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46
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Inhibition of H3K9 methyltransferase G9a ameliorates methylglyoxal-induced peritoneal fibrosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173706. [PMID: 28278257 PMCID: PMC5344517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity of H3K9 histone methyltransferase G9a is reportedly induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and plays an important role in the progression of cancer and fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether inhibition of G9a-mediated H3K9 methylation attenuates peritoneal fibrosis in mice and human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Nonadherent cells of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients were isolated from PD effluent to examine expression of G9a. Peritoneal fibrosis was induced by peritoneal injection of methylglyoxal (MGO) in male C57/B6 mice for 3 weeks. BIX01294, a G9a inhibitor, was administered by subcutaneous injection. Effects of BIX01294 on MGO-induced pathological and functional changes in mice were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and a peritoneal equilibration test. HPMCs were isolated from human omentum, and the inhibitory effect of BIX01294 on TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes was investigated in the HPMCs by western blotting. G9a was upregulated in nonadherent cells of human PD effluent, the peritoneum of MGO-injected mice, and TGF-β1-stimulated HPMCs. BIX01294 significantly reduced the submesothelial zone thickness and cell density in MGO-injected mice. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that BIX01294 treatment decreased not only mono-methylation of H3K9 (H3K9me1), but also the number of mesenchymal cells, accumulation of collagen, and infiltration of monocytes. In addition to the pathological changes, BIX01294 reduced the level of TGF-β1 in peritoneal fluid and improved peritoneal functions. Furthermore, BIX01294 inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes along with suppression of H3K9me1 in HPMCs. Therefore, inhibition of H3K9 methyltransferase G9a suppresses peritoneal fibrosis through a reduction of H3K9me1.
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47
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Yang L, Wu L, Zhang X, Hu Y, Fan Y, Ma J. 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR attenuates high glucose‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human peritoneal mesothelial cells via the TGFβ/Smad3 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2273-2279. [PMID: 28259913 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recognized to accelerate peritoneal membrane dysfunction. 1,25(OH)2D3/vitamin D receptor (VDR) is important for preventing various types of EMT in vivo. However, its function on EMT and inflammation of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR on high glucose (HG)‑induced EMT and inflammation in HPMCs and the underlying molecular mechanism. It was determined that HG reduced VDR expression, increased inflammatory cytokine expression, including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and phosphorylated‑SMAD family member 3 (p‑Smad3) expression. EMT was promoted as the expression level of the epithelial marker E‑cadherin was reduced, whereas expression levels of the mesenchymal markers α‑SMA and FN were increased. 1,25(OH)2D3 pretreatment inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines in HPMCs and attenuated HG‑induced EMT, possibly through inhibition of the TGFβ/Smad pathway by binding to its receptor VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Benxi Center Hospital, China Medical University, Benxi, Liaoning 117000, P.R. China
| | - Ye Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jianfei Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Lupinacci S, Toteda G, Vizza D, Perri A, Benincasa C, Mollica A, La Russa A, Gigliotti P, Leone F, Lofaro D, Bonofiglio M, Perri E, Bonofiglio R. Active compounds extracted from extra virgin olive oil counteract mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelium cells exposed to conventional peritoneal dialysate: in vitro and in vivo evidences. J Nephrol 2016; 30:841-850. [PMID: 27914030 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritoneal mesothelial cells undergo a transition from an epithelial phenotype to a mesenchymal phenotype that, together with the inflammatory process, promotes tissue fibrosis and a failure of peritoneal membrane function. To date, there is no definitive treatment for the progressive thickening and angiogenesis of the peritoneal membrane associated with PD. In this study we tested, in vitro and in vivo, the ability of active compounds extracted from extra virgin olive oil (AC-EVOO) to counteract the mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition process (MMT) observed in mesothelial cells chronically exposed to the conventional peritoneal dialysate (DL). In particular, we used a cultivar from southern Italy known to have a high polyphenol content. Our results showed that, in mesothelial cells exposed to DL, the combined treatment with AC-EVOO prevented the genic and protein upregulation of key mesenchymal and inflammatory markers, as well as the MCs' migratory capacity. Concomitantly, we tested the antifibrotic efficacy of AC-EVOO in mesothelial cells obtained from effluents of patients undergoing PD, whose "fibroblast-like" phenotype was defined by flow-cytometry assay. We observed that in these cells AC-EVOO significantly mitigated, but did not reverse, the MMT process. In conclusion, our preliminary results suggest that AC-EVOO can interfere with critical factors in the process of differentiation, preventing myofibroblast formation, but once fibrosis has already progressed it is unable to promote the redifferentiation to the epithelial phenotype. Further studies are needed to establish whether AC-EVOO could represent a new therapeutic target to prevent peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lupinacci
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - G Toteda
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - D Vizza
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - A Perri
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - C Benincasa
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA)-Olive Growing and Olive Oil Industry Research Centre, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - A Mollica
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - A La Russa
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - P Gigliotti
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - F Leone
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - D Lofaro
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - M Bonofiglio
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - E Perri
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA)-Olive Growing and Olive Oil Industry Research Centre, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - R Bonofiglio
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy.
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49
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Kawanishi K. Mesothelial cell transplantation: history, challenges and future directions. Pleura Peritoneum 2016; 1:135-143. [PMID: 30911617 PMCID: PMC6419540 DOI: 10.1515/pp-2016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelial cells line the surface of the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum and internal reproductive organs. One of their main functions is to act as a non-adhesive barrier to protect against physical damage, however, over the past decades their physiological and pathological properties have been revealed in association with a variety of conditions and diseases. Mesothelium has been used in surgical operations in clinical settings, such as omental patching for perforated peptic ulcers and in glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium for aortic valve reconstruction. Various methods for mesothelial cell transplantation have also been established and developed, particularly within the area of tissue engineering, including scaffold and non-scaffold cell sheet technologies. However, the use of mesothelial cell transplantation in patients remains challenging, as it requires additional operations under general anesthesia in order to obtain enough intact cells for culture. Moreover, the current methods of mesothelial cell transplantation are expensive and are not yet available in clinical practice. This review firstly summarizes the history of the use of mesothelial cell transplantation in tissue engineering, and then critically discusses the barriers for the clinical application of mesothelial cell transplantation. Finally, the recent developments in xenotransplantation technologies are discussed to evaluate other feasible alternatives to mesothelial cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Kawanishi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093–0687, USA
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8–1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 162–8666, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Son HK, Park I, Kim JY, Kim DK, Illeperuma RP, Bae JY, Lee DY, Oh ES, Jung DW, Williams DR, Kim J. A distinct role for interleukin-6 as a major mediator of cellular adjustment to an altered culture condition. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2552-62. [PMID: 25939389 PMCID: PMC4832257 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue microenvironment adjusts biological properties of different cells by modulating signaling pathways and cell to cell interactions. This study showed that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)/ mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) can be modulated by altering culture conditions. HPV E6/E7‐transfected immortalized oral keratinocytes (IHOK) cultured in different media displayed reversible EMT/MET accompanied by changes in cell phenotype, proliferation, gene expression at transcriptional, and translational level, and migratory and invasive activities. Cholera toxin, a major supplement to culture medium, was responsible for inducing the morphological and biological changes of IHOK. Cholera toxin per se induced EMT by triggering the secretion of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) from IHOK. We found IL‐6 to be a central molecule that modulates the reversibility of EMT based not only on the mRNA level but also on the level of secretion. Taken together, our results demonstrate that IL‐6, a cytokine whose transcription is activated by alterations in culture conditions, is a key molecule for regulating reversible EMT/MET. This study will contribute to understand one way of cellular adjustment for surviving in unfamiliar conditions. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2552–2562, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Kyung Son
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health science, Yeungnam University College, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Iha Park
- Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jue Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Kyeong Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rasika P Illeperuma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Jung Yoon Bae
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Young Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Oh
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, Korea
| | - Darren R Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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