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Park J, Nam KH, Nam BY, Kim G, Kim H, Lee KU, Song SC, Nam TW, Kim WK, Park JT, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Ko G, Han SH. Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 protects against kidney injury via improving mitochondrial function with chronic kidney disease. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03408-9. [PMID: 38705901 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent advances have led to greater recognition of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There has been evidence that CKD is also associated with dysbiosis. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether probiotic supplements can have protective effects against kidney injury via improving mitochondrial function. METHODS An animal model of CKD was induced by feeding C57BL/6 mice a diet containing 0.2% adenine. KBL409, a strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus, was administered via oral gavage at a dose of 1 × 109 CFU daily. To clarify the underlying mechanisms by which probiotics exert protective effects on mitochondria in CKD, primary mouse tubular epithelial cells stimulated with TGF-β and p-cresyl sulfate were administered with butyrate. RESULTS In CKD mice, PGC-1α and AMPK, key mitochondrial energy metabolism regulators, were down-regulated. In addition, mitochondrial dynamics shifted toward fission, the number of fragmented cristae increased, and mitochondrial mass decreased. These alterations were restored by KBL409 administration. KBL409 supplementation also improved defects in fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis and restored the suppressed enzyme levels involved in TCA cycle. Accordingly, there was a concomitant improvement in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production assessed by mitochondrial function assay. These favorable effects of KBL409 on mitochondria ultimately decreased kidney fibrosis in CKD mice. In vitro analyses with butyrate recapitulated the findings of animal study. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 protects against kidney injury via improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ki Heon Nam
- Division of Integrated Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoungnae Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Woon-Ki Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- KoBiolabs, Inc., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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Kee YK, Lee J, Nam BY, Joo YS, Kang SW, Huh KH, Park JT. Donor fat-to-muscle ratio and kidney transplant outcomes: A proposition of metabolic memory. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3781. [PMID: 38367259 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The impact of donor abdominal fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) on kidney transplant (KT) outcomes was assessed. Given the transient nature of the donor's metabolic environment in transplant recipients, this study investigated the capacity of body composition to induce metabolic memory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS KT patients (n = 895) who received allografts from living donors (2003-2013) were included. Donor fat and muscle were quantified using pre-KT abdominal computed tomography scans. Patients were categorised into donor FMR tertiles and followed up for graft outcomes. Additionally, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed on 28 kidney graft samples from KT patients in the low- and high-FMR groups. RESULTS Mean recipient age was 42.9 ± 11.4 years and 60.9% were males. Donor FMR averaged 1.67 ± 0.79. Over a median of 120.9 ± 42.5 months, graft failure (n = 127) and death-censored graft failure (n = 109) were more frequent in the higher FMR tertiles. Adjusted hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest FMR tertile were 1.71 (95% CI, 1.06-2.75) for overall graft failure and 1.90 (95% CI, 1.13-3.20) for death-censored graft failure. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis identified 58 differentially methylated regions (p < 0.05, |Δβ| > 0.2) and 35 genes showed differential methylation between the high- (FMR >1.91) and low-FMR (FMR <1.27) groups. CONCLUSIONS Donors with increased fat and reduced muscle composition may negatively impact kidney allograft survival in recipients, possibly through the transmission of epigenetic changes, implying a body-composition-related metabolic memory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyung Kee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juhan Lee
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Su Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ha Huh
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim CH, Kang HY, Kim G, Park J, Nam BY, Park JT, Han SH, Kang SW, Yoo TH. Soluble receptors for advanced glycation end-products prevent unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1172269. [PMID: 37261287 PMCID: PMC10227196 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1172269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligands, such as high-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1), play an important role in the accumulation of extracellular matrix in chronic kidney diseases with tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Blocking RAGE signaling with soluble RAGE (sRAGE) is a therapeutic candidate for renal fibrosis. Methods: NRK-52E cells were stimulated with or without HMGB1 and incubated with sRAGE in vitro. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally treated with sRAGE after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) operation in vivo. Results: HMBG1-stimulated NRK-52E cells showed increased fibronectin expression, type I collagen, α-smooth muscle actin, and connective tissue growth factor, which were attenuated by sRAGE. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were enhanced in NRK-52E cells exposed to HMBG1, and sRAGE treatment alleviated the activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. In the UUO rat models, sRAGE significantly ameliorated the increased renal fibronectin, type I collagen, and α-smooth muscle actin expressions. Masson's trichrome staining confirmed the anti-fibrotic effect of sRAGE in the UUO rat model. RAGE also significantly attenuated the activation of the MAPK pathway and NF-κB, as well as the increased number of infiltrated macrophages within the tubulointerstitium in the kidney of the UUO rat models. Conclusion: These findings suggest that RAGE plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis and that its inhibition by sRAGE may be a potential therapeutic approach for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim H, Nam BY, Park J, Song S, Kim WK, Lee K, Nam TW, Park JT, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Ko G, Han SH. Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 reduces kidney fibrosis via immune modulatory effects in mice with chronic kidney disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101105. [PMID: 36059191 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intestinal dysbiosis has been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we aimed to evaluate whether probiotic supplements can have protective effects against kidney injury in an animal model of CKD. METHODS AND RESULTS An animal model of CKD was established by feeding C57BL/6 mice a diet containing 0.2% adenine. These model mice were administered Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 daily for 4 weeks. Features of adenine-induce CKD (Ade-CKD) mice, such as prominent kidney fibrosis and higher levels of serum creatinine and albuminuria were improved by administration of KBL409. Ade-CKD mice also exhibited a disrupted intestinal barrier and elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. These changes were attenuated by KBL409. Administration of KBL409 significantly reduced macrophage infiltration and promoted a switch to the M2 macrophage phenotype and increasing regulatory T cells. Notably, the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway was activated in the kidneys of Ade-CKD and decreased by KBL409. In primary kidney tubular epithelial cells treated with p-cresyl sulfate, short-chain fatty acids significantly increased M2 macrophage polarization factors and decreased profibrotic markers. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that supplementation with the probiotic KBL409 has beneficial immunomodulating effects and protects against kidney injury. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungnae Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Woon-Ki Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jung Tak Park
- Yonsei University, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Yonsei University, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Yonsei University, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- KoBiolabs, Inc., Seoul, Korea.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Yonsei University, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim S, Lee SA, Yoon H, Kim MY, Yoo JK, Ahn SH, Park CH, Park J, Nam BY, Park JT, Han SH, Kang SW, Kim NH, Kim HS, Han D, Yook JI, Choi C, Yoo TH. Exosome-based delivery of super-repressor IκBα ameliorates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Kidney Int 2021; 100:570-584. [PMID: 34051264 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury. Recent studies on the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury showed that immunologic responses significantly affect kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and repair. Nuclear factor (NF)-ĸB signaling, which controls cytokine production and cell survival, is significantly involved in ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury, and its inhibition can ameliorate ischemic acute kidney injury. Using EXPLOR, a novel, optogenetically engineered exosome technology, we successfully delivered the exosomal super-repressor inhibitor of NF-ĸB (Exo-srIĸB) into B6 wild type mice before/after kidney ischemia-reperfusion surgery, and compared outcomes with those of a control exosome (Exo-Naïve)-injected group. Exo-srIĸB treatment resulted in lower levels of serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in post-ischemic mice than in the Exo-Naïve treatment group. Systemic delivery of Exo-srIĸB decreased NF-ĸB activity in post-ischemic kidneys and reduced apoptosis. Post-ischemic kidneys showed decreased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules with Exo-srIĸB treatment as compared with the control. Intravital imaging confirmed the uptake of exosomes in neutrophils and macrophages. Exo-srIĸB treatment also significantly affected post-ischemic kidney immune cell populations, lowering neutrophil, monocyte/macrophage, and T cell frequencies than those in the control. Thus, modulation of NF-ĸB signaling through exosomal delivery can be used as a novel therapeutic method for ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sul A Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heakyung Yoon
- ILIAS Innovation Center, ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myung Yoon Kim
- ILIAS Innovation Center, ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Yoo
- ILIAS Innovation Center, ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So-Hee Ahn
- ILIAS Innovation Center, ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Jimin Park
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dawool Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chulhee Choi
- ILIAS Innovation Center, ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim S, Kang SW, Joo J, Han SH, Shin H, Nam BY, Park J, Yoo TH, Kim G, Lee P, Park JT. Correction: Characterization of ferroptosis in kidney tubular cell death under diabetic conditions. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:382. [PMID: 33833214 PMCID: PMC8032653 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongho Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huiyoon Shin
- Genome & Health Big Data Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pureunchowon Lee
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Jhee JH, Nam BY, Park JT, Kim HW, Chang TI, Kang EW, Lim BJ, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Jeong HJ, Han SH. CD71 mesangial IgA1 receptor and the progression of IgA nephropathy. Transl Res 2021; 230:34-43. [PMID: 33122053 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The transferrin receptor (CD71) is known as a receptor for IgA1 on mesangial cells, but the role of CD71 in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is unknown. We studied clinical implication of mesangial CD71 in 282 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN (2005-2018). The transcript and protein expression of glomerular CD71 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Ten subjects with microscopic hematuria only and no evidence of histologic abnormalities on kidney biopsy were considered as controls. Human mesangial cells (HMCs) were treated with sera from IgAN patients and expression levels of CD71 and inflammatory cytokine markers were compared according to disease status. Disease progression was defined as a ≥30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate from the baseline value. During a mean follow up of 53.5 (18.3-75.9) months, 80 (28.4%) patients developed disease progression. The mRNA expression of CD71 was significantly higher in progressors than in nonprogressors (P = 0.001). Among the Oxford classification scores, patients with M1 had significantly higher CD71 expression levels than those with M0. In a multivariable Cox model, elevated transcript levels of CD71 were significantly associated with 4.32-fold higher risk of disease progression (P = 0.009). Furthermore, CD71 expression levels independently predicted the increase in proteinuria of ≥50% from the baseline (P = 0.03). Finally, HMCs treated with sera from IgAN patients with the higher Oxford score (M1E1S1T0) more increased the mRNA expression of CD71 and inflammatory markers than those with sera from negative score (M0E0S0T0). However, silencing CD71 significantly reduced expression levels of the inflammatory cytokine genes. Our results show that mesangial CD71 is significantly associated with disease progression and may play a biologic role in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Jhee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Ik Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ea Wha Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Beom Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Joo Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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8
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Kim S, Kang SW, Joo J, Han SH, Shin H, Nam BY, Park J, Yoo TH, Kim G, Lee P, Park JT. Characterization of ferroptosis in kidney tubular cell death under diabetic conditions. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:160. [PMID: 33558472 PMCID: PMC7870666 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kidney tubular cell death induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is known to contribute to diabetic nephropathy, a major complication of diabetes. Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis are also involved in tubular cell death under diabetic conditions. Recently, ferroptosis, an atypical form of iron-dependent cell death, was reported to cause kidney disease, including acute kidney injury. Ferroptosis is primed by lipid peroxide accumulation through the cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc- (xCT) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-dependent mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ferroptosis in diabetes-induced tubular injury. TGF-β1-stimulated proximal tubular epithelial cells and diabetic mice models were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. xCT and GPX4 expression, cell viability, glutathione concentration, and lipid peroxidation were quantified to indicate ferroptosis. The effect of ferroptosis inhibition was also assessed. In kidney biopsy samples from diabetic patients, xCT and GPX4 mRNA expression was decreased compared to nondiabetic samples. In TGF-β1-stimulated tubular cells, intracellular glutathione concentration was reduced and lipid peroxidation was enhanced, both of which are related to ferroptosis-related cell death. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a ferroptosis inhibitor, alleviated TGF-β1-induced ferroptosis. In diabetic mice, kidney mRNA and protein expressions of xCT and GPX4 were reduced compared to control. Kidney glutathione concentration was decreased, while lipid peroxidation was increased in these mice, and these changes were alleviated by Fer-1 treatment. Ferroptosis is involved in kidney tubular cell death under diabetic conditions. Ferroptosis inhibition could be a therapeutic option for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongho Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huiyoon Shin
- Genome & Health Big Data Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pureunchowon Lee
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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9
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Jhee JH, Nam BY, Lee CJ, Park JT, Han SH, Kang SW, Park S, Yoo TH. Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor, Changes of 24-Hour Blood Pressure, and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 10:e017225. [PMID: 33325248 PMCID: PMC7955457 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Soluble urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is associated with cardiovascular risks and poor renal outcomes. However, whether elevated suPAR levels are associated with 24‐hour blood pressure patterns or kidney disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. Methods and Results A total of 751 patients with CKD stage 1 to 5 were recruited from CMERC‐HI (Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center–High Risk) cohort study (2013–2018). The relationship of serum suPAR levels to 24‐hour blood pressure parameters and CKD progression was analyzed. The median serum suPAR level was 1439.0 (interquartile range, 1026.2–2150.1) pg/mL, and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 52.8±28.5 mL/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline. Patients with higher suPAR levels had significantly higher levels of office, 24‐hour, daytime, and nighttime systolic blood pressure and nighttime diastolic blood pressure than those with lower suPAR levels. The highest suPAR tertile was associated with an increased risk of a reverse dipping pattern (odds ratio, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.27–6.76; P=0.01). During a follow‐up of 43.2 (interquartile range, 27.0–55.6) months, the CKD progression occurred in 271 (36.1%) patients. The highest suPAR tertile was significantly associated with higher risk of CKD progression than the lowest tertile (hazard ratio [HR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.37–3.21; P=0.001). When the relationship was reevaluated with respect to each dipping pattern (dipper, extreme dipper, nondipper, and reverse dipper), this association was consistent only in reverse dippers in whom the risk of CKD progression increased (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.02–2.01; P=0.03) with every 1‐unit increase in serum suPAR levels. Conclusions Elevated suPAR levels are independently associated with CKD progression, and this association is prominent in reverse dippers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Jhee
- Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Severance Biomedical Science Institute Brain Korea 21 PLUS Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Chan Joo Lee
- Division of Cardiology Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Integrated Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Severance Biomedical Science Institute Brain Korea 21 PLUS Yonsei University Seoul Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Integrated Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
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10
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Kim S, Jeong CH, Song SH, Um JE, Kim HS, Yun JS, Han D, Cho ES, Nam BY, Yook JI, Ku M, Yang J, Kim MD, Kim NH, Yoo TH. Micellized Protein Transduction Domain-Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Efficiently Blocks Renal Fibrosis Via Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:591275. [PMID: 33364962 PMCID: PMC7751754 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.591275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis is a chronic disease process affecting chronic kidney disease (CKD). While the etiological role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is well known for epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in chronic kidney disease, effective therapeutics for renal fibrosis are largely limited. As a member of the TGF-β superfamily, bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) plays an important role as an endogenous antagonist of TGF-β, inhibiting fibrotic progression in many organs. However, soluble rhBMP-7 is hardly available for therapeutics due to its limited pharmacodynamic profile and rapid clearance in clinical settings. In this study, we have developed a novel therapeutic approach with protein transduction domain (PTD) fused BMP-7 in micelle (mPTD-BMP-7) for long-range signaling in vivo. Contrary to rhBMP-7 targeting its cognate receptors, the nano-sized mPTD-BMP-7 is transduced into cells through an endosomal pathway and secreted to the exosome having active BMP-7. Further, transduced mPTD-BMP-7 successfully activates SMAD1/5/8 and inhibits the TGF-β–mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition process in vitro and in an in vivo unilateral ureter obstruction model. To determine the clinical relevance of our strategy, we also developed an intra-arterial administration of mPTD-BMP-7 through renal artery in pigs. Interestingly, mPTD-BMP-7 through renal artery intervention effectively delivered into Bowman’s space and inhibits unilateral ureter obstruction–induced renal fibrosis in pigs. Our results provide a novel therapeutic targeting TGF-β–mediated renal fibrosis and other organs as well as a clinically available approach for kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,MET Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Jeong
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Song
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Seop Yun
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dawool Han
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunae Sandra Cho
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minhee Ku
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Systems Molecular Radiological Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Systems Molecular Radiological Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man-Deuk Kim
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Kim S, Shin DH, Nam BY, Kang HY, Park J, Wu M, Kim NH, Kim HS, Park JT, Han SH, Kang SW, Yook JI, Yoo TH. Newly designed Protein Transduction Domain (PTD)-mediated BMP-7 is a potential therapeutic for peritoneal fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13507-13522. [PMID: 33079436 PMCID: PMC7701504 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While the bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) is a well‐known therapeutic growth factor reverting many fibrotic diseases, including peritoneal fibrosis by peritoneal dialysis (PD), soluble growth factors are largely limited in clinical applications owing to their short half‐life in clinical settings. Recently, we developed a novel drug delivery model using protein transduction domains (PTD) overcoming limitation of soluble recombinant proteins, including bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7). This study aims at evaluating the therapeutic effects of PTD‐BMP‐7 consisted of PTD and full‐length BMP‐7 on epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related fibrosis. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were then treated with TGF‐β1 or TGF‐β1 + PTD‐BMP‐7. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters were inserted into Sprague‐Dawley rats, and these rats were infused intra‐peritoneally with saline, peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) or PDF + PTD‐BMP‐7. In vitro, TGF‐β1 treatment significantly increased fibronectin, type I collagen, α‐SMA and Snail expression, while reducing E‐cadherin expression in HPMCs (P < .001). PTD‐BMP‐7 treatment ameliorated TGF‐β1‐induced fibronectin, type I collagen, α‐SMA and Snail expression, and restored E‐cadherin expression in HPMCs (P < .001). In vivo, the expressions of EMT‐related molecules and the thickness of the sub‐mesothelial layer were significantly increased in the peritoneum of rats treated with PDF, and these changes were significantly abrogated by the intra‐peritoneal administration of PTD‐BMP‐7. PTD‐BMP‐7 treatment significantly inhibited the progression of established PD fibrosis. These findings suggest that PTD‐BMP‐7, as a prodrug of BMP‐7, can be an effective therapeutic agent for peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,MET Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Oh HJ, Oh H, Nam BY, You JS, Ryu DR, Kang SW, Chung YE. The protective effect of klotho against contrast-associated acute kidney injury via the antioxidative effect. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F881-F889. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00297.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As oxidative stress is one major factor behind contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI), we investigated the protective effect of klotho against CA-AKI via the antioxidative effect. In in vitro experiments, cells (NRK-52E) were divided into the following three groups: control, iopamidol, or iopamidol + recombinant klotho (rKL) groups. Moreover, cell viability was measured with the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and oxidative stress was examined with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence intensity. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to assess propidium iodide klotho expression, and Bax-to-Bcl-2 and apoptosis ratios were evaluated with annexin V/Hoechst 33342 staining. Furthermore, we knocked down the klotho gene using siRNA to verify the endogenous effect of klotho. In our in vivo experiments, oxidative stress was evaluated with the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance assay, and apoptosis was evaluated with the Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. Additionally, cell and tissue morphology were investigated with transmission electron microscopy. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, mRNA and protein expression of klotho significantly decreased in CA-AKI mice compared with control mice, whereas oxidative stress and apoptosis markers were significantly increased in CA-AKI mice. However, rKL supplementation mitigated the elevated apoptotic markers and oxidative stress in the CA-AKI mouse model and improved cell viability. In contrast, oxidative stress and apoptotic markers were more aggravated when the klotho gene was knocked down. Moreover, we found more cytoplasmic vacuoles in the CA-AKI mouse model using transmission electron microscopy but fewer cytoplasmic vacuoles in rKL-supplemented cells. The present study shows that klotho in proximal tubular cells can protect against CA-AKI via an antioxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jung Oh
- Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Human Health Information, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Oh
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Sung You
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ryeol Ryu
- Research Institute for Human Health Information, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eun Chung
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kee YK, Nam BY, Jhee JH, Park JT, Lim BJ, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Jeong HJ, Han SH. The Association of Glomerular Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression with Responsiveness to Corticosteroid Treatment in IgA Nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 2019; 50:187-195. [PMID: 31408863 DOI: 10.1159/000502327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticosteroids can be used to treat IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, responsiveness to these drugs is highly variable and unpredictable. Corticosteroids act by binding glucocorticoid receptors (GCRs). Therefore, we evaluated the association between GCR expression and responsiveness to corticosteroid treatment in IgAN. METHODS We screened 78 IgAN patients receiving steroid treatment between 2010 and 2016. Of these, 33 patients met study inclusion criteria. Glomerular GCR expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) were defined as a spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) of <0.3 g/g and a ≥50% reduction of proteinuria from baseline along with UPCR of ≥0.3 g/g, respectively. Disease progression was defined as a ≥30% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline. RESULTS The mean age of study patients was 43.9 ± 11.6 years (25 males and 8 females). All 33 patients responded to steroid treatment; CR and PR occurred in 14 (42.4%) and 18 (54.5%) patients, respectively. One patient did not achieve PR, but proteinuria was decreased after treatment. There were no significant differences in baseline eGFR and proteinuria between CR and non-CR groups. GCR mRNA expression was significantly higher in the CR group compared to that in the non-CR group. Immunohistochemistry confirmed higher GCR expression in the CR group. During a median follow-up of 20.6 months, 1 (7.1%) patient in the CR group had disease progression, as compared to 8 (42.1%) patients in non-CR group (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION This study suggests that responsiveness to corticosteroid may differ depending on the degree of glomerular GCR expression in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyung Kee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Jhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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14
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Oh HJ, Nam BY, Wu M, Kim S, Park J, Kang S, Park JT, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Han SH. Klotho plays a protective role against glomerular hypertrophy in a cell cycle-dependent manner in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F791-F805. [PMID: 29638159 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00462.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few studies on the effect of klotho on podocytes in diabetic nephropathy. Thus, we tested whether klotho exerts a protective effect against glomerular injury in diabetes. Mouse podocytes were cultured in media containing 5.6 or 30 mM glucose(HG) with or without 200 pM of recombinant klotho (rKL). Additionally, 32 mice were injected intraperitoneally with either diluent( n = 16, C) or with streptozotocin ( n = 16, DM). Control and diabetic mice underwent sham operation and unilateral nephrectomy, respectively. Eight mice from each control and DM group were treated daily with 10 μg·kg-1·day-1 of rKL, using an osmotic minipump. Klotho was expressed in podocytes, and its expression was dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activateed receptor-γ (PPARγ). HG treatment increased the expression of cell cycle-related and apoptotic markers, and these were significantly attenuated by rKL; rKL inhibited the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 and p38 signaling pathways in HG-induced podocyte injury. However, siRNA against klotho gene in HG-treated podocytes failed to aggravate cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. When HG-treated podocytes were incubated in the high-klotho-conditioned medium from tubular epithelial cells, cell injury was significantly attenuated. This effect was not observed when klotho was inhibited by siRNA. In vivo, the expressions of cell cycle-related and apoptotic markers were increased in diabetic mice compared with controls, which were significantly decreased by rKL. Glomerular hypertrophy (GH) and increased profibrotic markers were significantly alleviated after rKL administration. These results showed that klotho was expressed in glomerular podocytes that and its expression was regulated by PPARγ. Additionally, administration of rKL attenuated GH via a cell cycle-dependent mechanism and decreased apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jung Oh
- Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Divison of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Divison of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Divison of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Divison of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Paeng J, Park J, Um JE, Nam BY, Kang HY, Kim S, Oh HJ, Park JT, Han SH, Ryu DR, Yoo TH, Kang SW. The locally activated renin-angiotensin system is involved in albumin permeability in glomerular endothelial cells under high glucose conditions. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:61-72. [PMID: 27358275 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the diabetic milieu per se , hemodynamic changes, oxidative stress and local growth factors such as angiotensin II (AII) are considered to be mediators in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, the underlying pathways mediating the changes in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in high glucose (HG)-stimulated GECs and the role of the local RAS in morphological and functional changes in GECs under diabetic conditions. Methods We stimulated GECs with 5.6 mM glucose or 30 mM glucose with or without an angiotensin II type I receptor blocker (ARB) in vitro and also performed experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats injected with diluent ( n = 16) or streptozotocin [ n = 16, diabetes (DM)]. Eight rats from each group were treated with ARB for 3 months in vivo . Real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent staining using cultured GECs were performed. The permeability of GECs to macromolecules was assessed by measuring the passage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin. Morphological changes were also evaluated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results There were significant increases in angiotensinogen expression in HG-stimulated GECs along with significant increases in AI and AII levels. Moreover, the expression of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS-GAG) assessed by immunofluorescent staining was significantly lower and the permeability to albumin was significantly higher in GECs exposed to HG medium, and ARB treatment significantly abrogated these changes. Upon electron microscopy examination, the mean size of the GEC fenestrae was significantly greater in HG-stimulated GECs and DM rats, and these increases were significantly ameliorated by ARB. Conclusions The local RAS within GECs was activated under HG conditions, and this activation may be associated with both an alteration in GEC fenestration and a decrease in HS-GAG, resulting in the development of albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Paeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Kong KH, Oh HJ, Lim BJ, Kim M, Han KH, Choi YH, Kwon K, Nam BY, Park KS, Park JT, Han SH, Yoo TH, Lee S, Kim SJ, Kang DH, Choi KB, Eremina V, Quaggin SE, Ryu DR, Kang SW. Selective tubular activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α has dual effects on renal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11351. [PMID: 28900259 PMCID: PMC5596020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key transcriptional factor in the response to hypoxia. Although the effect of HIF activation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been widely evaluated, the results have been inconsistent until now. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HIF-2α activation on renal fibrosis according to the activation timing in inducible tubule-specific transgenic mice with non-diabetic CKD. HIF-2α activation in renal tubular cells upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of fibronectin and type 1 collagen associated with the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In CKD mice, activation of HIF-2α at the beginning of CKD significantly aggravated renal fibrosis, whereas it did not lead to renal dysfunction. However, activation at a late-stage of CKD abrogated both renal dysfunction and fibrosis, which was associated with restoration of renal vasculature and amelioration of hypoxia through increased renal tubular expression of VEGF and its isoforms. As with tubular cells with HIF-2α activation, those under hypoxia also upregulated VEGF, fibronectin, and type 1 collagen expressions associated with HIF-1α activation. In conclusion, late-stage renal tubular HIF-2α activation has protective effects on renal fibrosis and the resultant renal dysfunction, thus it could represent a therapeutic target in late stage of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyung Jung Oh
- Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Jin Lim
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minsuk Kim
- School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Han
- School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kihwan Kwon
- School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jung Tak Park
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shina Lee
- School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kim
- School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Hee Kang
- School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Bok Choi
- School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vera Eremina
- The Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dong-Ryeol Ryu
- School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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17
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Um JE, Park JT, Nam BY, Lee JP, Jung JH, Kim Y, Kim S, Park J, Wu M, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kang SW. Periostin-binding DNA aptamer treatment attenuates renal fibrosis under diabetic conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8490. [PMID: 28819200 PMCID: PMC5561139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, the major cause of chronic kidney disease, is associated with progressive renal fibrosis. Recently, accumulation of periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, was shown to augment renal fibrosis. Aptamers have higher binding affinities without developing the common side effects of antibodies. Thus, we evaluated the effect of periostin inhibition by an aptamer-based inhibitor on renal fibrosis under diabetic conditions. In vitro, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) treatment significantly upregulated periostin, fibronectin, and type I collagen mRNA and protein expressions in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. These increases were attenuated significantly in periostin-binding DNA aptamer (PA)-treated IMCD cells exposed to TGF-β1. In vivo, PA treatment attenuated the increased blood urea nitrogen levels in the diabetic mice significantly. Fibronectin and type I collagen mRNA and protein expressions increased significantly in the kidneys of diabetic mice: PA administration abrogated these increases significantly. Immunohistochemistry and Sirius Red staining also revealed that fibronectin expression was significantly higher and tubulointersititial fibrosis was significantly worse in diabetic mice kidneys compared with control mice. These changes were ameliorated by PA treatment. These findings suggested that inhibition of periostin using a DNA aptamer could be a potential therapeutic strategy against renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Um
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ha Jung
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Youndong Kim
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Han SH, Wu MY, Nam BY, Park JT, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Park J, Chinga F, Li SY, Susztak K. PGC-1 α Protects from Notch-Induced Kidney Fibrosis Development. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3312-3322. [PMID: 28751525 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the histologic manifestation of CKD. Sustained activation of developmental pathways, such as Notch, in tubule epithelial cells has been shown to have a key role in fibrosis development. The molecular mechanism of Notch-induced fibrosis, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that, that expression of peroxisomal proliferation g-coactivator (PGC-1α) and fatty acid oxidation-related genes are lower in mice expressing active Notch1 in tubular epithelial cells (Pax8-rtTA/ICN1) compared to littermate controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the Notch target gene Hes1 directly binds to the regulatory region of PGC-1α Compared with Pax8-rtTA/ICN1 transgenic animals, Pax8-rtTA/ICN1/Ppargc1a transgenic mice showed improvement of renal structural alterations (on histology) and molecular defect (expression of profibrotic genes). Overexpression of PGC-1α restored mitochondrial content and reversed the fatty acid oxidation defect induced by Notch overexpression in vitro in tubule cells. Furthermore, compared with Pax8-rtTA/ICN1 mice, Pax8-rtTA/ICN1/Ppargc1a mice exhibited improvement in renal fatty acid oxidation gene expression and apoptosis. Our results show that metabolic dysregulation has a key role in kidney fibrosis induced by sustained activation of the Notch developmental pathway and can be ameliorated by PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mei-Yan Wu
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; and.,Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; and
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; and
| | - Jihwan Park
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank Chinga
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Szu-Yuan Li
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
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19
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Jhee JH, Kang HY, Wu M, Nam BY, Chang TI, Jung SY, Park S, Kim H, Yun HR, Kee YK, Yoon CY, Park JT, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Han SH. Circulating CD89-IgA complex does not predict deterioration of kidney function in Korean patients with IgA nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 56:75-85. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Soluble CD89 (sCD89)-IgA complex plays a key role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, there is a lack of evidence supporting this complex as a good biomarker for disease progression. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of sCD89-IgA complex for risk stratification of IgAN.
Methods:
A total of 326 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN were included. sCD89-IgA complex was measured by sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study endpoints were a 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
Results:
sCD89-IgA complex levels were inversely and weakly associated with eGFR at the time of biopsy (r=−0.12, p=0.03). However, the significance between the two factors was lost in the multivariate linear regression after adjustment of clinical factors (β=0.35, p=0.75). In a multivariate Cox model, the highest (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35–1.61; p=0.45) and middle (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.46–1.89; p=0.84) tertiles of sCD89-IgA complex levels were not associated with an increased risk of developing a 30% decrease in eGFR. Furthermore, the decline rates in eGFR did not differ between groups and C-statistics revealed that the sCD89-IgA complex were not superior to clinical factors in predicting disease progression.
Conclusions:
This study found no association between sCD89-IgA complex levels and disease progression in IgAN. Although sCD89 can contribute to the formation of immune complexes, our findings suggest that the sCD89-IgA level is not a good predictor of adverse outcomes and has limited clinical utility as a biomarker for risk stratification in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Jhee
- Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
- Department of Nephrology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ik Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine , National Health Insurance Service Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungnae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryong Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyung Kee
- Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine , Severance Hospital , Yonsei University College of Medicine , 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu , Seoul , 120-752, Korea
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20
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Nam BY, Park JT, Kwon YE, Lee JP, Jung JH, Kim Y, Kim S, Park J, Um JE, Wu M, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kang SW. Periostin-Binding DNA Aptamer Treatment Ameliorates Peritoneal Dialysis-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2017. [PMID: 28624215 PMCID: PMC5436072 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a major complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, which leads to dialysis discontinuation. Periostin, increased by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation, induces the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes. Aberrant periostin expression has been demonstrated to be associated with PD-related peritoneal fibrosis. Therefore, the effect of periostin inhibition by an aptamer-based inhibitor on peritoneal fibrosis was evaluated. In vitro, TGF-β1 treatment upregulated periostin, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Snail expression and reduced E-cadherin expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Periostin small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment ameliorated the TGF-β1-induced periostin, fibronectin, α-SMA, and Snail expression and restored E-cadherin expression in HPMCs. Similarly, the periostin-binding DNA aptamer (PA) also attenuated fibronectin, α-SMA, and Snail upregulation and E-cadherin downregulation in TGF-β1-stimulated HPMCs. In mice treated with PD solution for 4 weeks, the expression of periostin, fibronectin, α-SMA, and Snail was significantly increased in the peritoneum, whereas E-cadherin expression was significantly decreased. The thickness of the submesothelial layer and the intensity of Masson's trichrome staining in the PD group were significantly increased compared to the untreated group. These changes were significantly abrogated by the intraperitoneal administration of PA. These findings suggest that PA can be a potential therapeutic strategy for peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Young Eun Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10475, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - Jong Ha Jung
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Aptamer Sciences, Inc., Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Youndong Kim
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Aptamer Sciences, Inc., Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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21
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Yoon CY, Park J, Seo C, Nam BY, Kim S, Kee YK, Lee M, Cha MU, Kim H, Park S, Yun HR, Jung SY, Jhee JH, Kwon YE, Wu M, Um JE, Kang HY, Park JT, Han SH, Kang SW, Kim HC, Park S, Lim SK, Yoo TH. Low Dentin Matrix Protein 1 Is Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Events in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2149-2158. [PMID: 27390906 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports demonstrated that dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) acts as an inhibitor of vascular calcification and might be a potential biomarker for chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder; however, no clinical investigations regarding DMP1 have been performed in dialysis patients. We investigated the prognostic value of DMP1 on cardiovascular outcomes in prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients. We recruited 223 prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients and divided them into high and low DMP1 groups according to log-transformed plasma DMP1 levels. Lateral lumbar spine radiographs were used for measurement of vascular calcification. Major cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups. A Cox proportional hazards analysis determined DMP1 was independently associated with cardiovascular outcomes. In vitro mouse osteocytes were cultured in media containing indoxyl sulfate (IS), and the expressions of DMP1 were examined. The mean age was 52.1 ± 11.8 years, and 116 (52.0%) patients were male. The median value of log DMP1 was 0.91 (0.32-2.81 ng/mL). The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that DMP1 levels were independently associated with the presence of vascular calcification after adjustment for multiple confounding factors (odds ratio = 0.719; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.522-0.989; p = 0.043). During a mean follow-up duration of 34.6 months, incident cardiovascular events were observed in 41 (18.4%) patients. A Kaplan-Meier plot showed that the low DMP1 group had a significantly higher rate of incident cardiovascular events compared with the high DMP1 group (log-rank test, p = 0.026). In addition, multiple Cox analysis showed that low DMP1 was significantly associated with incident cardiovascular events (log 1 increase: hazard ratio = 0.855; 95% CI 0.743-0.984; p = 0.029) after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. In IS-stimulated osteocytes, mRNA and protein expression levels of DMP1 were significantly decreased compared with control osteocytes. We showed that low DMP1 levels were significantly associated with presence of vascular calcification and were independently associated with the incident cardiovascular events in prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients. DMP1 might be a potential factor contributing to cardiovascular complications in dialysis patients. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yun Yoon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Seo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyung Kee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Misol Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Uk Cha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungnae Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryong Yun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Jhee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Kwon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kil Lim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Nam BY, Kim DK, Park JT, Kang HY, Paeng J, Kim S, Park J, Um JE, Oh HJ, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kang SW. Double transduction of a Cre/LoxP lentiviral vector: a simple method to generate kidney cell-specific knockdown mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F1060-9. [PMID: 26377795 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00251.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In a lentivirus-based gene delivery system, the incorporated gene is continuously expressed for a long time. In this study, we devised a simple way to knock down a specific gene in a kidney cell-specific pattern in adult mice by lentivirus-assisted transfer of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Kidney collecting duct (CD)-specific aquaporin-3 (AQP3)-knockdown mice were generated by consecutive injection of Hoxb7-Cre-expressing lentivirus (LV-Hoxb7 Cre) and loxP-AQP3 shRNA-expressing lentivirus (LV-loxP shAQP3) in adult C57BL6/J mice. LV-Hoxb7 Cre was designed to express mCherry, while LV-loxP shAQP3 was designed with a floxed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged stop sequence, and thus EGFP would be expressed only in the absence of Cre recombination. In mice treated with LV-Hoxb7 Cre alone, mCherry protein expression, which indicates the presence of Cre recombinase, occurred only in CD cells. However, LV-loxP shAQP3 injection alone resulted in an increase in EGFP expression in all kidney cells, indicating the transcription of the floxed region. When LV-Hoxb7 Cre and LV-loxP shAQP3 were sequentially transduced, EGFP expression was attenuated while mCherry expression was sustained in CD cells, demonstrating a CD cell-specific recombination of the floxed region. AQP3 expression in mice injected with LV-Hoxb7 Cre or LV-loxP shAQP3 alone did not differ, but consecutive injection of LV-Hoxb7 Cre and LV-loxP shAQP3 significantly reduced AQP3 expression in CD cells. However, the expression levels of AQP3 were not altered in other cell types. Double transduction of Cre- and loxP-based lentivirus can easily generate kidney cell-specific knockdown mice, and this method might be applicable to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Hye-Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Jisun Paeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Jae Eun Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Hyung Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
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Park JT, Kato M, Lanting L, Castro N, Nam BY, Wang M, Kang SW, Natarajan R. Repression of let-7 by transforming growth factor-β1-induced Lin28 upregulates collagen expression in glomerular mesangial cells under diabetic conditions. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1390-403. [PMID: 25354942 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00458.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of mesangial extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen type 1-α2 (Col1a2) and collagen type 4-α1 (Col4a1) is a key feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays important roles in ECM accumulation in DN, and evidence shows a mediatory role for microRNAs. In the present study, we found that microRNA let-7 family members (let-7b/c/d/g/i) were downregulated in TGF-β-treated mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) along with upregulation of Col1a2 and Col4a1. Ectopic expression of let-7b in TGF-β-treated MMCs attenuated Col1a2 and Col4a1 upregulation. Conversely, let-7b inhibitors increased Col1a2 and Col4a1 levels. Cotransfection of MMCs with mouse Col1a2 or Col4a1 3'-untranslated region luciferase constructs and let-7b inhibitors increased luciferase activity. However, constructs with let-7 target site mutations were unresponsive to TGF-β. TGF-β-induced 3'-untranslated region activity was attenuated by let-7b mimics, suggesting that Col1a2 and Col4a1 are direct targets of let-7b. In addition, Lin28b, a negative regulator of let-7 biogenesis, was upregulated in TGF-β-treated MMCs. Luciferase assays showed that the Lin28b promoter containing the Smad-binding element (SBE) responded to TGF-β, which was abolished in constructs without SBE. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed TGF-β-induced enrichment of Smad2/3 at the Lin28b promoter, together suggesting that Lin28b is transcriptionally induced by TGF-β through SBE. Furthermore, let-7b levels were decreased, whereas Lin28b, Col1a2, and Col4a1 levels were increased, in glomeruli of diabetic mice compared with nondiabetic control mice, demonstrating the in vivo relevance of this Lin28/let-7/collagen axis. These results identify Lin28 as a new TGF-β target gene and suggest a novel role for the Lin28/let-7 pathway in controlling TGF-β-induced collagen accumulation in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mitsuo Kato
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Linda Lanting
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Nancy Castro
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Mei Wang
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Paeng J, Chang JH, Lee SH, Nam BY, Kang HY, Kim S, Oh HJ, Park JT, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kang SW. Enhanced glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity mediates podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1678-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chang TI, Kang HY, Kim KS, Lee SH, Nam BY, Paeng J, Kim S, Park JT, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Han SH. The effect of statin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in peritoneal mesothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109628. [PMID: 25275561 PMCID: PMC4183618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Statins have recently been highlighted for their pleiotropic actions distinct from cholesterol-lowering effects. Despite this interest, it is currently unknown whether statin therapy inhibits peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods In vitro, human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were exposed to 5.6 mM glucose (NG) or 100 mM glucose (HG) with or without simvastatin (1 µM). In vivo, PD catheters were inserted into 32 Sprague-Dawley rats, and saline (C, n = 16) or 4.25% peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) (PD, n = 16) was infused for 4 weeks. Eight rats from each group were treated with 5 mg/kg/day of simvastatin intraperitoneally. Changes in the protein expression of EMT markers such as E-cadherin, α-SMA, Snail, and fibronectin in HPMCs and the peritoneum were evaluated by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence or immunohistochemical staining. We also explored whether activation of the mevalonate pathway and its downstream small GTPases were involved in dialysis-related peritoneal EMT and could be inhibited by statin treatment. Results Compared to NG cells, E-cadherin expression was significantly decreased, while α-SMA, Snail, and fibronectin expression were significantly increased in HPMCs exposed to HG, and these changes were abrogated by simvastatin (p<0.05). In addition, the cobblestone-like appearance of normal HPMCs was converted into a fibroblast-like morphology after HG treatment, which was reversed by simvastatin. These EMT-like changes were also observed in HPMCs treated with geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (5 µM). HG significantly increased the protein expression of RhoA and Rac1 in the membrane fractions, and these increases were ameliorated by simvastatin (p<0.05). In PD rats, E-cadherin in the peritoneum was significantly decreased, whereas α-SMA, Snail, and fibronectin expression were significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to C rats. The thickness of the mesothelial layer in the peritoneum were also significantly greater in PD rats than in C rats (p<0.05). These changes of the peritoneum in PD rats were significantly attenuated by simvastatin. Conclusion This study demonstrated that PD-related EMT was mediated via the mevalonate pathway, and statin treatment inhibited the EMT changes in HG-treated HPMCs and PDF-stimulated PD rats. These findings suggest that statins may be a promising therapeutic strategy for preservation of peritoneal membrane integrity in long-term PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ik Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, NHIS Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-shi, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisun Paeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Oh HJ, Nam BY, Lee MJ, Kim CH, Koo HM, Doh FM, Han JH, Kim EJ, Han JS, Park JT, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Han DS, Han SH. Decreased circulating klotho levels in patients undergoing dialysis and relationship to oxidative stress and inflammation. Perit Dial Int 2014; 35:43-51. [PMID: 24497597 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2013.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been reported that klotho deficiency is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in experimental kidney disease models. Patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD) are particularly characterized by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. However, little is known about the relationship between these features and klotho in patients with ESRD. METHODS We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study of 78 patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). Serum concentrations of klotho, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 8-isoprostane were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To define factors independently associated with klotho, we determined Spearman's correlation coefficients for between co-variates and conducted multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS Patients were classified by median concentration of klotho. In patients with klotho levels > 329.6 pg/mL, serum 8-isoprostane and IL-6 levels were significantly higher than in those with klotho levels < 329.6 pg/mL. In correlation analyses, log 8-isoprostane (γ = -0.310, p = 0.006) and log IL-6 (γ = -0.343, p = 0.002) were inversely correlated with log klotho. After adjustment for age, gender, mean arterial pressure, log intact parathyroid hormone, and log IL-6, log 8-isoprostane was independently associated with log klotho (β = -0.158, p = 0.040). However, the significant relationship between klotho and IL-6 was not seen in an adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that circulating klotho levels were significantly associated with 8-isoprostane levels in patients undergoing PD, suggesting a potential link between klotho deficiency and enhanced oxidative stress in ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jung Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyang Mo Koo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fa Mee Doh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Suk Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Suk Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HR, Nam BY, Kim DW, Kang MW, Han JH, Lee MJ, Shin DH, Doh FM, Koo HM, Ko KI, Kim CH, Oh HJ, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Han DS, Han SH. Circulating α-klotho levels in CKD and relationship to progression. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 61:899-909. [PMID: 23540260 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Klotho is reported to have protective effects against kidney injury, and its renal expression is decreased in many experimental models of kidney disease. However, circulating α-klotho levels in human chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the relationship to progression are unknown. STUDY DESIGN Post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 243 of 301 participants from a CKD cohort at our institution between January 2006 and December 2011 were eligible for the study. PREDICTOR Baseline α-klotho levels. OUTCOMES Primary outcome was the composite of doubling of baseline serum creatinine concentration, end-stage renal disease, or death. End-stage renal disease was defined as onset of treatment by renal replacement therapy. MEASUREMENTS Serum α-klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Lower serum α-klotho levels were associated with more severe CKD stage in the cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data (P for trend < 0.001). In the adjusted multivariable linear regression model, log(α-klotho) was associated independently with estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = 0.154; P = 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that baseline α-klotho level independently predicted the composite outcome after adjustment for age, diabetes, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, parathyroid hormone level, and FGF-23 level (HR per 10-pg/mL increase, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98; P < 0.001). When patients were categorized into 2 groups according to baseline median α-klotho value, 43 (35.2%) patients with α-klotho levels ≤396.3 pg/mL reached the primary composite outcome compared with 19 (15.7%) with α-klotho levels >396.3 pg/mL (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.07-3.85; P = 0.03). LIMITATIONS Uncontrolled dietary phosphorus intake and use of frozen samples. CONCLUSIONS This observational study showed that low circulating α-klotho levels were associated with adverse kidney disease outcome, suggesting that α-klotho is a novel biomarker for CKD progression. More data from larger prospective longitudinal studies are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Rae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SH, Kang HY, Kim KS, Nam BY, Paeng J, Kim S, Li JJ, Park JT, Kim DK, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kang SW. The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCR2 system is involved in peritoneal dialysis-related epithelial-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1698-711. [PMID: 23007133 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) has a role in the process of peritoneal fibrosis (PF), a serious complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Even though monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was demonstrated to directly increase extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, the role of the MCP-1/CCR2 system in PD-related EMT and ECM synthesis in cultured human PMCs (HPMCs) and in an animal model of PD has never been elucidated. In vitro, HPMCs were exposed to 5.6 mM glucose (NG), NG+MCP-1 (10 ng/ml) (NG+MCP-1), or 100 mM glucose (HG) with or without CCR2 inhibitor (RS102895) (CCR2i) or a dominant-negative mutant MCP-1-expressing lentivirus (LV-mMCP-1). In vivo, PD catheters were inserted into 60 Sprague-Dawley rats, and saline (Control, C) (N=30) or 4.25% PD solution (PD) (N=30) was infused for 4 weeks. Twenty rats from each group were treated with empty LV or LV-mMCP-1 intraperitoneally. Snail, E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and fibronectin protein expression in HPMCs and the peritoneum was evaluated by western blot analysis. Compared with NG cells, Snail, α-SMA, and fibronectin expression was significantly increased, while E-cadherin expression was significantly decreased in HPMCs exposed to HG and NG+MCP-1, and these changes were significantly abrogated by CCR2i (P<0.05). In addition, MCP-1-induced EMT was significantly attenuated by anti-TGF-β1 antibody. In PD rats, Snail and fibronectin expression was significantly increased in the peritoneum, whereas the ratios of E-cadherin/α-SMA protein expression were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The thickness of the peritoneum and the intensity of Masson's trichrome staining in the peritoneum were also significantly higher in PD rats than in C rats (P<0.05). These changes in PD rats were significantly abrogated by LV-mMCP-1. These findings suggest that the MCP-1/CCR2 system is directly involved in PD-related EMT and ECM synthesis and that this is mediated, at least in part, via TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ha Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) on inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in mesangial and tubular epithelial cells under diabetic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with either a diluent [n=16, control (C)] or streptozotocin [n=16, diabetes (DM)], and eight rats each from the control and diabetic groups were treated with evening primrose oil by gavage for three months. Rat mesangial cells and NRK-52E cells were exposed to medium containing 5.6 mM glucose and 30 mM glucose (HG), with or without GLA (10 or 100 μM). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and fibronectin (FN) mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-four-hour urinary albumin excretion was significantly increased in DM compared to C rats, and GLA treatment significantly reduced albuminuria in DM rats. ICAM-1, MCP-1, FN mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in DM than in C kidneys, and these increases were significantly abrogated by GLA treatment. In vitro, GLA significantly inhibited increases in MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein levels under high glucose conditions in HG-stimulated mesangial and tubular epithelial cells (p<0.05, respectively). ICAM-1 and FN expression showed a similar pattern to the expression of MCP-1. CONCLUSION GLA attenuates not only inflammation by inhibiting enhanced MCP-1 and ICAM-1 expression, but also ECM accumulation in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Ha Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jae Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jwa-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim DK, Nam BY, Li JJ, Park JT, Lee SH, Kim DH, Kim JY, Kang HY, Han SH, Yoo TH, Han DS, Kang SW. Translationally controlled tumour protein is associated with podocyte hypertrophy in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1205-17. [PMID: 22311416 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) is thought to be involved in cell growth by regulating mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling. As diabetes characteristically induces podocyte hypertrophy and mTORC1 has been implicated in this process, TCTP may have a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced podocyte hypertrophy. METHODS We investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of TCTP in diabetic mice and in high glucose-stimulated cultured podocytes. To characterise the role of TCTP, we conducted lentivirus-mediated gene silencing of TCTP both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Glomerular production of TCTP was significantly higher in streptozotocin induced-diabetic DBA/2J mice than in control animals. Double-immunofluorescence staining for TCTP and synaptopodin revealed that podocyte was the principal cell responsible for this increase. TCTP knockdown attenuated the activation of mTORC1 downstream effectors and the overproduction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) in diabetic glomeruli, along with a reduction in proteinuria and a decrease in the sizes of podocytes as well as glomeruli. In addition, knockdown of TCTP in db/db mice prevented the development of diabetic nephropathy, as indicated by the amelioration of proteinuria, mesangial expansion, podocytopenia and glomerulosclerosis. In accordance with the in vivo data, TCTP inhibition abrogated high glucose-induced hypertrophy in cultured podocytes, which was accompanied by the downregulation of mTORC1 effectors and CKIs. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that TCTP might play an important role in the process of podocyte hypertrophy under diabetic conditions via the regulation of mTORC1 activity and the induction of cell-cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Nam BY, Paeng J, Kim SH, Lee SH, Kim DH, Kang HY, Li JJ, Kwak SJ, Park JT, Yoo TH, Han SH, Kim DK, Kang SW. The MCP-1/CCR2 axis in podocytes is involved in apoptosis induced by diabetic conditions. Apoptosis 2011; 17:1-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee SH, Nam BY, Kang EW, Han SH, Li JJ, Kim DH, Kim SH, Kwak SJ, Park JT, Chang TI, Yoo TH, Han DS, Kang SW. Effects of an oral adsorbent on oxidative stress and fibronectin expression in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2134-41. [PMID: 20157172 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that AST-120 (Kremezin((R))), a well-known oral adsorbent, inhibits the progression of diabetic (DM) and non-DM chronic kidney disease along with a decrease in oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to investigate whether AST-120 could reduce oxidative stress and ameliorate the development of nephropathy in experimental DM rats with normal renal function. METHODS Rats were injected with diluent (C, n = 16) or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneally (DM, n = 16), and eight rats from each group were treated with chow containing 5% AST-120. After 3 months, plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and total malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, 24-h urinary albumin excretion, and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) excretion were determined by ELISA. Glomerular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (gp91phox, p47phox and p22phox), and fibronectin (FN) mRNA and protein expressions were determined by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. In addition, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staining was performed to detect glomerular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. RESULTS Compared to the C group, 24-h urinary albumin excretion was significantly higher in the DM group (P < 0.01), and AST-120 treatment significantly reduced albuminuria in DM rats (P < 0.05). Glomerular eNOS, gp91phox, p47phox and FN expression were significantly increased in DM rats compared to C rats, and these increases in DM glomeruli were significantly abrogated by AST-120 treatment (P < 0.05). The increases in plasma AOPP and MDA levels as well as renal oxidative stress in DM rats, assessed by DCF-DA staining and urinary 8-OHdG excretion rates, were also significantly attenuated by AST-120 treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the renoprotective effects of AST-120 in DM nephropathy seem to be associated with the amelioration of enhanced oxidative stress and FN expression under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ha Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele is a known risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease, however, an association of the APOE genotype with schizophrenia is controversial. We investigated the association in 60 Korean schizophrenic patients and 60 healthy controls. APOE genotypes were identified by reverse hybridization-based line probe assay. There were significant differences in the distribution of APOE genotypes between schizophrenic patients and controls. APOE epsilon2 and epsilon3 allele frequencies in schizophrenic patients were significantly different from those in controls. Our results suggest that APOE alleles seem to be operative in the pathogenesis of schizophrenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Lee
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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