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Zheng M, Liu Z, He Y. Radiation-induced fibrosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies from an immune microenvironment perspective. Immunology 2024; 172:533-546. [PMID: 38561001 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a severe chronic complication of radiotherapy (RT) manifested by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) components deposition within the irradiated area. The lung, heart, skin, jaw, pelvic organs and so on may be affected by RIF, which hampers body functions and quality of life. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that the immune microenvironment may play a key regulatory role in RIF. This article discussed the synergetic or antagonistic effects of immune cells and mediators in regulating RIF's development. Several potential preventative and therapeutic strategies for RIF were proposed based on the immunological mechanisms to provide clinicians with improved cognition and clinical treatment guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zheng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglong Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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2
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Zhou Y, Luo Z, Liao C, Cao R, Hussain Z, Wang J, Zhou Y, Chen T, Sun J, Huang Z, Liu B, Zhang X, Guan Y, Deng T. MHC class II in renal tubules plays an essential role in renal fibrosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2530-2540. [PMID: 34556823 PMCID: PMC8545940 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation is considered a potential therapeutic approach for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although it has been previously reported that CD4+ T cells contribute to the development of renal fibrosis, the role of MHC class II (MHCII) in the development of renal fibrosis remains largely unknown. The present study reports that the expression of MHCII molecules in renal cortical tubules is upregulated in mouse renal fibrosis models generated by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) and folic acid (FA). Proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) are functional antigen-presenting cells that promote the proliferation of CD4+ T cells in an MHCII-dependent manner. PTECs from mice with renal fibrosis had a stronger ability to induce T cell proliferation and cytokine production than control cells. Global or renal tubule-specific ablation of H2-Ab1 significantly alleviated renal fibrosis following UUO or FA treatment. Renal expression of profibrotic genes showed a consistent reduction in H2-Ab1 gene-deficient mouse lines. Moreover, there was a marked increase in renal tissue CD4+ T cells after UUO or FA treatment and a significant decrease following renal tubule-specific ablation of H2-Ab1. Furthermore, renal tubule-specific H2-Ab1 gene knockout mice exhibited higher proportions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and lower proportions of Th2 cells in the UUO- or FA-treated kidneys. Finally, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies showed increased renal expression of MHCII and the profibrotic gene α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in CKD patients. Together, our human and mouse data demonstrate that renal tubular MHCII plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhou
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Physiology, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaokang Luo
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Physiology, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenghui Liao
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Biological Therapy Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Cao
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zain Hussain
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shenzhen Guangming Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yeting Zhou
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tie Chen
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Sun
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Biological Therapy Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China ,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Jiao B, An C, Tran M, Du H, Wang P, Zhou D, Wang Y. Pharmacological Inhibition of STAT6 Ameliorates Myeloid Fibroblast Activation and Alternative Macrophage Polarization in Renal Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:735014. [PMID: 34512669 PMCID: PMC8426438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.735014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of chronic kidney disease is renal fibrosis, which can result in progressive loss of kidney function. Currently, there is no effective therapy for renal fibrosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify potential drug targets for renal fibrosis. In this study, we examined the effect of a selective STAT6 inhibitor, AS1517499, on myeloid fibroblast activation, macrophage polarization, and development of renal fibrosis in two experimental murine models. To investigate the effect of STAT6 inhibition on myeloid fibroblast activation, macrophage polarization, and kidney fibrosis, wild-type mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction or folic acid administration and treated with AS1517499. Mice treated with vehicle were used as control. At the end of experiments, kidneys were harvested for analysis of myeloid fibroblast activation, macrophage polarization, and renal fibrosis and function. Unilateral ureteral obstruction or folic acid administration induced STAT6 activation in interstitial cells of the kidney, which was significantly abolished by AS1517499 treatment. Mice treated with AS1517499 accumulated fewer myeloid fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the kidney with ureteral obstruction or folic acid nephropathy compared with vehicle-treated mice. Moreover, AS1517499 significantly suppressed M2 macrophage polarization in the injured kidney. Furthermore, AS1517499 markedly reduced the expression levels of extracellular matrix proteins, and development of kidney fibrosis and dysfunction. These findings suggest that AS1517499 inhibits STAT6 activation, suppresses myeloid fibroblast activation, reduces M2 macrophage polarization, attenuates extracellular matrix protein production, and preserves kidney function. Therefore, targeting STAT6 with AS1517499 is a novel therapeutic approach for chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihai Jiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Changlong An
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Melanie Tran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Hao Du
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Dong Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Renal Section, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
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Liu B, Jiang J, Liang H, Xiao P, Lai X, Nie J, Yu W, Gao Y, Wen S. Natural killer T cell/IL-4 signaling promotes bone marrow-derived fibroblast activation and M2 macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition in renal fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107907. [PMID: 34243040 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a histological manifestation of chronic kidney disease. Natural killer T (NKT) cells have a critical role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorder. However, the role of NKT cells in regulating kidney fibrosis remains largely unknown. In the current study, we showed that the percentages of NKT+ cells and NKT+-IL-4+ cells were notably increased in folic acid (FA) and obstructive nephropathy. CD1d deficiency protected mice from renal fibrosis induced by FA and obstructive injury. Specifically, Loss of CD1d reduced bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts and CD206+/α-smooth muscle actin+ cells in the kidneys of injured mice. But mice treated with α-galactosylceramide (α-GC, a specific activator of NKT cells) developed more severe fibrosis, accumulated more myeloid myofibroblasts and M2 macrophages-myofibroblasts transition (M2MMT) cells in FA injured kidneys. Furthermore, IL-4 expression was markedly reduced in CD1d deficiency mice but increased in α-GC-treated mice. Administration of IL-4 abrogates the inhibiting effect of CD1d deficiency on renal fibrosis, bone marrow-derived fibroblasts activation, and M2MMT in FA injured kidneys. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of IL-4 attenuated the development of renal fibrosis, decreased bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts, and suppressed M2MMT. Thus, this study revealed a novel role of NKT cells in the bone marrow-derived fibroblasts activation and M2MMT during renal fibrosis. Targeting NKT cell/IL-4 signaling may be an effective treatment for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benquan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China; Translational Institute of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China; Translational Institute of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Ping Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xiaohong Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jiayi Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Shihong Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Bi C, Zhang Y, Li B, Guo M, Fu Y. MicroRNA‐520a‐3p suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion, and migration of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells via the
JAK1
‐mediated JAK/STAT signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4054-4067. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Long Bi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
- Department of Endocrinology The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Ying‐Qi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Endocrinology The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Yi‐Li Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
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Liang H, Zhang Z, Yan J, Wang Y, Hu Z, Mitch WE, Wang Y. The IL-4 receptor α has a critical role in bone marrow-derived fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1433-1443. [PMID: 28739140 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathway leading to the progression of chronic kidney disease, and bone marrow-derived fibroblasts contribute significantly to the development of renal fibrosis. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the activation of these fibroblasts are not completely understood. Here, we examined the role of IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) in the activation of myeloid fibroblasts in two experimental models of renal fibrosis. Compared with wild-type mice, IL-4Rα knockout mice accumulated fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in their kidneys. IL-4Rα deficiency suppressed the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, extracellular matrix proteins and the development of renal fibrosis. Furthermore, IL-4Rα deficiency inhibited the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) in the kidney. Moreover, wild-type mice engrafted with bone marrow cells from IL-4Rα knockout mice exhibited fewer myeloid fibroblasts in the kidney and displayed less severe renal fibrosis following ureteral obstructive injury compared with wild-type mice engrafted with wild-type bone marrow cells. In vitro, IL-4 activated STAT6 and stimulated expression of α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin in mouse bone marrow monocytes. This was abolished in the absence of IL-4Rα. Thus, IL-4Rα plays an important role in bone marrow-derived fibroblast activation, resulting in extracellular matrix protein production and fibrosis development. Hence, the IL-4Rα/STAT6 signaling pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhengmao Zhang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jingyin Yan
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuguo Wang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Li J, An C, Kang L, Mitch WE, Wang Y. Recent Advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Renal Fibrosis. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2017; 24:150-153. [PMID: 28501077 PMCID: PMC5433256 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CKD is a global public health problem. Renal fibrosis is a final common pathway leading to progressive loss of function in CKD. The degree of renal fibrosis predicts the prognosis of CKD. Recent studies have shown that bone marrow-derived fibroblasts contribute significantly to the development of renal fibrosis, which may yield novel therapeutic strategy for fibrotic kidney disease. Therefore, it is imperative to accurately assess the degree of renal fibrosis noninvasively to identify those patients who can benefit from antifibrotic therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the assessment of renal fibrosis by magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID) and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Changlong An
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID) and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lei Kang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID) and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - William E Mitch
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID) and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID) and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone fails to attenuate renal fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:41-47. [PMID: 26838738 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the common ending of progressive renal disease. It is worth developing new ways to stop the progress of renal fibrosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists have been studied to treat diabetic nephropathy, cisplatin-induced acute renal injury, ischemia reperfusion injury and adriamycin nephropathy. In this study, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was used to establish a different renal fibrosis model. PPAR? agonist pioglitazone was administrated by oral gavage and saline was used as control. At 7th and 14th day after the operation, mice were sacrificed for fibrosis test and T lymphocytes subsets test. Unexpectedly, through MASSON staining, immunohistochemistry for α-SMA, and Western blotting for a-SMA and PDGFR-β, we found that pioglitazone failed to attenuate renal fibrosis in UUO mice. However, flow cytometry showed that pioglitazone down-regulated Th1 cells, and up-regulated Th2 cells, Th17 cells and Treg cells. But the Th17/Treg ratio had no significant change by pioglitazone. Real-time PCR results showed that TGF-β and MCP-1 had no significant changes, at the same time, CD4(+) T cells associated cytokines were partially regulated by pioglitazone pretreatment. Taken together, pioglitazone failed to suppress renal fibrosis progression caused by UUO.
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