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Liu M, Zhang L, Wang Y, Hu W, Wang C, Wen Z. Mesangial cell: A hub in lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1063497. [PMID: 36591251 PMCID: PMC9795068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1063497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe renal disease caused by the massive deposition of the immune complexes (ICs) in renal tissue, acting as one of the significant organ manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a substantial cause of death in clinical patients. As mesangium is one of the primary sites for IC deposition, mesangial cells (MCs) constantly undergo severe damage, resulting in excessive proliferation and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) production. In addition to playing a role in organizational structure, MCs are closely related to in situ immunomodulation by phagocytosis, antigen-presenting function, and inflammatory effects, aberrantly participating in the tissue-resident immune responses and leading to immune-mediated renal lesions. Notably, such renal-resident immune responses drive a second wave of MC damage, accelerating the development of LN. This review summarized the damage mechanisms and the in situ immune regulation of MCs in LN, facilitating the current drug research for exploring clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weijie Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhenke Wen, ; Chunhong Wang,
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhenke Wen, ; Chunhong Wang,
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Mao Z, Tan Y, Tao J, Li L, Yu F, Zhao M. mTORC1 activation induced proximal tubular damage via the pentose phosphate pathway in lupus nephritis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 189:91-101. [PMID: 35863688 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
More recent studies suggested that metabolic disorders could contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). The present work aimed at identifying metabolic reprogramming in the kidney of lupus nephritis via proteomics and investigating the potential regulatory mechanism. The proteomic studies on the renal biopsies revealed that the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was significantly enriched in the kidneys of LN patients compared with normal controls (NCs). Immunohistochemical stanning of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key rate-limiting enzyme of PPP, verify the results of proteomics. We found that G6PD was highly expressed in the kidneys of LN patients and correlated with several clinicopathological indices. The univariate Cox regression analysis (HR, 95%CI, 1.877 (1.059-3.328), P = 0.031) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis (P = 0.028) suggested that high G6PD expression in the tubulointerstitial area was a risk factor for worse prognosis. Moreover, the Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway ranked first in the kidneys of LN patients with high G6PD expression and G6PD was co-localized with mTORC1 activation in the tubule. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) isolated from LN patients significantly activated the mTORC1 pathway and increased G6PD expression, G6PD activity, NADPH production, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell apoptosis in tubule cells in vitro. The above phenotypes were partially rescued after the addition of rapamycin or knock-down of G6PD. Overall, our study suggested that renal G6PD expression was associated with the overall enhanced disease activity and worse renal prognosis. mTORC1 activation might be involved in IgG-LN-induced tubular damage via PPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Mao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Ying Tan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Juan Tao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Feng Yu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, PR China
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Mao Z, Tan Y, Tao J, Li L, Wang H, Yu F, Perl A, Zhao M. Renal mTORC1 activation is associated with disease activity and prognosis in lupus nephritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:3830-3840. [PMID: 35040950 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was initiated to evaluate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation in renal tissue of lupus nephritis (LN) patients. METHODS This retrospective study included 187 LN patients, 20 diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients, 10 minimal change disease (MCD) patients, and 10 normal controls (NCs). 7 of 187 LN patients had repeated renal biopsies. mTORC1/2 activation was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and multiplexed immunofluorescence. The association of mTORC1/2 activation with the clinicopathologic indices and prognostic outcomes was analysed among 187 LN patients. Proteomics was performed in renal biopsies of 20 LN patients. Proteomics was employed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of mTOR activation on intrarenal gene expression. RESULTS mTORC1/2 was significantly activated in podocytes, mesangial cells, endothelial cells and tubular epithelial cells of LN patients as compared with those with MCD or NC. The glomerular mTORC1 activation was higher in LN patients compared with DN patients. mTORC1, but not mTORC2, activation strongly correlated with serum albumin, complement C3, proteinuria, and the following pathological biomarkers of LN: crescent formation, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, mTORC1 activation was identified as a prognostic marker in LN patients. Bioinformatic analyses of proteomics and immunohistochemical data unveiled increased complement activation, antigen presentation, and phagocytosis in LN patients with mTORC1 activation. CONCLUSION Renal mTORC1 activation could be a biomarker to reveal disease activity and predict clinical prognosis in LN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Mao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR. China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, PR. China
| | - Ying Tan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR. China
| | - Juan Tao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR. China
| | - Linlin Li
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng Yu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR. China.,Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, PR. China
| | - Andras Perl
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR. China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, PR. China
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Rhee H, Kim S, Lee W, Jeon H, Kim DW, Ye BM, Kim HJ, Kim MJ, Kim SR, Kim IY, Song SH, Seong EY, Lee DW, Lee SB. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27572. [PMID: 34678898 PMCID: PMC8542147 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is an autosomal-dominant neurocutaneous disorder that affects the skin, bones, and nervous system. The most common manifestation of kidney involvement is renal artery stenosis; glomerulonephritis is extremely rare. In this case report, we present a patient with NF-1 and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). PATIENT CONCERNS A 51-year-old Korean man previously diagnosed with NF-1 presented with persistent proteinuria and hematuria identified during a routine medical check-up. He had no history of hypertension or diabetes, and denied a history of alcohol use or smoking. DIAGNOSIS The contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed normal-sized kidneys and no evidence of renal artery stenosis. On the day of the kidney biopsy, laboratory tests showed a serum creatinine level of 1.1 mg/dL, urine protein/creatinine ratio of 1.3 g/g, and urine red blood cell count of >10 to 15/HPF. The kidney biopsy sample revealed IgAN grade III, according to Lee glomerular grading system. INTERVENTION The patient was advised to take 4 mg of perindopril. OUTCOME Three months after the treatment, the urine protein/creatinine ratio decreased to 0.6 g/g, with no change in the serum creatinine level (1.03 mg/dL). LESSONS A genetic link between NF-1 and IgAN or other glomerular diseases is not established. However, activation of the mTOR pathway may explain this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harin Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanhee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakeong Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Woon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Min Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Rin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Seong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Tian J, Chang S, Ji H, Huang T, Guo H, Kang J, Wang Y, Zhou Y. The p70S6K/PI3K/MAPK feedback loop releases the inhibition effect of high-dose rapamycin on rat mesangial cell proliferation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211000544. [PMID: 34034560 PMCID: PMC8161859 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is one of the causative factors of glomerular diseases and one of their prominent pathological features. Rapamycin can inhibit MC proliferation and slow the progression to chronic renal fibrosis. The present study was designed to observe the role of rapamycin in MC proliferation and to explore the mechanism by which rapamycin acts on Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways in mesangial cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the proliferation and the cell cycle phase of glomerular mesangial cells respectively. The mRNA expression level of p70S6K was detected by RT-qPCR. Western blotting was performed to determine p70S6K, PI3K/Akt, and PI3K/MAPK protein expression. We found that rapamycin could reduce mesangial cell proliferation and arrest the cell cycle in the G1 phase, however the inhibition effect of 1000 nmol/L rapamycin was not higher than that in the 100 nmol/L group. The results of western blotting showed that 1000 nmol/L rapamycin more significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p70S6K than 100 nmol/L, suggesting there should be another signaling pathway that activates the proliferation of MCs. Moreover, our results revealed that 1000 nmol/L rapamycin led to Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK pathway activation through a p70S6K-PI3K-mediated feedback loop in MCs. This study demonstrated that high-dose rapamycin leads to ERK1/2 activation through a p70S6K/PI3K/MAPK feedback loop in rat MCs, thus reducing the inhibitory effect of rapamycin on MC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sijia Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - He Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Taiping Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haixiu Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China
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Gui Y, Dai C. mTOR Signaling in Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY360 2020; 1:1319-1327. [PMID: 35372878 PMCID: PMC8815517 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0003782020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is crucial in regulating cell growth, metabolism, proliferation, and survival. Under physiologic conditions, mTOR signaling maintains podocyte and tubular cell homeostasis. In AKI, activation of mTOR signaling in tubular cells and interstitial fibroblasts promotes renal regeneration and repair. However, constitutive activation of mTOR signaling in kidneys results in the initiation and progression of glomerular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma. Here, we summarize the recent studies about mTOR signaling in renal physiology and injury, and discuss the possibility of its use as a therapeutic target for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gui
- Department of Nephrology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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He J, Ma J, Ren B, Liu A. Advances in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis via mTOR signaling pathway. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 50:314-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hydrogen sulphide mitigates homocysteine-induced apoptosis and matrix remodelling in mesangial cells through Akt/FOXO1 signalling cascade. Cell Signal 2019; 61:66-77. [PMID: 31085234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular damage and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in the glomerulo-interstitial space are the signatures of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a high level of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with CKD and further contributes to kidney damage. Despite a large number of studies, the signalling mechanism of Hcy-mediated cellular damage and ECM remodelling in kidney remains inconclusive. Hcy metabolizes to produce hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and a number of studies have shown that H2S mitigates the adverse effect of HHcy in a variety of diseases involving several signalling molecules, including forkhead box O (FOXO) protein. FOXO is a group of transcription factor that includes FOXO1, which plays important roles in cell growth and proliferation. On the other hand, a cell survival factor, Akt regulates FOXO under normal condition. However, the involvement of Akt/FOXO1 pathway in Hcy-induced mesangial cell damage remains elusive, and whether H2S plays any protective roles has yet to be clearly defined. We treated mouse mesangial cells with or without H2S donor, GYY4137 and FOXO1 inhibitor, AS1842856 in HHcy condition and determined the involvement of Akt/FOXO1 signalling cascades. Our results indicated that Hcy inactivated Akt and activated FOXO1 by dephosphorylating both the signalling molecules and induced FOXO1 nuclear translocation followed by activation of the FOXO1 transcription factor. These led to the induction of cellular apoptosis and synthesis of excessive ECM protein, in part, due to increased ROS production, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reduction in intracellular ATP concentration, increased MMP-2, -9, -14 mRNA and protein expression, and Col I, IV and fibronectin protein expression. Interestingly, GYY4137 or AS1842856 treatment prevented these changes by modulating Akt/FOXO1 axis in HHcy. We conclude that GYY4137 and/or AS1842856 mitigates HHcy induced mesangial cell damage and ECM remodelling by regulating Akt/FOXO1 pathway.
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Chen A, Yang SS, Lin TJ, Ka SM. IgA nephropathy: clearance kinetics of IgA-containing immune complexes. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:539-543. [PMID: 30218212 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is associated predominantly IgA deposition in the affected glomeruli and has been shown to be the most common glomerular disorder among young people in the world. Although the exact pathogenic mechanism underlying IgAN remains largely unknown, circulating IgA-containing immune complexes (IgA ICs) is considered to play a major role in initiating the development and evolution of the renal disorder. In this review article, we discuss the fundamental mechanisms of clearance kinetics of IgA ICs and related issues, covering the following: (1) role of circulating IgA ICs in the pathogenesis of IgAN and (2) elimination of IgA ICs from the body, with emphasis of the role of the liver and Fc receptors in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-Gung Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Sen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Jung Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-Gung Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Qi YY, Zhou XJ, Cheng FJ, Hou P, Ren YL, Wang SX, Zhao MH, Yang L, Martinez J, Zhang H. Increased autophagy is cytoprotective against podocyte injury induced by antibody and interferon-α in lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1799-1809. [PMID: 30209031 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More recent studies suggested that defects in autophagy contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE, especially in adaptive immunity. Occurrence and progression of lupus nephritis (LN) is the end result of complex interactions between regulation of immune responses and pathological process by renal resident cells, but there is still a lot of missing information for an establishment on the role of autophagy in pathogenesis of LN and as a therapy target. METHODS Systemic and organ-specific aetiologies of autophagy were first evaluated by autophagy protein quantification in tissue homogenates in MRL lpr/lpr lupus prone and female C57BL mice. Analysis of gene expression was also adopted in human blood and urine sediments. Then, some key mediators of the disease, including complement inactivated serum, IgG from patients with LN (IgG-LN) and interferon (IFN)-α were chosen to induce podocyte autophagy. Podocyte injuries including apoptosis, podocin derangement, albumin filtration and wound healing were monitored simultaneously with autophagy steady-state and flux. RESULTS Elevated LC3B in kidney homogenates and increased autophagosomes in podocyte from MRL lpr/lpr were observed. In humans, mRNA levels of some key autophagy genes were increased in blood and urinary sediments, and podocyte autophagosomes were observed in renal biopsies from patients with LN. Complement inactivated serum, IgG-LN and IFN-α could induce podocyte autophagy in a time-dependent and dosage-dependent manner, and by reactive oxygen species production and mTORC1 inhibition, respectively. Autophagy inhibition aggravated podocyte damage whereas its inducer relieved the injury. CONCLUSION Podocyte autophagy is activated in lupus-prone mice and patients with lupus nephritis. Increased autophagy is cytoprotective against antibody and interferon-α induced podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Qi
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fa-Juan Cheng
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Hou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Li Ren
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Ultrastructural Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Xia Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Ultrastructural Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Carolina, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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11
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Fujita Y, Tominaga T, Abe H, Kangawa Y, Fukushima N, Ueda O, Jishage KI, Kishi S, Murakami T, Saga Y, Kanwar YS, Nagai K, Doi T. An adjustment in BMP4 function represents a treatment for diabetic nephropathy and podocyte injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13011. [PMID: 30158674 PMCID: PMC6115362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury has been proposed to play an important role in diabetic nephropathy; however, its pathological mechanism remains unclear. We have shown that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling leads to the glomerular changes characteristic of this disorder. To analyze the molecular mechanism of podocyte injury, the effect of BMP4 was investigated using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced, Bmp4 heterozygous knockout (Bmp4+/−) and podocyte-specific Bmp4 knockout mice. Mice with STZ-induced diabetes exhibited glomerular matrix hyperplasia and decreased numbers of podocyte nucleus-specific WT1-positive cells. The number of podocytes and proteinuria were improved in both diabetic Bmp4 knockout mouse models compared to the effects observed in the control mice. The effect of BMP4 overexpression on Bmp4-induced or podocyte-specific transgenic mice was examined. Tamoxifen-induced Bmp4-overexpressing mice exhibited mesangial matrix expansion and decreased numbers of WT1-positive cells. Podocyte-specific Bmp4-overexpressing mice displayed increased kidney BMP4 expression and mesangial matrix expansion but decreased nephrin expression and numbers of WT1-positive cells. Both lines of Bmp4-overexpressing mice exhibited increased albuminuria. In cultured podocytes, BMP4 increased phospho-p38 levels. BMP4 decreased nephrin expression but increased cleaved caspase-3 levels. p38 suppression inhibited caspase-3 activation. Apoptosis was confirmed in STZ-diabetic glomeruli and Bmp4-overexpressing mice. Bmp4 +/− mice with diabetes displayed reduced apoptosis. Based on these data, the BMP4 signaling pathway plays important roles in the development of both podocyte injury and mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Fujita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tominaga
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Hideharu Abe
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yumi Kangawa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoshi Fukushima
- Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Otoya Ueda
- Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kou-Ichi Jishage
- Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan.,Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Inc., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Kishi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taichi Murakami
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Department of Pathology & Medicine-Nephrology, FSM, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Kojiro Nagai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshio Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Ma X, Schwarz A, Sevilla SZ, Levin A, Hultenby K, Wernerson A, Lal M, Patrakka J. Depletion of Gprc5a Promotes Development of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1679-1689. [PMID: 29636387 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal glomeruli are the primary target of injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and the glomerular podocyte has a key role in disease progression.Methods To identify potential novel therapeutic targets for DN, we performed high-throughput molecular profiling of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) using human glomeruli.Results We identified an orphan GPCR, Gprc5a, as a highly podocyte-specific gene, the expression of which was significantly downregulated in glomeruli of patients with DN compared with those without DN. Inactivation of Gprc5a in mice resulted in thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and activation of mesangial cells, which are two hallmark features of DN in humans. Compared with wild-type mice, Gprc5a-deficient animals demonstrated increased albuminuria and more severe histologic changes after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin. Mechanistically, Gprc5a modulated TGF-β signaling and activation of the EGF receptor in cultured podocytes.Conclusions Gprc5a has an important role in the pathogenesis of DN, and further study of the podocyte-specific signaling activity of this protein is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Ma
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelina Schwarz
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Zambrano Sevilla
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Levin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, and
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, and
| | - Mark Lal
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;
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