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Tamura K, Inasaki N, Itamochi M, Saga Y, Shimada T, Yazawa S, Sasajima H, Kawashiri C, Yamazaki E, Ichikawa T, Kaya H, Yamamoto Y, Morinaga Y, Yamashiro S, Nomura S, Takeda S, Ito H, Hirota K, Horie Y, Hirano N, Sekizuka T, Kuroda M, Tani H, Oishi K. Impact of COVID-19 and Closed Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the First Wave in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, March 30 to May 18, 2020. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:75-82. [PMID: 37914293 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied 226 patients in Toyama Prefecture who were notified of COVID-19 during the first wave between March 30 and May 18, 2020. Of the 226 patients, 22 (9.7%) died, most (95%) of whom were aged ≥65 years. A large cluster comprising 59 patients (41 residents and 18 staff members) was identified in a nursing home on April 17. No deaths occurred among staff members; however, 12 of the 41 residents (29%) died. Although the threshold cycle (Ct) values were significantly lower in the 20-64 and ≥65 years age groups than in the <20 years age group, no correlation was found between the Ct values and severity, fatal outcome, or secondary infection. The haplotype network of 145 SARS-CoV-2 isolates (64%) from 226 patients was analyzed. The viral genomes of the case groups differed by less than five nucleotide bases. These data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 strains, which were initially introduced into Toyama Prefecture in late March and early April 2020, and their closely related strains, identified as lineage B.1.1, circulated during the first wave. The reduced inter-prefectural mobility of local residents may support the lack of strain diversity in SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the state of emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tamura
- Department of Research Planning, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroyasu Kaya
- Department of Infectious Disease, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamashiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi General Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
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Ozawa T, Ikeda Y, Chen L, Suzuki R, Hoshino A, Noguchi A, Kita S, Anraku Y, Igarashi E, Saga Y, Inasaki N, Taminishi S, Sasaki J, Kirita Y, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K, Hashiguchi T, Fukuhara T, Hirabayashi K, Tani H, Kishi H, Niimi H. Rational in silico design identifies two mutations that restore UT28K SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody activity against Omicron BA.1. Structure 2024; 32:263-272.e7. [PMID: 38228146 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 rapidly mutates and acquires resistance to neutralizing antibodies. We report an in-silico-designed antibody that restores the neutralizing activity of a neutralizing antibody. Our previously generated antibody, UT28K, exhibited broad neutralizing activity against mutant variants; however, its efficacy against Omicron BA.1 was compromised by the mutation. Using previously determined structural information, we designed a modified-UT28K (VH T28R/N57D), UT28K-RD targeting the mutation site. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the efficacy of UT28K-RD in neutralizing Omicron BA.1. Although the experimentally determined structure partially differed from the predicted model, our study serves as a successful case of antibody design, wherein the predicted amino acid substitution enhanced the recognition of the previously elusive Omicron BA.1. We anticipate that numerous similar cases will be reported, showcasing the potential of this approach for improving protein-protein interactions. Our findings will contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for highly mutable viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Center for Advanced Antibody Drug Development, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonnmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Liuan Chen
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hoshino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Noguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Anraku
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emiko Igarashi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shunta Taminishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jiei Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kirita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Pathogen Structure, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Pathogen Structure, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Center for Advanced Antibody Drug Development, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Niimi
- Center for Advanced Antibody Drug Development, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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3
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Masuda W, Yamakawa T, Ajima R, Miyake K, Umemiya T, Azuma K, Tamaru JI, Kiso M, Das P, Saga Y, Matsuno K, Kitagawa M. TM2D3, a mammalian homologue of Drosophila neurogenic gene product Almondex, regulates surface presentation of Notch receptors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20913. [PMID: 38016980 PMCID: PMC10684865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism required for numerous types of cell fate decisions in metazoans. It mediates short-range communication between cells with receptors and ligands, both of which are expressed on the cell surfaces. In response to the ligand-receptor interaction, the ligand and the extracellular domain of the Notch receptor (NECD) in the complex are internalized into ligand-expressing cells by endocytosis, a prerequisite process for the conformational change of the membrane proximal region of Notch to induce critical proteolytic cleavages for its activation. Here we report that overexpression of transmembrane 2 (TM2) domain containing 3 (TM2D3), a mammalian homologue of Drosophila melanogaster Almondex (Amx), activates Notch1. This activation requires the ligand-binding domain in Notch1 and the C-terminal region containing TM2 domain in TM2D3. TM2D3 physically associates with Notch1 at the region distinct from the ligand-binding domain and enhances expression of Notch1 on the cell surface. Furthermore, cell surface expression of Notch1 and Notch2 is reduced in Tm2d3-deficient cells. Finally, amx-deficient Drosophila early embryos exhibit impaired endocytosis of NECD and Delta ligand, for which surface presentation of Notch is required. These results indicate that TM2D3 is an element involved in Notch signaling through the surface presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Masuda
- Department of Molecular and Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Fraternity Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamakawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Bioengineering and Environmental Science, National Institute of Technology, Ibaraki College, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rieko Ajima
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Katsuya Miyake
- Center for Basic Medical Research, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Umemiya
- Department of Molecular and Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Azuma
- Department of Molecular and Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamaru
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Makoto Kiso
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Puspa Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Motoo Kitagawa
- Department of Molecular and Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.
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4
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Saga Y, Yoshida T, Yoshida R, Yazawa S, Shimada T, Inasaki N, Itamochi M, Yamazaki E, Oishi K, Tani H. Long-Term Detection and Isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Virus in Dog Urine. Viruses 2023; 15:2228. [PMID: 38005905 PMCID: PMC10675301 DOI: 10.3390/v15112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infection caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), with a high fatality rate of approximately 30% in humans. In recent years, cases of contact infection with SFTSV via bodily fluids of infected dogs and cats have been reported. In this study, clinical and virological analyses were performed in two dogs in which SFTSV infection was confirmed for the first time in the Toyama prefecture. Both dogs recovered; however, one was severely ill and the other mildly ill. The amount of the SFTSV gene was reduced to almost similar levels in both dogs. In the dogs' sera, the SFTSV gene was detected at a low level but fell below the detection limit approximately 2 weeks after onset. Notably, the SFTSV gene was detected at levels several thousand times higher in urine than in other specimens from both dogs. Furthermore, the gene was detected in the urine for a long period of >2 months. The clinical signs disappeared on days 1 or 6 after onset, but infectious SFTSV was detected in the urine up to 3 weeks later. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful about contact with bodily fluids, especially urine, even after symptoms have disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | | | | | - Shunsuke Yazawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Takahisa Shimada
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Emiko Yamazaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Director-General Office, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
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5
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Tani H, Inasaki N, Yazawa S, Shimada T, Saga Y, Kaya H, Maruyama Y, Matano S, Itoh H, Kashii T, Yamazaki E, Itamochi M, Oishi K. Neutralizing Antibody Levels and Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients with Breakthrough COVID-19 Infection in Toyama, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2023; 76:319-322. [PMID: 37258174 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Breakthrough infection (BI) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has increased owing to the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological information and possession status of neutralizing antibodies in patients with BI using SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped viruses. Analysis of 44 specimens from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after two or more vaccinations showed high inhibition of infection by 90% or more against the Wuhan strain and the Alpha and Delta variants of pseudotyped viruses in 40 specimens. In contrast, almost no neutralizing activity was observed against the Omicron BA.1 variant. Many patients without neutralizing activity or BI were immunosuppressed. The results of this study show that contact with an infected person can result in BI, even when there are sufficient neutralizing antibodies in the blood. Thus, sufficient precautions must be taken to prevent infection even after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | | | | | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Sadaya Matano
- Infection Control Unit, Tonami General Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Emiko Yamazaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
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6
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Watanabe Y, Wang Y, Tanaka Y, Iwase A, Kawamura T, Saga Y, Yashiro K, Kurihara H, Nakagawa O. Hey2 enhancer activity defines unipotent progenitors for left ventricular cardiomyocytes in juxta-cardiac field of early mouse embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307658120. [PMID: 37669370 PMCID: PMC10500178 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307658120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac crescent is the first structure of the heart and contains progenitor cells of the first heart field, which primarily differentiate into left ventricular cardiomyocytes. The interface between the forming cardiac crescent and extraembryonic tissue is known as the juxta-cardiac field (JCF), and progenitor cells in this heart field contribute to the myocardium of the left ventricle and atrioventricular canal as well as the epicardium. However, it is unclear whether there are progenitor cells that differentiate specifically into left ventricular cardiomyocytes. We have previously demonstrated that an enhancer of the gene encoding the Hey2 bHLH transcriptional repressor is activated in the ventricular myocardium during mouse embryonic development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of cardiomyocyte progenitor cells and their cell lineages by analyzing Hey2 enhancer activity at the earliest stages of heart formation. We found that the Hey2 enhancer initiated its activity prior to cardiomyocyte differentiation within the JCF. Hey2 enhancer-active cells were present rostrally to the Tbx5-expressing region at the early phase of cardiac crescent formation and differentiated exclusively into left ventricular cardiomyocytes in a lineage distinct from the Tbx5-positive lineage. By the late phase of cardiac crescent formation, Hey2 enhancer activity became significantly overlapped with Tbx5 expression in cells that contribute to the left ventricular myocardium. Our study reveals that a population of unipotent progenitor cells for left ventricular cardiomyocytes emerge in the JCF, providing further insight into the mode of cell type diversification during early cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
| | - Yunce Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Akiyasu Iwase
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka411-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Yashiro
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Anatomy, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo, Kyoto602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
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Yamazaki E, Yazawa S, Shimada T, Tamura K, Saga Y, Itamochi M, Inasaki N, Hasegawa S, Morinaga Y, Oishi K, Tani H. Activation of SARS-CoV-2 by trypsin-like proteases in the clinical specimens of patients with COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11632. [PMID: 37468582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and/or transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2). In this study, we investigated whether proteases increased SARS-CoV-2 infectivity using pseudotyped viruses and clinical specimens from patients with COVID-19. First, we investigated how trypsin increased infectivity using the pseudotyped virus. Our findings revealed that trypsin increased infectivity after the virus was adsorbed on the cells, but no increase in infectivity was observed when the virus was treated with trypsin. We examined the effect of trypsin on SARS-CoV-2 infection in clinical specimens and found that the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant increased 36,000-fold after trypsin treatment. By contrast, the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant increased to less than 20-fold in the clinical specimens. Finally, using five clinical specimens containing delta variants, enhancement of viral infectivity was evaluated in the presence of the culture supernatant of several anaerobic bacteria. As a result, viral infectivities of all the clinical specimens containing culture supernatants of Fusobacterium necrophorum were significantly increased from several- to tenfold. Because SARS-CoV-2 infectivity increases in the oral cavity, which may contain anaerobic bacteria, keeping the oral cavities clean may help prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Yamazaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yazawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimada
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tamura
- Department of Research Planning, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Hasegawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-Shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan.
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8
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Kato Y, Saga Y. Antagonism between DDX6 and PI3K-AKT signaling is an oocyte-intrinsic mechanism controlling primordial follicle growth†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:73-82. [PMID: 37067907 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocyte maturation and subsequent ovulation during the reproductive lifespan ensure long-term reproduction in mammalian females. This is achieved by tight regulation for the maintenance and growth of primordial follicles. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unsolved. We herein report that posttranscriptional gene regulation mediated by an RNA helicase, DEAD-box helicase 6 (DDX6), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling exhibits an antagonistic interaction in mouse primordial follicles. DDX6 forms P-body-like cytoplasmic foci in oocytes, which colocalize to a P-body component, DCP1A. Interestingly, the P-body-like granules predominantly assemble in primordial follicles, but disperse once follicle growth is initiated, suggesting that they play a role in the maintenance of primordial follicles. Oocyte-specific knockout of Ddx6 using Gdf9-iCre revealed that Ddx6-deficient oocytes are defective in foci assembly and are abnormally enlarged, resulting in premature depletion of primordial follicles. These results indicate that DDX6 is required to maintain primordial follicles. The abnormal oocyte enlargement is because of enhanced PI3K-AKT signaling, a pivotal signaling pathway in the growth of primordial follicles. Conversely, the forced activation of PI3K-AKT signaling by knocking out Pten disassembles P-body-like granules in primordial follicles. These data suggest that DDX6 and PI3K-AKT signaling mutually antagonize the assembly of P-body-like granules and the growth of primordial follicles. We propose this mutual antagonism as an oocyte-intrinsic mechanism controlling the maintenance and growth of primordial follicles, ensuring the longevity of female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kato
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
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9
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Yamada M, Nitta Y, Uehara T, Suzuki H, Miya F, Takenouchi T, Tamura M, Ayabe S, Yoshiki A, Maeno A, Saga Y, Furuse T, Yamada I, Okamoto N, Kosaki K, Sugie A. Heterozygous loss-of-function DHX9 variants are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders: Human genetic and experimental evidences. Eur J Med Genet 2023:104804. [PMID: 37369308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
DExH-box helicases are involved in unwinding of RNA and DNA. Among the 16 DExH-box genes, monoallelic variants of DHX16, DHX30, DHX34, and DHX37 are known to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, DHX30 is well established as a causative gene for neurodevelopmental disorders. Germline variants of DHX9, the closest homolog of DHX30, have not been reported until now as being associated with congenital disorders in humans, except that one de novo heterozygous variant, p.(Arg1052Gln) of the gene was identified during comprehensive screening in a patient with autism; unfortunately, the phenotypic details of this individual are unknown. Herein, we report a patient with a heterozygous de novo missense variant, p.(Gly414Arg) of DHX9 who presented with a short stature, intellectual disability, and ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. The variant was located in the glycine codon of the ATP-binding site, G-C-G-K-T. To assess the pathogenicity of this variants, we generated transgenic Drosophila lines expressing human wild-type and mutant DHX9 proteins: 1) the mutant proteins showed aberrant localization both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm; 2) ectopic expression of wild-type protein in the visual system led to the rough eye phenotype, whereas expression of the mutant proteins had minimal effect; 3) overexpression of the wild-type protein in the retina led to a reduction in axonal numbers, whereas expression of the mutant proteins had a less pronounced effect. Furthermore, in a gene-editing experiment of Dhx9 G416 to R416, corresponding to p.(Gly414Arg) in humans, heterozygous mice showed a reduced body size, reduced emotionality, and cardiac conduction abnormality. In conclusion, we established that heterozygosity for a loss-of-function variant of DHX9 can lead to a new neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Nitta
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uehara
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Mouse Phenotype Analysis Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinya Ayabe
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiteru Maeno
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tamio Furuse
- Mouse Phenotype Analysis Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yamada
- Mouse Phenotype Analysis Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Sugie
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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10
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Yazawa S, Yamazaki E, Saga Y, Itamochi M, Inasaki N, Shimada T, Oishi K, Tani H. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 isolation in cell culture from nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva specimens of patients with COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8893. [PMID: 37264051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been revealed that SARS-CoV-2 can be efficiently isolated from clinical specimens such as nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva in cultured cells. In this study, we examined the efficiency of viral isolation including SARS-CoV-2 mutant strains between nasal/nasopharyngeal swab or saliva specimens. Furthermore, we also examined the comparison of viral isolation rates by sample species using simulated specimens for COVID-19. As a result, it was found that the isolation efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva specimens was significantly lower than that in the nasal/nasopharyngeal swab specimens. In order to determine which component of saliva is responsible for the lower isolation rate of saliva specimens, we tested the abilities of lactoferrin, amylase, cathelicidin, and mucin, which are considered to be abundant in saliva, to inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped viruses (SARS-CoV-2pv). Lactoferrin and amylase were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2pv infection. In conclusion, even if the same number of viral genome copies was detected by the real-time RT-PCR test, infection of SARS-CoV-2 present in saliva is thought to be inhibited by inhibitory factors such as lactoferrin and amylase, compared to nasal/nasopharyngeal swab specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yazawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Emiko Yamazaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimada
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan.
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11
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Kawasuji H, Morinaga Y, Tani H, Saga Y, Yamada H, Yoshida Y, Takegoshi Y, Kaneda M, Murai Y, Kimoto K, Ueno A, Miyajima Y, Nagaoka K, Ono C, Matsuura Y, Niimi H, Yamamoto Y. Neutralizing Antibody Response of the Wild-Type/Omicron BA.1 Bivalent Vaccine as the Second Booster Dose against Omicron BA.2 and BA.5. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0513122. [PMID: 36946738 PMCID: PMC10101054 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05131-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the original monovalent vaccines available for SARS-CoV-2, bivalent vaccines covering wild-type (WT) and Omicron BA.1 are also available. However, there is a lack of real-world data on the immunogenicity of bivalent vaccines as second boosters against the dominant Omicron sublineages, including BA.2 and BA.5. Healthcare workers (n = 565) who received the first booster vaccination were followed for 2 weeks after the second booster dose of the monovalent mRNA-1273 (WT group, n = 168) and bivalent BNT162b2 (WT+BA.1 group, n = 23) vaccines. Participants with previous SARS-CoV-2 infections were excluded from the study. The anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody levels after the second booster dose in the WT and WT+BA.1 group were similar (median [interquartile range], 26,262.0 [16,951.0 to 38,137.0] U/mL versus 24,840.0 [14,828.0 to 41,460.0] U/mL, respectively). Although the neutralization activities of the pooled sera were lower against BA.5 than against other variants in both groups, the activities against BA.2 and BA.5 in the WT+BA.1 group were higher than those of the WT group in both pseudotyped and live virus assays. Vaccine-related symptoms, including systemic and local symptoms, were strongly correlated with anti-RBD antibody levels and neutralizing titers. In conclusion, the second booster dose of the bivalent (WT/Omicron BA.1) vaccine induced higher neutralizing activity against BA.2 and BA.5 than that of the original monovalent vaccine. IMPORTANCE Although Omicron BA.1-containing bivalent vaccines have been authorized, real-world data validating their safety and antibody responses remain scarce. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and reactogenicity of the second booster dose with the Omicron BA.1 bivalent vaccine in health care workers. Compared with the original monovalent vaccine, the bivalent (WT+BA.1) vaccine elicited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 subvariants. The frequency of adverse events after the second booster dose was similar to that of the monovalent vaccine. BA.5-neutralizing antibodies induced by the bivalent Omicron BA.1-containing vaccine were expected to decline. A prospective longitudinal study should be performed to determine the persistence of the humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kawasuji
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takegoshi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makito Kaneda
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yushi Murai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kou Kimoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyajima
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Niimi
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
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12
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Itamochi M, Yazawa S, Inasaki N, Saga Y, Yamazaki E, Shimada T, Tamura K, Maenishi E, Isobe J, Nakamura M, Takaoka M, Sasajima H, Kawashiri C, Tani H, Oishi K. Neutralization of Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.5 by a booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in a Japanese nursing home cohort. Vaccine 2023; 41:2234-2242. [PMID: 36858871 PMCID: PMC9968608 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The sustained epidemic of Omicron subvariants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a worldwide concern, and older adults are at high risk. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) in nursing home residents and staff between May 2021 and December 2022. A total of 335 SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals, including 141 residents (median age: 88 years) and 194 staff (median age: 44 years) participated. Receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) protein IgG and neutralizing titer (NT) against the Wuhan strain, Alpha and Delta variants, and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 subvariants were measured in serum samples drawn from participants after the second and third doses of mRNA vaccine using SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus. Breakthrough infection (BTI) was confirmed by a notification of COVID-19 or a positive anti-N IgG result in serum after mRNA vaccination. Fifty-one participants experienced SARS-CoV-2 BTI during the study period. The RBD IgG and NTs against Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 were markedly increased in SARS CoV-2 naïve participants 2 months after the third dose of mRNA vaccine, compared to those 5 months after the second dose, and declined 5 months after the third dose. The decline in RBD IgG and NT against Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 in SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants after the second and the third dose was particularly marked in those aged ≥ 80 years. BTIs during the BA.5 epidemic period, which occurred between 2 and 5 months after the third dose, induced a robust NT against BA.5 even five months after the booster dose vaccination. Further studies are required to assess the sustainability of NTs elicited by Omicron-containing bivalent mRNA booster vaccine in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yazawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Emiko Yamazaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimada
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tamura
- Department of Research Planning, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Emi Maenishi
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Junko Isobe
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Misuzu Takaoka
- Department of Research Planning, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasajima
- Department of Research Planning, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Chikako Kawashiri
- Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan.
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13
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Yamada H, Sasaki SI, Tani H, Somekawa M, Kawasuji H, Saga Y, Yoshida Y, Yamamoto Y, Hayakawa Y, Morinaga Y. Author Correction: A novel hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection using a pseudotyped virus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21138. [PMID: 36476989 PMCID: PMC9729178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamada
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - So-Ichiro Sasaki
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XSection of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- grid.417376.00000 0000 9379 2828Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mayu Somekawa
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawasuji
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- grid.417376.00000 0000 9379 2828Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshida
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XSection of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
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14
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Dhamodharan A, Okada H, Muraoka M, Wright D, Okubo A, Saga Y. P-body dynamics revealed by DDX6 protein knockdown via the auxin-inducible degron system. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:537-547. [PMID: 36353942 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptome dynamically changes via several transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. RNA-binding proteins contribute to such mechanisms to regulate the cellular status. DDX6 is one such protein and a core component of processing bodies (P-bodies), membrane-less cytosolic substructures where RNA and proteins localize and are functionally regulated. Despite the importance of DDX6, owing to the lack of tightly controlled methods for protein knockdown, it was difficult to assess in high time resolution how its depletion exactly affects the P-body assembly structure. Therefore, we adopted an advanced protein degradation method, the auxin-induced degron (AID) system, to degrade DDX6 acutely in ES cells. By introducing AID-tagged DDX6 and the E3 ligase subunit of OsTIR1 into ES cells, we successfully degraded DDX6 following auxin analog (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) treatment. The degradation rate of DDX6 was slower than that of the cytosolic reporter protein EGFP but was enhanced by increasing the OsTIR1 dosage. Lastly, we confirmed that a substantial portion of P-bodies disappears around the time of 1 hr after IAA addition consistent with DDX6 depletion detected by western blot. In accordance with this, we detected transcriptome changes by 6 hr after IAA treatment. Therefore, we demonstrated the applicability of the AID method to gain insight into the function of P-bodies and their protein components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Dhamodharan
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Hajime Okada
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muraoka
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Danelle Wright
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Akemi Okubo
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Kim J, Muraoka M, Okada H, Toyoda A, Ajima R, Saga Y. The RNA helicase DDX6 controls early mouse embryogenesis by repressing aberrant inhibition of BMP signaling through miRNA-mediated gene silencing. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009967. [PMID: 36197846 PMCID: PMC9534413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved RNA helicase DDX6 is a central player in post-transcriptional regulation, but its role during embryogenesis remains elusive. We here show that DDX6 enables proper cell lineage specification from pluripotent cells by analyzing Ddx6 knockout (KO) mouse embryos and employing an in vitro epiblast-like cell (EpiLC) induction system. Our study unveils that DDX6 is an important BMP signaling regulator. Deletion of Ddx6 causes the aberrant upregulation of the negative regulators of BMP signaling, which is accompanied by enhanced expression of Nodal and related genes. Ddx6 KO pluripotent cells acquire higher pluripotency with a strong inclination toward neural lineage commitment. During gastrulation, abnormally expanded Nodal and Eomes expression in the primitive streak likely promotes endoderm cell fate specification while inhibiting mesoderm differentiation. We also genetically dissected major DDX6 pathways by generating Dgcr8, Dcp2, and Eif4enif1 KO models in addition to Ddx6 KO. We found that the miRNA pathway mutant Dgcr8 KO phenocopies Ddx6 KO, indicating that DDX6 mostly works along with the miRNA pathway during early development, whereas its P-body-related functions are dispensable. Therefore, we conclude that DDX6 prevents aberrant upregulation of BMP signaling inhibitors by participating in miRNA-mediated gene silencing processes. Overall, this study delineates how DDX6 affects the development of the three primary germ layers during early mouse embryogenesis and the underlying mechanism of DDX6 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muraoka
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Hajime Okada
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Rieko Ajima
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
- * E-mail: (RA); (YS)
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
- * E-mail: (RA); (YS)
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16
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Hirano T, Wright D, Suzuki A, Saga Y. A cooperative mechanism of target RNA selection via germ-cell-specific RNA-binding proteins NANOS2 and DND1. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110894. [PMID: 35705038 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The germ-cell-specific RNA-binding protein (RBP) NANOS2 plays a pivotal role in male gonocyte differentiation and spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. Although NANOS2 interacts with the CNOT deadenylation complex and Dead end 1 (DND1) to repress target RNAs, the molecular mechanisms underlying target mRNA selection remain unclear because of the limited cell resource in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous NANOS2-DND1 suppresses target mRNAs in somatic cells. Using this somatic cell system, we find that NANOS2 interacts with RNA-bound DND1 and recruits the CNOT complex to the mRNAs. However, a fusion construct composed of the CNOT1-binding site of NANOS2 (NIM) and DND1 fails to repress the target gene expression. Therefore, NANOS2 is required not only for recruitment of the CNOT complex but also for selecting the target mRNA with DND1. This study reveals that NANOS2 functions as a second-layer RBP for the target recognition and functional adaptation of DND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Hirano
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8582, Japan
| | - Danelle Wright
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8582, Japan; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, 1111 Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501 Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8582, Japan; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, 1111 Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8582, Japan; Division for Development of Genetic-Engineered Mouse Resource, Genetic Resource Center, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8582, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Kawasuji H, Morinaga Y, Tani H, Saga Y, Kaneda M, Murai Y, Ueno A, Miyajima Y, Fukui Y, Nagaoka K, Ono C, Matsuura Y, Niimi H, Yamamoto Y. Effectiveness of the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine on neutralizing Omicron variant in the Japanese population. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:1273-1278. [PMID: 35691864 PMCID: PMC9186405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 provides humoral immunity to fight COVID-19; however, the acquired immunity gradually declines. Booster vaccination restores reduced humoral immunity; however, its effect on newly emerging variants, such as the Omicron variant, is a concern. As the waves of COVID-19 cases and vaccine programs differ between countries, it is necessary to know the domestic effect of the booster. Methods Serum samples were obtained from healthcare workers (20–69 years old) in the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine program at the Toyama University Hospital 6 months after the second dose (6mA2D, n = 648) and 2 weeks after the third dose (2wA3D, n = 565). The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody level was measured, and neutralization against the wild-type and variants (Delta and Omicron) was evaluated using pseudotyped viruses. Data on booster-related events were collected using questionnaires. Results The median anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was >30.9-fold elevated after the booster (6mA2D, 710.0 U/mL [interquartile range (IQR): 443.0–1068.0 U/mL]; 2wA3D, 21927 U/mL [IQR: 15321.0–>25000.0 U/mL]). Median neutralizing activity using 100-fold sera against wild-type-, Delta-, and Omicron-derived variants was elevated from 84.6%, 36.2%, and 31.2% at 6mA2D to >99.9%, 99.1%, and 94.6% at 2wA3D, respectively. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were significantly elevated in individuals with fever ≥37.5 °C, general fatigue, and myalgia, local swelling, and local hardness. Conclusion The booster effect, especially against the Omicron variant, was observed in the Japanese population. These findings contribute to the precise understanding of the efficacy and side effects of the booster and the promotion of vaccine campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kawasuji
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makito Kaneda
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yushi Murai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyajima
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fukui
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Niimi
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
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18
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Inoue H, Sakurai T, Hasegawa K, Suzuki A, Saga Y. NANOS3 suppresses premature spermatogonial differentiation to expand progenitors and fine-tunes spermatogenesis in mice. Biol Open 2022; 11:274984. [PMID: 35394008 PMCID: PMC9002807 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mouse testis, sperm originate from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). SSCs give rise to spermatogonial progenitors, which expand their population until entering the differentiation process that is precisely regulated by a fixed time-scaled program called the seminiferous cycle. Although this expansion process of progenitors is highly important, its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. NANOS3 is an RNA-binding protein expressed in the progenitor population. We demonstrated that the conditional deletion of Nanos3 at a later embryonic stage results in the reduction of spermatogonial progenitors in the postnatal testis. This reduction was associated with the premature differentiation of progenitors. Furthermore, this premature differentiation caused seminiferous stage disagreement between adjacent spermatogenic cells, which influenced spermatogenic epithelial cycles, leading to disruption of the later differentiation pathway. Our study suggests that NANOS3 plays an important role in timing progenitor expansion to adjust to the proper differentiation timing by blocking the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Inoue
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advised Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, 411-8540Japan
| | - Kazuteru Hasegawa
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advised Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, 411-8540Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540Japan.,Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advised Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, 411-8540Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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19
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Saga Y. How Germ Cells Determine Their Own Sexual Fate in Mice. Sex Dev 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35263749 DOI: 10.1159/000520976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether to produce sperm or eggs is the most basic and important choice from the perspective of germ cell development and differentiation. However, the induction mechanism has not received much attention until relatively recently. This is because the issue of sexual differentiation has generally been considered a theme of somatic cells to make a testis or ovary. Basically, the sex of individual somatic cells and germ cells matches. Therefore, the sex of germ cells is thought to follow the sex of somatic cells once determined. However, researchers realized that a big, open question remained: What somatic cell signals actually induce the sexual differentiation of germ cells and what is the sex determinant in germ cells? SUMMARY In vitro experiments demonstrated that 2 somatic signals (BMP and RA) act directly on germ cells to induce oogonia. Therefore, these 2 signals may be referred to as oogonia inducers. From the viewpoint of germ cells, an independent experiment identified SMAD4 and STRA8, which are directly downstream of BMP and RA, respectively, acting in germ cells as female determinants. However, what about male? If these factors are female determinants, their absence may result in the induction of spermatogonia. This may be true in vivo because germ cells enter a male pathway if they do not receive these signals even in the ovary. However, this has not been confirmed in an in vitro culture system. There should be signals required for germ cells to enter a male pathway. KEY MESSAGES The important message is that although testis-specific factors secreted from the testis are considered to include male-inducing factors for germ cells, this may not be the case, and the male-inducing factor, if it exists, also exists in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Okada H, Saga Y. Repurposing of the enhancer-promoter communication underlies the compensation of Mesp2 by Mesp1. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010000. [PMID: 35025872 PMCID: PMC8791502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms are inherently equipped with buffering systems against genetic perturbations. Genetic compensation, the compensatory response by upregulating another gene or genes, is one such buffering mechanism. Recently, a well-conserved compensatory mechanism was proposed: transcriptional adaptation of homologs under the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathways. However, this model cannot explain the onset of all compensatory events. We report a novel genetic compensation mechanism operating over the Mesp gene locus. Mesp1 and Mesp2 are paralogs located adjacently in the genome. Mesp2 loss is partially rescued by Mesp1 upregulation in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). Using a cultured PSM induction system, we reproduced the compensatory response in vitro and found that the Mesp2-enhancer is required to promote Mesp1. We revealed that the Mesp2-enhancer directly interacts with the Mesp1 promoter, thereby upregulating Mesp1 expression upon the loss of Mesp2. Of note, this interaction is established by genomic arrangement upon PSM development independently of Mesp2 disruption. We propose that the repurposing of this established enhancer-promoter communication is the mechanism underlying this compensatory response for the upregulation of the adjacent gene. Genetic compensation, the compensatory response by upregulating another gene or genes, is one of the inherent mechanisms against gene disruption to confer cellular fitness. However, the regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. Nonsense-mediated mutant mRNA degradation was recently proposed as a conserved mechanism across species to upregulate homologous genes to compensate for a disrupted gene, but this cannot explain compensation events with no mutant mRNA. This study investigated the compensation mechanism operating over adjacent paralogs, Mesp1 and Mesp2, in the genome. Mesp genes encode essential transcription factors in the presomitic mesoderm for development. In general, an enhancer is considered to activate a target gene when it physically interacts with the target. The communication of the Mesp2-enhancer with the Mesp1 promoter is established upon differentiation of the presomitic mesoderm, but this communication activates Mesp1 only when Mesp2 is disrupted, leading to compensation. We revealed a novel compensation mechanism depending on the repurposing of this enhancer-promoter communication by gene disruption. Our study also provides new insight into transcriptional regulation by providing the concept that an enhancer changes its target even among its physically interacting genes in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Okada
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advised Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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21
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Ozawa T, Tani H, Anraku Y, Kita S, Igarashi E, Saga Y, Inasaki N, Kawasuji H, Yamada H, Sasaki SI, Somekawa M, Sasaki J, Hayakawa Y, Yamamoto Y, Morinaga Y, Kurosawa N, Isobe M, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K, Hashiguchi T, Kishi H, Kitajima I, Saito S, Niimi H. Novel super-neutralizing antibody UT28K is capable of protecting against infection from a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants. MAbs 2022; 14:2072455. [PMID: 35543180 PMCID: PMC9103358 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2072455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many potent neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been developed and used for therapies. However, the effectiveness of many antibodies has been reduced against recently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Omicron variant. We identified a highly potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, UT28K, in COVID-19 convalescent individuals who recovered from a severe condition. UT28K showed efficacy in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 in an in vitro assay and in vivo prophylactic treatment, and the reactivity to the Omicron strain was reduced. The structural analyses revealed that antibody UT28K Fab and SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein interactions were mainly chain-dominated antigen-antibody interactions. In addition, a mutation analysis suggested that the emergence of a UT28K neutralization-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variant was unlikely, as this variant would likely lose its competitive advantage over circulating SARS-CoV-2. Our data suggest that UT28K offers potent protection against SARS-CoV-2, including newly emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuki Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emiko Igarashi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawasuji
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - So-Ichiro Sasaki
- Section of Host Defences, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Mayu Somekawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jiei Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Section of Host Defences, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kurosawa
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Isobe
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Isao Kitajima
- Administrative office, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Administrative office, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Niimi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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22
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Kawasuji H, Morinaga Y, Tani H, Saga Y, Kaneda M, Murai Y, Ueno A, Miyajima Y, Fukui Y, Nagaoka K, Ono C, Matsuura Y, Niimi H, Yamamoto Y. Age-Dependent Reduction in Neutralization against Alpha and Beta Variants of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Immunity. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0056121. [PMID: 34851162 PMCID: PMC8635122 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00561-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 have been introduced. To investigate the relationship between vaccine-induced humoral immunity and patient age, we measured antibody levels and neutralization in vaccinated sera. Sera from 13 to 17 days after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine were collected from health care workers at the University of Toyama (n = 740). Antibody levels were measured by the anti-receptor binding domain antibody test (anti-RBD test), and neutralization against wild-type (WT), α- and β-variant pseudotyped viruses were assayed using a high-throughput chemiluminescent reduction neutralizing test (htCRNT; positivity cutoff, 50% neutralization at serum dilution 1:100). Basic clinical characteristics were obtained from questionnaires. Antibodies were confirmed in all participants in both the anti-RBD test (median, 2,112 U/ml; interquartile range [IQR], 1,275 to 3,390 U/ml) and the htCRNT against WT (median % inhibition, >99.9; IQR, >99.9 to >99.9). For randomly selected sera (n = 61), 100.0% had positive htCRNT values against the α- and β-derived variants. Among those who answered the questionnaire (n = 237), the values of the anti-RBD test were negatively correlated with age in females (P < 0.01). An age-dependent decline in neutralization was observed against the variants but not against the wild-type virus (wild type, P = 0.09; α, P < 0.01; β, P < 0.01). The neutralizing activity induced by BNT162b2 was obtained not only against the wild-type virus, but also against the variants; however, there was an age-dependent decrease in the latter. Age-related heterogeneity of vaccine-acquired immunity is a concern in preventive strategies in the era dominated by variants. IMPORTANCE Since mRNA vaccines utilize wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as an antigen, there are potential concerns about acquiring immunity to variants of this virus. The neutralizing activity in BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals was higher against the wild-type virus than against its variants; this effect was more apparent in older age groups. This finding suggests that one of the weaknesses of the mRNA vaccine is the high risk of variant infection in the elderly population. Because the elderly are at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the age-dependent decline of neutralization against viral variants should be considered while planning vaccination programs that include boosters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kawasuji
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makito Kaneda
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yushi Murai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyajima
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fukui
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Niimi
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
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23
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Igarashi E, Tani H, Tamura K, Itamochi M, Shimada T, Saga Y, Inasaki N, Hasegawa S, Yazawa S, Sasajima H, Kaya H, Nomura S, Itoh H, Takeda SI, Yamamoto Y, Yamashiro S, Ichikawa T, Horie Y, Hirota K, Hirano N, Kawashiri C, Oishi K. Viral isolation analysis of SARS-CoV-2 from clinical specimens of COVID-19 patients. J Infect Chemother 2021; 28:347-351. [PMID: 34774431 PMCID: PMC8578003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic testing using reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is the mainstay of diagnosis of COVID-19. However, it has not been fully investigated whether infectious viruses are contained in SARS-CoV-2 genome-positive specimens examined using the rRT-PCR test. In this study, we examined the correlation between the threshold Cycle (Ct) value obtained from the rRT-PCR test and virus isolation in cultured cells, using 533 consecutive clinical specimens of COVID-19 patients. The virus was isolated from specimens with a Ct value of less than 30 cycles, and the lower the Ct value, the more efficient the isolation rate. A cytopathic effect due to herpes simplex virus type 1 contamination was observed in one sample with a Ct value of 35 cycles. In a comparison of VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells and VeroE6 cells used for virus isolation, VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells isolated the virus 1.7 times more efficiently than VeroE6 cells. There was no significant difference between the two cells in the mean Ct value of the detectable sample. In conclusion, Lower Ct values in the PCR test were associated with higher virus isolation rates, and VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells were able to isolate viruses more efficiently than VeroE6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Igarashi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Tamura
- Department of Research Planning, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimada
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Hasegawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yazawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasajima
- Department of Research Planning, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
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Ajima R, Sakakibara Y, Sakurai-Yamatani N, Muraoka M, Saga Y. Formal proof of the requirement of MESP1 and MESP2 in mesoderm specification and their transcriptional control via specific enhancers in mice. Development 2021; 148:272544. [PMID: 34679163 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MESP1 and MESP2 are transcriptional factors involved in mesoderm specification, somite boundary formation and somite polarity regulation. However, Mesp quadruple mutant zebrafish displayed only abnormal somite polarity without mesoderm specification defects. In order to re-evaluate Mesp1/Mesp2 mutants in mice, Mesp1 and Mesp2 single knockouts (KOs), and a Mesp1/Mesp2 double KO were established using genome-editing techniques without introducing selection markers commonly used before. The Mesp1/Mesp2 double KO embryos exhibited markedly severe mesoderm formation defects that were similar to the previously reported Mesp1/Mesp2 double KO embryos, indicating species differences in the function of MESP family proteins. However, the Mesp1 KO did not display any phenotype, including heart formation defects, which have been reported previously. We noted upregulation of Mesp2 in the Mesp1 KO embryos, suggesting that MESP2 rescues the loss of MESP1 in mesoderm specification. We also found that Mesp1 and Mesp2 expression in the early mesoderm is regulated by the cooperation of two independent enhancers containing T-box- and TCF/Lef-binding sites. Deletion of both enhancers caused the downregulation of both genes, resulting in heart formation defects. This study suggests dose-dependent roles of MESP1 and MESP2 in early mesoderm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Ajima
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Division for Development of Genetic-engineered Mouse Resource, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakakibara
- Division for Development of Genetic-engineered Mouse Resource, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Noriko Sakurai-Yamatani
- Division for Development of Genetic-engineered Mouse Resource, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muraoka
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Division for Development of Genetic-engineered Mouse Resource, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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Okubo Y, Ohtake F, Igarashi K, Yasuhiko Y, Hirabayashi Y, Saga Y, Kanno J. Cleaved Delta like 1 intracellular domain regulates neural development via Notch signal-dependent and -independent pathways. Development 2021; 148:272156. [PMID: 34519339 PMCID: PMC8513606 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Notch-Delta signaling regulates many developmental processes, including tissue homeostasis and maintenance of stem cells. Upon interaction of juxtaposed cells via Notch and Delta proteins, intracellular domains of both transmembrane proteins are cleaved and translocate to the nucleus. Notch intracellular domain activates target gene expression; however, the role of the Delta intracellular domain remains elusive. Here, we show the biological function of Delta like 1 intracellular domain (D1ICD) by modulating its production. We find that the sustained production of D1ICD abrogates cell proliferation but enhances neurogenesis in the developing dorsal root ganglia (DRG), whereas inhibition of D1ICD production promotes cell proliferation and gliogenesis. D1ICD acts as an integral component of lateral inhibition mechanism by inhibiting Notch activity. In addition, D1ICD promotes neurogenesis in a Notch signaling-independent manner. We show that D1ICD binds to Erk1/2 in neural crest stem cells and inhibits the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. In summary, our results indicate that D1ICD regulates DRG development by modulating not only Notch signaling but also the MAP kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okubo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ohtake
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Igarashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.,Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yukuto Yasuhiko
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirabayashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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26
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Shimada R, Koike H, Hirano T, Kato Y, Saga Y. NANOS2 suppresses the cell cycle by repressing mTORC1 activators in embryonic male germ cells. iScience 2021; 24:102890. [PMID: 34401671 PMCID: PMC8350546 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During murine germ cell development, male germ cells enter the mitotically arrested G0 stage, which is an initial step of sexually dimorphic differentiation. The male-specific RNA-binding protein NANOS2 has a key role in suppressing the cell cycle in germ cells. However, the detailed mechanism of how NANOS2 regulates the cell cycle remains unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we extracted the cell cycle state of each germ cell in wild-type and Nanos2-KO testes and revealed that Nanos2 expression starts in mitotic cells and induces mitotic arrest. We identified Rheb, a regulator of mTORC1, and Ptma as possible targets of NANOS2. We propose that repression of the cell cycle is a primary function of NANOS2 and that it is mediated via the suppression of mTORC1 activity through the repression of Rheb in a post-transcriptional manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuki Shimada
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroko Koike
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takamasa Hirano
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kato
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Division for the Development of Genetically Engineered Mouse Resources, Genetic Resource Center, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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27
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Kimura Y, Yamashita T, Seto R, Imanishi M, Honda M, Nakagawa S, Saga Y, Takenaka S, Yu LJ, Madigan MT, Wang-Otomo ZY. Circular dichroism and resonance Raman spectroscopies of bacteriochlorophyll b-containing LH1-RC complexes. Photosynth Res 2021; 148:77-86. [PMID: 33834357 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The core light-harvesting complexes (LH1) in bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) b-containing purple phototrophic bacteria are characterized by a near-infrared absorption maximum around 1010 nm. The determinative cause for this ultra-redshift remains unclear. Here, we present results of circular dichroism (CD) and resonance Raman measurements on the purified LH1 complexes in a reaction center-associated form from a mesophilic and a thermophilic Blastochloris species. Both the LH1 complexes displayed purely positive CD signals for their Qy transitions, in contrast to those of BChl a-containing LH1 complexes. This may reflect differences in the conjugation system of the bacteriochlorin between BChl b and BChl a and/or the differences in the pigment organization between the BChl b- and BChl a-containing LH1 complexes. Resonance Raman spectroscopy revealed remarkably large redshifts of the Raman bands for the BChl b C3-acetyl group, indicating unusually strong hydrogen bonds formed with LH1 polypeptides, results that were verified by a published structure. A linear correlation was found between the redshift of the Raman band for the BChl C3-acetyl group and the change in LH1-Qy transition for all native BChl a- and BChl b-containing LH1 complexes examined. The strong hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions between BChl b and nearby aromatic residues in the LH1 polypeptides, along with the CD results, provide crucial insights into the spectral and structural origins for the ultra-redshift of the long-wavelength absorption maximum of BChl b-containing phototrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - T Yamashita
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, 310-8512, Japan
| | - R Seto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - M Imanishi
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - M Honda
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, 310-8512, Japan
| | - S Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Y Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - S Takenaka
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - L-J Yu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - M T Madigan
- Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Z-Y Wang-Otomo
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, 310-8512, Japan.
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28
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Fukuda K, Muraoka M, Kato Y, Saga Y. Decoding the transcriptome of pre-granulosa cells during the formation of primordial follicles in the mouse†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:179-191. [PMID: 33847353 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial follicles, a finite reservoir of eggs in mammalian ovaries, are composed of a single oocyte and its supporting somatic cells, termed granulosa cells. Although their formation may require reciprocal interplay between oocytes and pre-granulosa cells, precursors of granulosa cells, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We addressed this issue by decoding the transcriptome of pre-granulosa cells during the formation of primordial follicles. We found that marked gene expression changes, including extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and several signaling pathways, occur along with primordial follicle formation. Importantly, differentiation of Lgr5-EGFP-positive pre-granulosa cells to FOXL2-positive granulosa cells was delayed in mutant ovaries of the germ cell-specific genes Nanos3 and Figla, accompanied by perturbed gene expression in mutant pre-granulosa cells. These results suggest that proper development of oocytes is required for the differentiation of pre-granulosa cells. Our data provide a valuable resource for understanding the gene regulatory networks involved in the formation of primordial follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurumi Fukuda
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muraoka
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kato
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Wright D, Kiso M, Saga Y. Genetic and structural analysis of the in vivo functional redundancy between murine NANOS2 and NANOS3. Development 2021; 148:dev191916. [PMID: 33199444 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
NANOS2 and NANOS3 are evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding proteins involved in murine germ cell development. NANOS3 is required for protection from apoptosis during migration and gonadal colonization in both sexes, whereas NANOS2 is male-specific and required for the male-type differentiation of germ cells. Ectopic NANOS2 rescues the functions of NANOS3, but NANOS3 cannot rescue NANOS2 function, even though its expression is upregulated in Nanos2-null conditions. It is unknown why NANOS3 cannot rescue NANOS2 function and it is unclear whether NANOS3 plays any role in male germ cell differentiation. To address these questions, we made conditional Nanos3/Nanos2 knockout mice and chimeric mice expressing chimeric NANOS proteins. Conditional double knockout of Nanos2 and Nanos3 led to the rapid loss of germ cells, and in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that DND1 and NANOS2 binding is dependent on the specific NANOS2 zinc-finger structure. Moreover, murine NANOS3 failed to bind CNOT1, an interactor of NANOS2 at its N-terminal. Collectively, our study suggests that the inability of NANOS3 to rescue NANOS2 function is due to poor DND1 recruitment and CNOT1 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelle Wright
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Makoto Kiso
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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30
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Itamochi M, Inasaki N, Saga Y, Shimada T, Obuchi M, Tani H, Mitsui C, Tomizawa T, Matsukura T, Takashima A, Seki E, Tanaka T, Doi Y, Kakiuchi T, Sasada K, Nakagawa M, Takeuchi T, Takamori T, Mizuki M, Morita M, Ishikawa T, Fujikawa M, Motoi I, Oishi K. Measles Transmission among Technical Interns from the Philippines in a Training Institute in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, in March 2019. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 74:255-258. [PMID: 33390433 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | | | | | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
| | - Chieko Mitsui
- Health Division of Toyama Prefectural Government, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kazunori Oishi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Japan
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31
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Imai A, Hagiwara Y, Niimi Y, Tokumoto T, Saga Y, Suzuki A. Mouse dead end1 acts with Nanos2 and Nanos3 to regulate testicular teratoma incidence. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232047. [PMID: 32339196 PMCID: PMC7185693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous testicular teratomas (STTs) derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the mouse embryonic testes predominantly develop in the 129 family inbred strain. Ter (spontaneous mutation) is a single nucleotide polymorphism that generates a premature stop codon of Dead end1 (Dnd1) and increases the incidence of STTs in the 129 genetic background. We previously found that DND1 interacts with NANOS2 or NANOS3 and that these complexes play a vital role in male embryonic germ cells and adult spermatogonia. However, the following are unclear: (a) whether DND1 works with NANOS2 or NANOS3 to regulate teratoma incidence, and (b) whether Ter simply causes Dnd1 loss or produces a short mutant DND1 protein. In the current study, we newly established a conventional Dnd1-knockout mouse line and found that these mice showed phenotypes similar to those of Ter mutant mice in spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and teratoma incidence, with a slight difference in spermiogenesis. In addition, we found that the amount of DND1 in Dnd1+/Ter embryos decreased to half of that in wild-type embryos, while the expression of the short mutant DND1 was not detected. We also found that double mutants for Dnd1 and Nanos2 or Nanos3 showed synergistic increase in the incidence of STTs. These data support the idea that Ter causes Dnd1 loss, leading to an increase in STT incidence, and that DND1 acts with NANOS2 and NANOS3 to regulate the development of teratoma from PGCs in the 129 genetic background. Thus, our results clarify the role of Dnd1 in the development of STTs and provide a novel insight into its pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Imai
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hagiwara
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Niimi
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Tokumoto
- Biological Science Course, Graduate School of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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32
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Kato Y, Iwamori T, Ninomiya Y, Kohda T, Miyashita J, Sato M, Saga Y. ELAVL2-directed RNA regulatory network drives the formation of quiescent primordial follicles. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48251. [PMID: 31657143 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of primordial follicles is a fundamental, early process in mammalian oogenesis. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We herein report that the RNA-binding proteins ELAVL2 and DDX6 are indispensable for the formation of quiescent primordial follicles in mouse ovaries. We show that Elavl2 knockout females are infertile due to defective primordial follicle formation. ELAVL2 associates with mRNAs encoding components of P-bodies (cytoplasmic RNP granules involved in the decay and storage of RNA) and directs the assembly of P-body-like granules by promoting the translation of DDX6 in oocytes prior to the formation of primordial follicles. Deletion of Ddx6 disturbs the assembly of P-body-like granules and severely impairs the formation of primordial follicles, indicating the potential importance of P-body-like granules in the formation of primordial follicles. Furthermore, Ddx6-deficient oocytes are abnormally enlarged due to misregulated PI3K-AKT signaling. Our data reveal that an ELAVL2-directed post-transcriptional network is essential for the formation of quiescent primordial follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kato
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tokuko Iwamori
- Department of Biomedicine, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Youichirou Ninomiya
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jyunko Miyashita
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sato
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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33
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Shibata S, Yamamoto K, Sato Y, Bou S, Takamatsu S, Saga Y, Minami H, Y. M, Sasaki M, Tameshige Y, Tamamura H. Assessment of Changes of the Distance from Liver Surface to Isocenter during Proton Beam Treatment for Liver Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Inasaki N, Aoyagi Y, Morioka S, Hasegawa S, Yoneda T, Saga Y, Itamochi M, Obuchi M. A Novel Recombinant Norovirus GII.4 Sydney 2012 Strain Detected from a Food Poisoning Outbreak in the 2017-2018 Season, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2019; 72:64-67. [PMID: 30381687 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2018.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seiji Morioka
- Public Health Division, Toyama City Public Health Center
| | | | | | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health
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35
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Niimi Y, Imai A, Nishimura H, Yui K, Kikuchi A, Koike H, Saga Y, Suzuki A. Essential role of mouse Dead end1 in the maintenance of spermatogonia. Dev Biol 2018; 445:103-112. [PMID: 30439356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dead end is a vertebrate-specific RNA-binding protein implicated in germ cell development. We have previously shown that mouse Dead end1 (DND1) is expressed in male embryonic germ cells and directly interacts with NANOS2 to cooperatively promote sexual differentiation of fetal germ cells. In addition, we have also reported that NANOS2 is expressed in self-renewing spermatogonial stem cells and is required for the maintenance of the stem cell state. However, it remains to be determined whether DND1 works with NANOS2 in the spermatogonia. Here, we show that DND1 is expressed in a subpopulation of differentiating spermatogonia and undifferentiated spermatogonia, including NANOS2-positive spermatogonia. Conditional disruption of DND1 depleted both differentiating and undifferentiated spermatogonia; however, the numbers of Asingle and Apaired spermatogonia were preferentially decreased as compared with those of Aaligned spermatogonia. Finally, we found that postnatal DND1 associates with NANOS2 in vivo, independently of RNA, and interacts with some of NANOS2-target mRNAs. These data not only suggest that DND1 is a partner of NANOS2 in undifferentiated spermatogonia as well as in male embryonic germ cells, but also show that DND1 plays an essential role in the survival of differentiating spermatogonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Niimi
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuki Imai
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nishimura
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kenya Yui
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ai Kikuchi
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroko Koike
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan; Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
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36
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Fujita Y, Tominaga T, Abe H, Kangawa Y, Fukushima N, Ueda O, Jishage KI, Kishi S, Murakami T, Saga Y, Kanwar YS, Nagai K, Doi T. An adjustment in BMP4 function represents a treatment for diabetic nephropathy and podocyte injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13011. [PMID: 30158674 PMCID: PMC6115362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury has been proposed to play an important role in diabetic nephropathy; however, its pathological mechanism remains unclear. We have shown that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling leads to the glomerular changes characteristic of this disorder. To analyze the molecular mechanism of podocyte injury, the effect of BMP4 was investigated using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced, Bmp4 heterozygous knockout (Bmp4+/−) and podocyte-specific Bmp4 knockout mice. Mice with STZ-induced diabetes exhibited glomerular matrix hyperplasia and decreased numbers of podocyte nucleus-specific WT1-positive cells. The number of podocytes and proteinuria were improved in both diabetic Bmp4 knockout mouse models compared to the effects observed in the control mice. The effect of BMP4 overexpression on Bmp4-induced or podocyte-specific transgenic mice was examined. Tamoxifen-induced Bmp4-overexpressing mice exhibited mesangial matrix expansion and decreased numbers of WT1-positive cells. Podocyte-specific Bmp4-overexpressing mice displayed increased kidney BMP4 expression and mesangial matrix expansion but decreased nephrin expression and numbers of WT1-positive cells. Both lines of Bmp4-overexpressing mice exhibited increased albuminuria. In cultured podocytes, BMP4 increased phospho-p38 levels. BMP4 decreased nephrin expression but increased cleaved caspase-3 levels. p38 suppression inhibited caspase-3 activation. Apoptosis was confirmed in STZ-diabetic glomeruli and Bmp4-overexpressing mice. Bmp4 +/− mice with diabetes displayed reduced apoptosis. Based on these data, the BMP4 signaling pathway plays important roles in the development of both podocyte injury and mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Fujita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tominaga
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Hideharu Abe
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yumi Kangawa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoshi Fukushima
- Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Otoya Ueda
- Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kou-Ichi Jishage
- Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan.,Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Inc., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Kishi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taichi Murakami
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Department of Pathology & Medicine-Nephrology, FSM, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Kojiro Nagai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshio Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Fukuda K, Masuda A, Naka T, Suzuki A, Kato Y, Saga Y. Requirement of the 3'-UTR-dependent suppression of DAZL in oocytes for pre-implantation mouse development. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007436. [PMID: 29883445 PMCID: PMC6010300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional oocytes are produced through complex molecular and cellular processes. In particular, the contribution of post-transcriptional gene regulation mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is crucial for controlling proper gene expression during this process. DAZL (deleted in azoospermia-like) is one of the RBPs required for the sexual differentiation of primordial germ cells and for the progression of meiosis in ovulated oocytes. However, the involvement of DAZL in the development of follicular oocytes is still unknown. Here, we show that Dazl is translationally suppressed in a 3'-UTR-dependent manner in follicular oocytes, and this suppression is required for normal pre-implantation development. We found that suppression of DAZL occurred in postnatal oocytes concomitant with the formation of primordial follicles, whereas Dazl mRNA was continuously expressed throughout oocyte development, raising the possibility that DAZL is dispensable for the survival and growth of follicular oocytes. Indeed, follicular oocyte-specific knockout of Dazl resulted in the production of normal number of pups. On the other hand, genetically modified female mice that overexpress DAZL produced fewer numbers of pups than the control due to defective pre-implantation development. Our data suggest that post-transcriptional suppression of DAZL in oocytes is an important mechanism controlling gene expression in the development of functional oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurumi Fukuda
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aki Masuda
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuma Naka
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kato
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail: (YK); (YS)
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (YK); (YS)
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Zhao W, Oginuma M, Ajima R, Kiso M, Okubo A, Saga Y. Ripply2 recruits proteasome complex for Tbx6 degradation to define segment border during murine somitogenesis. eLife 2018; 7:33068. [PMID: 29761784 PMCID: PMC5953544 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The metameric structure in vertebrates is based on the periodic formation of somites from the anterior end of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). The segmentation boundary is defined by the Tbx6 expression domain, whose anterior limit is determined by Tbx6 protein destabilization via Ripply2. However, the molecular mechanism of this process is poorly understood. Here, we show that Ripply2 directly binds to Tbx6 in cultured cells without changing the stability of Tbx6, indicating an unknown mechanism for Tbx6 degradation in vivo. We succeeded in reproducing in vivo events using a mouse ES induction system, in which Tbx6 degradation occurred via Ripply2. Mass spectrometry analysis of the PSM-fated ES cells revealed that proteasomes are major components of the Ripply2-binding complex, suggesting that recruitment of a protein-degradation-complex is a pivotal function of Ripply2. Finally, we identified a motif in the T-box, which is required for Tbx6 degradation independent of binding with Ripply2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Oginuma
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Rieko Ajima
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Mouse Research Supporting Unit, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Makoto Kiso
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Mouse Research Supporting Unit, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Akemi Okubo
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Mouse Research Supporting Unit, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
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Pui HP, Saga Y. NANOS2 acts as an intrinsic regulator of gonocytes-to-spermatogonia transition in the murine testes. Mech Dev 2018; 149:27-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Ajima R, Suzuki E, Saga Y. Pofut1 point-mutations that disrupt O-fucosyltransferase activity destabilize the protein and abolish Notch1 signaling during mouse somitogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187248. [PMID: 29095923 PMCID: PMC5667770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The segmental pattern of the vertebrate body is established via the periodic formation of somites from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). This periodical process is controlled by the cyclic and synchronized activation of Notch signaling in the PSM. Protein O-fucosyltransferase1 (Pofut1), which transfers O-fucose to the EGF domains of the Notch1 receptor, is indispensable for Notch signaling activation. The Drosophila homologue Ofut1 was reported to control Notch localization via two different mechanisms, working as a chaperone for Notch or as a regulator of Notch endocytosis. However, these were found to be independent of O-fucosyltransferase activity because the phenotypes were rescued by Ofut1 mutants lacking O-fucosyltransferase activity. Pofut1 may also be involved in the Notch receptor localization in mice. However, the contribution of enzymatic activity of Pofut1 to the Notch receptor dynamics remains to be elucidated. In order to clarify the importance of the O-fucosyltransferase activity of Pofut1 for Notch signaling activation and the protein localization in the PSM, we established mice carrying point mutations at the 245th a.a. or 370-372th a.a., highly conserved amino-acid sequences whose mutations disrupt the O-fucosyltransferase activity of both Drosophila Ofut1 and mammalian Pofut1, with the CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome-engineering technique. Both mutants displayed the same severely perturbed somite formation and Notch1 subcellular localization defects as the Pofut1 null mutants. In the mutants, Pofut1 protein, but not RNA, became undetectable by E9.5. Furthermore, both wild-type and mutant Pofut1 proteins were degraded through lysosome dependent machinery. Pofut1 protein loss in the point mutant embryos caused the same phenotypes as those observed in Pofut1 null embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Ajima
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Mouse Research Supporting Unit, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail: (RA); (YS)
| | - Emiko Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Gene Network Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Mouse Research Supporting Unit, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (RA); (YS)
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41
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Kabayama Y, Toh H, Katanaya A, Sakurai T, Chuma S, Kuramochi-Miyagawa S, Saga Y, Nakano T, Sasaki H. Roles of MIWI, MILI and PLD6 in small RNA regulation in mouse growing oocytes. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:5387-5398. [PMID: 28115634 PMCID: PMC5435931 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway produces a class of 26–30-nucleotide (nt) small RNAs and is essential for spermatogenesis and retrotransposon repression. In oocytes, however, its regulation and function are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of loss of piRNA-pathway components in growing oocytes. When MILI (or PIWIL2), a PIWI family member, was depleted by gene knockout, almost all piRNAs disappeared. This severe loss of piRNA was accompanied by an increase in transcripts derived from specific retrotransposons, especially IAPs. MIWI (or PIWIL1) depletion had a smaller effect. In oocytes lacking PLD6 (or ZUCCHINI or MITOPLD), a mitochondrial nuclease/phospholipase involved in piRNA biogenesis in male germ cells, the piRNA level was decreased to 50% compared to wild-type, a phenotype much milder than that in males. Since PLD6 is essential for the creation of the 5΄ ends of primary piRNAs in males, the presence of mature piRNA in PLD6-depleted oocytes suggests the presence of compensating enzymes. Furthermore, we identified novel 21–23-nt small RNAs, termed spiRNAs, possessing a 10-nt complementarity with piRNAs, which were produced dependent on MILI and independent of DICER. Our study revealed the differences in the biogenesis and function of the piRNA pathway between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kabayama
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Toh
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ami Katanaya
- Department of Development and Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Chuma
- Department of Development and Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satomi Kuramochi-Miyagawa
- Department of Pathology, Medical school and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Toru Nakano
- Department of Pathology, Medical school and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Zhou Z, Kawabe H, Suzuki A, Shinmyozu K, Saga Y. NEDD4 controls spermatogonial stem cell homeostasis and stress response by regulating messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15662. [PMID: 28585553 PMCID: PMC5494183 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
P bodies (PBs) and stress granules (SGs) are conserved cytoplasmic aggregates of cellular messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) that are implicated in mRNA metabolism and play crucial roles in adult stem cell homeostasis and stress responses. However, the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of mRNP granules are poorly understood. Here, we report NEDD4, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a key regulator of mRNP dynamics that controls the size of the spermatogonial progenitor cell (SPC) pool. We find that NEDD4 targets an RNA-binding protein, NANOS2, in spermatogonia to destabilize it, leading to cell differentiation. In addition, NEDD4 is required for SG clearance. NEDD4 targets SGs and facilitates their rapid clearance through the endosomal–lysosomal pathway during the recovery period. Therefore, NEDD4 controls the turnover of mRNP components and inhibits pathological SG accumulation. Accordingly, we propose that a NEDD4-mediated mechanism regulates mRNP dynamics, and facilitates SPC homeostasis and viability under normal and stress conditions. Stress granules (SG) comprise aggregates of cellular messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) but how they form is unclear. Here, the authors identify NEDD4, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as regulating the RNA binding protein NANOS2 and turnover of mRNP components, and so SG disassembly in spermatogonial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhou
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein Strasse 3D, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Shinmyozu
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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43
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Pui HP, Saga Y. Gonocytes-to-spermatogonia transition initiates prior to birth in murine testes and it requires FGF signaling. Mech Dev 2017; 144:125-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wu Q, Fukuda K, Kato Y, Zhou Z, Deng CX, Saga Y. Sexual Fate Change of XX Germ Cells Caused by the Deletion of SMAD4 and STRA8 Independent of Somatic Sex Reprogramming. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002553. [PMID: 27606421 PMCID: PMC5015973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential programming of sperm and eggs in gonads is a fundamental topic in reproductive biology. Although the sexual fate of germ cells is believed to be determined by signaling factors from sexually differentiated somatic cells in fetal gonads, the molecular mechanism that determines germ cell fate is poorly understood. Herein, we show that mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) in germ cells is required for female-type differentiation. Germ cells in Smad4-deficient ovaries respond to retinoic acid signaling but fail to undergo meiotic prophase I, which coincides with the weaker expression of genes required for follicular formation, indicating that SMAD4 signaling is essential for oocyte differentiation and meiotic progression. Intriguingly, germline-specific deletion of Smad4 in Stra8-null female germ cells resulted in the up-regulation of genes required for male gonocyte differentiation, including Nanos2 and PLZF, suggesting the initiation of male-type differentiation in ovaries. Moreover, our transcriptome analyses of mutant ovaries revealed that the sex change phenotype is achieved without global gene expression changes in somatic cells. Our results demonstrate that SMAD4 and STRA8 are essential factors that regulate the female fate of germ cells. Double ablation of SMAD4 and STRA8 causes female-to-male switching of XX germ cells without affecting somatic cell fate. This suggests that SMAD4 and STRA8 are essential intrinsic factors that determine the female fate of germ cells, collaborating to suppress expression of male genes. Mammalian sex depends on a male-specific gene, sex-determining region Y (SRY), which is located on the Y chromosome. Individuals lacking this gene will develop as female. Accordingly, germ cell fate also changes from male to female in the absence of SRY. Therefore, it is thought that somatic cells regulate germ cells to become sperm or oocytes. However, it is largely unknown what factor is responsible for sexual fate determination in germ cells. In fetal ovaries, retinoic acid (RA) initiates STRA8 expression in germ cells and induces meiosis. Female germ cells without STRA8 fail to enter meiosis but still progress to oogenesis and form oocyte-like cells, indicating that RA is not the regulator of oogenesis. Here, we found that female germ cells lacking both SMAD4 and STRA8 (but not a single knockout) develop as male gonocyte-like cells in ovaries, indicating that these two factors work as female germ cell determinants. To our surprise, the sexual fate switch observed in the double knockout ovary is not accompanied by gene expression changes in somatic cells, revealing the unexpected finding that somatic factors controlled by SRY are dispensable for the upregulation of male-specific genes in germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wu
- Department of Genetics, Sokendai, Mishima, Japan
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kurumi Fukuda
- Department of Genetics, Sokendai, Mishima, Japan
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kato
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Genetics, Sokendai, Mishima, Japan
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Funato N, Kokubo H, Saga Y. Transcriptomic analyses of Hand2 transgenic embryos. Genom Data 2016; 9:60-2. [PMID: 27408813 PMCID: PMC4932614 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we further provide the data generated for the previously published research article “Specification of jaw identity by the Hand2 transcription factor.” To better understand the downstream genes of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hand2, we generated double-transgenic mice (Hand2NC) by intercrossing CAG-floxed CAT-Hand2 mice with Wnt1-Cre mice for conditional activation of Hand2 expression in the neural crest. Altered expression of Hand2 induces transformation of the upper jaw to the lower jaw in Hand2NC mutant mice. This data article provides Tables detailing the differentially expressed genes between wild-type and Hand2NC mutant embryos. The raw array data of our transcriptomes as generated using Affymetrix microarrays are available on the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) browser (Reference number GSE75805).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Funato
- Department of Signal Gene Regulation, Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kokubo
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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46
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Inaba Y, Shinohara K, Botilde Y, Nabeshima R, Takaoka K, Ajima R, Lamri L, Takeda H, Saga Y, Nakamura T, Hamada H. Transport of the outer dynein arm complex to cilia requires a cytoplasmic protein Lrrc6. Genes Cells 2016; 21:728-39. [PMID: 27353389 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lrrc6 encodes a cytoplasmic protein that is expressed specifically in cells with motile cilia including the node, trachea and testes of the mice. A mutation of Lrrc6 has been identified in human patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Mutant mice lacking Lrrc6 show typical PCD defects such as hydrocephalus and laterality defects. We found that in the absence of Lrrc6, the morphology of motile cilia remained normal, but their motility was completely lost. The 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules remained normal in Lrrc6(-/-) mice, but the outer dynein arms (ODAs), the structures essential for the ciliary beating, were absent from the cilia. In the absence of Lrrc6, ODA proteins such as DNAH5, DNAH9 and IC2, which are assembled in the cytoplasm and transported to the ciliary axoneme, remained in the cytoplasm and were not transported to the ciliary axoneme. The IC2-IC1 interaction, which is the first step of ODA assembly, was normal in Lrrc6(-/-) mice testes. Our results suggest that ODA proteins may be transported from the cytoplasm to the cilia by an Lrrc6-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Inaba
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Shinohara
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yanick Botilde
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Nabeshima
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Takaoka
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rieko Ajima
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lynda Lamri
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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47
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Funato N, Kokubo H, Nakamura M, Yanagisawa H, Saga Y. Specification of jaw identity by the Hand2 transcription factor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28405. [PMID: 27329940 PMCID: PMC4916603 DOI: 10.1038/srep28405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of the lower jaw (mandible) was evolutionarily important for jawed vertebrates. In humans, syndromic craniofacial malformations often accompany jaw anomalies. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hand2, which is conserved among jawed vertebrates, is expressed in the neural crest in the mandibular process but not in the maxillary process of the first branchial arch. Here, we provide evidence that Hand2 is sufficient for upper jaw (maxilla)-to-mandible transformation by regulating the expression of homeobox transcription factors in mice. Altered Hand2 expression in the neural crest transformed the maxillae into mandibles with duplicated Meckel's cartilage, which resulted in an absence of the secondary palate. In Hand2-overexpressing mutants, non-Hox homeobox transcription factors were dysregulated. These results suggest that Hand2 regulates mandibular development through downstream genes of Hand2 and is therefore a major determinant of jaw identity. Hand2 may have influenced the evolutionary acquisition of the mandible and secondary palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Funato
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kokubo
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakamura
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9148, USA.,Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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48
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Ninomiya Y, Zhao W, Saga Y. GBIQ: a non-arbitrary, non-biased method for quantification of fluorescent images. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26454. [PMID: 27211912 PMCID: PMC4876397 DOI: 10.1038/srep26454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-arbitrary and non-biased quantification of fluorescent images is an essential tool for the data-centric approach to biological systems. Typical application is high-content analysis, where various phenotypic changes in cellular components and/or morphology are measured from fluorescent image data. A standard protocol to detect cellular phenotypes is cell-segmentation, in which boundaries of cellular components, such as cell nucleus and plasma membrane, are first identified to define cell segments, then acquiring various phenotypic data of each segment. To achieve reliable outcome, cell-segmentation requires manual adjustments of many parameters; this requirement could hamper automated image processing in high-throughput workflow, whose quantification must be non-arbitrary and non-biased. As a practical alternative to the segmentation-based method, we developed GBIQ (Grid Based Image Quantification), which allows comparison of cellular information without identification of single cells. GBIQ divides an image with tiles of fixed size grids and records statistics of the grids with their location coordinates, minimizing arbitrary intervenes. GBIQ requires only one parameter (size of grid) to be set; nonetheless it robustly produces results suitable for further statistical evaluation. The simplicity of GBIQ allows it to be readily implemented in an automated high-throughput image analysis workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichirou Ninomiya
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Wei Zhao
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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49
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Kato Y, Katsuki T, Kokubo H, Masuda A, Saga Y. Dazl is a target RNA suppressed by mammalian NANOS2 in sexually differentiating male germ cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11272. [PMID: 27072294 PMCID: PMC4833867 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionally conserved Nanos RNA-binding proteins play crucial roles in germ cell development. While a mammalian Nanos family protein, NANOS2, is required for sexual differentiation of male (XY) germ cells in mice, the underlying mechanisms and the identities of its target RNAs in vivo remain elusive. Using comprehensive microarray analysis and a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic system, here we identify Dazl, a germ cell-specific gene encoding an RNA-binding protein implicated in translation, as a crucial target of NANOS2. Importantly, removal of the Dazl 3'-untranslated region in XY germ cells stabilizes the Dazl mRNA, resulting in elevated meiotic gene expression, abnormal resumption of the cell cycle and impaired processing-body formation, reminiscent of Nanos2-knockout phenotypes. Furthermore, our data suggest that NANOS2 acts as an antagonist of the DAZL protein. We propose a dual system of NANOS2-mediated suppression of Dazl expression as a pivotal molecular mechanism promoting sexual differentiation of XY germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kato
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takeo Katsuki
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hiroki Kokubo
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Aki Masuda
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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50
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Hayashi Y, Nishimune H, Hozumi K, Saga Y, Harada A, Yuzaki M, Iwatsubo T, Kopan R, Tomita T. A novel non-canonical Notch signaling regulates expression of synaptic vesicle proteins in excitatory neurons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23969. [PMID: 27040987 PMCID: PMC4819173 DOI: 10.1038/srep23969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays crucial roles for cellular differentiation during development through γ-secretase-dependent intramembrane proteolysis followed by transcription of target genes. Although recent studies implicate that Notch regulates synaptic plasticity or cognitive performance, the molecular mechanism how Notch works in mature neurons remains uncertain. Here we demonstrate that a novel Notch signaling is involved in expression of synaptic proteins in postmitotic neurons. Levels of several synaptic vesicle proteins including synaptophysin 1 and VGLUT1 were increased when neurons were cocultured with Notch ligands-expressing NIH3T3 cells. Neuron-specific deletion of Notch genes decreased these proteins, suggesting that Notch signaling maintains the expression of synaptic vesicle proteins in a cell-autonomous manner. Unexpectedly, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor, but not γ-secretase inhibitor, abolished the elevation of synaptic vesicle proteins, suggesting that generation of Notch intracellular domain is dispensable for this function. These data uncover a ligand-dependent, but γ-secretase-independent, non-canonical Notch signaling involved in presynaptic protein expression in postmitotic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Hayashi
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimune
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Katsuto Hozumi
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Akihiro Harada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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