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Visconti A, Qiu H. Recent advances in serum response factor posttranslational modifications and their therapeutic potential in cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 156:107421. [PMID: 39209126 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Serum Response Factor (SRF) is a key regulatory transcription factor present in various cell types throughout the body, playing essential roles in cellular functions under physiological conditions. Mutations and abnormal expression of SRF have been linked to the development of various diseases and disorders. Recent evidence highlights that post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical for regulating SRF function in different cell types and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Targeting SRF-related PTMs is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for treating SRF-associated diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding SRF PTMs and their underlying regulatory mechanisms. We also explore the implications of SRF-PTM in related cardiovascular and neurological diseases and their potential for therapeutic intervention. This information underscores the significance of SRF PTMs in both physiological and pathological contexts, enhancing our understanding of disease mechanisms and paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Visconti
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Clinical Translational Sciences (CTS) and Bio5 Institution, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Zhou LY, Jin CX, Wang WX, Song L, Shin JB, Du TT, Wu H. Differential regulation of hair cell actin cytoskeleton mediated by SRF and MRTFB. eLife 2023; 12:e90155. [PMID: 37982489 PMCID: PMC10703445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The MRTF-SRF pathway has been extensively studied for its crucial role in driving the expression of a large number of genes involved in actin cytoskeleton of various cell types. However, the specific contribution of MRTF-SRF in hair cells remains unknown. In this study, we showed that hair cell-specific deletion of Srf or Mrtfb, but not Mrtfa, leads to similar defects in the development of stereocilia dimensions and the maintenance of cuticular plate integrity. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based hair cell RNA-Seq analysis to investigate the mechanistic underpinnings of the changes observed in Srf and Mrtfb mutants, respectively. Interestingly, the transcriptome analysis revealed distinct profiles of genes regulated by Srf and Mrtfb, suggesting different transcriptional regulation mechanisms of actin cytoskeleton activities mediated by Srf and Mrtfb. Exogenous delivery of calponin 2 using Adeno-associated virus transduction in Srf mutants partially rescued the impairments of stereocilia dimensions and the F-actin intensity of cuticular plate, suggesting the involvement of Cnn2, as an Srf downstream target, in regulating the hair bundle morphology and cuticular plate actin cytoskeleton organization. Our study uncovers, for the first time, the unexpected differential transcriptional regulation of actin cytoskeleton mediated by Srf and Mrtfb in hair cells, and also demonstrates the critical role of SRF-CNN2 in modulating actin dynamics of the stereocilia and cuticular plate, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying hair cell development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Chen-Xi Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Wen-Xiao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Jung-Bum Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Ting-Ting Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghaiChina
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Liu S, Zhao Y, Lu S, Zhang T, Lindenmeyer MT, Nair V, Gies SE, Wu G, Nelson RG, Czogalla J, Aypek H, Zielinski S, Liao Z, Schaper M, Fermin D, Cohen CD, Delic D, Krebs CF, Grahammer F, Wiech T, Kretzler M, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Bonn S, Huber TB. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals a mechanosensitive injury signaling pathway in early diabetic nephropathy. Genome Med 2023; 15:2. [PMID: 36627643 PMCID: PMC9830686 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, and histopathologic glomerular lesions are among the earliest structural alterations of DN. However, the signaling pathways that initiate these glomerular alterations are incompletely understood. METHODS To delineate the cellular and molecular basis for DN initiation, we performed single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing of renal cells from type 2 diabetes mice (BTBR ob/ob) at the early stage of DN. RESULTS Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed glucose-independent responses in glomerular cell types. The gene regulatory network upstream of glomerular cell programs suggested the activation of mechanosensitive transcriptional pathway MRTF-SRF predominantly taking place in mesangial cells. Importantly, activation of MRTF-SRF transcriptional pathway was also identified in DN glomeruli in independent patient cohort datasets. Furthermore, ex vivo kidney perfusion suggested that the regulation of MRTF-SRF is a common mechanism in response to glomerular hyperfiltration. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study presents a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic landscape of early DN, highlighting mechanosensitive signaling pathways as novel targets of diabetic glomerulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Liu
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yu Zhao
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shun Lu
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tianran Zhang
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viji Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sydney E Gies
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guochao Wu
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert G Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jan Czogalla
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hande Aypek
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zielinski
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhouning Liao
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schaper
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Damian Fermin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Delic
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian F Krebs
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Nephropathology Section, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Bishop AC, Spradling‐Reeves KD, Shade RE, Lange KJ, Birnbaum S, Favela K, Dick EJ, Nijland MJ, Li C, Nathanielsz PW, Cox LA. Postnatal persistence of nonhuman primate sex-dependent renal structural and molecular changes programmed by intrauterine growth restriction. J Med Primatol 2022; 51:329-344. [PMID: 35855511 PMCID: PMC9796938 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor nutrition during fetal development programs postnatal kidney function. Understanding postnatal consequences in nonhuman primates (NHP) is important for translation to our understanding the impact on human kidney function and disease risk. We hypothesized that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in NHP persists postnatally, with potential molecular mechanisms revealed by Western-type diet challenge. METHODS IUGR juvenile baboons were fed a 7-week Western diet, with kidney biopsies, blood, and urine collected before and after challenge. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to analyze biosamples. RESULTS Pre-challenge IUGR kidney transcriptome and urine metabolome differed from controls. Post-challenge, sex and diet-specific responses in urine metabolite and renal signaling pathways were observed. Dysregulated mTOR signaling persisted postnatally in female pre-challenge. Post-challenge IUGR male response showed uncoordinated signaling suggesting proximal tubule injury. CONCLUSION Fetal undernutrition impacts juvenile offspring kidneys at the molecular level suggesting early-onset blood pressure dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Bishop
- Center for Precision MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kimberly D. Spradling‐Reeves
- Center for Precision MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert E. Shade
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Lange
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and BioengineeringSouthwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Shifra Birnbaum
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Kristin Favela
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and BioengineeringSouthwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Edward J. Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Mark J. Nijland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
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Dinsmore CJ, Soriano P. Differential regulation of cranial and cardiac neural crest by serum response factor and its cofactors. eLife 2022; 11:e75106. [PMID: 35044299 PMCID: PMC8806183 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) is an essential transcription factor that influences many cellular processes including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. SRF directly regulates and is required for immediate early gene (IEG) and actin cytoskeleton-related gene expression. SRF coordinates these competing transcription programs through discrete sets of cofactors, the ternary complex factors (TCFs) and myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs). The relative contribution of these two programs to in vivo SRF activity and mutant phenotypes is not fully understood. To study how SRF utilizes its cofactors during development, we generated a knock-in SrfaI allele in mice harboring point mutations that disrupt SRF-MRTF-DNA complex formation but leave SRF-TCF activity unaffected. Homozygous SrfaI/aI mutants die at E10.5 with notable cardiovascular phenotypes, and neural crest conditional mutants succumb at birth to defects of the cardiac outflow tract but display none of the craniofacial phenotypes associated with complete loss of SRF in that lineage. Our studies further support an important role for MRTF mediating SRF function in cardiac neural crest and suggest new mechanisms by which SRF regulates transcription during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Dinsmore
- Department of Cell, Development and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Development and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
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Miranda MZ, Lichner Z, Szászi K, Kapus A. MRTF: Basic Biology and Role in Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116040. [PMID: 34204945 PMCID: PMC8199744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A lesser known but crucially important downstream effect of Rho family GTPases is the regulation of gene expression. This major role is mediated via the cytoskeleton, the organization of which dictates the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of a set of transcription factors. Central among these is myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), which upon actin polymerization translocates to the nucleus and binds to its cognate partner, serum response factor (SRF). The MRTF/SRF complex then drives a large cohort of genes involved in cytoskeleton remodeling, contractility, extracellular matrix organization and many other processes. Accordingly, MRTF, activated by a variety of mechanical and chemical stimuli, affects a plethora of functions with physiological and pathological relevance. These include cell motility, development, metabolism and thus metastasis formation, inflammatory responses and—predominantly-organ fibrosis. The aim of this review is twofold: to provide an up-to-date summary about the basic biology and regulation of this versatile transcriptional coactivator; and to highlight its principal involvement in the pathobiology of kidney disease. Acting through both direct transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms, MRTF plays a key (yet not fully appreciated) role in the induction of a profibrotic epithelial phenotype (PEP) as well as in fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, prime pathomechanisms in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zena Miranda
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.Z.M.); (Z.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Lichner
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.Z.M.); (Z.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.Z.M.); (Z.L.); (K.S.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - András Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.Z.M.); (Z.L.); (K.S.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Schneider R, Deutsch K, Hoeprich GJ, Marquez J, Hermle T, Braun DA, Seltzsam S, Kitzler TM, Mao Y, Buerger F, Majmundar AJ, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Kolvenbach CM, Schierbaum L, Schneider S, Halawi AA, Nakayama M, Mann N, Connaughton DM, Klämbt V, Wagner M, Riedhammer KM, Renders L, Katsura Y, Thumkeo D, Soliman NA, Mane S, Lifton RP, Shril S, Khokha MK, Hoefele J, Goode BL, Hildebrandt F. DAAM2 Variants Cause Nephrotic Syndrome via Actin Dysregulation. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1113-1128. [PMID: 33232676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of >60 monogenic causes of nephrotic syndrome (NS) has revealed a central role for the actin regulators RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 and their effectors, including the formin INF2. By whole-exome sequencing (WES), we here discovered bi-allelic variants in the formin DAAM2 in four unrelated families with steroid-resistant NS. We show that DAAM2 localizes to the cytoplasm in podocytes and in kidney sections. Further, the variants impair DAAM2-dependent actin remodeling processes: wild-type DAAM2 cDNA, but not cDNA representing missense variants found in individuals with NS, rescued reduced podocyte migration rate (PMR) and restored reduced filopodia formation in shRNA-induced DAAM2-knockdown podocytes. Filopodia restoration was also induced by the formin-activating molecule IMM-01. DAAM2 also co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with INF2, which is intriguing since variants in both formins cause NS. Using in vitro bulk and TIRF microscopy assays, we find that DAAM2 variants alter actin assembly activities of the formin. In a Xenopus daam2-CRISPR knockout model, we demonstrate actin dysregulation in vivo and glomerular maldevelopment that is rescued by WT-DAAM2 mRNA. We conclude that DAAM2 variants are a likely cause of monogenic human SRNS due to actin dysregulation in podocytes. Further, we provide evidence that DAAM2-associated SRNS may be amenable to treatment using actin regulating compounds.
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Wang Y, Pedigo CE, Inoue K, Tian X, Cross E, Ebenezer K, Li W, Wang Z, Shin JW, Schwartze E, Groener M, Ishibe S. Murine Epsins Play an Integral Role in Podocyte Function. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2870-2886. [PMID: 33051360 PMCID: PMC7790213 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epsins, a family of evolutionarily conserved membrane proteins, play an essential role in endocytosis and signaling in podocytes. METHODS Podocyte-specific Epn1, Epn2, Epn3 triple-knockout mice were generated to examine downstream regulation of serum response factor (SRF) by cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42). RESULTS Podocyte-specific loss of epsins resulted in increased albuminuria and foot process effacement. Primary podocytes isolated from these knockout mice exhibited abnormalities in cell adhesion and spreading, which may be attributed to reduced activation of cell division control protein Cdc42 and SRF, resulting in diminished β1 integrin expression. In addition, podocyte-specific loss of Srf resulted in severe albuminuria and foot process effacement, and defects in cell adhesion and spreading, along with decreased β1 integrin expression. CONCLUSIONS Epsins play an indispensable role in maintaining properly functioning podocytes through the regulation of Cdc42 and SRF-dependent β1 integrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Christopher E Pedigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth Cross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Karen Ebenezer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jee Won Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eike Schwartze
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marwin Groener
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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9
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Zhao L, Li C, Jiang W, Luan H, Zhao J, Zhang J, Xu Y. Serum response factor increases renal cell carcinoma migration and invasion through promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int J Urol 2020; 27:808-816. [PMID: 32524697 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the regulation and function of serum response factor in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma. METHODS First, bioinformatics analysis of human renal cell carcinoma tissues was carried out. Then, the expression of serum response factor, mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin) and epithelial markers (zonula occludens-1 and epithelial cadherin) was examined in 786-O cells (a human renal cell carcinoma cell line). Serum response factor was overexpressed with pcDNA-serum response factor plasmid, and suppressed by CCG-1423 (a small molecule inhibitor of serum response factor) to study how serum response factor affects epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma. A xenograft nude mouse model was established to explore whether serum response factor affected the tumorigenic ability of renal cell carcinoma cells. RESULTS Serum response factor interacted with several important differentially expressed genes in renal cell carcinoma. In 786-O cells, serum response factor, N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin were upregulated, whereas zonula occludens-1 and epithelial cadherin were downregulated. Serum response factor upregulation in 786-O cells increased the Snail expression. Serum response factor suppression reduced Snail induction, and migration and invasion in renal cell carcinoma, which decreased the xenograft tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS Serum response factor is a critical transcription factor in human renal cell carcinoma. Increased serum response factor activity induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion in 786-O cells, and facilitates the progression of renal cell carcinoma. Targeting serum response factor with CCG-1423 might be an attractive therapeutic strategy for renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Departments of, Department of, Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Departments of, Department of, Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Departments of, Department of, Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Luan
- Departments of, Department of, Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of, Nephrology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of, Breast Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Departments of, Department of, Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Li Z, Xu Y. Response by Li and Xu to Letter Regarding Article, "Megakaryocytic Leukemia 1 Bridges Epigenetic Activation of NADPH Oxidase in Macrophages to Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury". Circulation 2020; 139:e965-e966. [PMID: 31082295 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.L., Y.X.).,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, China (Z.L., Y.X.)
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.L., Y.X.).,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, China (Z.L., Y.X.)
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11
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Zhao L, Li C, Zhou B, Luo C, Wang Y, Che L, Zhao J, Xu Y. Crucial role of serum response factor in renal tubular epithelial cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hyperuricemic nephropathy. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10597-10609. [PMID: 31774735 PMCID: PMC6914413 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the regulation and function of serum response factor (SRF) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). Results: In NRK-52E cells treated with UA and renal medulla tissue samples from hyperuricemic rats, SRF, fibronectin, α-SMA and FSP-1 expression was upregulated, while ZO-1 and E-cadherin expression was downregulated. SRF upregulation in NRK-52E cells increased slug expression. Blockade of SRF by an SRF-specific siRNA or CCG-1423 reduced slug induction and protected TECs from undergoing EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Increased SRF activity promotes EMT and dysfunction in TECs in HN. Targeting SRF with CCG-1423 may be an attractive therapeutic strategy in HN. Methods: The expression of SRF, mesenchymal markers (fibronectin, α-SMA, and FSP-1), epithelial markers (ZO-1 and E-cadherin) and was examined in rat renal TECs (NRK-52E cells) or renal medulla tissue samples following uric acid (UA) treatment. SRF overexpressed with pcDNA-SRF plasmid and suppressed by CCG-1423 (a small molecule inhibitor of SRF) to study how SRF influences EMT in TECs in HN. Oxonic acid (OA) was used to establish HN in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Congjuan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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12
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Epigenetic activation of CTGF transcription by high glucose in renal tubular epithelial cells is mediated by myocardin-related transcription factor A. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:549-559. [PMID: 31773302 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) levels are up-regulated in patients with DN and in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) exposed to high glucose (HG). The underlying epigenetic mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigate the role of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) in HG-induced CTGF transcription in RTECs. We report that in two different animal models of DN, one induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection and the other induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, MRTF-A deficiency attenuated CTGF induction in the kidneys. In cultured RTECs, MRTF-A knockdown similarly ameliorated CTGF induction by HG treatment. Upon CTGF induction, there was an increase in acetylated histone H3 (AcH3) and trimethylated H3K4 (H3K4Me3) on the CTGF promoter region accompanying a decrease in dimethylated H3K9 (H3K9Me2). MRTF-A ablation in vivo or depletion in vitro comparably dampened the accumulation of AcH3 and H3K4Me3 but restored H3K9Me2 on the CTGF promoter. Further analyses revealed that MRTF-A interacted with and recruited histone demethylase KDM3A to the CTGF promoter to activate transcription. KDM3A silencing equivalently weakened HG-induced CTGF induction in RTECs. In conclusion, MRTF-A contributes to HG-induced CTGF transcription via an epigenetic mechanism.
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13
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Kong M, Hong W, Shao Y, Lv F, Fan Z, Li P, Xu Y, Guo J. Ablation of serum response factor in hepatic stellate cells attenuates liver fibrosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1521-1533. [PMID: 31435710 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Trans-differentiation, or activation, of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a hallmark event in liver fibrosis although the underlying mechanism is not fully appreciated. Serum response factor (SRF) is a pleiotropic sequence-specific transcription factor with a ubiquitous expression pattern. In the present study, we investigated the effect of HSC-specific ablation of SRF on liver fibrosis in vivo and the underlying mechanism. We report that SRF bound to the promoter regions of pro-fibrogenic genes, including collagen type I (Col1a1/Col1a2) and alpha smooth muscle actin (Acta2), with greater affinity in activated HSCs compared to quiescent HSCs. Ablation of SRF in HSCs in vitro downregulated the expression of fibrogenic genes by dampening the accumulation of active histone marks. SRF also interacted with MRTF-A, a well-documented co-factor involved in liver fibrosis, on the pro-fibrogenic gene promoters during HSC activation. In addition, SRF directly regulated MRTF-A transcription in activated HSCs. More importantly, HSC conditional SRF knockout (CKO) mice developed a less robust pro-fibrogenic response in the liver in response to CCl4 injection and BDL compared to wild-type littermates. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that SRF may play an essential role in HSC activation and liver fibrosis. KEY MESSAGES: • SRF deficiency decelerates activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro. • SRF epigenetically activates pro-fibrogenic transcription to promote HSC maturation. • SRF interacts with MRTF-A and contributes to MRTF-A transcription. • Conditional SRF deletion in HSCs attenuates BDL-induced liver fibrosis in mice. • Conditional SRF ablation in HSCs attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenxuan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Fangqiao Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
| | - Junli Guo
- Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
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14
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Kong M, Chen X, Lv F, Ren H, Fan Z, Qin H, Yu L, Shi X, Xu Y. Serum response factor (SRF) promotes ROS generation and hepatic stellate cell activation by epigenetically stimulating NCF1/2 transcription. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101302. [PMID: 31442911 PMCID: PMC6831835 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is a hallmark event in liver fibrosis. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) serves as a driving force for HSC activation. The regulatory subunits of the NOX complex, NCF1 (p47phox) and NCF2 (p67phox), are up-regulated during HSC activation contributing to ROS production and liver fibrosis. The transcriptional mechanism underlying NCF1/2 up-regulation is not clear. In the present study we investigated the role of serum response factor (SRF) in HSC activation focusing on the transcriptional regulation of NCF1/2. We report that compared to wild type littermates HSC-conditional SRF knockout (CKO) mice exhibited a mortified phenotype of liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) injection or feeding with a methionine-and-choline deficient diet (MCD). More importantly, SRF deletion attenuated ROS levels in HSCs in vivo. Similarly, SRF knockdown in cultured HSCs suppressed ROS production in vitro. Further analysis revealed that SRF deficiency resulted in repression of NCF1/NCF2 expression. Mechanistically, SRF regulated epigenetic transcriptional activation of NCF1/NCF2 by interacting with and recruiting the histone acetyltransferase KAT8 during HSC activation. In conclusion, we propose that SRF integrates transcriptional activation of NCF1/NCF2 and ROS production to promote liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangqiao Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and the Municipal Laboratory of Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Department of Hepato-biliary Surgery and Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Hepato-biliary Surgery and Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Hepato-biliary Surgery and Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
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15
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Zhao D, Liu Z, Zhang H. The protective effect of the TUG1/miR‑197/MAPK1 axis on lipopolysaccharide‑induced podocyte injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:49-56. [PMID: 31115515 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The podocyte, a type of glomerular epithelial cell, is the key constituent of the filtration barrier layer in the kidney. Previous studies have shown that long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA)‑taurine‑upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) served a protective role in diabetes‑induced podocyte damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of TUG1 in the progress of podocyte injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and explore the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that TUG1 expression was suppressed in LPS‑induced podocytes. Enhanced TUG1 expression by exogenous recombinant vector regulated the expression of podocyte associated proteins [Nephrin, Podocin and CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein (CHOP)]. A marked decrease was observed in the level the albumin influx in cells transfected with TUG1. Further study indicated that microRNA (miR)‑197 is a potential target of TUG1. The enhanced level of miR‑197 induced by LPS was inhibited in cells transfected with TUG1. The decreased Nephrin and Podocin expression, upregulated CHOP expression and the increased albumin influx were slightly enhanced by miR‑197 mimic transfection, while markedly suppressed by miR‑197 inhibitor transfection in LPS‑induced podocytes. Mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein was predicted as a potential target of miR‑197. The downregulated expression of phosphorylated‑MAPK/MAPK induced by LPS was significantly suppressed by TUG1 transfection in podocytes. In addition to this, autophagy was promoted by TUG1 transfection via the elevation of the Beclin1 and light chain (LC)3 II/LC3 I levels, and suppressing p62 expression. However, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reversed the changes that TUG1 induced in the levels of Beclin1, LC3 II/LC3 I and p62. Taken together, these results demonstrated that LPS‑induced podocyte injury could be alleviated by the TUG1/miR‑197/MAPK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Nephropathy and Diabetes Mellitus, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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16
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Li N, Kong M, Zeng S, Xu Z, Li M, Hong W, Chu X, Sun X, Zhu M, Xu Y. The chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 regulates APAP-induced liver injury by modulating CYP3A11 transcription in hepatocyte. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3487-3495. [PMID: 30293568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose represents the most frequent cause of acute liver failure. The underlying epigenetic mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study we investigated the mechanism whereby the chromatin remodeling protein brahma related gene 1 (Brg1) regulates APAP induced liver injury in mice. We report that hepatocyte-specific deletion of Brg1 attenuated APAP induced liver injury in mice as evidenced by reduced plasma ALT and AST levels, decreased liver necrosis, amelioration of GSH depletion, and prolonged survival. Brg1 regulated APAP-induced liver injury likely by stimulating the transcription of Cyp3a11, a key cytochrome enzyme involved in APAP metabolism. Immunoprecipitation coupled with DNA affinity microarray identified hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) as a novel binding partner for Brg1. HNF4 recruited Brg1 to the Cyp3a11 promoter and formed a complex with Brg1 to trans-activate Cyp3a11. In contrast, BRG1 deficiency attenuated HNF4 binding to the Cyp3a11 promoter and dampened Cyp3a11 transcription. Therefore, our data suggest that Brg1 might play an essential role mediating APAP induced liver injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxuan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehui Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xitai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
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17
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Liu L, Wu X, Xu H, Yu L, Zhang X, Li L, Jin J, Zhang T, Xu Y. Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) contributes to acute kidney injury by regulating macrophage ROS production. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3109-3121. [PMID: 29908908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A host of pathogenic factors induce acute kidney injury (AKI) leading to insufficiencies of renal function. In the present study we evaluated the role of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) in the pathogenesis of AKI. We report that systemic deletion of MRTF-A or inhibition of MRTF-A activity with CCG-1423 significantly attenuated AKI in mice induced by either ischemia-reperfusion or LPS injection. Of note, MRTF-A deficiency or suppression resulted in diminished renal ROS production in AKI models with down-regulation of NAPDH oxdiase 1 (NOX1) and NOX4 expression. In cultured macrophages, MRTF-A promoted NOX1 transcription in response to either hypoxia-reoxygenation or LPS treatment. Interestingly, macrophage-specific MRTF-A deletion ameliorated AKI in mice. Mechanistic analyses revealed that MRTF-A played a role in regulating histone H4K16 acetylation surrounding the NOX gene promoters by interacting with the acetyltransferase MYST1. MYST1 depletion repressed NOX transcription in macrophages. Finally, administration of a MYST1 inhibitor MG149 alleviated AKI in mice. Therefore, we data illustrate a novel epigenetic pathway that controls ROS production in macrophages contributing to AKI. Targeting the MRTF-A-MYST1-NOX axis may yield novel therapeutic strategies to combat AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianliang Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Renal Medicine, Jiangsu Remin Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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