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Bărar AA, Pralea IE, Maslyennikov Y, Munteanu R, Berindan-Neagoe I, Pîrlog R, Rusu I, Nuțu A, Rusu CC, Moldovan DT, Potra AR, Tirinescu D, Ticala M, Elec FI, Iuga CA, Kacso IM. Minimal Change Disease: Pathogenetic Insights from Glomerular Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5613. [PMID: 38891801 PMCID: PMC11171934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying podocyte dysfunction in minimal change disease (MCD) remains unknown. This study aimed to shed light on the potential pathophysiology of MCD using glomerular proteomic analysis. Shotgun proteomics using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) renal biopsies from two groups of samples: control (CTR) and MCD. Glomeruli were excised from FFPE renal biopsies using laser capture microdissection (LCM), and a single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation (SP3) digestion method was used to improve yield and protein identifications. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a distinct separation between the CTR and MCD groups. Forty-eight proteins with different abundance between the two groups (p-value ≤ 0.05 and |FC| ≥ 1.5) were identified. These may represent differences in podocyte structure, as well as changes in endothelial or mesangial cells and extracellular matrix, and some were indeed found in several of these structures. However, most differentially expressed proteins were linked to the podocyte cytoskeleton and its dynamics. Some of these proteins are known to be involved in focal adhesion (NID1 and ITGA3) or slit diaphragm signaling (ANXA2, TJP1 and MYO1C), while others are structural components of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton of podocytes (ACTR3 and NES). This study suggests the potential of mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomic analysis with LCM glomeruli to yield valuable insights into the pathogenesis of podocytopathies like MCD. The most significantly dysregulated proteins in MCD could be attributable to cytoskeleton dysfunction or may be a compensatory response to cytoskeleton malfunction caused by various triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada Alina Bărar
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Ioana-Ecaterina Pralea
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Yuriy Maslyennikov
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Radu Pîrlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Ioana Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea Nuțu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Crina Claudia Rusu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Diana Tania Moldovan
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Alina Ramona Potra
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Dacian Tirinescu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Maria Ticala
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Florin Ioan Elec
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ina Maria Kacso
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
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Sachs W, Blume L, Loreth D, Schebsdat L, Hatje F, Koehler S, Wedekind U, Sachs M, Zieliniski S, Brand J, Conze C, Florea BI, Heppner F, Krüger E, Rinschen MM, Kretz O, Thünauer R, Meyer-Schwesinger C. The proteasome modulates endocytosis specifically in glomerular cells to promote kidney filtration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1897. [PMID: 38429282 PMCID: PMC10907641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney filtration is ensured by the interaction of podocytes, endothelial and mesangial cells. Immunoglobulin accumulation at the filtration barrier is pathognomonic for glomerular injury. The mechanisms that regulate filter permeability are unknown. Here, we identify a pivotal role for the proteasome in a specific cell type. Combining genetic and inhibitor-based human, pig, mouse, and Drosophila models we demonstrate that the proteasome maintains filtration barrier integrity, with podocytes requiring the constitutive and glomerular endothelial cells the immunoproteasomal activity. Endothelial immunoproteasome deficiency as well as proteasome inhibition disrupt the filtration barrier in mice, resulting in pathologic immunoglobulin deposition. Mechanistically, we observe reduced endocytic activity, which leads to altered membrane recycling and endocytic receptor turnover. This work expands the concept of the (immuno)proteasome as a control protease orchestrating protein degradation and antigen presentation and endocytosis, providing new therapeutic targets to treat disease-associated glomerular protein accumulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Blume
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Desiree Loreth
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schebsdat
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Favian Hatje
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sybille Koehler
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
- Nephrology, III Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uta Wedekind
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlies Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zieliniski
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Brand
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Bogdan I Florea
- Bio-Organic Synthesis Group, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Heppner
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
- Nephrology, III Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
- Nephrology, III Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Thünauer
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy (TPLM), University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Advanced Light and Fluorescence Microscopy (ALFM) Facility at the Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Okabe M, Koike K, Yamamoto I, Tsuboi N, Matsusaka T, Yokoo T. Early growth response 1 as a podocyte injury marker in human glomerular diseases. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad289. [PMID: 38186896 PMCID: PMC10768762 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In human glomerular diseases, visualizing podocyte injury is desirable since podocytes do not regenerate and podocyte injury leads to podocyte loss. Herein, we investigated the utility of immunostaining for early growth response 1 (EGR1), which is expressed in injured podocytes from the early stages of injury in animal experiments, as a podocyte injury marker in human glomerular diseases. Methods This study included 102 patients with biopsy-proven glomerular diseases between 2018 and 2021. The proportion of EGR1 expression in podocytes (%EGR1pod) was analyzed in relation to clinical and histopathological features, including glomerular and urinary podocyte-specific markers. Results %EGR1pod correlated significantly with the urinary protein:creatinine ratio, urinary nephrin and podocin mRNA levels, and glomerular podocin staining (rho = 0.361, 0.514, 0.487 and -0.417, respectively; adjusted P = .002, <.001, <.001 and <.001, respectively). Additionally, %EGR1pod correlated with cellular/fibrocellular crescents (rho = 0.479, adjusted P <.001). %EGR1pod was high in patients with glomerulonephritis, such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), lupus nephritis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis, and in those with podocytopathies, such as membranous nephropathy and primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, while %EGR1pod was low in patients with minimal change disease. In a subgroup analysis of IgAN, %EGR1pod was higher in Oxford C1 patients than in C0 patients. However, unexpectedly, patients with higher %EGR1pod were more prone to attain proteinuria remission, suggesting that EGR1 in the context of IgAN reflects reversible early injury. Conclusions Our findings indicate that EGR1 is a promising potential marker for identifying active early podocyte injury in human glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koike
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Departments of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Koehler S, Huber TB. Insights into human kidney function from the study of Drosophila. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3875-3887. [PMID: 37171583 PMCID: PMC10584755 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological and biomedical research using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism has gained recognition through several Nobel prizes within the last 100 years. Drosophila exhibits several advantages when compared to other in vivo models such as mice and rats, as its life cycle is very short, animal maintenance is easy and inexpensive and a huge variety of transgenic strains and tools are publicly available. Moreover, more than 70% of human disease-causing genes are highly conserved in the fruit fly. Here, we explain the use of Drosophila in nephrology research and describe two kidney tissues, Malpighian tubules and the nephrocytes. The latter are the homologous cells to mammalian glomerular podocytes and helped to provide insights into a variety of signaling pathways due to the high morphological similarities and the conserved molecular make-up between nephrocytes and podocytes. In recent years, nephrocytes have also been used to study inter-organ communication as links between nephrocytes and the heart, the immune system and the muscles have been described. In addition, other tissues such as the eye and the reproductive system can be used to study the functional role of proteins being part of the kidney filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Koehler
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Bai W, Huo S, Li J, Yang Y, Zhou G, Shao J. Proteomic analysis of Biliverdin protected cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20525. [PMID: 37993477 PMCID: PMC10665369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliverdin, a heme metabolite, has been previously reported to alleviate cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the alterations of brain proteome profiles underlying this treatment remain elusive. The objective of this study is to analyze the differential protein expression profile in cerebral cortex of rats involved in anti-CIRI effects of Biliverdin, providing experimental foundation for searching specific marker proteins. Rat model of MCAO/R was established, HE staining, TTC staining, TUNEL staining, and neurological behavioral examination, corner turning test, adhesive removal test, were performed to validate the effects of Biliverdin, and the results indicated that Biliverdin plays a significant role in alleviating CIRI. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of brain tissues of rats subjected to CIRI following Biliverdin treatment was performed using an integrated TMT-based quantitative proteomic approach coupled with LC-MS/MS technology to clarify the comprehensive mechanisms of Biliverdin in CIRI. First, we conducted strict quality control data for TMT experiments. Finally, a total of 7366 proteins were identified, of which 95 proteins were differentially expressed (DEPs) between the CIRI group and the Sham group and 52 between the CIRI and BV groups. In addition, two overlapping proteins among the 147 DEPs, Atg4c and Camlg, were validated by RT-qPCR and western blotting, and their levels were consistent with the results of TMT analysis. Taken together, the current findings firstly mapped comprehensive proteomic changes after CIRI treated with Biliverdin, providing a foundation for developing potentially therapeutic targets of anti-CIRI of Biliverdin and clinically prognostic biomarkers of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Huo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Lausecker F, Koehler S, Fresquet M, Naylor RW, Tian P, Wanner N, Braun F, Butt L, Huber TB, Lennon R. Integrating basic science with translational research: the 13th International Podocyte Conference 2021. Kidney Int 2022; 102:708-719. [PMID: 35964799 PMCID: PMC9386279 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 13th International Podocyte Conference was held in Manchester, UK, and online from July 28 to 30, 2021. Originally planned for 2020, this biannual meeting was postponed by a year because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and proceeded as an innovative hybrid meeting. In addition to in-person attendance, online registration was offered, and this attracted 490 conference registrations in total. As a Podocyte Conference first, a day for early-career researchers was introduced. This premeeting included talks from graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. It gave early career researchers the opportunity to ask a panel, comprising academic leaders and journal editors, about career pathways and the future for podocyte research. The main meeting over 3 days included a keynote talk and 4 focused sessions each day incorporating invited talks, followed by selected abstract presentations, and an open panel discussion. The conference concluded with a Patient Day, which brought together patients, clinicians, researchers, and industry representatives. The Patient Day was an interactive and diverse day. As well as updates on improving diagnosis and potential new therapies, the Patient Day included a PodoArt competition, exercise and cooking classes with practical nutrition advice, and inspirational stories from patients and family members. This review summarizes the exciting science presented during the 13th International Podocyte Conference and demonstrates the resilience of researchers during a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sybille Koehler
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maryline Fresquet
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard W Naylor
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Pinyuan Tian
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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7
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Koehler S, Huber TB, Denholm B. A protective role for <i>Drosophila</i> Filamin in nephrocytes via Yorkie mediated hypertrophy. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101281. [PMID: 35922155 PMCID: PMC9351128 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the kidney glomerulus and are an essential part of the filtration barrier. Because of their position, they are exposed to constant biomechanical forces such as shear stress and hydrostatic pressure. These forces increase during disease, resulting in podocyte injury. It is likely podocytes have adaptative responses to help buffer against deleterious mechanical force and thus reduce injury. However, these responses remain largely unknown. Here, using the <i>Drosophila</i> model, we show the mechanosensor Cheerio (dFilamin) provides a key protective role in nephrocytes. We found expression of an activated mechanosensitive variant of Cheerio rescued filtration function and induced compensatory and hypertrophic growth in nephrocytes depleted of the nephrocyte diaphragm proteins Sns or Duf. Delineating the protective pathway downstream of Cheerio we found repression of the Hippo pathway induces nephrocyte hypertrophy, whereas Hippo activation reversed the Cheerio-mediated hypertrophy. Furthermore, we find Yorkie was activated upon expression of active Cheerio. Taken together, our data suggest that Cheerio acts via the Hippo pathway to induce hypertrophic growth, as a protective response in abnormal nephrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Koehler
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barry Denholm
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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8
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Kruse ARS, Spraggins JM. Uncovering Molecular Heterogeneity in the Kidney With Spatially Targeted Mass Spectrometry. Front Physiol 2022; 13:837773. [PMID: 35222094 PMCID: PMC8874197 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.837773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney functions through the coordination of approximately one million multifunctional nephrons in 3-dimensional space. Molecular understanding of the kidney has relied on transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of kidney homogenate, but these approaches do not resolve cellular identity and spatial context. Mass spectrometry analysis of isolated cells retains cellular identity but not information regarding its cellular neighborhood and extracellular matrix. Spatially targeted mass spectrometry is uniquely suited to molecularly characterize kidney tissue while retaining in situ cellular context. This review summarizes advances in methodology and technology for spatially targeted mass spectrometry analysis of kidney tissue. Profiling technologies such as laser capture microdissection (LCM) coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry provide deep molecular coverage of specific tissue regions, while imaging technologies such as matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) molecularly profile regularly spaced tissue regions with greater spatial resolution. These technologies individually have furthered our understanding of heterogeneity in nephron regions such as glomeruli and proximal tubules, and their combination is expected to profoundly expand our knowledge of the kidney in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. S. Kruse
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Spraggins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey M. Spraggins,
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9
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Jehn U, Bayraktar S, Pollmann S, Van Marck V, Weide T, Pavenstädt H, Brand E, Lenders M. α-Galactosidase a Deficiency in Fabry Disease Leads to Extensive Dysregulated Cellular Signaling Pathways in Human Podocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111339. [PMID: 34768768 PMCID: PMC8583658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is caused by mutations in the α-galactosidase A (GLA) gene encoding the lysosomal AGAL enzyme. Loss of enzymatic AGAL activity and cellular accumulation of sphingolipids (mainly globotriaosylcermide) may lead to podocyturia and renal loss of function with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in affected patients. To identify dysregulated cellular pathways in FD, we established a stable AGAL-deficient podocyte cell line to perform a comprehensive proteome analysis. Imbalanced protein expression and function were analyzed in additional FD cell lines including endothelial, epithelial kidney, patient-derived urinary cells and kidney biopsies. AGAL-deficient podocytes showed dysregulated proteins involved in thermogenesis, lysosomal trafficking and function, metabolic activity, cell-cell interactions and cell cycle. Proteins associated with neurological diseases were upregulated in AGAL-deficient podocytes. Rescues with inducible AGAL expression only partially normalized protein expression. A disturbed protein expression was confirmed in endothelial, epithelial and patient-specific cells, pointing toward fundamental pathway disturbances rather than to cell type-specific alterations in FD. We conclude that a loss of AGAL function results in profound changes of cellular pathways, which are ubiquitously in different cell types. Due to these profound alterations, current approved FD-specific therapies may not be sufficient to completely reverse all dysregulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Jehn
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.J.); (S.B.); (T.W.); (H.P.)
| | - Samet Bayraktar
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.J.); (S.B.); (T.W.); (H.P.)
| | - Solvey Pollmann
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, Interdisciplinary Fabry Center (IFAZ), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Veerle Van Marck
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Thomas Weide
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.J.); (S.B.); (T.W.); (H.P.)
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.J.); (S.B.); (T.W.); (H.P.)
| | - Eva Brand
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, Interdisciplinary Fabry Center (IFAZ), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Malte Lenders
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, Interdisciplinary Fabry Center (IFAZ), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.P.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-8348-104
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10
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Wang Y, Niu A, Pan Y, Cao S, Terker AS, Wang S, Fan X, Toth CL, Ramirez Solano MA, Michell DL, Contreras D, Allen RM, Zhu W, Sheng Q, Fogo AB, Vickers KC, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Profile of Podocyte Translatome During Development of Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy Using Podocyte-Specific TRAP mRNA RNA-seq. Diabetes 2021; 70:2377-2390. [PMID: 34233930 PMCID: PMC8576501 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is important in development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although several studies have reported single-cell-based RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of podocytes in type 1 DN (T1DN), the podocyte translating mRNA profile in type 2 DN (T2DN) has not previously been compared with that of T1DN. We analyzed the podocyte translatome in T2DN in podocin-Cre; Rosa26fsTRAP; eNOS-/-; db/db mice and compared it with that of streptozotocin-induced T1DN in podocin-Cre; Rosa26fsTRAP; eNOS-/- mice using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) and RNA-seq. More than 125 genes were highly enriched in the podocyte ribosome. More podocyte TRAP genes were differentially expressed in T2DN than in T1DN. TGF-β signaling pathway genes were upregulated, while MAPK pathway genes were downregulated only in T2DN, while ATP binding and cAMP-mediated signaling genes were downregulated only in T1DN. Genes regulating actin filament organization and apoptosis increased, while genes regulating VEGFR signaling and glomerular basement membrane components decreased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic podocytes. A number of diabetes-induced genes not previously linked to podocyte injury were confirmed in both mouse and human DN. On the basis of differences and similarities in the podocyte translatome in T2DN and T1DN, investigators can identify factors underlying the pathophysiology of DN and novel therapeutic targets to treat diabetes-induced podocyte injury.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Protein Biosynthesis/genetics
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteome/genetics
- Proteome/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Seq
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Streptozocin
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Shirong Cao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Andrew S Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Cynthia L Toth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Marisol A Ramirez Solano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Danielle Contreras
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
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11
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De Vriese AS, Wetzels JF, Glassock RJ, Sethi S, Fervenza FC. Therapeutic trials in adult FSGS: lessons learned and the road forward. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:619-630. [PMID: 34017116 PMCID: PMC8136112 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is not a specific disease entity but a lesion that primarily targets the podocyte. In a broad sense, the causes of the lesion can be divided into those triggered by a presumed circulating permeability factor, those that occur secondary to a process that might originate outside the kidneys, those caused by a genetic mutation in a podocyte or glomerular basement membrane protein, and those that arise through an as yet unidentifiable process, seemingly unrelated to a circulating permeability factor. A careful attempt to correctly stratify patients with FSGS based on their clinical presentation and pathological findings on kidney biopsy is essential for sound treatment decisions in individual patients. However, it is also essential for the rational design of therapeutic trials in FSGS. Greater recognition of the pathophysiology underlying podocyte stress and damage in FSGS will increase the likelihood that the cause of an FSGS lesion is properly identified and enable stratification of patients in future interventional trials. Such efforts will facilitate the identification of effective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- An S De Vriese
- Division of Nephrology and Infectious Diseases, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge, Brugge, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jack F Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Glassock
- Department of Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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12
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Hatje FA, Wedekind U, Sachs W, Loreth D, Reichelt J, Demir F, Kosub C, Heintz L, Tomas NM, Huber TB, Skuza S, Sachs M, Zielinski S, Rinschen MM, Meyer-Schwesinger C. Tripartite Separation of Glomerular Cell Types and Proteomes from Reporter-Free Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2175-2193. [PMID: 34074698 PMCID: PMC8729851 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020091346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glomerulus comprises podocytes, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells, which jointly determine glomerular filtration. Understanding this intricate functional unit beyond the transcriptome requires bulk isolation of these cell types for biochemical investigations. We developed a globally applicable tripartite isolation method for murine mesangial and endothelial cells and podocytes (timMEP). METHODS We separated glomerular cell types from wild-type or mT/mG mice via a novel FACS approach, and validated their purity. Cell type proteomes were compared between strains, ages, and sex. We applied timMEP to the podocyte-targeting, immunologic, THSD7A-associated, model of membranous nephropathy. RESULTS timMEP enabled protein-biochemical analyses of podocytes, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells derived from reporter-free mice, and allowed for the characterization of podocyte, endothelial, and mesangial proteomes of individual mice. We identified marker proteins for mesangial and endothelial proteins, and outlined protein-based, potential communication networks and phosphorylation patterns. The analysis detected cell type-specific proteome differences between mouse strains and alterations depending on sex, age, and transgene. After exposure to anti-THSD7A antibodies, timMEP resolved a fine-tuned initial stress response, chiefly in podocytes, that could not be detected by bulk glomerular analyses. The combination of proteomics with super-resolution imaging revealed a specific loss of slit diaphragm, but not of other foot process proteins, unraveling a protein-based mechanism of podocyte injury in this animal model. CONCLUSION timMEP enables glomerular cell type-resolved investigations at the transcriptional and protein-biochemical level in health and disease, while avoiding reporter-based artifacts, paving the way toward the comprehensive and systematic characterization of glomerular cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favian A. Hatje
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uta Wedekind
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Desiree Loreth
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Reichelt
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fatih Demir
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christopher Kosub
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Heintz
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola M. Tomas
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sinah Skuza
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlies Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zielinski
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus M. Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Höhfeld J, Benzing T, Bloch W, Fürst DO, Gehlert S, Hesse M, Hoffmann B, Hoppe T, Huesgen PF, Köhn M, Kolanus W, Merkel R, Niessen CM, Pokrzywa W, Rinschen MM, Wachten D, Warscheid B. Maintaining proteostasis under mechanical stress. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52507. [PMID: 34309183 PMCID: PMC8339670 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival, tissue integrity and organismal health depend on the ability to maintain functional protein networks even under conditions that threaten protein integrity. Protection against such stress conditions involves the adaptation of folding and degradation machineries, which help to preserve the protein network by facilitating the refolding or disposal of damaged proteins. In multicellular organisms, cells are permanently exposed to stress resulting from mechanical forces. Yet, for long time mechanical stress was not recognized as a primary stressor that perturbs protein structure and threatens proteome integrity. The identification and characterization of protein folding and degradation systems, which handle force-unfolded proteins, marks a turning point in this regard. It has become apparent that mechanical stress protection operates during cell differentiation, adhesion and migration and is essential for maintaining tissues such as skeletal muscle, heart and kidney as well as the immune system. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of mechanical stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Höhfeld
- Institute for Cell BiologyRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms University BonnBonnGermany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports MedicineGerman Sport UniversityCologneGermany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell BiologyRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms University BonnBonnGermany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports MedicineGerman Sport UniversityCologneGermany
- Department for the Biosciences of SportsInstitute of Sports ScienceUniversity of HildesheimHildesheimGermany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain CenterMedical FacultyRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms UniversityBonnGermany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI‐2: MechanobiologyForschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for GeneticsCologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) and CMMCUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA3Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
- CECADUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Institute of Biology IIIFaculty of Biology, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- LIMES‐InstituteRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms University BonnBonnGermany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI‐2: MechanobiologyForschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology and CECADUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | | | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine and Aarhus Institute of Advanced StudiesAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate ImmunityUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Institute of Biology IIFaculty of Biology, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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14
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Deleersnijder D, Van Craenenbroeck AH, Sprangers B. Deconvolution of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Pathophysiology Using Transcriptomics Techniques. GLOMERULAR DISEASES 2021; 1:265-276. [PMID: 36751384 PMCID: PMC9677714 DOI: 10.1159/000518404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a histopathological pattern of renal injury and comprises a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions with different pathophysiology, clinical course, prognosis, and treatment. Nevertheless, subtype differentiation in clinical practice often remains challenging, and we currently lack reliable diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. The advent of new transcriptomics techniques in kidney research poses great potential in the identification of gene expression biomarkers that can be applied in clinical practice. Summary Transcriptomics techniques have been completely revolutionized in the last 2 decades, with the evolution from low-throughput reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization techniques to microarrays and next-generation sequencing techniques, including RNA-sequencing and single-cell transcriptomics. The integration of human gene expression profiles with functional in vitro and in vivo experiments provides a deeper mechanistic insight into the candidate genes, which enable the development of novel-targeted therapies. The correlation of gene expression profiles with clinical outcomes of large patient cohorts allows for the development of clinically applicable biomarkers that can aid in diagnosis and predict prognosis and therapy response. Finally, the integration of transcriptomics with other "omics" modalities creates a holistic view on disease pathophysiology. Key Messages New transcriptomics techniques allow high-throughput gene expression profiling of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The integration with clinical outcomes and fundamental mechanistic studies enables the discovery of new clinically useful biomarkers that will finally improve the clinical outcome of patients with FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Deleersnijder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Sprangers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,*Ben Sprangers,
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15
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Yu X, Guo L, Deng X, Yang F, Tian Y, Liu P, Xu F, Zhang Z, Huang Y. Attenuation of doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage in rat brain by regulating amino acid homeostasis with Astragali Radix. Amino Acids 2021; 53:893-901. [PMID: 33945017 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system disorders caused by doxorubicin (DOX) are among the severe adverse effects that dramatically reduce the quality of life of cancer survivors. Astragali Radix (AR), a popular herbal drug and dietary supplement, is believed to help treat brain diseases by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Here we show the protective effects of AR against DOX-induced oxidative damage in rat brain via regulating amino acid homeostasis. By constructing a clinically relevant low-dose DOX-induced toxicity rat model, we first performed an untargeted metabolomics analysis to discover specific metabolic features in the brain after DOX treatment and AR co-treatment. It was found that the amino acid (AA) metabolism pathways altered most significantly. To accurately characterize the brain AA profile, we established a sensitive, fast, and reproducible hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of 22 AAs. The targeted analysis further confirmed the changes of AAs between different groups of rat brain. Specifically, the levels of six AAs, including glutamate, glycine, serine, alanine, citrulline, and ornithine, correlated (Pearson |r| > 0.47, p < 0.05) with the brain oxidative damage that was caused by DOX and rescued by AR. These findings present that AAs are among the regulatory targets of DOX-induced brain toxicity, and AR is a promising therapeutic agent for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Linling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peifang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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16
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Koehler S, Rinschen MM. A stressed barrier left behind: stochastic podocyte ablation triggers secondary injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F866-F869. [PMID: 33779312 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00109.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Koehler
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Okabe M, Yamamoto K, Miyazaki Y, Motojima M, Ohtsuka M, Pastan I, Yokoo T, Matsusaka T. Indirect podocyte injury manifested in a partial podocytectomy mouse model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F922-F933. [PMID: 33719575 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00602.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In progressive glomerular diseases, segmental podocyte injury often expands, leading to global glomerulosclerosis by unclear mechanisms. To study the expansion of podocyte injury, we established a new mosaic mouse model in which a fraction of podocytes express human (h)CD25 and can be injured by the immunotoxin LMB2. hCD25+ and hCD25- podocytes were designed to express tdTomato and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), respectively, which enabled cell sorting analysis of podocytes. After the injection of LMB2, mosaic mice developed proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Not only tdTomato+ podocytes but also EGFP+ podocytes were decreased in number and showed damage, as evidenced by a decrease in nephrin and an increase in desmin at both protein and RNA levels. Transcriptomics analysis found a decrease in the glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 gene and an increase in the thrombospondin 4, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β genes in EGFP+ podocytes; these genes may be candidate mediators of secondary podocyte damage. Pathway analysis suggested that focal adhesion, integrin-mediated cell adhesion, and focal adhesion-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling are involved in secondary podocyte injury. Finally, treatment of mosaic mice with angiotensin II receptor blocker markedly ameliorated secondary podocyte injury. This mosaic podocyte injury model has distinctly demonstrated that damaged podocytes cause secondary podocyte damage, which may be a promising therapeutic target in progressive kidney diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This novel mosaic model has demonstrated that when a fraction of podocytes is injured, other podocytes are subjected to secondary injury. This spreading of injury may occur ubiquitously irrespective of the primary cause of podocyte injury, leading to end-stage renal failure. Understanding the molecular mechanism of secondary podocyte injury and its prevention is important for the treatment of progressive kidney diseases. This model will be a powerful tool for studying the indirect podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyazaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Motojima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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18
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Liu JR, Miao H, Deng DQ, Vaziri ND, Li P, Zhao YY. Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolism mediates renal fibrosis by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:909-922. [PMID: 32965514 PMCID: PMC11073292 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has a crucial effect on regulating the intestinal mucosal immunity and maintaining intestinal homeostasis both in health and in disease state. Many effects are mediated by gut microbiota-derived metabolites and tryptophan, an essential aromatic amino acid, is considered important among many metabolites in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the host. Kynurenine, serotonin, and indole derivatives are derived from the three major tryptophan metabolism pathways modulated by gut microbiota directly or indirectly. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a cytoplasmic ligand-activated transcription factor involved in multiple cellular processes. Tryptophan metabolites as ligands can activate AHR signaling in various diseases such as inflammation, oxidative stress injury, cancer, aging-related diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Accumulated uremic toxins in the body fluids of CKD patients activate AHR and affect disease progression. In this review, we will elucidate the relationship between gut microbiota-derived uremic toxins by tryptophan metabolism and AHR activation in CKD and its complications. This review will provide therapeutic avenues for targeting CKD and concurrently present challenges and opportunities for designing new therapeutic strategies against renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Liu
- Faculty of Life Science, & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science, & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - De-Qiang Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Urumqi Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 590 Fridenly South Road, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Nephrology, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science, & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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19
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Rinschen MM, Saez-Rodriguez J. The tissue proteome in the multi-omic landscape of kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:205-219. [PMID: 33028957 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidney research is entering an era of 'big data' and molecular omics data can provide comprehensive insights into the molecular footprints of cells. In contrast to transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics generate data that relate more directly to the pathological symptoms and clinical parameters observed in patients. Owing to its complexity, the proteome still holds many secrets, but has great potential for the identification of drug targets. Proteomics can provide information about protein synthesis, modification and degradation, as well as insight into the physical interactions between proteins, and between proteins and other biomolecules. Thus far, proteomics in nephrology has largely focused on the discovery and validation of biomarkers, but the systematic analysis of the nephroproteome can offer substantial additional insights, including the discovery of mechanisms that trigger and propagate kidney disease. Moreover, proteome acquisition might provide a diagnostic tool that complements the assessment of a kidney biopsy sample by a pathologist. Such applications are becoming increasingly feasible with the development of high-throughput and high-coverage technologies, such as versatile mass spectrometry-based techniques and protein arrays, and encourage further proteomics research in nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany.,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Concerted EP2 and EP4 Receptor Signaling Stimulates Autocrine Prostaglandin E 2 Activation in Human Podocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051256. [PMID: 32438662 PMCID: PMC7290667 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular hyperfiltration is an important mechanism in the development of albuminuria. During hyperfiltration, podocytes are exposed to increased fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) in Bowman’s space. Elevated Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis and upregulated cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) are associated with podocyte injury by FFSS. We aimed to elucidate a PGE2 autocrine/paracrine pathway in human podocytes (hPC). We developed a modified liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) protocol to quantify cellular PGE2, 15-keto-PGE2, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 levels. hPC were treated with PGE2 with or without separate or combined blockade of prostaglandin E receptors (EP), EP2, and EP4. Furthermore, the effect of FFSS on COX2, PTGER2, and PTGER4 expression in hPC was quantified. In hPC, stimulation with PGE2 led to an EP2- and EP4-dependent increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and COX2, and induced cellular PGE2. PTGER4 was downregulated after PGE2 stimulation in hPC. In the corresponding LC/ESI-MS/MS in vivo analysis at the tissue level, increased PGE2 and 15-keto-PGE2 levels were observed in isolated glomeruli obtained from a well-established rat model with glomerular hyperfiltration, the Munich Wistar Frömter rat. COX2 and PTGER2 were upregulated by FFSS. Our data thus support an autocrine/paracrine COX2/PGE2 pathway in hPC linked to concerted EP2 and EP4 signaling.
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