The effect of mouth rinses on the color stability of sonicfill and a nanohybrid composite

Effect of Different Mouthwashes on Stain Susceptibility of Resin Composite in Contact with Beverages

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of common mouthwashes on the color change of a nanohybrid composite and its further stain susceptibility to Coke and coffee. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty composite discs were prepared and initial color values were measured using a spectrophotometer. The specimens were grouped based on the 24h exposure to common mouthwashes including Listerine, chlorhexidine, two types of fluoride mouthwashes (alcohol free and alcohol containing) as well as distilled water as control (N=30). The color change (ΔE1) values were calculated to show the amount of color change caused by mouthwashes. Subsequently, the specimens in each group were subdivided and immersed in the secondary colorant solution (coffee, Coke and, distilled water) for seven days. The total color change (ΔE total) values were obtained to show the stain susceptibility. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The calculated ΔE1 of resin composite was significantly higher for all mouthwash groups than that of the control group; however, all were in the clinically acceptable range. Exposure to Listerine and distilled water caused more staining effects compared to other mouthwashes after immersion in secondary colorant solutions. Regardless of primary mouthwash type, coffee and distilled water caused the highest and the least total discolorations, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: All mouthwashes caused a clinically acceptable color change in resin composite; however, further stain susceptibility depended on the mouthwashes but was not higher than distilled water.

Effect of mouthwashes on the microhardness of aesthetic composite restorative materials

BACKGROUND

Mouthwashes are increasingly being used worldwide. However, these preparations are known to have a negative impact on composite resin dental restorations. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of mouthwashes on the microhardness of such restorations.

METHODS

Thirty specimens of Tetric N-Ceram composite were prepared. Each composite specimen was cured for 40 seconds and kept in saline solution for 24 hours at 37 °C. Baseline microhardness of each specimen was recorded using an Innovatest Vickers Micro Hardness Tester. Composite specimens were randomly placed in 20 mL of the selected mouthwashes (Colgate® Plax, Listerine® Teeth & Gum Defence, and Closeup® Antibacterial Mouthwash Cool Breeze) and stored in an incubator for 24 hours at 37 °C. Next, microhardness values were rechecked. pH measurements were recorded for each type of mouthwash using a digital pH meter.

RESULTS

Due to the acidic nature of Colgate® and Listerine®, the microhardness of the restorations decreased with these mouthwashes; Listerine® caused the greatest decrease in microhardness and had the lowest pH reading (4.34). For Closeup®, with a neutral pH (7.02), no negative effect on microhardness was found; on the contrary, due to the presence of zinc in this latter mouthwash, an increase of the microhardness was found.

CONCLUSIONS

We confirm the negative effect of acidic mouthwashes on the microhardness of composite dental restorations.

Spectrophotometric analysis of color stability of esthetic restorative material in chlorhexidine mouthwash: An in vitro study

Background

Commendable aesthetic properties of composites make it a pioneer filling material. However, discoloration of composite resin materials emerges as a major clinical problem in a long term.

Aims and Objectives

Aim of the study is to evaluate the color stability of nano filled and micro hybrid dental composite resin in chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Materials and Methods

20 specimens of dimension 10*2mm were prepared of A2 shade. All the prepared samples were immersed in 20 ml of distilled water in separate containers according to the group. Further incubation at 37°C for 24 h was done. After 24 h, baseline color values of each sample were recorded using a spectrophotometer. After recording the baseline color measurements, 10 specimens (random selection) from each group were placed in 20 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash for 24 h duration. The L*a*b* system of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE L*a*b* Color Scale) was used for the determination of colorimetric values of the specimens.

Results

The color change was displayed by both the samples after immersion in the mouthwash but the change was not statistically significant (0.763). ΔE value for nano filled composites is 3.25 while for the micro-hybrid composites the value is 3.56.

Conclusion

The colorimetric values of nano filled composite resins are more stable than the micro hybrid composite due to exposure to chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Effect of Mouthwashes for COVID-19 Prevention on Surface Changes of Resin Composites

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of various mouthwashes for COVID-19 prevention on surface hardness, roughness, and colour changes of bulk-fill and conventional resin composites and determine the pH and titratable acidity of mouthwashes.

METHODS

Four hundred eighty specimens were fabricated in cylindrical moulds (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness). Before immersion, baseline data of surface hardness, roughness, and colour values were recorded. Each product of specimens (Filtek Z350XT, Premise, Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, SonicFil 2) were divided into 4 groups for 0.2% povidone iodine, 1% hydrogen peroxide, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and deionised water (serving as a control). The specimens were immersed in mouthwashes for 1 minute and then stored in artificial saliva until 24 hours. This process was repeated for 14 days. After immersion, surface hardness, roughness, and colour values of specimens were measured at 7 and 14 days. The data were statistically analysed by 2-way repeated analysis of variance, Tukey honestly significant difference, and t test (P < .05).

RESULTS

After immersion, all mouthwashes caused significantly lower surface hardness and greater roughness and colour values (P < .05) on all resin composites tested.

CONCLUSIONS

Mouthwashes had an effect on all resin composites evaluated leading to a significant decreased surface hardness and an increased roughness and colour values (P < .05).

ANTİ-HALİTOSİS GARGARALARININ REZİN BAZLI RESTORATİF DENTAL MATERYALLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Amaç: Bu in-vitro çalışmanın amacı anti-halitosis etkili beş farklı ağız gargarasının iki farklı restoratif materyalin renk stabilitesi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine olan etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada nano-hibrit (Filtek Z550, 3M ESPE) ve giomer (Beautifill II, Shofu Dental) yapıda olan iki çeşit reçine bazlı restoratif materyal kullanılmıştır. Her iki materyalden test edilmek üzere toplam 120 adet kompozit disk üretici talimatları doğrultusunda 10x2mm ebatlarında silindir kalıplar kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Rastgele seçilen örnekler, 5 farklı ağız gargarası (Listerine Fresh Burst, Listerine Total Care, Colgate Plax, Oderol, Halitosil) ve 1 kontrol grubunda (distile su) bekletilmek üzere toplam 6 farklı gruba ayrılmıştır. Başlangıç renk koordinatları CIELAB renk sistemine göre spektrofotometre (Easyshade Compact) ile yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri (Ra) ise kontakt profilometre (Surtronic 25) ile ölçülmüştür. Tüm örnekler 37°C'de ağız gargaralarında 12boyunca bekletilmiş ardından renk ve pürüzlülük ölçüm prosedürleri aynı şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 24.0 programı ile Kruskal-Wallis H ve Bonferroni Post Hoc testleri kullanılarak 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış olmadığını göstermiştir. Ağız gargaralarında bekletilen Beautifil II materyallerinin tamamında CIELAB değerlerinde önemli bir değişiklik olmuştur (P

Color stability of resin-based composites: Staining procedures with liquids-A narrative review

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to review the experimental staining procedures performed in in-vitro studies for evaluating color stability of resin-based composites used for direct restorations.

OVERVIEW

A review was performed with the purpose to identify in vitro procedures carried out to establish staining and color stability of resin-based composites used for direct restorations. A literature search was performed on four online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science) for articles published from January 1st 2001 till March 20th 2021, using a combination of free words and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms: "Composite Resins" AND "Color Stability" OR "Staining." Two reviewers screened titles and/or abstracts of 1728 unique studies. In total, 208 studies were selected for full-text reading, from which 178 were included in the review. The assessed variables were specimen dimensions, shape, and surface finishing; time before immersion; staining media type, dwell time, temperature and renewal interval; type of composite; color and translucency assessment parameters and measuring system. One hundred and seventy-eight articles analyzed color stability with staining liquids. Coffee was the most used staining medium (n = 102), followed by tea (n = 61), and red wine (n = 55). A disc-shaped specimen was used in most studies (n = 170) with a 2 mm thickness (n = 116). Spectrophotometers were the most used color assessment devices (n = 154), followed by colorimeters (n = 17). Color differences were quantified with ΔE (n = 154), ΔE00 (n = 23). Acceptability and or perceptibility thresholds were also taken into consideration (n = 126).

CONCLUSIONS

The large variety of staining procedure suggests the need for standardization.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Aesthetic failure due to discoloration is a relevant clinical problem. Evaluating benefits and drawbacks of resin based composites artificial staining procedures will improve to predict materials clinical performances.

Effect of Modeling Resins on Microhardness of Resin Composites

Objectives  This study was aimed to determine the effects of modeling resins on the surface microhardness of composites.

Materials and Methods  Six resin-based composites (Charisma Smart, Estellite Asteria, CeramX-One SphereTEC, Admira Fusion, Filtek Ultimate, and Clearfil Majesty Es-2) and three wetting agents (Modeling Liquid, Composite Primer, and Modeling Resin) were investigated. In all, 240 specimens were prepared, and wetting agents were applied prior to light curing in the experimental groups. After 24 hours, specimens were polished and Vickers microhardness (VHN) values were measured.

Statistical Analysis  Shapiro–Wilk and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for analyses ( p < 0.05).

Results  Both modeling resin and composites were determined to be effective factors ( p < 0.001). The control group showed the highest VHN (70.37 ± 7.94), followed by Modeling Liquid (64.68 ± 12.07), Composite Primer (59.84 ± 6.33), and Modeling Resin (58 ± 3.52 ^b ; p < 0.001). Filtek Ultimate showed the highest VHN (76.62 ± 9.78 ^c ), whereas Charisma Smart (58.87 ± 7.95), and Clearfil Majesty (67.27 ± 2.58) showed the lowest ( p < 0.001). Clearfil Majesty–Modeling Liquid (46.62 ± 5.33) and Charisma Smart–Composite Primer (50.81 ± 0.39) combinations showed the lowest VHN, whereas Filtek Ultimate–control (87.15 ± 2.12) and Filtek Ultimate–Modeling Liquid (84.24 ± 3.11) showed the highest ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion  All tested modeling resins decreased VHN value, and the amount of reduction varied among composites and wetting agents. It might be safer not to use wetting agents unless they are necessary.

Effect of mouthwashes on the integrity of composite resin and resin modified glass ionomer: In vitro study

Background

The constant search for an improved esthetic dental material has led investigators to realize that its performance depends on the conditions where the material is used. It has been probed that the contact with mouth rinses triggers alterations, reason why the aim of this study was to identify their possible effects of it on the integrity of nanohybrid composite resin and resin modified glass ionomer.

Material and Methods

A total of 144 samples were manufactured with two nanohybrid composite resins and two resin modified glass ionomer restorative materials. The specimens were immersed in one of the three mouthwashes used in the study, for a total of 1092 minutes, with intervals of contact with artificial saliva. This strategy simulates three years of constant use of mouthwashes. The samples weight and surface roughness measurement was recorded with a precision scale and profilometer, at different stages: At the beginning of the study, after 546 minutes (simulating one and a half year), and after 1092 minutes (simulating three years).

Results

The collected data on surface roughness and weight were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), with repeated measures of three factors. The results determined shifts in values in terms of weight and roughness in all the samples. The composite resin “Grandio” group was the one that showed bigger shifts, while the glass ionomer group “Vitremer” showed stability on its structure. The evaluated mouthwashes displayed similar behavior between each other.

Conclusions

The use of mouthwashes triggered changes on the structure of both dental materials: composite resin and resin modified glass ionomer mostly associated with surface roughness.

Key words:Glass ionomer, composite resin, mouthwash, roughness, degradation.