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Elkady M, Abdelhakim S, Riad M. The clinical performance of dental resin composite repeatedly preheated: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Dent 2024; 144:104940. [PMID: 38490324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical performance of class II restorations performed by repeatedly preheated resin composite "RC" at 68 °C up to ten times. METHODS 105 patients were selected and randomized into three groups, each comprising 35 patients. Each patient was provided with a single class II Bulk-fill resin composite "BF-RC" posterior restoration based on the number of preheating cycles; group I (H0): The BF-RC was packed non-heated, group II (H1): BF-RC preheated once, and group III(H10): BF-RC preheated ten cycles. These restorations were evaluated at 1, 3,6, and 12 months, using the modified United States Public Health Service "USPHS". Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann Whitney U test, and Friedmann test, where p = 0.05. RESULTS All the 105 restorations did not suffer from any clinical situation that recommended replacement regarding retention, fracture, secondary caries, or anatomical form. Although all performed restorations did have Alpha and Bravo scores with good clinical performance, the non-preheated RC restorations"" suffered from relatively inferior clinical performance through the follow-up period regarding marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, and color matching when compared to preheated groups. One and ten times of preheating conducted better clinical performance. CONCLUSIONS After 12-months follow-up, although no restoration needed replacement or repair in the 3 tested groups, restorations with single and ten times of preheating aided in better clinical performance of RC restorations compared to the non-preheated restorations. Preheating of RC for 10 times could be used safely with good clinical performance of restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE By continually preheating RC syringe up to ten times, the dentist will not only benefit from the enhanced clinical performance and easiness of application but also will use preheated RC syringes without hesitation, relying on the absence of drawbacks related to multiple preheating cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elkady
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Safaa Abdelhakim
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Mona Riad
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, 11 El-Saraya St, Cairo UniversityManial, Cairo 11553, Egypt.
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Elkady M, Abdelhakim SH, Riad M. Impact of repeated preheating of bulk-fill resin composite on postoperative hypersensitivity; a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:453. [PMID: 38622629 PMCID: PMC11017642 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This clinical study was conducted aiming to evaluate the impact of repeated preheating of bulk-fill resin composite on postoperative hypersensitivity. METHODS A total of 105 eligible, consenting adults were recruited. Patients had posterior teeth suffering from proximal decay with no signs of irreversible pulpitis. Patients were prepared for Class II restorations and restored with bulk-fill resin composite. Patients were randomized into three groups of 35 patients according to the number of preheating cycles for the resin composite syringe used; group I: no preheating; control group at room temperature, group II: Resin composite preheated once, and group III: Resin composite preheated ten cycles. Patients were assessed for postoperative dentin hypersensitivity using the visual analogue scale (VAS) at three-time intervals: day one, one week and by the end of one month after restorative treatment. Statistical analysis was performed; ANOVA with a single factor was used to test for significance at a p value ≤ 0.05. For nonparametric data, the Kruskal‒Wallis test was used to compare the three testing groups. Friedman's test was used to study the changes within each group. Dunn's test was used for pairwise comparisons when the Kruskal‒Wallis test or Friedman's test was significant. RESULTS The scores of the three groups through the three time intervals were almost zero except for the first day where VAS scores were recorded with maximum score of 3 for groups I and II. Groups II and III; there was no statistically significant change in hypersensitivity scores by time with P-values 0.135 and 0.368, respectively. However, for group I there was a significant difference from VAS score recorded on first day and the two following time intervals. CONCLUSION The repeated preheating cycles of bulk-fill resin composite prior to curing had no adverse effect on the patients regarding postoperative dentin hypersensitivity. This information could be of utmost significance, as the same resin composite syringe can undergo numerous preheating cycles clinically before it is completely consumed with the advantage of improvement on the handling properties. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol of the current study was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov , with the identification number NCT05289479 on 21/03/2022. All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Egypt, under the approval number 73/440 on 11/09/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elkady
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Mona Riad
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Elawsya ME, Montaser MA, El-Wassefy NAM, Zaghloul NM. Two-year clinical performance of dual- and light-cure bulk-fill resin composites in Class ӀӀ restorations: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:138. [PMID: 38321228 PMCID: PMC10847201 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the clinical performance of dual- and light-cure bulk-fill resin composites (BFRCs) in Class ӀӀ restorations after 2 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A double-blinded, prospective, randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted following the CONSORT (Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials) guidelines. Forty patients were enrolled in the study. Each patient received three compound Class ӀӀ restorations. One dual-cure (Fill-Up; Coltene Waledent AG) and two light-cure (QuiXfil; Dentsply, and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill; Ivoclar Vivadent) BFRCs were used for 120 Class ӀӀ restorations. A universal adhesive (ONE COAT 7 UNIVERSAL; Coltene Waledent AG) was used with all restorations. Restorations were clinically evaluated after 1 week (baseline), 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and finally after 24 months using the FDI World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison between BFRCs groups at baseline and at each recall period, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparing different follow-up times of each BFRC to baseline. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS All BFRCs restorations showed only minor changes and revealed no statistically significant differences between their clinical performance for all evaluated parameters at all recall periods; also, there was no statistically significant difference between all recall periods and baseline for all evaluated parameters. CONCLUSION The two-year clinical performance of dual-cure BFRC was comparable to light-cure BFRCs in Class ӀӀ restorations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dual- and light-cure BFRCs showed excellent clinical performance in Class ӀӀ restorations after a 2-year clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elshirbeny Elawsya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Algomhoria Street, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Aldakhlia, Egypt.
| | - Marmar Ahmed Montaser
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Algomhoria Street, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Aldakhlia, Egypt
| | - Noha Abdel-Mawla El-Wassefy
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura National University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nadia Mohamed Zaghloul
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Algomhoria Street, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Aldakhlia, Egypt
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Çakır Kılınç NN, Demirbuğa S. The influence of different placement techniques on the clinical success of bulk-fill resin composites placed in Class II cavities: a 4-year randomized controlled clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:541-57. [PMID: 36222961 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this double-blind and split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical success of the placement technique (bulk-filling and incremental techniques) of a bulk-fill resin composite in Class II carious lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two different bulk-fill resin composites, X-tra fil (Voco) and Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE), were used in the bulk-filling and incremental techniques for 20 patients. The study was carried out in 4 groups, with 20 restorations in each group. Restorations were appraised at baseline, 6-month, 2-year, and 4-year recall. World Dental Federation (FDI) and the US Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria were used in the evaluations. The Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS At the end of year 4, there was no loss of restoration in any group. According to the USPHS and FDI criteria, there was a difference in the baseline and 4-year in marginal adaptation and marginal discoloration of the restorations (P < 0.05). When Filtek-Bulk was placed as an incremental technique, there was a minor fracture in four restorations (P > 0.05). In addition, Filtek-Bulk showed a color change according to the results based on both the USPHS and FDI criteria (P < 0.05). The difference between the two placement techniques of each resin composite was not significant at the year 4 recall when all criteria were evaluated (P ˃ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 4-year clinical success of the evaluated bulk-fill composites is not dependent on the placement technique used. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study can help clinicians choose which technique (bulk fill and incremental techniques) bulk-fill composites can be used. TRIAL REGISTRATION US National Library of Medicine, www. CLINICALTRIALS gov , ID: NCT04565860 Registered on 10/09/2020. Clinical Evaluation of Bulk-fill resin Composites in Class II Restorations.
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Tanthanuch S, Kukiattrakoon B, Naiyanart C, Promtong T, Yothinwatthanabamrung P, Pumpua S. Effect of Mouthwashes for COVID-19 Prevention on Surface Changes of Resin Composites. Int Dent J 2022:S0020-6539(22)00230-1. [PMID: 36443136 PMCID: PMC9581797 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of various mouthwashes for COVID-19 prevention on surface hardness, roughness, and colour changes of bulk-fill and conventional resin composites and determine the pH and titratable acidity of mouthwashes. METHODS Four hundred eighty specimens were fabricated in cylindrical moulds (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness). Before immersion, baseline data of surface hardness, roughness, and colour values were recorded. Each product of specimens (Filtek Z350XT, Premise, Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, SonicFil 2) were divided into 4 groups for 0.2% povidone iodine, 1% hydrogen peroxide, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and deionised water (serving as a control). The specimens were immersed in mouthwashes for 1 minute and then stored in artificial saliva until 24 hours. This process was repeated for 14 days. After immersion, surface hardness, roughness, and colour values of specimens were measured at 7 and 14 days. The data were statistically analysed by 2-way repeated analysis of variance, Tukey honestly significant difference, and t test (P < .05). RESULTS After immersion, all mouthwashes caused significantly lower surface hardness and greater roughness and colour values (P < .05) on all resin composites tested. CONCLUSIONS Mouthwashes had an effect on all resin composites evaluated leading to a significant decreased surface hardness and an increased roughness and colour values (P < .05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boonlert Kukiattrakoon
- Corresponding author. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Kanchanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Aidaros NH, Abdou A. Effect of contamination of bulk-fill flowable resin composite with different contaminants during packing on its surface microhardness and compressive strength: in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:446. [PMID: 36253744 PMCID: PMC9575198 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proper isolation and restoration of class V subgingival cavities are technique sensitive, thus the resin composite restoration is liable to contamination. This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the surface microhardness and compressive strength of bulk-fill flowable resin composite after being contaminated during its packing. Methods Resin composite discs were prepared using split mold. The contaminated specimens were allocated into four groups (n = 20) according to the contaminant used: hemostatic agent (Group 1), alcohol (Group 2), artificial saliva (Group 3) and powdered gloves (Group 4). The non-contaminated specimens (n = 20) were used as control group. The surface microhardness and compressive strength of each group were tested 1-day post-photocuring (n = 5) and 1 month post-photocuring (n = 5). Values were presented as mean, standard deviation values and confidence intervals. Results The surface microhardness of all groups didn’t show a significant difference for different tested groups except for alcohol which showed a significant reduction on surface microhardness compared to control at 1 day post-photocuring (p = 0.001). The highest compressive strength mean values at 1 day and 1 month post-photocuring were recorded in control groups (110.42 MPa and 172.87 MPa respectively), followed by alcohol groups, then hemostatic agent groups, followed by artificial saliva with the least value recorded in powdered gloves groups (56.71 MPa and 49.5 MPa respectively).
Conclusions Contamination of bulk-fill flowable resin composite with hemostatic agent, alcohol, artificial saliva, or powdered gloves during its packing decreased its compressive strength after 1 month post-photocuring rather than affecting its surface microhardness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02495-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Hassan Aidaros
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Industrial Zone, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Division of Biomaterials, Prosthetic Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, El Tur, South Sinai, Egypt
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de Oliveira NG, Espíndola-Castro LF, Rocha JC, de Barros Albuquerque AP, de Melo Rêgo MJB, de Melo Monteiro GQ, de Vasconcelos Carvalho M. Influence of the self-adhering strategy on microhardness, sorption, solubility, color stability, and cytotoxicity compared to bulk-fill and conventional resin composites. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6663-6670. [PMID: 35916952 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze and compare, in vitro, the microhardness, sorption, solubility, color stability, and cytotoxicity of three types of resin composites: self-adhesive (SARC) (Dyad Flow (DF)/Kerr), bulk-fill (Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (FBF)/3 M ESPE), and conventional (Filtek Z350XT Flow (Z350)/3 M ESPE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty cylindrical specimens were prepared using a split metal mold (15 mm × 1 mm), divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the material used. Vickers hardness (VH) was calculated from three indentations (300gf/15 s) per specimen. The sorption and solubility were measured according to the ISO 4049:2009 specification after storing in distilled water for 7 days. The color of each resin composite was measured using a portable digital spectrophotometer according to the CIELAB system. After a 7-day immersion in coffee, the color variation (∆E) was calculated. Following the ISO 10993:2012, the cytotoxicity in Vero cells was evaluated through the MTT assay. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the studied groups. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the assessments in each studied group. For cytotoxicity analysis, the data were compared by the ANOVA test (α = 0.05). RESULTS DF showed the lowest VH (28.67), highest sorption (0.543 µg/mm3) and solubility (1.700 µg/mm3), and higher ∆E after 7 days of coffee immersion (p = 0.008). The resin composites studied were considered non-cytotoxic. CONCLUSIONS The SARC presented inferior mechanical and physical-chemical properties than bulk-fill and conventional resin composites, with comparable cytotoxicity against Vero cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The simplification of the clinical protocol of SARC can minimize the number of possible failures during the restorative technique. However, considering their inferior physical and mechanical properties, their coverage with materials of higher mechanical properties and physical-chemical stability should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Gomes de Oliveira
- Dental School, University of Pernambuco (FOP/UPE), Avenida Professor Luís Freire, 700, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-540, Brazil.
| | - Luís Felipe Espíndola-Castro
- Dental School, University of Pernambuco (FOP/UPE), Avenida Professor Luís Freire, 700, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Julliana Carvalho Rocha
- Dental School, University of Pernambuco (Campus Arcoverde), Estrada Para Sítio Deserto, Arcoverde, PE, 1940, Brazil
| | | | - Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Queiroz de Melo Monteiro
- Dental School, University of Pernambuco (FOP/UPE), Avenida Professor Luís Freire, 700, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Marianne de Vasconcelos Carvalho
- Dental School, University of Pernambuco (FOP/UPE), Avenida Professor Luís Freire, 700, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-540, Brazil
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Yang J, Algamaiah H, Watts DC. Spatio-temporal temperature fields generated coronally with bulk-fill resin composites: A thermography study. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1237-1247. [PMID: 34144795 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of (i) a high-irradiance (3s) light-curing protocol versus (ii) two standard-irradiance (10s) protocols on 2D temperature maps during intra-dental photo-irradiation within a molar cavity restored with either Ultra-Rapid Photo-Polymerized Bulk Fill (URPBF) composites or a pre-heated thermo-viscous bulk-fill composite, compared to a standard bulk-fill resin-based-composite (RBC). The specific objectives included visual assessment of the temperature maps and quantitative assessment of several temperature/time plots at four different locations. METHODS A caries-free lower first molar cavity served as a natural tooth mold. Resin composites were placed without intermediary adhesive. Two URPBF composites (PFill; PFlow) and one pre-heated thermo-viscous bulk-fill composite (Viscalor: VC) were compared to a contemporary bulk-fill composite (One Bulk Fill: OBF). Two LED-LCU devices were used: Bluephase PowerCure (PC) and Elipar S10 (S10), with three light-irradiation protocols (PC-3s, PC-10s and S10-10s). 2D temperature maps over the entire coronal area were recorded for 120 s during and after irradiation using a thermal imaging camera. Changes at four different levels were selected from the data sets: (0, 2 and 4 mm from the cavity top and at 1 mm below the dentin cavity floor). The maximum temperature attained (Tmax), the mean temperature rise (ΔT), the time (s) to reach maximum temperature and the integrated areas (°C s) under the temperature/time (T/t) plots were identified. Data were analysed via three-way ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, independent t-tests and Tukey post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS All RBCs showed qualitatively similar temperature-time profiles. PFlow reached Tmax in the shortest time. PC-3s (3000 mW/cm2) generated comparable ΔT to S10-10s, except with PFill, where ΔT was greater. Despite the same irradiance (1200 mW/cm2), Elipar S10 led to higher Tmax and ΔT compared to PC-10s. The highest Tmax and ΔT were observed at the 2 mm level, and the lowest were at 1 mm depth into the underlying dentin. SIGNIFICANCE Coronal 2D temperature maps showed rises largely confined within the bulk-fill RBC materials, with maxima at 2 mm rather than 4 mm depth indicating some extent of thermal insulation for the underlying dentin and pulp. RBCs polymerized via different irradiation protocols showed similar temperature changes. With the PC-3s protocol - also with pre-heated VC - minimal temperature rises at 1 mm within dentin suggest their clinical safety when sufficient remaining dentin thickness is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hamad Algamaiah
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - David C Watts
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Yazici AR, Kutuk ZB, Ergin E, Karahan S, Antonson SA. Six-year clinical evaluation of bulk-fill and nanofill resin composite restorations. Clin Oral Investig 2021. [PMID: 34110494 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the performance of a bulk-fill and a nanofill resin composite in class II restorations after 6 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients having at least two class II carious lesions were recruited for the study. One lesion in each patient was randomly assigned to be restored using either the Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TB) or Filtek Ultimate (FU) resin composites with their respective adhesives. One hundred four restorations were placed by two calibrated operators. Restorations were evaluated at baseline and annually over the course of 6 years by two examiners using modified USPHS criteria. Data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square and Cochran Q tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Sixty-six restorations in 33 patients were evaluated after 6 years. Only one restoration was lost from FU group at 5 years. At the end of 6 years, marginal discoloration was observed in three (9.1%) TB and eight (36.4%) FU restorations creating a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05). The FU group showed a significant increase in marginal discoloration at 6 years from the baseline (p < 0.05). Marginal adaptation was rated as Bravo for 9.1% and 24.2% of TB and FU restorations, respectively (p > 0.05). Significant degradation was observed within each group in terms of marginal adaptation (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for the other criteria tested (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Bulk-fill restorations performed better for marginal discoloration. The remaining clinical performance criteria of bulk-fill and nanofill resin composite restorations were similar after 6 years. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bulk-fill resin might be a better alternative to incrementally placed restorative in terms of marginal discoloration under clinical conditions.
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Nair P, Ilie N. The long-term consequence of salivary contamination at various stages of adhesive application and clinically feasible remedies to decontaminate. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:4413-4426. [PMID: 32519235 PMCID: PMC7666679 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the bond quality in dentine post-ageing after salivary contamination and decontamination at different stages of dental adhesive application. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1120 human dentine specimens were randomly allocated to 14 groups for four intervals (n = 20) to be treated with a self-etching (SE) and universal (U) adhesive. The saliva contamination and decontamination were implemented after surface preparation, after primer application (for SE) and after adhesive curing. The decontamination groups were either rinsed and air-dried or rinsed, air-dried and reapplied with adhesive. They were stored (37 °C, distilled water) for four intervals (1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 1 year) and subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. RESULT One-way ANOVA with Tukey's test (α = 0.05) revealed significant reduction in SBS in all the groups in U adhesive compared with the control group at 1 week (p < 0.0001) and in SE when the contamination took place after primer application. However, decontamination improved the SBS in SE but not in U adhesive. The univariate analysis confirmed significant influences (p < 0.0001) seen by treatment procedure ([Formula: see text]=0.075), type of adhesive ([Formula: see text] = 0.328), ageing ([Formula: see text] = 0.13), experimental groups ([Formula: see text] = 0.518), and the stage of influence ([Formula: see text] = 0.60). CONCLUSION Saliva contamination is detrimental after primer application in SE but, decontamination regained the SBS and maintained it over time. In U adhesive, SBS deteriorated over time irrespective of the contamination. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Salivary contamination showed different influences on SBS at various stages of restoration with contemporary dental adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Nair
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Ersen KA, Gürbüz Ö, Özcan M. Evaluation of polymerization shrinkage of bulk-fill resin composites using microcomputed tomography. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1687-1693. [PMID: 31346784 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the influence of cavity depth on polymerization shrinkage of bulk-fill resin composites with and without adhesive resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized box-shaped cavities (width, 4 mm; length, 5 mm, depth, 2 mm or 4 mm) were made on occlusal surfaces of extracted human third molars (N = 60). The teeth were assigned to 3 groups to receive bulk-fill resin composites (low-viscosity bulk-fill, SDR; high-viscosity bulk-fill; Filtek Bulk-Fill-FB; and TetricEvo Ceram Bulk-Fill-TB) in the prepared cavities with and without adhesive resin (Clearfil S3 Bond). Each specimen (n = 5 per group) was scanned twice using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT): once after application of the resin composite to the cavity prior to polymerisation and once after polymerisation. The shrinkage of volumetric loss (%) was measured using micro-CT. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS The material type (p < 0.05), application of adhesive resin (p < 0.05) and cavity depth (p < 0.05) significantly affected the shrinkage values. The interaction terms were also significant (p < 0.05). All the bulk-fill resin composites tested showed significantly less shrinkage when applied in cavities with adhesive resin (0.94-2.55) compared with those without (2.01-3.45) (p < 0.05) and presented significantly more shrinkage after polymerisation (p < 0.05). At a 2-mm cavity depth without (2 mm, 2.28; 4 mm, 2.41) and with adhesive (2 mm, 0.94; 4 mm, 1.67), significantly less shrinkage was observed with FB compared with SDR and TB (p < 0.05). At a 4-mm cavity depth without (3.14) and with adhesive (2.55), SDR showed significantly higher shrinkage compared with FB and TB (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The bulk-fill composites tested presented less shrinkage when used in conjunction with adhesive resin application on dentin. Overall, the low-viscosity bulk-fill resin SDR showed more shrinkage compared with high-viscosity resins tested. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Low- or high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites should be applied on dentin after application of adhesive resin to decrease shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye Aybüke Ersen
- School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Esenler Medipol Hospital, Istanbul Medipol University, Birlik Mah. Bahçeler Cad. No: 5, Esenler, 34230, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Özge Gürbüz
- School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Esenler Medipol Hospital, Istanbul Medipol University, Birlik Mah. Bahçeler Cad. No: 5, Esenler, 34230, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Dental Materials Unit, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Tsujimoto A, Nagura Y, Barkmeier WW, Watanabe H, Johnson WW, Takamizawa T, Latta MA, Miyazaki M. Simulated cuspal deflection and flexural properties of high viscosity bulk-fill and conventional resin composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 87:111-118. [PMID: 30056308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the simulated cuspal deflection and flexural properties of high viscosity bulk-fill and conventional resin composites. METHODS Seven high viscosity bulk-fill resin composites and eight conventional resin composites were used. Aluminum blocks (10 mm x 8 mm x 15 mm) with a mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity [4 (W) mm x 8 (L) mm x 4 (D) mm] were prepared and randomly divided into groups for different measurement techniques [micrometer vs CSLM] and further subdivided according to type of resin composite (high viscosity bulk-fill vs conventional resin composite). The simulated cuspal deflection resulting from the polymerization of resin composite bonded to a precisely machined MOD cavity within an aluminum block was measured with either a novel highly accurate submicron digimatic micrometer (MDH-25 M, Mitsutoyo, Tokyo, Japan) or a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM, VK-9710, Keyence, Tokyo, Japan) cuspal measurement method. In addition, flexural properties of tested resin composites were measured to investigate the relationship between simulated cuspal deflection and flexural properties. Scanning electron microscopy observation of tested resin composites was also conducted. RESULTS The simulated cuspal deflection of high viscosity bulk-fill resin composites was similar to that of conventional resin composites, regardless of measurement method. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the micrometer and CLSM cuspal measurement methods. There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in flexural strength and elastic modulus depending on the material, regardless of the type of resin composite. Pearson correlation analysis did not show any statistically significant (p < 0.05) relationship between flexural properties and cuspal deflection. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that high viscosity bulk-fill resin composites show similar cuspal deflection with bulk-filling techniques, to those shown by conventional resin composites with incremental filling techniques. Simulated cuspal deflection can be measured using either a micrometer or CLSM, but this experiment failed to show any relationship between the flexural properties and simulated cuspal deflection of resin composites. SIGNIFICANCE High viscosity bulk-fill resin composites produce the same level of cuspal deflection as a conventional incrementally filled resin composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuko Nagura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wayne W Barkmeier
- Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hidehiko Watanabe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William W Johnson
- Department of Adult Restorative Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Toshiki Takamizawa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mark A Latta
- Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Masashi Miyazaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Ilie N. Sufficiency of curing in high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites with enhanced opacity. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:747-755. [PMID: 29777311 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aims analyzing if improved opacity in modern high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites (BF-RBC) contradicts with the sufficiency of curing and to assess material's tolerance to less ideal curing conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Simulated large cavities (10 × 6) mm were filled in one increment with three BF-RBCs (Filtek One, FO; Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill, TEC-BF; SonicFill2, SF2). One central and two peripheral (4 mm apart from the center) micromechanical property line-profiles (HV, Vickers hardness; YHU, indentation modulus) were measured in 0.2-mm steps at 24 h post-polymerization (n = 6). Depth of cure (DOC) was calculated from the HV variation in depth. A scratch test (DOCscratch test) estimated the tolerance in polymerization when simulating clinically relevant curing conditions (exposure distance up to 7 mm; centered and with a 3-mm offset placement of the LCU). Irradiance and spectral distribution of the used light curing unit (LCU) were assessed at various curing conditions. RESULTS DOC varied among 3.6 mm (SF2, peripheral) and 5.7 mm (FO, central). The BF-RBC influences DOC stronger (p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.616) than the width (p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.398). Significant lower DOC (t test) was measured peripheral compared to center in all materials. YHU was more sensitive to the varied parameters as HV. DOCscratch test varied among 2.4 mm (SF2, 3-mm offset, exposure distance 7 mm) and 3.9 mm (FO, center, 0 mm). CONCLUSIONS Whether opacity competes with DOC is material dependent. BF-RBCs tolerate small variations in LCU's centricity better than variations in exposure distance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The upper incremental thickness threshold of 4 or 5 mm was not reached in all BF-RBCs under simulated clinically relevant curing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestr. 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Kim EH, Jung KH, Son SA, Hur B, Kwon YH, Park JK. Effect of resin thickness on the microhardness and optical properties of bulk-fill resin composites. Restor Dent Endod 2015; 40:128-35. [PMID: 25984474 PMCID: PMC4432255 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2015.40.2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effects of the resin thickness on the microhardness and optical properties of bulk-fill resin composites. METHODS Four bulk-fill (Venus Bulk Fill, Heraeus Kulzer; SDR, Dentsply Caulk; Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar vivadent; SonicFill, Kerr) and two regular resin composites (Charisma flow, Heraeus Kulzer; Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar vivadent) were used. Sixty acrylic cylindrical molds were prepared for each thickness (2, 3 and 4 mm). The molds were divided into six groups for resin composites. The microhardness was measured on the top and bottom surfaces, and the colors were measured using Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) L (*) a (*) b (*) system. Color differences according to the thickness and translucency parameters and the correlations between the microhardness and translucency parameter were analyzed. The microhardness and color differences were analyzed by ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test, and a student t-test, respectively. The level of significance was set to α = 0.05. RESULTS The microhardness decreased with increasing resin thickness. The bulk-fill resin composites showed a bottom/top hardness ratio of almost 80% or more in 4 mm thick specimens. The highest translucency parameter was observed in Venus Bulk Fill. All resin composites used in this study except for Venus Bulk Fill showed linear correlations between the microhardness and translucency parameter according to the thickness. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, the bulk-fill resin composites used in this study can be placed and cured properly in the 4 mm bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Son
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bock Hur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jeong-Kil Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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