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Babkina AS, Lyubomudrov MA, Golubev MA, Pisarev MV, Golubev AM. Neuron-Specific Enolase-What Are We Measuring? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5040. [PMID: 38732258 PMCID: PMC11084499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the neuron-specific protein by Moore and McGregor in 1965, tens of thousands of studies have investigated the basic and applied significance of neuron-specific enolase (NSE). This promising biomarker, according to many researchers, has not found widespread use in clinical practice, particularly in acute cerebrovascular accidents. Moreover, the several studies refuting the usefulness of serum NSE measurement in critically ill patients leads us to consider the reasons for such contradictory conclusions. In this article, we have analyzed the main directions in the study of NSE and expressed our perspective on the reasons for the contradictory results and the difficulties in implementing the results of these studies in clinical practice. In our opinion, the method of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used in the majority of the studies is inappropriate for the evaluation of NSE as a marker of central nervous system damage, because it does not allow for the differentiation of heterodimers of enolases and the assessment of the enzymatic activity of this group of enzymatic proteins. Therefore, the methodological approach for the evaluation of NSE (γγ-enolase) as a biomarker needs to be elaborated and improved. Furthermore, the specificity of the applied research methods and the appropriateness of the continued use of the term "neuron-specific enolase" must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya S. Babkina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia; (M.A.L.); (M.V.P.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Maxim A. Lyubomudrov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia; (M.A.L.); (M.V.P.); (A.M.G.)
| | | | - Mikhail V. Pisarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia; (M.A.L.); (M.V.P.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Arkady M. Golubev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia; (M.A.L.); (M.V.P.); (A.M.G.)
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Gao H, Kan Z, Fang Y, Wang N, Yan W, Yang M, Song Y. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of stroke complicated with sleep apnea syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33241. [PMID: 37058070 PMCID: PMC10101308 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND stroke patients often have a combination of sleep apnea syndrome, which is an important and modifiable risk factor for stroke prognosis. Acupuncture is one of the measures for sleep apnea syndrome, and it is also widely used in stroke. However, we are concerned that its efficacy and safety in the treatment of stroke with sleep apnea syndrome are not yet clear. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses schema and was registered with INPLASY (registration number: INPLASY202250113). The following 8 databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP Information, WanFang Data, and China Biomedical Literature Database limited from the establishment of each database to May 4, 2022. Subject headings, free words, and keywords were used for retrieval. Relevant literature was supplemented by consulting other resources. We assessed the risk of bias in the included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.4 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020) was used to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS Six records were included, including a total of 513 participants: 256 in the experimental group and 257 in the control group. The results showed that the total effective rate (relative risk = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 1.34, P < .00001), apnea-hypopnea index (mean difference (MD) = -8.39, 95% CI: -9.19, -7.59, P < .00001), Epworth Sleepiness Scale score (MD = -1.59, 95% CI: -2.66, -0.52, P = .004), minimal oxygen saturation (MD = 4.99, 95% CI: 3.5, 6.47, P < .00001), longest duration of apnea (MD = -7.47, 95% CI: -8.97, -5.97, P < .00001), longest duration of apnea (MD = -6.48, 95% CI: -8.60, -4.35, P < .00001), and S100β levels (standard mean difference = -1.52, 95% CI: -1.87, -1.18, P < .00001) were better in the experimental group than in the control group. Simultaneously, the effect of reducing the neuron-specific enolase level in the experimental group was comparable to that in the control group (MD = -3.40, 95% CI: -9.08, 2.29, P = .24). CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture can improve the clinical symptoms and related laboratory indicators for sleep apnea syndrome in patients with stroke. More high-quality trials remain urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Gao
- Institute of Literature and Culture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zunqi Kan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Fang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of the First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenli Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengqi Yang
- College of the First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongmei Song
- Institute of Literature and Culture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Mashin VV, Belova LA, Kotova EY, Dolgova DR, Statenina AP, Belyaeva YK, Dergacheva AS, Israfilova RR. [Results of a multicenter observational program to evaluate the effectiveness of complex therapy of patients with chronic cerebrovascular pathology with cognitive impairment with Cortexin and Neuromexol (CORNELia study)]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:34-41. [PMID: 38147380 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312312134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of complex therapy with Cortexin and Neuromexol in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) and cognitive impairment (CI). MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined 801 patients with CCI on the background of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis with confirmed CI: 329 (41.1%) men and 472 (58.9%) women aged 30 to 80 years (mean age 64±10 years), who were examined. Cortexin and Neuromexol. Examination - Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale, hour-long drawing test (HDT) and severity of depressive states (Brief Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini Geriatric Depression Scal, MGDS). In 30 patients receiving Cortexin and Neuromexol (main group, MG) and 30 patients in the comparison group (CG), biomarkers of ischemic brain damage (NSE, antibodies to NR2, VEGFA) were determined. The examination was carried out before the start of treatment and after 30 days. RESULTS During therapy with Cortexin and Neuromexol, characteristic signs of a decrease in the severity of CI were noted (p<0.05). A positive correlation was revealed between the performance indicators of the MMSE and TFC tests, both before and after treatment (r=0.5 and r=0.6, respectively; p<0.05). A positive effect of therapy on the emotional background of patients was noted, in particular, a decrease in the severity of depressive symptoms on the MGDS scale. During therapy, a 2-fold decrease in the NSE level (p<0.05) was detected in the MG, which indicates a decrease in the structural and functional parameters of biomembrane neurons in the brain. The concentration of antibodies to NR2 decreased compared to the baseline level in both groups (p<0.05), and VEGFA decreased only in the MG (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results of the study allow us to recommend the complex prescription of Cortexin 10 mg/day for 10 days and Neuromexol tablets 125 mg (375-750 mg/day) for 30 days for chronic CVD. Complex therapy with Cortexin and Neuromexol is effective and safe in patients with CCI and CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Mashin
- Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | - L A Belova
- Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | - E Y Kotova
- Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | - D R Dolgova
- Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
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Diao Y, Geng M, Fu Y, Wang H, Liu C, Gu J, Dong J, Mu J, Liu X, Wang C. A combination of P300 and eye movement data improves the accuracy of auxiliary diagnoses of depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:386-395. [PMID: 34710500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploratory eye movements (EEMs) and P300 are often used to facilitate the clinical diagnosis of depression. However, There were few studies using the combination of EEMs and P300 to build a model for detecting depression and predicting a curative effect. METHODS Sixty patients were recruited for 2 groups: high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) combined with paroxetine group and simple paroxetine group. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by the Hamilton Depression scale-24(HAMD-24), EEMs and P300. The classification model of the auxiliary diagnosis of depression and the prediction model of the two treatments were developed based on a machine learning algorithm. RESULTS The classification model with the greatest accuracy for patients with depression and healthy controls was 95.24% (AUC = 0.75, recall = 1.00, precision = 0.95, F1-score = 0.97). The root mean square error (RMSE) of the model for predicting the efficacy of high frequency rTMS combined with paroxetine was 3.54 (MAE [mean absolute error] = 2.56, R2 = -0.53). The RMSE of the model for predicting the efficacy of paroxetine was 4.97 (MAE = 4.00, R2 = -0.91). CONCLUSION Based on the machine learning algorithm, P300 and EEMs data was suitable for modeling to distinguish depression patients and healthy individuals. However, it was not suitable for predicting the efficacy of high frequency rTMS combined with paroxetine or to predict the efficacy of paroxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunheng Diao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China; The Second Clinical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China
| | - Mengjun Geng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China; The Second Clinical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China
| | - Yifang Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China; The Second Clinical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China
| | - Jingyang Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China
| | - Jiao Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China
| | - Junlin Mu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China
| | - Xianhua Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China; The Second Clinical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, PR China.
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