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dos Santos HT, Nam K, Gil D, Yellepeddi V, Baker OJ. Current experimental methods to investigate the impact of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators on Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1094278. [PMID: 36713415 PMCID: PMC9878840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1094278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by diminished secretory function of the exocrine glands. Although extensive investigation has been done to understand Sjögren's syndrome, the causes of the disease are as yet unknown and treatments remain largely ineffective, with established therapeutic interventions being limited to use of saliva substitutes with modest effectiveness. A primary feature of Sjögren's syndrome is uncontrolled inflammation of exocrine tissues and previous studies have demonstrated that lipid-based specialized pro-resolving mediators reduce inflammation and restores tissue integrity in salivary glands. However, these studies are limited to a single specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator's family member resolvin D1 or RvD1 and its aspirin-triggered epimer, AT-RvD1. Consequently, additional studies are needed to explore the potential benefits of other members of the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator's family and related molecules (e.g., additional resolvin subtypes as well as lipoxins, maresins and protectins). In support of this goal, the current review aims to briefly describe the range of current experimental methods to investigate the impact of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators on Sjögren's syndrome, including both strengths and weaknesses of each approach where this information is known. With this article, the possibilities presented by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators will be introduced to a wider audience in immunology and practical advice is given to researchers who may wish to take up this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harim T. dos Santos
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Diana Gil
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Venkata Yellepeddi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States,Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Olga J. Baker
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Olga J. Baker,
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Safonova TN, Zaitseva GV, Kintyukhina NP. [Evolution of dry eye disease diagnostics]. Vestn Oftalmol 2023; 139:81-89. [PMID: 37144373 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202313903281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews modern functional and instrumental examination methods included in the diagnostic algorithm for dry eye disease. The described methods can serve as an objective criterion for the effectiveness of the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Safonova
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - G V Zaitseva
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Dos Santos HT, Nam K, Maslow F, Trump B, Baker OJ. Specialized pro-resolving receptors are expressed in salivary glands with Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 56:151865. [PMID: 34847389 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that resolvin D1 (RvD1) and its aspirin-trigged (AT) form AT-RvD1, are effective in decreasing inflammation while restoring saliva flow rates in a Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-like mouse model before and after disease onset. Resolvins are specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) that actively regulate inflammation. However, we only have extensive data within the salivary glands for RvD1 and AT-RvD1, both of which bind to the receptor ALX/FPR2. As such, the presence of other SPM receptors is unknown within salivary glands. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the expression of SPM receptors in non-SS and SS patients. For this purpose, six human minor salivary glands from female subjects were analyzed by H&E using the Chisholm and Mason classification to determine the degree of lymphocytic infiltration. Next, confocal immunofluorescence analysis was performed to determine the presence and distribution of different SPM receptors in mucous acini and striated ducts. We observed diffuse presence of lymphocytic infiltration and clinical data were consistent with SS diagnosis in three patients. Moreover, confocal immunofluorescence analysis indicated the presence of the receptors ALX/FPR2, BLT1 and CMKLR1 in the mucous acini and striated ducts of both non-SS and SS patients. GPR32 was absent in SS and non-SS minor salivary glands. In summary, our results showed that various SPM receptors are expressed in non-SS and SS minor salivary glands, all of which may pose as potential targets for promoting pro-epithelial and anti-inflammatory/pro-resolution signaling on SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harim Tavares Dos Santos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Frank Maslow
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bryan Trump
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olga J Baker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Safonova TN, Zaitseva GV, Burdennyy AM, Loginov VI. [Association of polymorphic markers rs7947461 of the TRIM21 gene and rs33996649 of the PTPN22 gene with the risk of developing exogenous dry eye syndrome]. Vestn Oftalmol 2021; 137:217-223. [PMID: 34669330 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2021137052217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this age of technological advancement, an increasing number of people is being exposed to external risk factors of damaging their ocular surface (wearing contact lenses, electromagnetic radiation from computers, mobile devices, etc.). However, the presence of external factors does not lead to a 100% risk of developing the dry eye disease (DED). The trigger mechanism in the development of autoimmune lesions of the ocular environment in some systemic diseases is known to be associated with molecular genetic factors. The search for molecular genetic disorders is based on the analysis of polymorphic markers of a number of genes responsible for the state of the eye surface. PURPOSE To study the relationship of polymorphic markers rs7947461 of the TRIM21 gene and rs33996649 of the PTPN22 gene with the risk of developing dry eye syndrome of exogenous etiology. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 57 people with exogenous risk factors for DED development. The control group included volunteers without a history of ophthalmic pathologies (n=75). Genotyping was done by real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by melting curve analysis. Statistical processing of data was done using the Statistica 6.1 RUS software for statistical analysis. RESULTS In the course of the study, 31 patients of the main group were diagnosed with DED and separated into the 1st subgroup; DED diagnosis was not confirmed in 26 patients, who were put into the 2nd subgroup. The 1st subgroup showed a significant increase in the frequency of predisposing genotypes of the TRIM21 and PTPN22 genes. The relative risk of developing DED turned out to be 2.5 and 4.86 times higher, respectively. In the 2nd subgroup, no statistically significant data was found on the presence of predisposing genotypes of polymorphic markers of the TRIM21 and PTPN22 genes (p=0.3). CONCLUSION The revealed association of polymorphic markers rs7947461 of the TRIM21 gene and rs33996649 of the PTPN22 gene with the risk of developing DED of exogenous etiology puts these loci as possible markers for diagnosing this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Safonova
- Research Institute of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
| | - G V Zaitseva
- Research Institute of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Burdennyy
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Loginov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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