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Dave A, Joshee L, Barfuss DW, Brownlee R, Surani R, Anis Ali S, Ford IV EG, Pittman EG, Caroland AV, Barkin J, Bridges CC. Proximal tubular transport of Metallothionein-Mercury complexes and protection against nephrotoxicity. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100132. [PMID: 37885470 PMCID: PMC10598501 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is an important environmental toxicant to which humans are exposed on a regular basis. Mercuric ions within biological systems do not exist as free ions. Rather, they are bound to free sulfhydryl groups (thiols) on biological molecules. Metallothionein (MT) is a cysteine-rich, metal-binding protein that has been shown to bind to heavy metals and reduce their toxic effects in target cells and organs. Little is known about the effect of MT on the handing and disposition of Hg. Therefore, the current study was designed to test the hypothesis that overexpression of MT alters the corporal disposition of Hg and reduces its nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, the current study examined the transport of Hg-MT complexes in isolated proximal tubules. Rats were treated with saline or Zn followed by injection with a non-nephrotoxic (0.5 µmol kg-1), moderately nephrotoxic (1.5 µmol kg-1), or significantly nephrotoxic (2.25 µmol kg-1) dose of HgCl2 (containing radioactive Hg). Pretreatment with Zn increased mRNA expression of MT and enhanced accumulation of Hg in the renal cortex of male and female rats. In addition, injection with Zn also protected animals from Hg-induced nephrotoxicity. Studies using isolated proximal tubules from rabbit kidney demonstrated that Hg-MT is taken up rapidly at the apical and basolateral membranes. The current findings suggest that at least part of this uptake occurs through an endocytic process. This study is the first to examine the uptake of Hg-MT complexes in isolated proximal tubules. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that supplementation with Zn may be a viable strategy for reducing the risk of Hg intoxication in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Dave
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Lucy Joshee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Delon W. Barfuss
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan Brownlee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Roha Surani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Sahar Anis Ali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Earl G. Ford IV
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Pittman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Barkin
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Christy C. Bridges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
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Dack K, Wootton RE, Taylor CM, Lewis SJ. Prenatal Mercury Exposure and Infant Weight Trajectories in a UK Observational Birth Cohort. TOXICS 2022; 11:10. [PMID: 36668736 PMCID: PMC9864311 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is highly toxic metal found in trace quantities in common foods. There is concern that exposure during pregnancy could impair infant development. Epidemiological evidence is mixed, but few studies have examined postnatal growth. Differences in nutrition, exposures, and the living environment after birth may make it easier to detect a negative impact from mercury toxicity on infant growth. This study includes 544 mother-child pairs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Blood mercury was measured in early pregnancy and infant weight at 10 intervals between 4 and 61 months. Mixed-effect models were used to estimate the change in infant weight associated with prenatal mercury exposure. The estimated difference in monthly weight gain was -0.02 kg per 1 standard deviation increase in Hg (95% confidence intervals: -0.10 to 0.06 kg). When restricted to the 10th decile of Hg, the association with weight at each age level was consistently negative but with wide confidence intervals. The lack of evidence for an association may indicate that at Hg levels in this cohort (median 1.9 µg/L) there is minimal biological impact, and the effect is too small to be either clinically relevant or detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Dack
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Robyn E. Wootton
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, 0771 Oslo, Norway
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Caroline M. Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
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Galiciolli MEA, Pedroso TF, Mesquita M, Oliveira VA, Pereira ME, Oliveira CS. Biochemical Parameters of Female Wistar Rats and Their Offspring Exposed to Inorganic Mercury in Drinking Water during the Gestational and Lactational Periods. TOXICS 2022; 10:664. [PMID: 36355955 PMCID: PMC9696705 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) exposure on biochemical parameters of dams and their offspring exposed to metal in drinking water. Female Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 10, and 50 µg Hg2+/mL (as HgCl2) for 42 days corresponding to gestational (21 days) and lactational (21 days) periods. The offspring were sacrificed on postnatal days 10, 20, 30, and 40. Dams exposed to Hg2+ presented a decrease in water intake in gestation [total: F(2,19) = 15.84; p ≤ 0.0001; daily: F(2,21) = 12.71; p = 0.0002] and lactation [total: F(2,19) = 4.619; p = 0.024; daily: F(2,21) = 5.309; p = 0.0136] without alteration in food intake. Dams exposed to 50 µg Hg2+/mL had an increase in kidney total [F(2,21) = 8.081; p = 0.0025] and relative [F(2,21) = 14.11; p = 0.0001] weight without changes in biochemical markers of nephrotoxicity. Moreover, dams had an increase in hepatic [F(2,10) = 3.847; p = 0.0577] and renal [F(2,11) = 6.267; p = 0.0152] metallothionein content concomitantly with an increase in renal Hg levels after Hg2+ exposure. Regarding offspring, the exposure to Hg2+in utero and breast milk increased the relative liver [F(2,18) = 5.33; p = 0.0152] and kidney [F(2,18) = 3.819; p = 0.0415] weight only on the postnatal day 40. In conclusion, dams were able to handle the Hg2+ avoiding the classic Hg2+ toxic effects as well as protecting the offspring. We suggest that this protection is related to the hepatic and renal metallothionein content increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda A. Galiciolli
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Taíse F. Pedroso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor A. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria E. Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia S. Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Egba SI, Famurewa AC, Omoruyi LE. Buchholzia coriacea seed extract attenuates mercury-induced cerebral and cerebellar oxidative neurotoxicity via NO signaling and suppression of oxidative stress, adenosine deaminase and acetylcholinesterase activities in rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2022; 12:42-53. [PMID: 35145894 PMCID: PMC8801217 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2021.18262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mercury (Hg) is a classic cumulative neurotoxicant implicated in neuronal deficit via oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. We sought to investigate whether Buccholzia coriacea seed methanol extract (BCSE) would modulate oxidative neurotoxicity induced by Hg in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were orally treated with BCSE (200 or 400 mg/kg body weight of rat) for 28 days, while Hg was administered from day 15 to day 28. After sacrifice, antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and adenine deaminase (ADA) activities were evaluated in the cerebrum and cerebellum of rats. RESULTS Mercury induced significant depressions in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and GSH levels, whereas levels of NO and activities of AchE and ADA markedly increased. The histopathology of the brain tissues confirmed these changes. In contrast, BCSE administration prominently modulated the brain NO production and reversed the Hg-induced biochemical alterations comparable to normal control. CONCLUSION Methanol extract of B. coriacea seeds protects the cerebrum and cerebellum against Hg-induced brain damage via its antioxidant and NO modulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon I Egba
- Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Lilian E Omoruyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
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The Antioxidant Effect of Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa) Ethanolic Extract against Mercury Chloride (HgCl 2) Toxicity in Rat Liver and Kidney: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8388002. [PMID: 34484406 PMCID: PMC8413032 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8388002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals such as mercury are some of the environmental pollutants and can induce toxicity by bioaccumulation and oxidative damage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa) on mercury damage in the kidney and liver of rats. Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, the control group, S group (2 mg/kg mercury chloride), and T1, T2, and T3 groups that, in addition to mercury, received doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg of the alfalfa extract. On the last day, blood samples were taken, and the serum was separated to measure biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in the kidney and liver. A part of the kidney and liver was also used for histopathological evaluation. Total phenols and flavonoids were 40.45 ± 2.12 and 14.36 ± 0.45 mg/g, respectively, whereas IC50 was 245.18 ± 19.76 μg/ml. The body weight significantly decreased in the S group compared to other groups, while treatment with different doses of alfalfa extract increased the body weight. Mercury concentration in the kidney was higher than that in the liver. The serum levels of urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased in the S group compared to the control group, while treatment with different doses of alfalfa extract increased their levels. Moreover, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed in the S group. The level of these parameters significantly improved in the groups receiving the extract compared to the S group. Furthermore, the histopathological evaluation showed glomerular and tubular damage and hepatic necrosis in the S group and that these conditions improved in the T3 group. The findings of this study showed that the ethanolic extract of alfalfa in a dose-dependent manner has potentially unique protective effects against mercury poisoning in the kidney and liver.
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Oliveira VA, de Souza da Costa N, Mesquita M, Pedroso TF, da Luz Fiuza T, Peixoto NC, Pereira ME, Oliveira CS. Mercury toxicity in pregnant and lactating rats: zinc and N-acetylcysteine as alternative of prevention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40563-40572. [PMID: 32671705 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxic effects of inorganic mercury (Hg) in pregnant and lactating rats, as well as the possible protective effect of zinc (Zn) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Pregnant and lactating rats were pre-treated with ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg) and/or NAC (5 mg/kg) and after 24 h, they were exposed to HgCl2 (10 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed 24 h after Hg exposure, and biochemical tests and metal determination were performed. Regarding pregnant rats, Hg exposure caused kidney, blood, and placenta δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity inhibition, and the pre-treatments showed a tendency of protection. Moreover, all the animals exposed to Hg presented high Hg levels in the kidney, liver, and placenta when compared with control group. Pregnant rats pre-exposed to Zn (Zn-Hg and Zn/NAC-Hg groups) presented an increase in hepatic metallothionein levels. Therefore, lactating rats exposed to Hg presented renal and blood δ-ALA-D inhibition; the pre-treatments showed a tendency to prevent the renal δ-ALA-D inhibition and prevented the blood δ-ALA-D inhibition caused by Hg. Lactating rats exposed to Hg presented high Hg levels in the kidney and liver. These results showed that 10 mg/kg of HgCl2 causes biochemistry alterations in pregnant and lactating rats, and Zn and NAC present promising results against these damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Antunes Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nayara de Souza da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia Aplicada a Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Taíse Fonseca Pedroso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago da Luz Fiuza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilce Coelho Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Campus Palmeira das Missões, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Independência, 3751, Bairro Vista Alegre, Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia Aplicada a Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Garlet QI, Haskel MVL, Pereira RP, da Silva WCFN, da Rocha JBT, Oliveira CS, Bonini JS. Delta-Aminolevulinate dehydratase and glutathione peroxidase activity in Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:866-875. [PMID: 31645846 PMCID: PMC6806262 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology that affects elderly people all over the world. Several studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is an aggravating factor for AD development and progression. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the activity of two oxidative stress markers, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D), as well as correlate them with blood metal levels and AD progression. For this purpose, 88 elderly individuals were divided in two groups: AD group (34 patients diagnosed with AD) and control group (34 subjects paired by age with the AD group). The Mini-Mental State Examination and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) were used as tools to classify the AD progression. GPx and δ-ALA-D activities were measured in all subjects through blood tests. Both enzymes' activities were decreased in AD patients when compared to the age-matched control group, regardless of the CDR. Moreover, GPx activity was positively correlated with selenium levels in the blood; and the δ-ALA-D activity was negatively correlated with blood copper levels. Taken together, our results indicated that, for the first time, blood δ-ALA-D activity was significantly inhibited in AD patients. While literature reports conflicting data regarding GPx activity in AD patients, the δ-ALA-D activity seems to be a more consistent tool to be applied as an earlier AD marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quelen Iane Garlet
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande/RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Vaitsa Losh Haskel
- Departamento de Fisiologia Humana, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS90040-060, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS, Brazil.,Programa Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia Aplicada a Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba/PR, Brazil.,Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sartori Bonini
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Campus CEDETEG, Departamento de Farmácia, Guarapuava/PR, Brazil
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Wei B, He M, Cai X, Hou X, Wang Y, Chen J, Lan M, Chen Y, Lou K, Gao F. Vitamin E succinate-grafted-chitosan/chitosan oligosaccharide mixed micelles loaded with C-DMSA for Hg 2+ detection and detoxification in rat liver. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6917-6932. [PMID: 31695366 PMCID: PMC6717732 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s213084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether the use of a mixed polymeric micelle delivery system based on vitamin E succinate (VES)-grafted-chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO)/VES-grafted-chitosan (CS) mixed micelles (VES-g-CSO/VES-g-CS MM) enhances the delivery of C-DMSA, a theranostic fluorescent probe, for Hg2+ detection and detoxification in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Mixed micelles self-assembled from two polymers, VES-g-CSO and VES-g-CS, were used to load C-DMSA and afforded C-DMSA@VES-g-CSO/VES-g-CS MM for cell and in vivo applications. Fluorescence microscopy was used to assess C-DMSA cellular uptake and Hg2+ detection in L929 cells. C-DMSA@VES-g-CSO/VES-g-CS MM was then administered intravenously. Hg2+ detection was assessed by fluorescence microscopy in terms of bio-distribution while detoxification efficacy in Hg2+-poisoned rat models was evaluated in terms of mercury contents in blood and in liver. RESULTS The C-DMSA loaded mixed micelles, C-DMSA@VES-g-CSO/VES-g-CS MM, significantly enhanced cellular uptake and detoxification efficacy of C-DMSA in Hg2+ pretreated human L929 cells. Evidence from the reduction of liver coefficient, mercury contents in liver and blood, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities in Hg2+ poisoned SD rats treated with the mixed micelles strongly supported that the micelles were effective for Hg2+ detoxification in vivo. Furthermore, ex vivo fluorescence imaging experiments also supported enhanced Hg2+ detection in rat liver. CONCLUSION The mixed polymeric micelle delivery system could significantly enhance cell uptake and efficacy of a theranostic probe for Hg2+ detection and detoxification treatment in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, this nanoparticle drug delivery system could achieve targeted detection and detoxification in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muye He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanzuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyan Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, People’s Republic of China
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Elblehi SS, Hafez MH, El-Sayed YS. L-α-Phosphatidylcholine attenuates mercury-induced hepato-renal damage through suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9333-9342. [PMID: 30721437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential ameliorative effects of L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) against mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced hematological and hepato-renal damage were investigated. Rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 12): control, PC (100 mg/kg bwt, intragastrically every other day for 30 consecutive days), HgCl2 (5 mg/kg bwt, intragastrically daily), and PC plus HgCl2. Hematological and hepato-renal dysfunctions were evaluated biochemically and histopathologically. Hepatic and renal oxidative/antioxidative indices were evaluated. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) was also detected by ELISA. HgCl2 significantly increased serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST), urea, and creatinine levels that are indicative of hepato-renal damage. HgCl2 also induced a significant accumulation of malondialdehyde (+ 195%) with depletion of glutathione (- 43%) levels in the liver and renal tissues. The apparent hepato-renal oxidative damage was associated with obvious organ dysfunction that was confirmed by impairments in the liver and kidney histoarchitecture. Furthermore, HgCl2 significantly attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines named tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Conversely, PC treatment attenuated these effects, which improved the hematological and serum biochemical alternations, reduced the oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels, and ameliorated the intensity of the histopathological alterations in livers and kidneys of HgCl2-treated rats. It could be concluded that PC displayed potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities against HgCl2-induced hepato-renal damage via suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and declining oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar S Elblehi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Mona H Hafez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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da Luz Fiuza T, Leitemperger J, Severo ES, Marins AT, do Amaral AB, Pereira ME, Loro VL. Effects of diphenyl diselenide diet on a model of mercury poisoning. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2631-2639. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Moraes-Silva L, Oliveira CS, Peixoto NC, Pereira ME. Copper attenuates early and late biochemical alterations induced by inorganic mercury in young rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:633-644. [PMID: 29842829 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1474153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mercury (Hg), a divalent metal, produces adverse effects predominantly in the renal and central nervous systems. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of copper (Cu) in prevention of mercuric mercury (Hg2+)-mediated toxic effects as well as the role metallothioneins (MT) play in this protective mechanism in young rats. Wistar rats were treated subcutaneously with saline (Sal) or CuCl2.2H2O (Cu 2.6 mg/kg/day) from 3 to 7 days old and with saline or HgCl2 (Hg 3.7 mg/kg/day) from 8 to 12 days old. The experimental groups were (1) Sal-Sal, (2) Cu-Sal, (3) Sal-Hg, and (4) Cu-Hg. MTs and metal contents were determined at 13 and 33 days of age. Porphobilinogen synthase (PBG-synthase) activity as well as renal and hepatic parameters were measured at 33 days. At 13 day, Hg2+ exposure increased hepatic MT, Hg, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) levels, in kidney elevated Cu and Hg and decreased renal Fe concentrations, accompanied by elevated blood Hg levels. At 33 days, Hg2+ exposure inhibited renal PBG-synthase activity, increased serum urea levels and lowered Fe and Mg levels. Copper partially prevented the rise in blood Hg and liver Fe noted at 13 days; and completely blocked urea rise and diminished renal PBG-synthase activity inhibition at 33 days. In 13-day-old rats, Cu exposure redistributed the Hg in the body, decreasing hepatic and blood levels while increasing renal levels, accompanied by elevated renal and hepatic MT levels in Hg2+-exposed animals. These results suggest that hepatic MT might bind to hepatic and blood Hg for transport to the kidney in order to be excreted. ABBREVIATIONS MT: metallothioneins; PBG-synthase: porphobilinogen synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucélia Moraes-Silva
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Nilce Coelho Peixoto
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
- c Departamento de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Palmeira das Missões , RS , Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
- b Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
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Salman MMA, Kotb AM, Haridy MAM, Hammad S. Hepato- and nephroprotective effects of bradykinin potentiating factor from scorpion (Buthus occitanus) venom on mercuric chloride-treated rats. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:807-816. [PMID: 28337111 PMCID: PMC5318677 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides such as bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF), have, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and ameliorative effects in chronic diseases and play a potential role in cancer prevention. It is known that the liver and kidney accumulate inorganic mercury upon exposure, which often leads to mercury intoxication in these organs. In this study, we investigated the effect of bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF), a scorpion venom peptide, on mercuric chloride-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. We used 20 adult male Albino rats divided into four equal groups: the first group was injected with saline (control); the second group was administered daily with mercuric chloride (HgCl2) for 2 weeks; the third group was administered with BPF twice weekly for 2 successive weeks, while the fourth group was exposed to BPF followed by HgCl2. We observed that HgCl2 treated rats had a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine and urea levels compared to control. Furthermore, HgCl2 treated rats showed a marked decrease in total proteins, albumin and uric acids compared to control. The previously studied parameters were not significantly changed in BPF pretreated rats compared to control. Moreover, a significant decrease in the activities of glutathione perioxidase (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), in addition to a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in hepatic and renal tissues of rats after HgCl2 treatment. In contrast, the HgCl2/BPF treated rats showed a significant elevation in the activity of GSH, SOD, and CAT accompanied with a significant regression in the level of MDA compared to the HgCl2 exposed rats. We conclude that treatment with BPF is a promising prophylactic approach for the management of mercuric chloride-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M A Salman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Kotb
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohie A M Haridy
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Molecular Hepatology - Alcohol Associated Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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