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Wuerger LTD, Sprenger H, Krasikova K, Templin M, Stahl A, Herfurth UM, Sieg H, Braeuning A. A multi-omics approach to elucidate okadaic acid-induced changes in human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03796-1. [PMID: 38832940 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA), a prevalent marine biotoxin found in shellfish, is known for causing acute gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite its potential to reach the bloodstream and the liver, the hepatic effects of OA are not well understood, highlighting a significant research gap. This study aims to comprehensively elucidate the impact of OA on the liver by examining the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome alterations in human HepaRG liver cells exposed to non-cytotoxic OA concentrations. We employed an integrative multi-omics approach, encompassing RNA sequencing, shotgun proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and targeted DigiWest analysis. This enabled a detailed exploration of gene and protein expression changes, alongside phosphorylation patterns under OA treatment. The study reveals concentration- and time-dependent deregulation in gene and protein expression, with a significant down-regulation of xenobiotic and lipid metabolism pathways. Up-regulated pathways include actin crosslink formation and a deregulation of apoptotic pathways. Notably, our results revealed that OA, as a potent phosphatase inhibitor, induces alterations in actin filament organization. Phosphoproteomics data highlighted the importance of phosphorylation in enzyme activity regulation, particularly affecting proteins involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton. OA's inhibition of PP2A further leads to various downstream effects, including alterations in protein translation and energy metabolism. This research expands the understanding of OA's systemic impact, emphasizing its role in modulating the phosphorylation landscape, which influences crucial cellular processes. The results underscore OA's multifaceted effects on the liver, particularly through PP2A inhibition, impacting xenobiotic metabolism, cytoskeletal dynamics, and energy homeostasis. These insights enhance our comprehension of OA's biological significance and potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie T D Wuerger
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ksenia Krasikova
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Aaron Stahl
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Uta M Herfurth
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Tang Y, Li H, Tang J, Hu L, Ma F, Liu Y, Tang F. Effects of total saikosaponins on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 in HepaRG cells. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:217. [PMID: 38590569 PMCID: PMC11000459 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Total saikosaponins (TSS) form a group of chemically and biologically active components that can be extracted from Bupleurum, with reported antidepressive, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiendotoxin, antitumor, anti-pulmonary fibrosis and anti-gastric ulcer effects. Bupleurum or TSS is frequently utilized in clinical practice alongside other medications (such as entecavir, lamivudine, compound paracetamol and amantadine hydrochloride capsules), leading to an increased risk of drug-drug interactions. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family serves a critical role in the metabolism of numerous essential drugs (such as tamoxifen, ibuprofen and phenytoin), where the majority of drug interactions involve CYP-mediated metabolism. It is therefore essential to understand the effects of key components of Bupleurum on CYPs when administering combination therapies containing TSS or Bupleurum. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of TSS on the mRNA and protein expression of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 in HepaRG cells. The effects of TSS on the survival of HepaRG cells was investigated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot (WB) analysis were used to assess the effects of different concentrations of TSS (0, 5, 10 and 15 µg/ml) on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 mRNA and protein expression in HepaRG cells. Based on the CCK-8 assay results, it was observed that the cell viability remained above 80% when treated with 1, 5, 10 and 15 µg/ml TSS. Although there was a statistically significant reduced cell viability at TSS concentrations of 10 and 15 µg/ml compared with the control group, the findings indicated that TSS did not exhibit notable cytotoxic effects at these concentrations. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results revealed that compared with those in the control group, TSS at concentrations of 10 and 15 µg/ml reduced CYP3A4 mRNA expression but increased CYP1A2 mRNA expression in HepaRG cells at concentrations of 15 µg/ml. WB analysis found that TSS at concentrations of 10 and 15 µg/ml downregulated CYP3A4 protein expression in HepaRG cells while increasing CYP1A2 protein expression at concentrations of 15 µg/ml. Results in the present study suggest that TSS can inhibit CYP3A4 mRNA and protein expression, but exerts opposite effects on their CYP1A2 counterparts. These findings suggest that it is necessary to consider drug interactions between clinical preparations containing TSS or Bupleurum and drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 to avoid potential adverse drug reactions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Meitan People's Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 564100, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
| | - Hongfang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Tang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Lei Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Meitan People's Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 564100, P.R. China
| | - Yanmiao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
| | - Fushan Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
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Würger LTD, Alarcan J, Braeuning A. Effects of marine biotoxins on drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes and their regulation in mammalian cells. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1311-1322. [PMID: 38416141 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Marine biotoxins are a heterogenous group of natural toxins, which are able to trigger different types of toxicological responses in animals and humans. Health effects arising from exposure to marine biotoxins are ranging, for example, from gastrointestinal symptoms to neurological effects, depending on the individual toxin(s) ingested. Recent research has shown that the marine biotoxin okadaic acid (OA) can strongly diminish the expression of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human liver cells by a mechanism involving proinflammatory signaling. By doing so, OA may interfere with the metabolic barrier function of liver and intestine, and thus alter the toxico- or pharmacokinetic properties of other compounds. Such effects of marine biotoxins on drug and xenobiotic metabolism have, however, not been much in the focus of research yet. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the effects of marine biotoxins on CYP enzymes in mammalian cells. In addition, the role of CYP-regulating nuclear receptors as well as inflammatory signaling in the regulation of CYPs by marine biotoxins is discussed. Strong evidence is available for effects of OA on CYP enzymes, along with information about possible molecular mechanisms. For other marine biotoxins, knowledge on effects on drug metabolism, however, is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie T D Würger
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Peslalz P, Grieshober M, Kraus F, Bleisch A, Izzo F, Lichtenstein D, Hammer H, Vorbach A, Momoi K, Zanger UM, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Braeuning A, Plietker B, Stenger S. Unnatural Endotype B PPAPs as Novel Compounds with Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15073-15083. [PMID: 37822271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Pre-SARS-CoV-2, tuberculosis was the leading cause of death by a single pathogen. Repetitive exposure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) supported the development of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant strains, demanding novel drugs. Hyperforin, a natural type A polyprenylated polycyclic acylphloroglucinol from St. John's wort, exhibits antidepressant and antibacterial effects also against Mtb. Yet, Hyperforin's instability limits the utility in clinical practice. Here, we present photo- and bench-stable type B PPAPs with enhanced antimycobacterial efficacy. PPAP22 emerged as a lead compound, further improved as the sodium salt PPAP53, drastically enhancing solubility. PPAP53 inhibits the growth of virulent extracellular and intracellular Mtb without harming primary human macrophages. Importantly, PPAP53 is active against drug-resistant strains of Mtb. Furthermore, we analyzed the in vitro properties of PPAP53 in terms of CYP induction and the PXR interaction. Taken together, we introduce type PPAPs as a new class of antimycobacterial compounds, with remarkable antibacterial activity and favorable biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Peslalz
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Bergstr. 66, Dresden01069 ,Germany
| | - Mark Grieshober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Frank Kraus
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart,Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Anton Bleisch
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Bergstr. 66, Dresden01069 ,Germany
| | - Flavia Izzo
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart,Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Helen Hammer
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Markwiesenstr. 55, Reutlingen 72770, Germany
| | - Andreas Vorbach
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Kyoko Momoi
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Auerbachstr. 112, University of Tübingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Auerbachstr. 112, University of Tübingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Bernd Plietker
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Bergstr. 66, Dresden01069 ,Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart,Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
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Wuerger LT, Birkholz G, Oberemm A, Sieg H, Braeuning A. Proteomic analysis of hepatic effects of okadaic acid in HepaRG human liver cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:1135-1145. [PMID: 38054204 PMCID: PMC10694344 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The marine biotoxin okadaic acid (OA) is produced by dinoflagellates and enters the human food chain by accumulating in the fatty tissue of filter-feeding shellfish. Consumption of highly contaminated shellfish can lead to diarrheic shellfish poisoning. However, apart from the acute effects in the intestine, OA can also provoke toxic effects in the liver, as it is able to pass the intestinal barrier into the blood stream. However, molecular details of OA-induced hepatotoxicity are still insufficiently characterized, and especially at the proteomic level data are scarce. In this study, we used human HepaRG liver cells and exposed them to non-cytotoxic OA concentrations for 24 hours. Global changes in protein expression were analyzed using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with mass-spectrometric protein identification. The results constitute the first proteomic analysis of OA effects in human liver cells and indicate, amongst others, that OA affects the energy homeostasis, induces oxidative stress, and induces cytoskeletal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie T.D. Wuerger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Greta Birkholz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Oberemm
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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