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Hepatoprotective Effect of Grape Seed and Skin Extract Against Lithium Exposure Examined by the Window of Proteomics. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221141585. [DOI: 10.1177/15593258221141585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The liver is the organ by which the majority of substances are metabolized, including psychotropic drugs. Lithium (Li) used as drug for many neurological disorders such as bipolar disorders. Objective This study aims to assess lithium toxicity and to evaluate the hepatic-protective properties of a grape skin seed and extract (GSSE). Materials and methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were exposed for 30 days to either various lithium concentrations, GSSE alone, or lithium supplemented with GSSE. The proteomic analysis revealed alterations of liver protein profiles after lithium treatments that were successfully identified by mass spectrometry. Results Lithium treatment induced an oxidative damage by the alteration of antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase, CAT, and Gpx. The regulated proteins are mainly involved in the respiratory electron transport chain, detoxification processes, ribosomal stress pathway, glycolysis, and cytoskeleton. Proteins were differentially expressed in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, GSSE reversed the situation and restored the level of liver proteins whose abundance was modified after lithium treatment, arguing for its protective activity. Conclusion Our data demonstrated the ability of proteomic analysis to underline the toxicity mechanisms of lithium in animal models. Based on these results, GSSE may be envisaged as a nutritional supplement to weaken the liver toxicity of lithium.
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Jankovic SM, Masic I. Evaluation of Preclinical and Clinical Studies Published in Medical Journals of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Methodology Issues. Acta Inform Med 2020; 28:4-11. [PMID: 32210508 PMCID: PMC7085328 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2020.28.4-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Results of preclinical and clinical studies in medicine could be trusted only if their design and statistical analysis were appropriate. AIM The aim of our study was to investigate whether preclinical and clinical studies published in medical journals of Bosnia and Herzegovina satisfy basic requirements for appropriate design and statistical interpretation of data. METHODS Preclinical and clinical studies published in medical journals of Bosnia and Herzegovina were retrieved from the PubMed database, and the sample for analysis was randomly chosen from the retrieved publications. Implementation rate of basic principles of experimental design (local control, randomization and replication) and rate of the most common errors in design of clinical/observational studies was established by careful reading of the sampled publications and their checking against predefined criteria. RESULTS Our study showed that only a minority of experimental preclinical studies had basic principles of design completely implemented (7%), while implementation rate of single aspects of appropriate experimental design varied from as low as 12% to as high as 77%. Only one of the clinical/observational studies had none of the errors searched for (2%), and specific errors rates varied from 10% to 89%. Average impact factor of the surveyed studies was around one, and average publication date recent, less than 5 years ago. CONCLUSION Prevalence of preclinical studies that did not follow completely basic principles of research design, and that of clinical/observational studies with errors are high, raising suspicion to validity of their results. If incorrect and not protected against bias, results of published studies may adversely influence future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izet Masic
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Pierzynowska K, Gaffke L, Cyske Z, Puchalski M, Rintz E, Bartkowski M, Osiadły M, Pierzynowski M, Mantej J, Piotrowska E, Węgrzyn G. Autophagy stimulation as a promising approach in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:989-1008. [PMID: 29542037 PMCID: PMC6060747 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of degradation of macromolecules in the cytoplasm, particularly proteins of a long half-life, as well as whole organelles, in eukaryotic cells. Lysosomes play crucial roles during this degradation. Autophagy is a phylogenetically old, and evolutionarily conserved phenomenon which occurs in all eukaryotic cells. It can be found in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, insect Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals, including humans. Its high importance for cell physiology has been recognized, and in fact, dysfunctions causing impaired autophagy are associated with many severe disorders, including cancer and metabolic brain diseases. The types and molecular mechanisms of autophagy have been reviewed recently by others, and in this paper they will be summarized only briefly. Regulatory networks controlling the autophagy process are usually described as negative regulations. In contrast, here, we focus on different ways by which autophagy can be stimulated. In fact, activation of this process by different factors or processes can be considered as a therapeutic strategy in metabolic neurodegenerative diseases. These aspects are reviewed and discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Cyske
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Puchalski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Estera Rintz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Bartkowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Osiadły
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Pierzynowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jagoda Mantej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Piotrowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Mezni A, Aoua H, Khazri O, Limam F, Aouani E. Lithium induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the rat's heart: Protective effect of grape seed and skin extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1103-1111. [PMID: 28922729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is a relevant mood stabilizer metal for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD), as it protects from both depression and mania and reduces the risk of suicide. However, Lihas some clinical concerns as a narrow therapeutic index requiring routine monitoring of the serum level. The present study was designed to analyze the cardio-toxic side effect of Li and the ability of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) to protect the heart against such toxicity. After 30days of exposure to Li (0, 2, 5 and 100mg/kg bw) and prevention with GSSE (4000mg/kg bw), rats were killed by decapitation and their heart processed for Li-induced oxidative stress. Data mainly showed that Li increased lipoperoxidation and protein carbonylation, it decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and increased the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). Interestingly, GSSE efficiently alleviated all the deleterious effects of Li especially in low therapeutic doses. Based on our results, GSSE could be proposed as a nutritional supplement to mitigate the cardiotoxic side effects of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mezni
- Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives (LSBA), Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisie; Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisie.
| | - Hanène Aoua
- Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives (LSBA), Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisie; Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisie
| | - Olfa Khazri
- Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives (LSBA), Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisie; Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisie
| | - Ferid Limam
- Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives (LSBA), Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisie
| | - Ezzeddine Aouani
- Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives (LSBA), Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisie; Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisie
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