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Anuchi S, Campbell KLS, Hallett JP. Effects of the Ionic Liquid Structure on Porosity of Lignin-Derived Carbon Materials. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:15228-15241. [PMID: 37886039 PMCID: PMC10598883 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Converting lignin into advanced porous carbon materials, with desirable surface functionalities, can be challenging. While lignin-derived carbons produced by pyrolysis at >600 °C develop porosity, they also simultaneously lose nearly all their surface functional groups. By contrast, pyrolysis of lignin at lower temperatures (e.g., <400 °C) results in the formation of nonporous char that retains some surface functionalities. However, copyrolysis of lignin with some ionic liquids (ILs) at lower temperatures offers an opportunity to produce porous carbon materials with both large surface areas and an abundance of surface functional groups. This study investigates the effects of IL properties (solubility, thermal, and ionic size) on the specific surface areas of lignin-derived carbons produced by copyrolysis of lignin and ILs at 350-400 °C for 20 min. It was found that ILs that have bulky anions and small cation sizes can induce porosity in lignin-derived carbons with large surface areas. Among 16 ILs that were tested, [C2MIm][NTF2] demonstrated the best performance; the inclusion of it in the copyrolysis process resulted in lignin-derived carbons with ∼528 m2 g-1 and 0.48 cm3 g-1. Lignin-derived carbons produced using no IL, [C2MIm][NTF2], and [C4MIm][OTF] were further characterized for morphology, interfacial chemical, and elemental properties. The copyrolysis of lignin and [C2MIm][NTF2], and [C4MIm][OTF] resulted in doping of heteroatoms (N and S) on the porous carbon materials during pyrolysis reaction. The present findings contribute to a better understanding of the main property of ILs responsible for creating porosity in lignin carbon during pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson
O. Anuchi
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 1AZ, U.K.
| | | | - Jason P. Hallett
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 1AZ, U.K.
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Krishnan D, Schill L, Axet MR, Philippot K, Riisager A. Ruthenium Nanoparticles Stabilized with Methoxy-Functionalized Ionic Liquids: Synthesis and Structure-Performance Relations in Styrene Hydrogenation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091459. [PMID: 37177006 PMCID: PMC10180216 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs) were synthesized by the organometallic approach in different functionalized imidazolium ionic liquids (FILs). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed well-dispersed and narrow-sized RuNPs ranging from 1.3 to 2.2 nm, depending on the IL functionalization. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) allowed the interaction between the RuNPs and the ILs to be studied. The RuNPs stabilized by methoxy-based FILs (MEM and MME) displayed a good balance between catalytic activity and stability when evaluated in the hydrogenation of styrene (S) under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the catalysts showed total selectivity towards ethylbenzene (EB) under milder reaction conditions (5 bar, 30 °C) than reported in the literature for other RuNP catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthy Krishnan
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Leonhard Schill
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Rosa Axet
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Philippot
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Anders Riisager
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Thermal Decomposition, Low Temperature Phase Transitions and Vapor Pressure of Less Common Ionic Liquids Based on the Bis(trifuoromethanesulfonyl)imide Anion. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155255. [PMID: 35955189 PMCID: PMC9370012 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four ionic liquids (ILs) based on the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2) anion were synthesized and characterized concerning their thermal stability, the occurrence of low temperature phase transitions and their volatility. All these physical quantities are highly important for possible applications. Both monocationic and dicationic ILs were considered. All ILs exhibit thermal stability exceeding 350 °C, an extremely high value, due to the presence of the NTf2 anion. Monocationic ILs can undergo crystallization, and they melt at 1 and 38 °C. On the contrary, dicationic ILs containing large positively charged ions display only a glass transition around −40 °C, without any crystallization or melting process; this fact is particularly important in view of the possibly low temperature applications of the dication ILs. The vapor pressure, pv, of the four ILs was measured by isothermal thermogravimetry in the temperature range between 250 and 325 °C; the lowest values of pv were obtained for the two dicationic liquids, suggesting that they are particularly well suited for high temperature applications. The vaporization enthalpy was calculated through the Clausius–Clapeyron equation and was found in the range between ~140 and ~180 kJ/mol depending on the specific IL.
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Lithium battery enhanced by the combination of in-situ generated poly(ionic liquid) systems and TiO2 nanoparticles. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Finberg EA, Shiflett MB. Process Designs for Separating R-410A, R-404A, and R-407C Using Extractive Distillation and Ionic Liquid Entrainers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan A. Finberg
- Institute for Sustainable Engineering, University of Kansas, 1536 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Mark B. Shiflett
- Institute for Sustainable Engineering, University of Kansas, 1536 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Lotfi S, Ahmadi S, Kumar P. A hybrid descriptor based QSPR model to predict the thermal decomposition temperature of imidazolium ionic liquids using Monte Carlo approach. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Díez-Pascual AM. Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate- co-3-Hydroxyhexanoate). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142233. [PMID: 34300993 PMCID: PMC8309387 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The main shortcomings of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), which is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer used for biomedical and food packaging applications, are its low thermal stability, poor impact resistance and lack of antibacterial activity. This issue can be improved by blending with other biodegradable polymers such as polyhydroxyhexanoate to form poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx), which is a copolymer with better impact strength and lower melting point. However, PHBHHx shows reduced stiffness than PHB and poorer barrier properties against moisture and gases, which is a drawback for use in the food industry. In this regard, novel biodegradable PHBHHx/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites have been prepared via a simple, cheap and environmentally friendly solvent casting method to enhance the mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity. The morphology, mechanical, thermal, barrier and antibacterial properties of the nanocomposites were assessed via several characterization methods to show the enhancement in the biopolymer properties. The stiffness and strength of the biopolymer were enhanced up to 40% and 28%, respectively, related to the strong matrix-nanofiller interfacial adhesion attained via hydrogen bonding interactions. Moreover, the nanocomposites showed superior thermal stability (as far as 40 °C), lower water uptake (up to 70%) and better gas and vapour barrier properties (about 45 and 35% reduction) than neat PHBHHx. They also displayed strong biocide action against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. These bio-based nanocomposites with antimicrobial activity offer new perspectives for the replacement of traditional petroleum-based synthetic polymers currently used for food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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Noorhisham NA, Amri D, Mohamed AH, Yahaya N, Ahmad NM, Mohamad S, Kamaruzaman S, Osman H. Characterisation techniques for analysis of imidazolium-based ionic liquids and application in polymer preparation: A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abushammala H, Mao J. A Review on the Partial and Complete Dissolution and Fractionation of Wood and Lignocelluloses Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E195. [PMID: 31940847 PMCID: PMC7023464 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids have shown great potential in the last two decades as solvents, catalysts, reaction media, additives, lubricants, and in many applications such as electrochemical systems, hydrometallurgy, chromatography, CO2 capture, etc. As solvents, the unlimited combinations of cations and anions have given ionic liquids a remarkably wide range of solvation power covering a variety of organic and inorganic materials. Ionic liquids are also considered "green" solvents due to their negligible vapor pressure, which means no emission of volatile organic compounds. Due to these interesting properties, ionic liquids have been explored as promising solvents for the dissolution and fractionation of wood and cellulose for biofuel production, pulping, extraction of nanocellulose, and for processing all-wood and all-cellulose composites. This review describes, at first, the potential of ionic liquids and the impact of the cation/anion combination on their physiochemical properties and on their solvation power and selectivity to wood polymers. It also elaborates on how the dissolution conditions influence these parameters. It then discusses the different approaches, which are followed for the homogeneous and heterogeneous dissolution and fractionation of wood and cellulose using ionic liquids and categorize them based on the target application. It finally highlights the challenges of using ionic liquids for wood and cellulose dissolution and processing, including side reactions, viscosity, recyclability, and price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Abushammala
- Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research (WKI), Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jia Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Al-Ghurair University, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai P.O. Box 37374, UAE;
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Chen CC, Chen CY, Wu JH, Kang X. Fire and explosion hazards of ionic liquid 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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O'Harra KE, Kammakakam I, Bara JE, Jackson EM. Understanding the effects of backbone chemistry and anion type on the structure and thermal behaviors of imidazolium polyimide‐ionenes. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E O'Harra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| | - Irshad Kammakakam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| | - Jason E Bara
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
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