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Cook CE, Keter D, Cade WT, Winkelstein BA, Reed WR. Manual therapy and exercise effects on inflammatory cytokines: a narrative overview. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1305925. [PMID: 38745971 PMCID: PMC11091266 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1305925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Matching disease and treatment mechanisms is a goal of the Precision Medicine Initiative. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2, 10, and 12) have gained a significant amount of interest in their potential role in persistent pain for musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Manual therapy (MT) and exercise are two guideline-recommended approaches for treating MSK conditions. The objective of this narrative overview was to investigate of the effects of MT and exercise on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and determine the factors that lead to variability in results. Methods Two reviewers evaluated the direction and variabilities of MT and exercise literature. A red, yellow, and green light scoring system was used to define consistencies. Results Consistencies in responses were seen with acute and chronic exercise and both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic exercise is associated with a consistent shift towards a more anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2 and 13, whereas acute bouts of intense exercise can transiently increase pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. The influence of MT on cytokines was less commonly studied and yielded more variable results. Conclusion Variability in findings is likely related to the subject and their baseline condition or disease, when measurement occurs, and the exercise intensity, duration, and an individual's overall health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E. Cook
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Damian Keter
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - William Todd Cade
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Beth A. Winkelstein
- Departments of Bioengineering & Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William R. Reed
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Jin X, Chen Y, Xu B, Tian H. Exercise-Mediated Protection against Air Pollution-Induced Immune Damage: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Directions. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:247. [PMID: 38666859 PMCID: PMC11047937 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution, a serious risk factor for human health, can lead to immune damage and various diseases. Long-term exposure to air pollutants can trigger oxidative stress and inflammatory responses (the main sources of immune impairment) in the body. Exercise has been shown to modulate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant statuses, enhance immune cell activity, as well as protect against immune damage caused by air pollution. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effects of exercise on pollutant-induced damage and the safe threshold for exercise in polluted environments remain elusive. In contrast to the extensive research on the pathogenesis of air pollution and the preventive role of exercise in enhancing fitness, investigations into exercise resistance to injury caused by air pollution are still in their infancy. In this review, we analyze evidence from humans, animals, and cell experiments on the combined effects of exercise and air pollution on immune health outcomes, with an emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and immune cells. We also propose possible mechanisms and directions for future research on exercise resistance to pollutant-induced damage in the body. Furthermore, we suggest strengthening epidemiological studies at different population levels and investigations on immune cells to guide how to determine the safety thresholds for exercise in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bingxiang Xu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.J.); (Y.C.)
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.J.); (Y.C.)
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Khabiri P, Rahimi MR, Rashidi I, Nedaei SE. Impacts of an 8-week regimen of aged garlic extract and aerobic exercise on the levels of Fetuin-A and inflammatory markers in the liver and visceral fat tissue of obese male rats. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:79-88. [PMID: 38057040 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity-induced chronic low-grade systemic inflammation is linked to the development of numerous diseases. Fetuin-A is known to affect inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity conditions. Free fatty acid (FFA)-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in adipocytes occurs only in the presence of both Fetuin-A and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and removing either of them prevented FFA-induced insulin resistance. Aged garlic extract (AGE) and exercise training have anti-inflammatory effects; however, the impact of AGE on Fetuin-A is unknown. We examined the effects of AGE with or without aerobic training (AT) on Fetuin-A and inflammatory markers. METHODS Forty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal diet (ND) (n = 8) or high-fat diet (HFD) groups (n = 32) and fed for 9 weeks. After 9 weeks ND group continued normal diet, and the HFD group was randomly assigned to the HFD, HFD + AGE (600 mg/kg, once daily), HFD + AT (5 days/week), and HFD + AGE + AT groups that were continued for 8 weeks (n = 8). The significance of differences among groups was assessed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the post-hoc Tukey test. Statistically significant differences were considered for p < 0.05. RESULTS AGE, AT, and AGE + AT significantly decreased body weight, plasma Fetuin-A, HOMA-IR, mRNA and protein levels of Fetuin-A and NFƙB in the liver and mRNA and Protein levels of Fetuin-A, TLR4 and NFƙB in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) compared to HFD. However, only AGE + AT significantly decreased TLR4 protein levels in the liver. CONCLUSION Although AT and AGE reduce Fetuin-A and inflammatory markers, a combination of the two may be more effective at lowering inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Khabiri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rahman Rahimi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran.
| | - Iraj Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6715847141, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ershad Nedaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6715847141, Iran.
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Chen SW, Lin CY, Chen CY, Lin CL, Hsieh TL, Tsai FJ, Chang KH. Long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of Sarcopenia in adult residents of Taiwan: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2172. [PMID: 37932727 PMCID: PMC10629182 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an age-related, multifactorial syndrome. Previous studies have shown that air pollutants are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and sarcopenia is not completely understood. METHODS The Taiwan National Health Research Database (NHIRD) contains medical records of almost all Taiwanese residents. Daily air pollution data collected by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency was used to analyze concentrations of sulfur oxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10). The databases were merged according to the insurants' living area and the location of the air quality monitoring station. We categorized the pollutants into quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4). RESULTS Our study population consisted of 286,044 patients, among whom 54.9% were female and 45.1% were male. Compared to Q1 levels of pollutants, Q4 levels of SO2 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 8.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.84, 9.07); CO (aHR = 3.03; 95%CI = 2.83, 3.25); NO (aHR = 3.47; 95%CI = 3.23, 3.73); NO2 (aHR = 3.72; 95%CI = 3.48, 3.98); PM2.5 (aHR = 21.9; 95% CI = 19.7, 24.5) and PM10 (aHR = 15.6; 95%CI = 14.1, 17.4) increased risk of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated a significantly increased risk of sarcopenia in both male and female residents exposed to high levels of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Wen Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, 435, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Lin
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ying Chen
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, 435, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, 435, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, 435, Taiwan.
- Center for General Education, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- General Education Center, Nursing and Management, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Miaoli, 356, Taiwan.
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Naidu ST, Ferreira RM, Oliveira TDQ, Gondim FDL, Serra DS, Cavalcante FSÁ. Respiratory effects caused by exposure to diesel exhaust particles during moderate exercise: a murine model. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1536-1545. [PMID: 35446598 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00115.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is an increasing trend worldwide. However, people are increasingly exercising outdoors, alongside roadways where heavy vehicles release diesel exhaust. We analyzed respiratory effects caused by inhaled diesel particulate emitted by vehicles adhering to Brazilian legislation, PROCONVE Phase P7 (equivalent to EURO 5), as well the effects of exposure during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups for a 4-wk treadmill protocol: CE (n = 8) received intranasal sterile physiological saline and then performed moderate-intensity exercise (control), CS (n = 10) received saline and then remained stationary on the treadmill (control), DS (n = 9) received intranasal diesel exhaust particles and then remained stationary, and DE (n = 10) was exposed to diesel exhaust and then exercised at moderate intensity. Mice were subsequently connected to a mechanical ventilator (SCIREQ flexiVent, Canada) to analyze the following respiratory mechanics parameters: tissue resistance, elastance, inspiratory capacity, static compliance, Newtonian resistance, and pressure-volume loop area. After euthanasia, peripheral pulmonary tissue strips were extracted and subjected to force-length tests to evaluate parenchymal elastic and mechanical properties, using oscillations applied by a computer-controlled force transducer system; parameters obtained were tissue resistance, elastance, and hysteresivity. DS displayed impaired respiratory mechanics for all parameters, in comparison with CS. DE exhibited significantly reduced inspiratory capacity and static compliance, and increased Newtonian resistance when compared with CE. Exposure to diesel exhaust, both during exercise and rest, still exerts harmful pulmonary effects, even at current legislation limits. These results justify further changes in environmental standards, to reduce the health risks caused by traffic-related pollution.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise, while beneficial, is often performed in areas of greater inhaled particulates. Here we show this effect using mice exposed to controlled diesel particle inhalation and moderate aerobic exercise. Diesel particle inhalation, without or with exercise, worsened both respiratory mechanical properties associated with changes in lung tissue mechanics and morphometry.
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Qin F, Cui S, Dong Y, Xu M, Wang Z, Qu C, Zhao J. Aerobic exercise ameliorates particulate matter-induced lung injury in aging rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116889. [PMID: 33774542 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is an inflammatory-inducing factor that is considered to be related to many adverse respiratory problems, especially in the elderly. This study aimed to examine whether pre-exercise training could prevent pulmonary injury induced by urban PM2.5 in aging rats and investigate its relationship with inflammatory pathways. Male Wistar rats (aged 16 months) were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary, exercise, sedentary + PM2.5 exposure, and exercise + PM2.5 exposure. All rats in exercise-related groups were treadmill-trained for 8 weeks (65%-75% VO2max for 30 min every other day). Sedentary groups' rats lived freely in cages without exercise intervention. Rats in the PM-related groups were exposed to ambient PM2.5 (4 h day-1) for 2 weeks after an 8-week exercise intervention or sedentary treatment. Finally, all rats' pulmonary function, lung morphology, degree of inflammation, and relevant protein and mRNA transcript expression levels were examined. The results indicated that PM2.5 exposure induced lung injury in the sedentary + PM2.5 exposure group, as evidenced by the deterioration of pulmonary function, histopathological characteristics, and inflammatory changes. Aerobic exercise alleviated PM2.5-induced airway obstruction, deterioration of pulmonary function, bronchial mucosal exfoliation, and inflammatory responses in aging rats. These effects in exercise groups were associated with the increased expression of intracellular 70 kDa heat shock protein (iHSP70) and the suppression of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, as confirmed by increased expression of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) and a reduction in phospho-IKBα (p-IκBα), which is regulated by inhibiting kappa B kinase beta (IKKβ). Taken together, aerobic pre-exercise had protective effects on lung injury and reduced vulnerability to inflammation induced by PM2.5 exposure, possibly through the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathways mediated by the extracellular-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio. Pre-exercise training may be an effective way to protect against PM2.5-induced lung toxicity in aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqiang Cui
- Beijing Research Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Dong
- Beijing Research Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, China
| | - Minxiao Xu
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Changzhou Research Institute of Science and Medical Treatment, Changzhou, China
| | - Chaoyi Qu
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiexiu Zhao
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
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Al-Kindi SG, Brook RD, Biswal S, Rajagopalan S. Environmental determinants of cardiovascular disease: lessons learned from air pollution. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:656-672. [PMID: 32382149 PMCID: PMC7492399 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is well recognized as a major risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases and has been estimated to contribute more to global morbidity and mortality than all other known environmental risk factors combined. Although air pollution contains a heterogeneous mixture of gases, the most robust evidence for detrimental effects on health is for fine particulate matter (particles ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5)) and ozone gas and, therefore, these species have been the main focus of environmental health research and regulatory standards. The evidence to date supports a strong link between the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with PM2.5 across a range of exposure levels, including to levels below current regulatory standards, with no 'safe' lower exposure levels at the population level. In this comprehensive Review, the empirical evidence supporting the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health are examined, potential mechanisms that lead to increased cardiovascular risk are described, and measures to reduce this risk and identify key gaps in our knowledge that could help address the increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeer G Al-Kindi
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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8
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Zhou L, Li P, Zhang M, Han B, Chu C, Su X, Li B, Kang H, Ning J, Zhang B, Ma S, Su D, Pang Y, Niu Y, Zhang R. Carbon black nanoparticles induce pulmonary fibrosis through NLRP3 inflammasome pathway modulated by miR-96 targeted FOXO3a. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125075. [PMID: 31683435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black nanoparticle (CBNP) is a core constituent of air pollutants like fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as well as a common manufactural material. It was proved to pose adverse effects on lung function and even provoke pulmonary fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of CBNPs-induced pulmonary fibrosis remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of fibrotic effects caused by CBNPs in rat lung and human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. Forty-nine male rats were randomly subjected to 7 groups, means the 14-day exposure group (30 mg/m3), the 28-day exposure groups (5 mg/m3 and 30 mg/m3), the 90-day exposure group (30 mg/m3) and their respective controls. Rats were nose-only-inhaled CBNPs. 16HBE cells were treated with 0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL CBNPs respectively for 24 h. Besides, Forkhead transcription factor class O (FOXO)3a and miR-96 overexpression or suppression 16HBE cells were established to reveal relative mechanisms. Our results suggested CBNPs induced pulmonary fibrosis in time- and dose-dependent manners. CBNPs induced persisting inflammation in rat lung as observed by histopathology and cytology analyses in whole lung lavage fluid (WLL). Both in vivo and in vitro, CBNPs exposure significantly increased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome, accompanied by the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased miR-96 and increased FOXO3a expressions dose -and time-dependently. MiR-96 overexpression or FOXO3a suppression could partially rescue the fibrotic effects through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusively, our research show that CBNPs-induced pulmonary fibrosis was at least partially depended on activation of NLRP3 inflammasome which modulated by miR-96 targeting FOXO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Mengyue Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Binghua Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Hui Kang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Shitao Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Dong Su
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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Santibáñez-Andrade M, Chirino YI, González-Ramírez I, Sánchez-Pérez Y, García-Cuellar CM. Deciphering the Code between Air Pollution and Disease: The Effect of Particulate Matter on Cancer Hallmarks. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010136. [PMID: 31878205 PMCID: PMC6982149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has been recognized as a global health problem, causing around 7 million deaths worldwide and representing one of the highest environmental crises that we are now facing. Close to 30% of new lung cancer cases are associated with air pollution, and the impact is more evident in major cities. In this review, we summarize and discuss the evidence regarding the effect of particulate matter (PM) and its impact in carcinogenesis, considering the “hallmarks of cancer” described by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2000 and 2011 as a guide to describing the findings that support the impact of particulate matter during the cancer continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Santibáñez-Andrade
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México CP 14080, DF, Mexico; (M.S.-A.); (I.G.-R.)
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Imelda González-Ramírez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México CP 14080, DF, Mexico; (M.S.-A.); (I.G.-R.)
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México CP 14080, DF, Mexico; (M.S.-A.); (I.G.-R.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.-P.); (C.M.G.-C.); Tel.: +52-(55)-3693-5200 (Y.S.-P. & C.M.G.-C.)
| | - Claudia M. García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México CP 14080, DF, Mexico; (M.S.-A.); (I.G.-R.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.-P.); (C.M.G.-C.); Tel.: +52-(55)-3693-5200 (Y.S.-P. & C.M.G.-C.)
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Li X, Kang B, Eom Y, Lee HK, Kim HM, Song JS. The Protective Effect of a Topical Mucin Secretagogue on Ocular Surface Damage Induced by Airborne Carbon Black Exposure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:255-264. [PMID: 30649152 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exposure to airborne particulate matter can induce ocular surface damage and inflammation. We evaluated the effects of a topical mucin secretagogue on the mitigation of ocular surface damage induced by exposure to airborne carbon black (CB). Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ambient CB for 2 hours twice daily for 5 days. Corneal staining score and tear lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured to evaluate ocular surface damage. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgE levels and the sizes of cervical lymph nodes were also measured. The expressions of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, and interferon (IFN)-γ were measured by Western blot analysis. Diquafosol tetrasodium was instilled six times a day for 5 days, and the extent of ocular surface damage was evaluated. Results After exposure to airborne CB, the median corneal staining score and LDH activity were significantly increased. Serum IgG and IgE levels and the sizes of cervical lymph nodes were also significantly increased. Additionally, the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ was elevated in the anterior segment of the eyeball. Furthermore, the expression of IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ was elevated in the cervical lymph nodes. When exposed to airborne black carbon, topical diquafosol tetrasodium significantly increased tear MUC5AC concentration and decreased tear LDH activity. Conclusions Exposure to airborne CB induced ocular surface damage and increased proinflammatory cytokines in the eyes and cervical lymph nodes. Topical mucin secretagogues seem to have a protective effect on the ocular surface against exposure to airborne particulate matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhe Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boram Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngsub Eom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Myung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Suk Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Fan HC, Chen CY, Hsu YC, Chou RH, Teng CLJ, Chiu CH, Hsu CY, Muo CH, Chang MY, Chang KH. Increased risk of incident nasopharyngeal carcinoma with exposure to air pollution. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204568. [PMID: 30265690 PMCID: PMC6161893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a race-specific malignancy. The nasal cavity is the main entry point for air pollutants or poisonous gases into the human body. However, the risk of NPC in populations exposed to air pollution remains unknown. Methods We combined data from the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database (TAQMD) and the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) to assess the risk of NPC in a population exposed to air pollution. Results Multivariate analysis revealed positive trends for the association between the risk of NPC and exposure to air pollution. After adjusting for potential covariates, the risk of developing NPC increased with the increase in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure concentrations from 1.39 to 2.28 and 2.01 to 1.97, respectively, compared to the risks at the lowest concentration levels. Conclusions We identified a significant risk of NPC in a population exposed to air pollution. However, this study had several limitations. Moreover, additional experimental and clinical studies on the associations between environmental factors and NPC risk are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ying Chen
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yin Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Cavalcante PAM, Gregnani MF, Henrique JS, Ornellas FH, Araújo RC. Aerobic but not Resistance Exercise Can Induce Inflammatory Pathways via Toll-Like 2 and 4: a Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2017; 3:42. [PMID: 29185059 PMCID: PMC5705532 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-017-0111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies have addressed the relationship between toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) and the production of local and systemic cytokines in response to physical exercise, and they have produced conflicting results. We aimed to determine whether acute and chronic exercise outcomes are associated with changes in TLR2 and TLR4 expression and signaling and if so, the mechanisms that connect them. METHODS PubMed database were consulted. This systematic review selected 39 articles, 26 involving humans and 13 based on rodents. RESULTS In acute resistance exercise studies, 75% reported a decrease in TLR4 or TLR2 expression and 25% did not find differences. For chronic resistance exercise studies, 67% reported a reduction of expression and 33% did not find differences. Studies of both types reported reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines. In acute aerobic exercise studies, 40% revealed a decline in the expression of the receptors, 7% reported no significant difference, 40% showed an increase, and 13% did not evaluate their expression. Fifty-eight percent of studies of chronic aerobic exercise revealed a reduction in expression, 17% did not find a difference, and 25% reported increases; they also suggested that the expression of the receptors might be correlated with that of inflammatory cytokines. In studies on combined exercise, 50% reported a decline in receptors expression and 50% did not find a difference. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the articles (54%) link different types of exercise to a decline in TLR4 and TLR2 expression. However, aerobic exercise may induce inflammations through its influence on these receptor pathways. Higher levels of inflammation were seen in acute sessions (40%) than regular sessions (25%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Andréa Malveira Cavalcante
- Medicine (Nephrology) Program, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Exercise Genetics and Metabolism, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- , Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669/9and., 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Fernandes Gregnani
- Molecular Biology Program, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Genetics and Metabolism, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Salles Henrique
- Neurology/Neuroscience Program, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Exercise Neurophysiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Henrique Ornellas
- Medicine (Nephrology) Program, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Genetics and Metabolism, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Carvalho Araújo
- Medicine (Nephrology) Program, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Program, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Genetics and Metabolism, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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