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Alexander EF, Backes BL, Johnson MD. Evaluating Measures of Intimate Partner Violence Using Consensus-Based Standards of Validity. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:1549-1567. [PMID: 33969760 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211013413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of intimate partner violence (IPV) by mental health, medical, and criminal justice practitioners occurs routinely. The validity of the assessment instrument they use impacts practitioners' ability to judge ongoing risk, establish the type of IPV occurring, protect potential victims, and intervene effectively. Yet, there is no known compendium of existing assessment measures. The purpose of this article is threefold: (1) to present a systematic review of measures used to identify or predict IPV, (2) to determine which of these measures have psychometric evidence to support their use, and (3) to determine whether any existing measure is capable of differentiating between situational couple violence and intimate terrorism. A systematic search was conducted using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Studies on the reliability or validity of specific measures of IPV were included, regardless of format, length, discipline, or type of IPV assessed. A total of 222 studies, on the psychometric properties of 87 unique measures, met our a priori criteria and were included in the review. We described the reliability and validity of the 87 measures. We rated the measures based on the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments-revised criteria and other established validity criteria, which allowed us to generate a list of recommended measures. We also discussed measures designed to differentiate IPV types. We conclude by describing the strengths and weaknesses of existing measures and by suggesting new avenues for researchers to enhance the assessment of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin F Alexander
- Department of Psychology, 14787Binghamton University (SUNY), NY, USA
| | - Bethany L Backes
- Department of Criminal Justice, School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Matthew D Johnson
- Department of Psychology, 14787Binghamton University (SUNY), NY, USA
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Mohammadi M, Nedjat S, Dargahpour M, Mehri A, Majdzadeh R. Factors Associated With Self-Burning Among Women in Reproductive Age of Ilam: A Case-Control Study in a Western Part of Iran. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:707-715. [PMID: 33017267 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1823917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-burning is one way that some people choose to commit suicide, and it has been seen in many nations. This problem is considered as an uncommon method in developed countries and a common method of suicide in developing countries. The present study aimed to identify the factors associated with self-burning among Iranian women in reproductive age. METHOD This case-control study was conducted among 228 (57 cases and 171 controls) women in reproductive age from the Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ilam. A self-report questionnaire was used to determine factors associated with self-burning, including job status, domestic violence, mental health status, education levels, smoking and alcohol use, forced marriage, socioeconomic status, drug history, and family history of self-burning. Data analysis was performed using simple and multiple logistic regression to control the effects of possible confounders. RESULTS There was a significant positive association between self-burning and being unemployed and a housewife. Also, the presence of self-burning was increasingly associated with high domestic violence and having history of forced marriage and decreasingly associated with post-diploma education level and a high socioeconomic level. CONCLUSION It is recommended that health and social policy makers pay attention to the social and economic aspects that cause self-burning in women to prevent this problem.
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Sotoodeh Ghorbani S, Ghaffari M, Hashemi Nazari SS. Psychometric properties of Haj-Yahia's questionnaire of violence against women in a sample of married women in Tehran, Iran. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:448. [PMID: 35255890 PMCID: PMC8900410 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abuse against women causes great suffering for the victims and is an important health problem among women. To date, a few screening instruments for wife abuse exist for married women in Iran, but they only assess some of the wife abuse components. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Haj-Yahia's Questionnaire in a sample of married women residing in Tehran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a population consisting of married women in Tehran, among which 471 individuals were selected using convenience sampling method. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated using face validity, content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and stability. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the weighted least square mean and variance adjusted. We performed confirmatory factor analysis using Mplus version 8 software and for other calculations, we used STATA V14. RESULTS The quantitative results of face validity and content validity indicated that all items of the questionnaire were in acceptable range, and were retained in the study. In CFA results, the model fit indices were acceptable (TLI = 0.986, CFI = 0.987, RMSEA = 0.039 and SRMR = 0.057). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for psychological abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and economic abuse were estimated 0.90, 0.93, 0.79, and 0.78 respectively, and an alpha of 0.95 was found for the total questionnaire. The intra-cluster correlation index was 0.98. CONCLUSIONS Findings showed that the Persian version of the questionnaire of violence against women made it possible to evaluate various dimensions of violence using 4 factors and showed good construct validity and internal reliability in the female population in Iran; therefore, it can be used in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sotoodeh Ghorbani
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohtasham Ghaffari
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yari A, Zahednezhad H, Gheshlagh RG, Kurdi A. Frequency and determinants of domestic violence against Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1727. [PMID: 34551732 PMCID: PMC8457898 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Domestic violence (social, legal, and health violence) is the most common type of violence against women. Due to factors such as the current quarantine, this type of violence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to assess the frequency of domestic violence against women and identify the risk factor among Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This online cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 Iranian women during May-June 2020. Data were collected using a domestic violence questionnaire, which measured three forms of violence, including physical, emotional, and sexual violence. A link of the questionnaire was distributed among anonymous subjects through social networking apps, such as WhatsApp and Telegram. The subjects were asked to complete the questionnaire based on their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and a regression model. RESULTS The descriptive results showed that the mean domestic violence against women in all the participants was 34.9 (SD: 17.28). In addition, 26.6% (n = 84), 26.1% (n = 53), and 21.2% of the subjects (n = 43) experienced high levels of physical, emotional, and sexual violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The regression model also indicated that lower age, illiteracy/primary education, previous marriage(s), and unwanted/unwise marriage were the significant risk factors for domestic violence against women. CONCLUSION According to the results, domestic violence against women is common among Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, strategies are urgently needed to prevent and minimize such domestic violence, and such strategies could be adopted through providing educational opportunities, raising awareness, promoting wanted/wise marriage, and providing social support and rehabilitation opportunities to vulnerable social groups, especially vulnerable women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Yari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hosein Zahednezhad
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Spiritual Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of MedicalSciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amanj Kurdi
- Lecturer in Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacy Practice, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
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Gheshlagh RG, Abdi K, Ebadi A, Moradveisi B, Hosseini SE, Zahednezhad H. Development and validation of the Domestic Violence during Quarantine Scale (DVQS). JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG 2021; 31:723-729. [PMID: 34123707 PMCID: PMC8186019 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Domestic violence is a common health problem that often affects women’s mental health. Although domestic violence may not be reported during quarantine, it may increase due to increased restrictions. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to develop and validate the Domestic Violence during Quarantine Scale (DVQS) on a sample from Iran. Methods Two hundred and three Iranians participated in this study and completed online questionnaires. This cross-sectional and methodological study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, item pool generation and questionnaire design was carried out through literature review. In the second phase, psychometric properties were assessed via an exploratory factors analysis (EFA). Internal consistency was examined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and McDonalds’ Omega. Results In the EFA, three factors, including humiliation (seven items), threatening (six items), and restriction (four items) were extracted that together explained 64.4% of the variance of domestic violence during quarantine. Using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the internal consistency of humiliation, threatening, and restriction was found to be 0.90, 0.896, and 0.76 respectively, and an alpha of 0.927 was found for the total scale. In addition, using McDonalds’ Omega, internal consistencies of 0.82, 0.84, and 0.78 were found for the three factors respectively. Conclusion The DVQS has good validity and reliability; therefore, it can be used in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Spiritual Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kamel Abdi
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulimaniya City, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Borhan Moradveisi
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Esmat Hosseini
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Zahednezhad
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Goessmann K, Ibrahim H, Saupe LB, Neuner F. Toward a Contextually Valid Assessment of Partner Violence: Development and Psycho-Sociometric Evaluation of the Gendered Violence in Partnerships Scale (GVPS). Front Psychol 2021; 11:607671. [PMID: 33505338 PMCID: PMC7829677 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a new measure for intimate partner violence (IPV), the Gendered Violence in Partnerships Scale (GVPS). The scale was developed in the Middle East with the aim to contribute to the global perspective on IPV by providing a contextual assessment tool for partner violence against women in violent-torn settings embedded in a patriarchal social structure. In an effort to generate a scale including IPV items relevant to the women of the population, a pragmatic step-wise procedure, with focus group discussions and expert panels, was performed. The study’s analyses resulted in an 18-item checklist featuring four subscales of the GVPS that are based on a new typology of male-to-female partner violence presenting an alternative to the commonly used classification by type of abuse (i.e., physical, psychological, sexual acts). Therein, dominating behaviors, existential threats, impulsive aggression, and aggravated physical assault were identified as reflective of the lived realities of women in the war-torn Middle East, which was confirmed in factor analysis. The scale’s psychometric properties were assessed with data from 1,009 displaced women in Iraq, and associations with measures of psychopathology were determined. Implications for IPV assessment and prevention possibilities in humanitarian contexts and beyond are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Goessmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hawkar Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Koya University, Koya, Iraq.,Vivo International, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Laura B Saupe
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Frank Neuner
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Vivo International, Konstanz, Germany
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Vaseai F, Namdar Areshtanab H, Ebrahimi H, Arshadi Bostanabad M. İranlı kadınlara yönelik aile içi şiddetin yaygınlığı ve öngörülebilirliği. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.506682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tanaka H, Nagata Y, Ishimaru D, Ogawa Y, Fukuhara K, Nishikawa T. Clinical Utility of the Cognitive Test for Severe Dementia: Factor Analysis, Minimal Detectable Change, and Longitudinal Changes. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2018; 8:214-225. [PMID: 29983704 PMCID: PMC6031943 DOI: 10.1159/000488937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study sought to conduct additional analyses of the Cognitive Test for Severe Dementia (CTSD) using the COSMIN checklist to ensure the development of adequate outcome measures. Methods The following analyses were conducted: (1) factor analyses were used to evaluate construct validity; (2) the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were assessed to evaluate reliability and interpretability; and (3) longitudinal change was assessed to evaluate responsiveness. Results The CTSD factor analysis yielded 2 factors, each of which was dichotomized by the passage rate of each item. We calculated a SEM and MDC of 1.6 and 3.6 points, respectively. Finally, the mean CTSD score showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) over time, and the change in score exceeded the SEM and MDC. Conclusion Our results indicate that the CTSD could provide a reliable outcome measure in severe dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Yuma Nagata
- Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Daiki Ishimaru
- Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ogawa
- Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Keita Fukuhara
- Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishikawa
- Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Habikino City, Japan
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