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Pecori Giraldi F, Ferraù F, Ragonese M, Cannavò S. Endocrine disruptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cortisol secretion. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:2407-2419. [PMID: 38637430 PMCID: PMC11393124 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endocrine disruptors exert a plethora of effects in endocrine tissues, from altered function to carcinogenesis. Given its lipophilic nature, the adrenal cortex represents an ideal target for endocrine disruptors and thus, possibly, xenobiotic-induced adrenocortical dysfunction. However, there is no clear understanding of the effect of endocrine disruptors on adrenal steroidogenesis, in particular as regards the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway, one of the key mediators. METHODS The present review recapitulates available evidence on the effects of AHR ligands on adrenal steroidogenesis, with focus on cortisol secretion. RESULTS Short-term exposure to AHR ligands most often induced a stress-like corticosteroid response followed by decreased responsiveness to stressors with long-term exposure. This was observed in several experimental models across species as well as in animals and humans in real-life settings. Prenatal exposure led to different effects according to sex of the offspring, as observed in murine models and in children from mothers in several countries. In vitro findings proved highly dependent on the experimental setting, with reduced cortisol response and steroidogenic enzyme synthesis mostly observed in fish and increased cortisol synthesis and secretion observed in murine and human adrenal cell lines. Of note, no AHR-binding element was detected in steroidogenic enzyme promoters, suggesting the involvement of additional factors. CONCLUSION Our review provides evidence for the impact of AHR ligands on adrenocortical function and indicates further avenues of research to better clarify its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pecori Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 19, Milan, Italy.
| | - F Ferraù
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi,", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Ragonese
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi,", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Cannavò
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi,", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Knapczyk-Stwora K, Kozlowska A, Jastrzabek D, Grzesiak M, Slomczynska M, Koziorowski M. Impact of endocrine-active compounds on adrenal androgen production in pigs during neonatal period. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104435. [PMID: 38588759 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of neonatal exposure to endocrine-active compounds (EACs): flutamide (antiandrogen), 4-tert-octylphenol (an estrogenic compound), and methoxychlor (an organochlorine insecticide exhibiting estrogenic, antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic activities) on androgen production within porcine adrenal glands. The expression of genes related to androgen synthesis and the level of androgen production were analyzed (i) in the adrenal glands of piglets exposed to EACs during the first 10 days of life (in vivo study), and (ii) in adrenal explants from sow-fed or formula-fed 10-day-old piglets incubated with EACs (ex vivo study). EACs affected the expression of genes linked to adrenal androgen biosynthesis. The prominent effect of methoxychlor on downregulation of StAR, CYP11A1 and HSD3B and upregulation of CYP17A1 and SULT2A1 were demonstrated. Furthermore, our study revealed divergent response to EACs between sow-fed and formula-fed piglets, suggesting that natural feeding may provide protection against adverse EACs effects, particularly those interfering with estrogens action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Knapczyk-Stwora
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow 30-387, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kozlowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Damian Jastrzabek
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Grzesiak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Maria Slomczynska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, Rzeszow 35-310, Poland; Interdisciplinary Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 2, Kolbuszowa 36-100, Poland
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Yaglova NV, Obernikhin SS, Yaglov VV, Nazimova SV, Timokhina EP, Tsomartova DA. Low-Dose Exposure to Endocrine Disruptor Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) Affects Transcriptional Regulation of Adrenal Zona Reticularis in Male Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:682-685. [PMID: 33788101 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study examined transcriptional regulation of adrenal zona reticularis development in male Wistar rats exposed to low doses of endocrine disruptor dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) prenatally and postnatally. At pubertal age, zona reticularis demonstrated a retarded growth with a low proliferative activity of its cells. At this age, zona reticularis was characterized with overexpression of β-catenin by steroid-producing cells; a high percentage of cells with membrane and cytoplasmic localization of β-catenin, and reduced number of cells with nuclear β-catenin attesting to insufficient activation of Wnt signaling. Expression of transcriptional factor Oct4 by reticularis cells was down-regulated indicating their diminished proliferative potency. No significant alterations in Sonic Hedgehog expression were observed. Thus, DDT-provoked disorders of transcriptional regulation result in abnormal development of zona reticularis thereby disturbing sexual maturation in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Yaglova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - V V Yaglov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Nazimova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E P Timokhina
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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Yaglova N, Yaglov V. Endocrine Disruptors as a New Etiologic Factor of Bone Tissue Diseases (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 13:84-94. [PMID: 34513081 PMCID: PMC8353721 DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, diseases of bones and joints stand third after cardiovascular and oncological pathologies which demands the necessity of searching for new etiological factors and pathogenetical mechanisms of these illnesses. The accumulating data show the association between the impairment of bone tissue development and regeneration and endocrine disruptor impact. Endocrine disruptors are chemical substances, mainly of anthropogenic origin, capable of affecting endocrine system functioning and interfering with organ morphogenesis and physiological functions. The development and regeneration of bone tissues have a complex hormonal regulation and therefore bone tissue cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts can be considered as potential targets for endocrine disruptors. Endocrine disruptors have been established to be able to impair calcium metabolism which also contributes to the development of musculoskeletal system pathology. Data on histogenesis of bone tissue and regeneration, calcium metabolism as well as on hormonal regulation of bone growth and remodeling processes are presented in this work. Recent information on the effect of the main endocrine disruptor classes (diethylstilbestrol, organochlorine pesticides, alkylphenols, bisphenol A, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and phthalic acid esters) on the development and remodeling of bone tissues and calcium metabolism has been summarized. The established physiological and molecular mechanisms of their action have been also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.V. Yaglova
- Head of the Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy St., Moscow, 117418, Russia
| | - V.V. Yaglov
- Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy St., Moscow, 117418, Russia
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Ultrastructural Mechanisms of Impaired Aldosterone Synthesis in Rats Exposed to DDT during Prenatal and Postnatal Development. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 170:101-105. [PMID: 33231799 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-05013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The study is aimed at elucidation of ultrastructural mechanisms underlying impaired aldosterone synthesis by glomerulosa cells in Wistar rats exposed to low doses of endocrine disrupter DDT during prenatal and postnatal development. Analysis of rat zona glomerulosa histology and function during the pubertal and postpubertal periods showed that exposure to endocrine disrupter DDT disturbs its development and reduced the production of aldosterone. Electron microscopy showed that changes in the aldosterone synthesis are related to impaired reorganization of the mitochondrial apparatus, one of the leading factors in the regulation of steroidogenesis, in glomerulosa cells in DDT-exposed rats during puberty.
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Yaglova NV, Tsomartova ES, Obernikhin SS, Ivanova MY, Chereshneva EV, Muhamedova SG, Lomanovskaya TA, Yaglov VV. Developmental exposure to low doses of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane impairs proliferative response of thymic lymphocytes to Concanavalin A in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03608. [PMID: 32195406 PMCID: PMC7078513 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research was to study formation of thymic lymphocytes proliferative response to T cell mitogen Concanavalin A in 7, 42, and 70 days-old male Wistar rats developmentally exposed to low doses of endocrine disruptor dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (2.90 ± 0.13 μg/kg body weight). The thymus of the exposed rats did not show morphological abnormalities. Exposure to the endocrine disrupter was found to alter age-dependent changes of thymic lymphocyte proliferative activity and attenuate proliferative response to Concanavalin A in puberty and adulthood. Insufficient response to mitogen was mediated by higher content of actively proliferating Ki-67-positive lymphoblasts compared to the control values. Insufficient proliferative response to mitogen in developmentally exposed to the endocrine disruptor rats may provide higher risk of impaired cellular immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya V. Yaglova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elina S. Tsomartova
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Obernikhin
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Y. Ivanova
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V. Chereshneva
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Muhamedova
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Lomanovskaya
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin V. Yaglov
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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Yaglova NV, Tsomartova ES, Nazimova SV, Obernikhin SS, Mukhamedova SG, Pashina NR, Musaeva DO. Morphological Changes in the Thymus of Newborn Rats Exposed to Endocrine Disruptor Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) during the Prenatal Period. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:297-299. [PMID: 31243676 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the thymus in newborn rats exposed in utero to endocrine disruptor DDT was studied. We found that exposure to low doses of DDT during pregnancy does not disturb thymus formation in the offspring, but leads to changes in its structure than manifested as slower lobulation, wider epithelium-free areas in the cortex, and lower number of thymic corpuscles in the medulla. The results attest to sensitivity of the reticuloepithelial stroma of the thymus to the effects of endocrine disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Yaglova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E S Tsomartova
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Nazimova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S S Obernikhin
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S G Mukhamedova
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N R Pashina
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D O Musaeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Changes in Secretory Activity of Adrenal Zona Fasciculata Cells in Pubertal Rats Exposed to Low Doses of DDT in Different Periods of Ontogeny. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:283-286. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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