[The effect of rifampicin on the system of Toll-like receptors in the nucleus accumbens of the brain of long-term alcoholized rats during alcohol withdrawal]

The effect of rifampicin on expression of the toll-like receptor system genes in the forebrain cortex of rats prenatally exposed to alcohol

Ethanol causes long-term changes in the toll-like receptor (TLR) system, promoting activation of neuroinflammation pathways. Alcohol use during pregnancy causes neuroinflammatory processes in the fetus; this can lead to the development of symptoms of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Our study has shown that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) induced long-term changes in the TLR system genes (Tlr3, Tlr4, Ticam, Hmgb1, cytokine genes) in the forebrain cortex of rat pups. Administration of rifampicin (Rif), which can reduce the level of pro-inflammatory mediators in various pathological conditions of the nervous system, normalized the altered expression level of the studied TLR system genes. This suggests that Rif can prevent the development of persistent neuroinflammatory events in the forebrain cortex of rat pups caused by dysregulation in the TLR system.

[Ginsenosides affect the system of Toll-like receptors in the brain of rats under conditions of long-term alcohol withdrawal]

Long-term alcohol consumption causes the development of neuroinflammation in various brain structures. One of the mechanisms involved in this process is the increased activity of TLR-signaling intracellular pathways. Studies confirm the ability of ginseng extract or its individual ginsenosides to reduce the increased activity of TLR-signaling pathways. The aim of our study was to study the effect of the amount of ginsenosides obtained from the extract of the Panax japonicus cell line on the state of the TLR-signaling system in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus of the rat brain in a model of long-term alcohol consumption during alcohol withdrawal. The results of the study showed that ginsenosides were able to make changes in the TLR signaling system, which has been altered by long-term alcohol consumption. A significant effect of ginsenosides on the level of TLR3 and TLR4 mRNA in the nucleus accumbens was found, while in the hippocampus, ginsenosides significantly affected the level of TLR7 mRNA. The effect of ginsenosides on the level of mRNA of transcription factors and cytokines involved in TLR-signaling was evaluated. Thus, results of our study confirm that ginsenosides are able to influence the state of TLR-signaling pathways, but this effect is multidirectional in relation to different brain structures. In the future, it seems interesting to evaluate the role of individual ginsenosides in relation to genes of TLR-signaling, as well as the effect of ginsenosides on other brain structures.