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Mederos-Luis E, Poza-Guedes P, Pineda F, Sánchez-Machín I, González-Pérez R. Gastropod Allergy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5950-5964. [PMID: 38921026 PMCID: PMC11202862 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Food allergies have increased significantly in recent decades, with shellfish being a leading cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide, affecting both children and adults. The prevalence of shellfish allergies is estimated to be approximately 0.5-2.5% of the general population, varying significantly by geographical location, age, and consumption habits. Although mollusk consumption has risen, the prevalence of mollusk allergies remains unknown. While extensive research has focused on crustacean allergies, mollusk allergies, particularly those related to gastropods, have received comparatively less attention. Clinical manifestations of shellfish allergy range from localized symptoms to life-threatening systemic reactions, such as anaphylaxis. Notably, severe bronchospasm is a predominant clinical feature in cases involving gastropods. Several allergens have been identified in mollusks, including paramyosin, tropomyosin, and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein. In gastropods, documented allergens include tropomyosin, paramyosin, the heavy chain of myosin, and Der p 4 amylase. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough clinical history, skin testing, in vitro quantification of immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and confirmation through an oral challenge, although the latter is reserved for selected cases. This narrative review highlights the limited research on gastropod allergy. It provides a comprehensive list of purified and recombinant allergens and discusses the applications of component-resolved diagnosis as well as current therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mederos-Luis
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (P.P.-G.); (I.S.-M.)
- Food Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Paloma Poza-Guedes
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (P.P.-G.); (I.S.-M.)
- Food Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Severe Asthma Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (IISC), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Sánchez-Machín
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (P.P.-G.); (I.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (IISC), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
- Allergen Immunotherapy Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ruperto González-Pérez
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (P.P.-G.); (I.S.-M.)
- Severe Asthma Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (IISC), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
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Giannetti A, Pession A, Bettini I, Ricci G, Giannì G, Caffarelli C. IgE Mediated Shellfish Allergy in Children-A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3112. [PMID: 37513530 PMCID: PMC10386692 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Shellfish is a leading cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide. Recent advances in molecular characterization have led to a better understanding of the allergen profile. High sequence homology between shellfish species and between shellfish and house dust mites leads to a high serological cross-reactivity, which does not accurately correlate with clinical cross-reactions. Clinical manifestations are immediate and the predominance of perioral symptoms is a typical feature of shellfish allergy. Diagnosis, as for other food allergies, is based on SPTs and specific IgE, while the gold standard is DBPCFC. Cross-reactivity between shellfish is common and therefore, it is mandatory to avoid all shellfish. New immunotherapeutic strategies based on hypoallergens and other innovative approaches represent the new frontiers for desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giannetti
- Paediatrics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Pession
- Paediatrics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Irene Bettini
- Paediatrics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Giannì
- Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Medicine and Surgery Department, Università di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Medicine and Surgery Department, Università di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
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Giovannini M, Beken B, Buyuktiryaki B, Barni S, Liccioli G, Sarti L, Lodi L, Pontone M, Bartha I, Mori F, Sackesen C, du Toit G, Lopata AL, Muraro A. IgE-Mediated Shellfish Allergy in Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:2714. [PMID: 37375617 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shellfish, including various species of mollusks (e.g., mussels, clams, and oysters) and crustaceans (e.g., shrimp, prawn, lobster, and crab), have been a keystone of healthy dietary recommendations due to their valuable protein content. In parallel with their consumption, allergic reactions related to shellfish may be increasing. Adverse reactions to shellfish are classified into different groups: (1) Immunological reactions, including IgE and non-IgE allergic reactions; (2) non-immunological reactions, including toxic reactions and food intolerance. The IgE-mediated reactions occur within about two hours after ingestion of the shellfish and range from urticaria, angioedema, nausea, and vomiting to respiratory signs and symptoms such as bronchospasm, laryngeal oedema, and anaphylaxis. The most common allergenic proteins involved in IgE-mediated allergic reactions to shellfish include tropomyosin, arginine kinase, myosin light chain, sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein, troponin c, and triosephosphate isomerase. Over the past decades, the knowledge gained on the identification of the molecular features of different shellfish allergens improved the diagnosis and the potential design of allergen immunotherapy for shellfish allergy. Unfortunately, immunotherapeutic studies and some diagnostic tools are still restricted in a research context and need to be validated before being implemented into clinical practice. However, they seem promising for improving management strategies for shellfish allergy. In this review, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of shellfish allergies in children are presented. The cross-reactivity among different forms of shellfish and immunotherapeutic approaches, including unmodified allergens, hypoallergens, peptide-based, and DNA-based vaccines, are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Burcin Beken
- Department of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Buyuktiryaki
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Liccioli
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Sarti
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lodi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Immunology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Pontone
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Bartha
- Pediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Cansin Sackesen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - George du Toit
- Pediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore 387380, Singapore
| | - Antonella Muraro
- Food Allergy Referral Centre, Department of Mother and Child Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Kamath SD, Liu T, Giacomin P, Loukas A, Navarro S, Lopata AL. Mollusk allergy: Not simply cross-reactivity with crustacean allergens. Allergy 2022; 77:3127-3130. [PMID: 35575977 PMCID: PMC9796110 DOI: 10.1111/all.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip D. Kamath
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Centre for Molecular TherapeuticsJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia
| | - Tiange Liu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research InstituteSuzhouChina
| | - Paul Giacomin
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Centre for Molecular TherapeuticsJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Centre for Molecular TherapeuticsJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia
| | - Severine Navarro
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Woolworths Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Andreas L. Lopata
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Tropical Futures InstituteJames Cook UniversitySingaporeSingapore
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Scala E, Abeni D, Aruanno A, Boni E, Brusca I, Cappiello F, Caprini E, Buzzulini F, Deleonardi G, Demonte A, Farioli L, Lodi Rizzini F, Michelina Losappio L, Macchia D, Manzotti G, Meneguzzi G, Montagni M, Nucera E, Onida R, Pastorello EA, Peveri S, Radice A, Rivolta F, Rizzi A, Giani M, Cecchi L, Pinter E, Miglionico M, Vantaggio L, Pravettoni V, Villalta D, Asero R. Mollusk allergy in shrimp-allergic patients: Still a complex diagnosis. An Italian real-life cross-sectional multicenter study. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100685. [PMID: 36119659 PMCID: PMC9468587 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shellfish allergy is an important cause of food allergies worldwide. Both in vivo and in vitro diagnostics failure nowadays is caused by the poor quality of the extracts associated with the scarce availability of allergenic molecules in the market. It is known that not all patients with shellfish allergies experience adverse reactions to mollusks. It is still unclear how to detect and diagnose these patients correctly. Aim To investigate the features of shrimp-allergic patients either reactive or tolerant to mollusks, with the currently available diagnostic methods. Methods Nineteen centers, scattered throughout Italy, participated in the real-life study, enrolling patients allergic to shrimp with or without associated reactions to mollusks. Patients underwent skin tests using commercial extracts or fresh raw and cooked shrimp and mollusks, and IgE reactivity to currently available allergenic extracts and molecules was measured in vitro. Results Two hundred and forty-seven individuals with a self reported adverse reactions to shrimp participated in the study; of these 47.8% reported an adverse reaction to mollusks ingestion (cephalopod and/or bivalve). Neither of the tests used, in vivo nor in vitro, was able to detect all selected patients. Accordingly, a great heterogeneity of results was observed: in vivo and in vitro tests agreed in 52% and 62% of cases. Skin tests were able to identify the mollusk reactors (p < 0.001), also using fresh cooked or raw food (p < 0.001). The reactivity profile of mollusk reactors was dominated by Pen m 1, over Pen m 2 and Pen m 4 compared to tolerant subjects, but 33% of patients were not detected by any of the available molecules. Overall, a higher frequency of IgE rectivity to shrimp was recorded in northern Italy, while mollusk reactivity was more frequent in the center-south. Conclusion The current diagnostic methods are inadequate to predict the cross-reactivity between crustaceans and mollusks. The detection of mollusks hypersensitivity should still rely on skin tests with fresh material. The exclusion of mollusks from shrimp allergic patients’ diets should occur when clinical history, available diagnostic instruments, and/or tolerance tests support such a decision. Current diagnostic methods are inadequate to predict cross-reactivity between crustaceans and mollusks; The detection of mollusks hypersensitivity must still rely on skin tests with fresh material (and oral challenges where possible); Clinically, there is no need to exclude a priori mollusks from shrimp allergic patients' diets;
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Scala
- Clinical and Laboratory Molecular Allergy Unit - IDI-IRCCS
- FLMM, Roma, Italy
| | - Damiano Abeni
- Clinical and Laboratory Molecular Allergy Unit - IDI-IRCCS
- FLMM, Roma, Italy
| | - Arianna Aruanno
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Boni
- Allergologia e autoimmunità LUM AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ignazio Brusca
- Clinical Pathology U.O.C., Buccheri La Ferla F.B.F. Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Caprini
- Clinical and Laboratory Molecular Allergy Unit - IDI-IRCCS
- FLMM, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Buzzulini
- SSD di immunologia e Allergologia, PO S. Maria Degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Farioli
- Dipartimento di Allergologia, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Lodi Rizzini
- SSVD Allergologia Spedali Civili - Università Studi Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Macchia
- SOS Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Meneguzzi
- Clinical and Laboratory Molecular Allergy Unit - IDI-IRCCS
- FLMM, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Nucera
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosa Onida
- Clinical Pathology U.O.C., Buccheri La Ferla F.B.F. Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elide Anna Pastorello
- Dipartimento di Allergologia, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Peveri
- UOsD Allergologia, ospedale G. Da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Anna Radice
- SOS Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Rivolta
- Immunology and Allergy Department, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Rizzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Giani
- Clinical and Laboratory Molecular Allergy Unit - IDI-IRCCS
- FLMM, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Elena Pinter
- UOC Medicina interna e Immunologia Clinica, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Miglionico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vantaggio
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Pravettoni
- Immunology and Allergy Department, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Villalta
- SSD di immunologia e Allergologia, PO S. Maria Degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano (MI), Italy
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Yu C, Gao X, Lin H, Lin H, Zhang Z, Khan MU, Li Y, Chen Y, Li Z. Identification and Amino Acid Analysis of Allergenic Epitopes of a Novel Allergen Paramyosin (Rap v 2) from Rapana venosa. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5381-5391. [PMID: 33929822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Besides tropomyosin (TM) that is widely recognized as a major allergen in molluscs, a 99-kDa novel allergen (Rap v 2) was recently found in the sea snail Rapana venosa and identified as paramyosin (PM). However, the allergenic epitopes of PM in any molluscs have not been identified yet. In the present study, seven allergenic epitopes of Rap v 2 were identified by immunoinformatics tools, dot-blot inhibition assay, and basophil degranulation assay. Based on the analysis of PM and allergenic epitope amino acids, it was found that highly hydrophobic and positively charged amino acid residues play an important role in the formation of Rap v 2 epitopes. In addition, three potential critical amino acids that may account for TM and PM cross-reactivity in molluscs were found by sequence- and structure-based methods. These findings could be of major importance for improving the understanding of relevant paramyosin epitopes and the prevention and therapy of mollusc allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Allergy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ziye Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Mati Ullah Khan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
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Bhowmik M, Ghosh N, Gupta Bhattacharya S. Allergenicity assessment of Delonix regia pollen grain and identification of allergens by immunoproteomic approach. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06014. [PMID: 33659721 PMCID: PMC7892808 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plantation of road-side avenue trees has become a major part of urbanization programme for megacity beautification and environmental management. Due to evergreen habit and vibrant flower colour, Delonix regia (Gulmohor/Flamboyant) is frequently selected as ornamental tree for plantation programme. However, D. regia pollen is related to IgE mediated allergic reactions and no allergen has been reported so far. Objective Measuring the prevalence of D. regia pollen sensitivity among the local atopic individuals and identifying the allergens using immunoproteomic tools. Methods Aerobiological study was conducted for a period of two years to record the D. regia pollen concentration in the outdoor ambient air. Clinico-immunological tests were performed on atopic individuals to check the prevalence of sensitivity against D. regia pollen. Allergens were detected in the pollen proteome, fractionated in 1D and 2D gel by IgE serology and finally identified by mass spectrometry. Result In the study area D. regia pollen grains were present in ample amount in the air during May to July. About 38% of atopic individuals displayed positive Skin Prick Test (SPT) against D. regia pollen along with elevated level of specific IgE and histamine in the sera. Immunoproteomic analyses revealed the presence of 14 IgE reactive proteins in the 2D pollen proteome, of which 8 IgE reactive proteins were identified by MALDI TOF/TOF using homology driven proteomic approach. Conclusion This study demonstrated pollen related allergy symptoms by D. regia and gave significant message regarding the plantation programme to avoid the unnecessary load of allergic pollen. Also, a panel of 8 allergens were identified for the first time from D. regia pollen. Detailed study of these allergens would help to design immunotherapeutic strategies for pollinosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Bhowmik
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, 93/1, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Nandini Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, 721102, India
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