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Agafonova A, Cosentino A, Romano IR, Giurdanella G, D’Angeli F, Giuffrida R, Lo Furno D, Anfuso CD, Mannino G, Lupo G. Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of Human Pericyte-like Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an In Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1774. [PMID: 38339053 PMCID: PMC10855418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-retinal barrier (BRB) is strongly compromised in diabetic retinopathy (DR) due to the detachment of pericytes (PCs) from retinal microvessels, resulting in increased permeability and impairment of the BRB. Western blots, immunofluorescence and ELISA were performed on adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and pericyte-like (P)-ASCs by co-cultured human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) under hyperglycemic conditions (HG), as a model of DR. Our results demonstrated that: (a) platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and its activated form were more highly expressed in monocultured P-ASCs than in ASCs, and this expression increased when co-cultured with HRECs under high glucose conditions (HG); (b) the transcription factor Nrf2 was more expressed in the cytoplasmic fraction of ASCs and in the P-ASC nuclear fraction, under normal glucose and, even more, under HG conditions; (c) cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity and prostaglandin E2 release, stimulated by HG, were significantly reduced in P-ASCs co-cultured with HRECs; (d) HO-1 protein content was significantly higher in HG-P-ASCs/HRECs than P-ASCs/HRECs; and (e) VEGF-A levels in media from HG-co-cultures were reduced in P-ASCs/HRECs with respect to ASCs/HRECs. The data obtained highlighted the potential of autologous differentiated ASCs in future clinical applications based on cell therapy to counteract the damage induced by DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Agafonova
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (A.C.); (I.R.R.); (R.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Alessia Cosentino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (A.C.); (I.R.R.); (R.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Ivana Roberta Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (A.C.); (I.R.R.); (R.G.); (G.L.)
| | | | - Floriana D’Angeli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (A.C.); (I.R.R.); (R.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (A.C.); (I.R.R.); (R.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (A.C.); (I.R.R.); (R.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (A.C.); (I.R.R.); (R.G.); (G.L.)
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Li M, Huang X, Huang M, Jin W, Hong Z, Zhang Y, Fang H, Chen W. Effects of fatty acid-ethanol amine (FA-EA) derivatives on lipid accumulation and inflammation. Lipids 2023; 58:117-127. [PMID: 36942837 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of fatty acid-ethanol amine (FA-EA) derivatives (L1-L10) on the mitigation of intracellular lipid accumulation and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. First, the series of FA-EA derivatives were synthesized and characterized. Then, their cytotoxic, intracellular lipid accumulation and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. The oil red O staining experiment showed that the tested compounds L4, L6, L8, L9, and L10 could reduce intracellular lipid accumulation induced by palmitic acid (PA). Moreover, ω-3/ω-6 PUFA-EA derivatives showed inhibitory effect on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. ω-3/ω-6 PUFA-EA derivatives at a concentrations of 10 μM could significantly decrease mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, inhibit NO production, and alleviate the protein expression of IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These data suggest that ω-3 PUFA-EA derivatives can be beneficial for further pharmaceutical development to treat chronic low-grade inflammation diseases such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Mengxian Huang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Biology and Environment, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Wenhui Jin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhuan Hong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yucang Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Weizhu Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Inflammatory cytokines and retinal nonperfusion area in quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Cytokine 2022; 154:155774. [PMID: 35487091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to investigate the association between inflammatory cytokine levels and retinal capillary nonperfusion area in eyes with quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS Samples of aqueous humor were collected from 67 eyes (n = 42 patients) with treatment-naïve PDR. Levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were obtained using multiplex bead assay. Areas of capillary nonperfusion at the posterior pole and peripheral retina were measured via ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography and correlated with cytokine levels. RESULTS The levels of IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α were positively correlated with the nonperfusion area of the peripheral retina (r = 0.298, 0.401, 0.265, 0.435, and 0.393; all P ≤ 0.030). There were positive correlations between IL and 10, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α (all R ≥ 0.247; all P ≤ 0.043). IL-1β did not show a significant correlation with the nonperfusion area (P = 0.972 for posterior pole and 0.392 for periphery) but was positively correlated with TNF-α (r = 0.334; P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS An increased level of inflammation was observed in PDR eyes with larger nonperfusion areas, which suggests inflammation as a possible target for suppressing PDR progression associated with nonperfusion.
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Iyer SS, Lagrew MK, Tillit SM, Roohipourmoallai R, Korntner S. The Vitreous Ecosystem in Diabetic Retinopathy: Insight into the Patho-Mechanisms of Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137142. [PMID: 34281192 PMCID: PMC8269048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world with the incidence of disease ever-increasing worldwide. The vitreous humor represents an extensive and complex interactive arena for cytokines in the diabetic eye. In recent decades, there has been significant progress in understanding this environment and its implications in disease pathophysiology. In this review, we investigate the vitreous ecosystem in diabetic retinopathy at the molecular level. Areas of concentration include: the current level of knowledge of growth factors, cytokine and chemokine mediators, and lipid-derived metabolites in the vitreous. We discuss the molecular patho-mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy based upon current vitreous research.
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