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Guo Y, Xu Y, Chen D. Impact of Visual Elements of Tobacco Packaging on Health Risk Perceptions of Youth Groups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14097. [PMID: 36360972 PMCID: PMC9659161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco products are hazardous to public health and are one of the greater public health threats facing the world to date. Although international research on tobacco packaging has been thorough and comprehensive, the risk perception of visual elements in tobacco packaging varies by country, race, and smoking status. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the risk perceptions of visual elements in tobacco packaging among young and middle-aged people in selected cities in China. This study used a questionnaire to construct an index system for visual elements of tobacco packaging and used it to design a related questionnaire. Our group conducted an online questionnaire survey among 296 young people (18-44 years old) in selected cities in China between 16 June and 26 June 2022. The results of the influence of visual elements of tobacco packaging on the perception of tobacco health risks in the youth group were analyzed by SPSS 26.0. A chi-square test analysis yielded differences in the perception of tobacco package color among youths with different smoking status. A linear regression analysis revealed that age group and visual elements were significant, and five groups of visual element comparisons had an effect on the youth group. First, there were differences in the perceptions of tobacco products among participants with different smoking status. Secondly, the more youthful the respondents were, the greater the probability that they were able to identify that the picture fitness warnings had a greater probability of making them conscious of the fitness dangers of smoking (p < 0.05). The older the participants, the greater the probability that the textual content fitness warnings made them conscious of the fitness risks of smoking (p < 0.05). Third, the percentage of health warnings did not make a good-sized impact for the youth groups (p > 0.05). Fourth, the more youthful the participant, the greater the probability that cigarette products with whole brand images would appeal to buyer(p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Guo
- Social Innovation Design Research Centre, Anhui University, Hefei 203106, China
- Anhui Institute of Contemporary Studies, Anhui Academy of Social Sciences, Hefei 203106, China
| | - Yinrui Xu
- Social Innovation Design Research Centre, Anhui University, Hefei 203106, China
| | - Denghang Chen
- Department of Science and Technology Communication, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 203106, China
- Research Center for Science Communication, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 203106, China
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Sajid M, Srivastava S, Kumar A, Kumar A, Singh H, Bharadwaj M. Bacteriome of Moist Smokeless Tobacco Products Consumed in India With Emphasis on the Predictive Functional Potential. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:784841. [PMID: 35003015 PMCID: PMC8740325 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.784841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco products (STPs) carry assorted microbial population that contributes to carcinogens synthesis like tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Extensive exploration of microbiota-harboring STPs is required to understand their full carcinogenic potential. Here, we applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate bacteriome present in moist STPs immensely consumed in India (Khaini, Moist-snuff, Qiwam, and Snus). Further, the functional metagenome was speculated by PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) to assign the abundance of genes related to nitrogen metabolism, bacterial toxins, antibiotic drug resistance and other pro-inflammatory molecules. Highly diverse bacterial communities were observed in all moist STPs. Taxonomic analysis revealed a total of 549 genera belonging to four major phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Overall, the core bacterial genera Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Prevotella, Acetobacter, Lactobacillus, Paracoccus, Flavobacterium, and Bacteroides were significantly abundant in moist STPs. Elevated moisture-holding products like Moist-snuff and Qiwam harbor rich bacterial species diversity and showed similar bacteriome composition. Furthermore, Qiwam products showed the highest level of genes associated with nitrogen metabolism, antibiotic resistance, toxins, and pro-inflammation (predicted by PICRUSt) which can contribute to the synthesis of TSNAs and induction of oral cancer. The present broad investigation of moist STPs-associated bacteriome prevalence and their detailed metabolic potential will provide novel insight into the oral carcinogenesis induced by STPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sajid
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
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Patterns of Periodontal Destruction among Smokeless Tobacco Users in a Central Indian Population. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060744. [PMID: 34204533 PMCID: PMC8234790 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings of studies testing the association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and periodontal health have shown varying results in different populations. Considering the high prevalence of SLT use in India, the present study was conducted to understand the pattern of periodontal destruction within different areas of the dentition among SLT users. METHODS Age, gender, oral hygiene habits, the frequency and duration of SLT consumption, the type of SLT product used, and the site of retention of the SLT product in the oral cavity were recorded among 90 SLT users. Probing depth (PD), recession (REC), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at SLT-associated and non SLT-associated teeth of the mandibular arch were compared based on the site of retention of the SLT product, the type of product used, and the duration of the habit. RESULTS REC and CAL were significantly higher at the SLT-associated zones compared to non SLT-associated zones and at both interproximal and mid-buccal sites of SLT-associated teeth. Among individuals who had the habit for more than 5 years and also among those who had the habit for 5-10 years, PD, REC, and CAL were significantly higher at SLT-associated teeth than at non SLT-associated teeth. Significantly greater periodontal destruction was observed at SLT-associated teeth among khaini users and gutkha users. CONCLUSIONS Smokeless tobacco consumption resulted in greater destruction of periodontal tissues. The severity of periodontal destruction at SLT-associated sites differed depending on the type of smokeless tobacco used, the site of retention of the SLT, and the duration of the habit.
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Shaik FB, Nagajothi G, Swarnalatha K, Kumar CS, Rajendra W, Maddu N. Correlation between smokeless tobacco (Gutkha) and biomarkers of oxidative stress in plasma with cardiovascular effects. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05487. [PMID: 33659719 PMCID: PMC7890155 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco products are widely consumed around the world in smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) forms. Analysis of smokeless tobacco consumption suggested that the effects of nicotine and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines, the main ingredients of smokeless tobacco are attractive to study because its consumption often results in biochemical changes of plasma parameters and markers of oxidative stress development. Smokeless tobacco users generally consume the most commonly available SLT products like khaleja brand of gutkha and mahak chaini brand of khaini 3–5 times per day. We found a significant increase in plasma glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol indicative of atherosclerosis risk. We also found that the plasma peroxynitrites (ONOO−), nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonyls (PCO) levels were significantly elevated. Plasma nicotine and cotinine levels were significantly elevated in study subjects, suggesting that nicotine could be responsible for the oxidative and nitrosative stress indirectly inducing cardiovascular risk. There was a strong correlation of nicotine with reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), cholesterol, and creatinine in exposed smokeless tobacco (gutkha) consumers. These data demonstrate SLT users are at high cardiovascular risk due to nicotine-induced free radicals and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeda Begum Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishna Devaraya University, Ananthapuramu, 515003, A.P, India
| | - G Nagajothi
- Department of Corporate Secretaryship, Queen Mary's College (Autonomous), Chennai, T.N, India
| | - K Swarnalatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishna Devaraya University, Ananthapuramu, 515003, A.P, India
| | - Chitta Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishna Devaraya University, Ananthapuramu, 515003, A.P, India
| | - W Rajendra
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, A.P, India
| | - Narendra Maddu
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishna Devaraya University, Ananthapuramu, 515003, A.P, India
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Kanmodi K. The role of dentists in clinical tobacco cessation interventions: The status in Nigeria. POPULATION MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/128323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Begum SF, G. N, K. S, C. VK, K. ND, C. SK, Maddu N. Smokeless tobacco induced biophysical and biochemical alterations in the plasma, erythrocytes, and platelets of panmasala users: Subsequent biological effects. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:963-978. [PMID: 32904118 PMCID: PMC7451652 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM & BACKGROUND Smokeless tobacco (SLT) products are extensively consumed throughout the world including India. These products act as the primary addictive agents, due to the presence of nicotine among other tobacco products to humans and animals and its quitting is difficult. Higher the exposure of SLT products more is the toxic effects and alterations in erythrocytes and platelets. OBJECTIVES The products of smokeless tobacco could cause increase in the concentrations of oxidants (free radicals), decrease the activities antioxidant enzymes, activate the process of programmed cell death through enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Smokeless tobacco products represent a major modifiable risk factor for the development of redox imbalance through the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and diminished activities of antioxidant enzymes in plasma, bio-membranes of erythrocytes, and platelets and induction of apoptosis in the blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was studied by western blot and gene expression of apoptotic proteins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) was evaluated by RT-PCR technique. Membrane fluidity of erythrocytes and platelets was studied by the fluorescence method. RESULTS The results of the present study revealed that significantly elevated levels of iNOS enzyme in plasma, erythrocyte, and platelet membranes of panmasala users. We found that gene expression levels of Bcl2, Bax, IL-6, caspase proteins (Caspase 8, Caspase 10, and Caspase 12) are greater and decreased levels of TNF-α with no significant change in blood of smokeless tobacco users in comparison with normal controls. In addition, there were substantial significantly higher in concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and epinephrine in the plasma of panmasala users than non-tobacco users. Panmasala can be caused a significant increase in nitroxidative stress marker (LPO, NO, and ONOO-) values and significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes and platelets. CONCLUSION On the basis of the present study results, it may be concluded that the chronic use of panmasala than any smokeless tobacco products may be a contributory risk factor or may give conclusive idea and has been associated with the expansion of the development of structural and functional alterations in the erythrocyte and platelet membranes induced oxidative damage and apoptosis, possibly further enhanced by nicotine and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines. SLT exposure had implicated a threat and enormous implications on public health and is required to prove that may not be viewed as a safe alternative to any tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Fareeda Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu, 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nagajothi G.
- Department of Corporate Secretary Ship, Queen Mary’s College (Autonomous), Chennai, 600 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swarnalatha K.
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu, 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod kumar C.
- Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Dept of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Narender Dhania K.
- Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Dept of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar C.
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu, 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Narendra Maddu
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu, 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
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