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Somrup S, Mitsuwan W, Bhumibhamon T, Pereira MDL, Paul AK, Nissapatorn V, Saengsawang P. Antibiograms, multidrug resistance, and milk-related parameters of bacteria isolated from milk of dairy cattle in Phatthalung, Thailand. Vet World 2024; 17:735-743. [PMID: 38798280 PMCID: PMC11111717 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.735-743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Milk, a nutritious food, is widely consumed in human diets; however, contamination by micro-organisms can negatively impact its quality and consumer health. Contamination by micro-organisms affects the quality of milk, which can affect the quality of the milk production chain. This study aimed to determine the changes in milk composition and antibiotic susceptibility related to bacteria isolated from dairy cow milk. Materials and Methods Raw milk samples were collected from 72 dairy cows. All milk samples were subjected to the California Mastitis Test (CMT) for CMT score determination. We also investigated milk composition, bacterial culture (BC), and antibiotic susceptibility. Results About 47.22% and 30.56% of dairy cattle were positive for CMT + BC and automatic somatic cell count (ASCC) + BC, respectively. Fecal appearance and animal age were found to be risk factors for ASCC + BC positivity in dairy cattle. Bacteria were found in approximately 76% of milk samples, with the most common isolated species being α-hemolytic Streptococcus spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., and Escherichia coli. Of these, 70% are resistant to at least one antibiotic. Variation in the multidrug resistance pattern was high in Klebsiella spp. Conclusions Fecal appearance and animal age are risk factors for ASCC + BC positivity in dairy cattle. This study identified antibiotic and multidrug resistance patterns, which require comprehensive studies and effective surveillance systems. Remarkably, the use of antibiotic therapy in dairy cattle should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Somrup
- Faculty of Technology and Community Development, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oils, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Teeraphun Bhumibhamon
- Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Southern Region), Nakhon Si Thammarat 80110, Thailand
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery, and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Phirabhat Saengsawang
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Sun Y, Zhao T, Ma Y, Wu X, Chu S, Yang Z. Multiple roles of LncRNA-BMNCR on cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting miR-145/CBFB axis in BMECs. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-11. [PMID: 37807922 PMCID: PMC10566406 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2262525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most serious and costly disease affecting dairy cattle production. The present study explored the inflammatory response and autoprotective mechanism of a novel specific high expression BMNCR (bovine mastitis related long non-coding RNA) in S. aureus induced mastitis by miR-145/CBFB axis in dairy cows from the perspective of molecular genetics. In bovine mammary epithelial cells, we preformed loss of function experiments to detect changes in cytokine, proliferation and apoptosis by qRT-PCR, western blot, flow cytometry and EdU staining. The results demonstrated that BMNCR significantly increased cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation. However, the secretion of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12 were enhanced after knock-down BMNCR. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that BMNCR could target 8 miRNAs, in-depth analyses indicated that BMNCR acts as a molecular sponge for bta-miR-145 and CBFB was one of 23 target gene of bta-miR-145 . The results of the present study demonstrated that the role of BMNCR in S. aureus induced mastitis can be mediated by sponge bta-miR-145 activating CBFB expression. BMNCR could be a potential target for mastitis diagnosis and therapy, which may enrich the theoretical research of therapeutic intervention, and further increase milk yield and improve milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Ma
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuangfeng Chu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Khanal S, Boonyayatra S, Awaiwanont N. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in dairy farms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:947154. [PMID: 36561392 PMCID: PMC9763730 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.947154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that causes many human and animal infections worldwide. MRSA infections are classified as priority infections owing to their high morbidity and mortality, with a significant risk of zoonotic transmission. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of MRSA in dairy cattle farms and its heterogeneity. Relevant studies were retrieved from three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The pooled prevalence of MRSA in dairy farms was estimated using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to assess the probable sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were also performed. A total of 94 articles were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MRSA was estimated to be 3.81% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 2.61-5.20] with significantly high heterogeneity (I 2 = 96.6%, p = 0.00). For the subgroup analysis among continents, the prevalence was highest in Asia (4.89%; 95% CI = 2.88-7.35) and lowest in South America (1.33%, 95% CI = 0.00-5.49). As for the year of publication, MRSA prevalence was highest in reports published from 2015 to 2018 (4.36%, 95% CI = 2.41-6.80) and lowest in reports published before 2015 (2.65%, 95% CI = 0.75-5.52). As for sample type, the prevalence of MRSA in cattle milk (3.91%, 95% CI = 2.64-5.39) was higher than that in other sample types (1.19%, 95% CI = 0.05-3.24). These three factors were not significantly associated with the pooled prevalence of MRSA (p > 0.05). Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of MRSA has been minimal and consistent in dairy cattle farms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrijana Khanal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Public Health Centre for Asia Pacific, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sukolrat Boonyayatra
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,*Correspondence: Sukolrat Boonyayatra
| | - Nattakarn Awaiwanont
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Public Health Centre for Asia Pacific, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Comparative Genotypic Analysis of RAPD and RFLP Markers for Molecular Variation Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091245. [PMID: 36143922 PMCID: PMC9505472 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates are associated with various diseases ranged from mild superficial impairments to invasive infections. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods namely, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the coa gene and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), to determine the genetic diversity of MRSA isolates. Materials and Methods: A total of 37 MRSA isolates were conventionally identified depending on their biochemical and microbiological culture characteristics. Genotypic confirmation was based on detection of the associated mecA gene. The genetic variation amongst MRSA isolates was evaluated following the coa gene-based RFLP and RAPD fingerprints. Results: Results illustrated that, the species specific coa gene was detected in all MRSA isolates. The irregular bands intensity, number, and molecular sizes of the PCR amplicons demonstrated the coa gene polymorphism. The incompatible AluI digestion patterns of these amplicons classified the tested MRSA isolates into 20 RFLP patterns which confirm the coa gene polymorphism. Additionally, the PCR-based RAPD analysis showed variable bands number with size range of approximately 130 bp to 4 kbp, which indicated the genetic variation of the tested MRSA isolates as it created 36 variable RAPD banding profiles. Conclusions: coa gene AluI enzymatic restriction sites, amongst the tested MRSA isolates, certify their genetic variation on the basis of the accurate but complicated and relatively expensive coa gene-based RFLP. Conversely, the results verified the excellent ability of the simple and cost-effective PCR-based RAPD analysis to discriminate between MRSA isolates without any preface data about the genome.
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Staphylococcal Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Animals of Chitwan, Nepal. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis (SCM), the asymptomatic inflammation of breast tissue, is the most common form of mastitis in livestock. SCM prevalence and risk factors in dairy animals in Western Chitwan, Bagmati Province, Nepal, were the primary objectives of this study. Out of 243 dairy animals, 104 representing 42.8% were positive for SCM in the California mastitis test (CMT) in the study area. At the quarter level, out of 972 active quarters tested for SCM, 188 (19.3%) were positive to CMT test. The prevalence of Staphylococcal SCM was 39.92% (97/243) and 18.21% (177/972) at animal level and quarter level, respectively. Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (46.33%) was the most prevalent Staphylococcus to cause SCM at quarter level. While at animal level, SCM due to occurrence of both S. aureus and CNS (36.08%) in an individual was more common. High susceptibility towards Amikacin, Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin was seen against both isolates. Low resistance against Amikacin and Ceftriaxone was seen against both isolates. Ciprofloxacin (41.2% vs 27.4%) and Gentamicin (37.8% vs 23.2%) were more resistance towards CNS whereas Enrofloxacin (41.1% vs 25.2%) and Tetracycline (36.8% vs 15.1%) were more resistant towards S. aureus. Older aged, multiparous and late lactating animals had the highest prevalence of staphylococcal SCM i.e., 58.1%, 56% and 52.6%, respectively. The study concludes that there is a high prevalence of Staphylococcal SCM in Western Chitwan, Nepal. CNS is the most common mastitis pathogen. Increased antimicrobial resistance to S. aureus and CNS could be the result of the indiscriminate use of antibiotic drugs without an antibiotic susceptibility test (AST). This study emphasizes the importance of ongoing antibiotic surveillance, excellent farm and animal hygiene, and suitable housing and feeding management.
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El-Sayed A, Kamel M. Bovine mastitis prevention and control in the post-antibiotic era. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:236. [PMID: 33788033 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is the most important disease in the dairy industry. Antibiotics are considered to be the first choice in the treatment of the disease. However, the problem of antibiotic residue and antimicrobial resistance, in addition to the impact of antibiotic abuse on public health, leads to many restrictions on uncontrolled antibiotic therapy in the dairy sector worldwide. Researchers have investigated novel therapeutic approaches to replace the use of antibiotics in mastitis control. These efforts, supported by the revolutionary development of nanotechnology, stem cell assays, molecular biological tools, and genomics, enabled the development of new approaches for mastitis-treatment and control. The present review discusses recent concepts to control mastitis such as breeding of mastitis-resistant dairy cows, the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools, the application of communication technology as an educational and epidemiological tool, application of modern mastitis vaccines, cow drying protocols, teat disinfection, housing, and nutrition. These include the application of nanotechnology, stem cell technology, photodynamic and laser therapy or the use of traditional herbal medical plants, nutraceuticals, antibacterial peptides, bacteriocins, antibodies therapy, bacteriophages, phage lysins, and probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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