1
|
Cheng K, Lv Y, Li C, Cheng S, Xu S, Gao X, Xu H. Meta-analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate in municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:119. [PMID: 38483628 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 levels in urban sewage and evaluate the associated positivity rates, thereby developing comprehensive insights into the epidemic situation and providing valuable inputs for the development of effective disease prevention and control strategies. The PubMed, Scopus, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and VIP databases were systematically searched based on the predefined retrieval strategy. The literature published up to February 2023 was meticulously screened according to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the relevant data were extracted for subsequent integration. The quality assessment of the included studies adhered to the rigorous Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement guidelines. The meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software. The meta-analysis included a total of 34 studies, encompassing 8429 municipal wastewater samples. A random effects model was employed for the analysis, revealing an overall SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate of 53.7% in the municipal wastewater samples. The subgroup analyses demonstrated significant regional variations in the SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate in municipal wastewater, with Africa exhibiting the highest rate at 62.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 47.4 ~ 76.0%) and Oceania displaying the lowest at 33.3% (95% CI 22.0 ~ 46.3%). However, the subgroup analyses based on the sampling site, strain prevalence period, and laboratory testing method did not yield any statistically significant differences. The SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate in wastewater is relatively high globally, although it exhibits regional disparities. Regions with larger populations and lower economic levels demonstrate higher viral detection rates in sewage. Different types of wastewater sampling sites can be employed to monitor distinct aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuous surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater plays a pivotal role in complementing clinical data, helping to track outbreak progression across diverse regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Cheng
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Lv
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaokang Li
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang J, Sun D, Xia T, Shi S, Suo J, Kuang H, Sun N, Hu H, Zheng Z, Zhou Y, Li X, Chen S, Huang H, Yan Z. Monitoring Prevalence and Persistence of Environmental Contamination by SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a Makeshift Hospital for Asymptomatic and Very Mild COVID-19 Patients. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605994. [PMID: 37767017 PMCID: PMC10520216 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the details of environmental contamination status by SARS-CoV-2 in a makeshift COVID-19 hospital. Methods: Environmental samples were collected from a makeshift hospital. The extent of contamination was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA from various samples. Results: There was a wide range of total collected samples contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA, ranging from 8.47% to 100%. Results revealed that 70.00% of sewage from the bathroom and 48.19% of air samples were positive. The highest rate of contamination was found from the no-touch surfaces (73.07%) and the lowest from frequently touched surfaces (33.40%). The most contaminated objects were the top surfaces of patient cubic partitions (100%). The median Ct values among strongly positive samples were 33.38 (IQR, 31.69-35.07) and 33.24 (IQR, 31.33-34.34) for ORF1ab and N genes, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 relic RNA can be detected on indoor surfaces for up to 20 days. Conclusion: The findings show a higher prevalence and persistence in detecting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the makeshift COVID-19 hospital setting. The contamination mode of droplet deposition may be more common than contaminated touches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Yang
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Shi Shi
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Jijiang Suo
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Huihui Kuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Nana Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Hongyan Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Zhecheng Zheng
- Department of Health Economics Management, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Health Economics Management, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Shaojuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Haiqiang Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hainan Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Zhongqiang Yan
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, The Second Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|