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Chen G, Pu G, Wang L, Li Y, Liu T, Li H, Zhang S, Wang X, Liu X, Luo X. Cysticercus pisiformis-derived novel-miR1 targets TLR2 to inhibit the immune response in rabbits. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201455. [PMID: 37559722 PMCID: PMC10408446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis pisiformis, a highly prevalent parasitic disease worldwide, causes significant economic losses in the rabbit breeding industry. Previous investigations have identified a novel microRNA, designated as novel-miR1, within the serum of rabbit infected with Cysticercus pisiformis. In the present study, we found that C. pisiformis-derived novel-miR1 was released into the rabbit serum via exosomes. Through computational analysis using TargetScan, miRanda, and PITA, a total of 634 target genes of novel-miR1 were predicted. To elucidate the functional role of novel-miR1, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized and demonstrated that novel-miR1 targets rabbit Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLCs) were transfected with novel-miR1 mimic and mimic NC, and the in vitro experiments confirmed that novel-miR1 suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In vivo experiments demonstrated that novel-miR1 was significantly upregulated during the 1-3 months following infection with C. pisiformis in rabbits. Notably, this upregulation coincided with a downregulation of TLR2, P65, pP65, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in PBLCs. Collectively, these results indicate that the novel-miR1 derived from C. pisiformis inhibited the rabbits' immune response by suppressing the NF-κB-mediated immune response. This immune modulation facilitates parasite invasion, survival, and establishment of a persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guiting Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuelin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuenong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Wen Z, Zhang Y, Feng J, Aimulajiang K, Aleem MT, Lu M, Xu L, Song X, Li X, Yan R. Excretory/secretory proteins inhibit host immune responses by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathway: A possible mechanism of immune evasion in parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013159. [PMID: 36238295 PMCID: PMC9551057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is an important parasitic nematode of ruminants. Previous studies showed that H. contortus escape the immunity through complex mechanisms, including releasing excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs) to modulate the host immune response. However, the detailed mechanism through which H. contortus excretory/secretory proteins (HcESPs) promote immune evasion remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that HcESPs inhibit the adaptive immune response of goats including downregulation of immune cell antigen presentation, upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules, activation of the STAT3/PD-L1 pathway, and activation of immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells. Furthermore, HcESPs reversed the LPS-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators in PBMCs by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPKs/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Our study provides a better understanding of the evasion mechanisms for H. contortus, which could be helpful in providing an alternative way to prevent the infection of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Wen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajun Feng
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Aleem
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruofeng Yan,
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