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Alsharef MSAG, Almaramihi WS, Almuhyawi RA. Professionalism among family medicine residents at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:2032-2036. [PMID: 38948595 PMCID: PMC11213373 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1564_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCHS) recently proposed the Saudi Meds Family Medicine (FM) 2020 program, which is based on CanMEDS-FM 2017 and includes a number of competencies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the professionalism of FM residents who follow the modified curriculum of the SCHS. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2023 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah among FM residents from year 1 to year 3 and postgraduates from the FM residency program of both genders. For data collection, a structured self-administered web-based questionnaire adapted from CanMEDS was used. Results A total of 45 FM residents responded, with the majority (73.3%) between the ages of 20 and 30 (77.8%), and 62.2% females. In terms of patient professionalism, 93.3% frequently/always demonstrated appropriate professional behavior and relationships in all aspects of practice; 62.2% frequently/always demonstrated a commitment to excellence in all aspects of practice. In terms of professionalism and societal commitment, 80% frequently/always demonstrated accountability to patients, society, and the profession by responding to societal expectations of physicians, and 86.6% frequently/always demonstrated a commitment to patient safety and quality improvement. In terms of professional commitment, 88.9% frequently/always fulfil and adhere to professional and ethical codes, standards of practice, and laws governing practice. In terms of self-commitment, it was discovered that 86.6% frequently/always demonstrated self-awareness and managed influences on personal well-being and professional performance. The majority (80%) managed personal and professional demands for a sustainable practice throughout the physician lifecycle, and 86.7% frequently/always promoted a culture that recognizes, supports, and effectively responds to colleagues in need. Conclusion FM residents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, demonstrated acceptable levels of dedication to patients, society, profession, and self, indicating a high level of professionalism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waad S. Almaramihi
- Developmental and Behavioral Department, Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan A. Almuhyawi
- Family Medicine Resident, Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Vonderschmitt J, Wöhlke S, Schicktanz S. Scarce resources, public health and professional care: the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating bioethical conflicts - findings from global qualitative expert interviews. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2492. [PMID: 38093218 PMCID: PMC10717036 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since spring 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread worldwide, causing dramatic global consequences in terms of medical, care, economic, cultural and bioethical dimensions. Although the resulting conflicts initially appeared to be quite similar in most countries, a closer look reveals a country-specific intensification and differentiation of issues. Our study focused on understanding and highlighting bioethical conflicts that were triggered, exposed or intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). METHODS We conducted qualitative interviews with 39 ethics experts from 34 countries (Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Ecuador, Ethiopia, France, Germany, India, Italy, Israel, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Paraguay, Poland, Romania, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, South Africa, Tunisia, Türkiye, United-Kingdom, United States of America, Zambia) from November 2020 to March 2021. We analysed the interviews using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The scale of the bioethical challenges between countries differed, as did coping strategies for meeting these challenges. Data analysis focused on: a) Resource scarcity in clinical contexts: Scarcity of medical resources led to the need to prioritize the care of some COVID-19 patients in clinical settings globally. Because this entails the postponement of treatment for other patients, the possibility of serious present or future harm to deprioritized patients was identified as a relevant issue. b) Health literacy: The pandemic demonstrated the significance of health literacy and its influence on the effective implementation of health measures. c) Inequality and vulnerable groups: The pandemic highlighted the context-sensitivity and intersectionality of the vulnerabilities of women and children in LMICs and the aged in HICs. d) Conflicts surrounding healthcare professionals: The COVID-19 outbreak underscored the tough working conditions for nurses and other health professionals, raising awareness of the need for reform. CONCLUSION The pandemic exposed pre-existing structural problems in LMICs and HICs. Without neglecting individual contextual factors in the observed countries, we created a mosaic of different voices of experts in bioethics across the globe, drawing attention to the need for international solidarity in the context of a global crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Vonderschmitt
- Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, University Medical Center Goettingen, Humboldtallee 36 / 37073, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Sabine Wöhlke
- Department of Health Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20 / 21033, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Schicktanz
- Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, University Medical Center Goettingen, Humboldtallee 36 / 37073, Goettingen, Germany
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Afshar L, Yazdani S, Forutan SA, Sabeghi H. Value-Rich Exposures in Medical Education; Synthesizing the Concept. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION & PROFESSIONALISM 2023; 11:147-154. [PMID: 37469383 PMCID: PMC10352672 DOI: 10.30476/jamp.2022.96261.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Proper transfer of professional values is an essential part of medical education. Real-life experiences in the educational process are one of the most effective methods for achieving values and assisting students in developing their value framework. This study aimed to develop and characterize the concept of value-rich exposures in medical education to bring this concept closer to the practice. Methods In order to perform the synthesis, according to Walker and Avant, a combination of hermeneutic phenomenological method and literature review was used. At first, researchers characterized the concept of value-rich exposures based on the lived experiences of medical students who had participated in a program based on value-rich exposures at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Iran. After that, the literature was reviewed using an integrative review approach. Then we looked at the similarities and differences between the results of the interviews and the literature review and chose the best word to name the themes and subthemes. Finally, to describe the concept of value-rich exposures in medical education, we created a conceptual matrix. Results We defined the concept of value-rich exposure in medical education under five themes while implementing the steps of Walker and Avant's concept synthesis: probing self-inner values, value-rich program, value mentor, value-rich interactions, and value-rich environment. The elements and relationships of the themes were depicted in the form of a conceptual matrix. Conclusions A value-rich exposure is a type of lived experience that occurs during a student's professional life, a necessity that, with proper planning, can play an important role in shaping medical students' professional identities. A preprint of this study was published at . DOI: .
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Afshar
- Department of Medical Ethics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Yazdani
- Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hakimeh Sabeghi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Shafaghat T, Rahimi Zarchi MK, Mousavi SM, Askari R, Ranjbar M, Ebadi F. Iranian Health System Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:52. [PMID: 37351063 PMCID: PMC10284202 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_359_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has created several challenges for countries all over the world. Different countries have taken different measures to fight this pandemic and reduce its challenges depending on their cultural, economic, and social structures. This study aims to understand and explain the Iranian health system's response to fighting the COVID-19 pandemic from the managers' and authorities' perspective. Method This study is a basic applied research performed under a qualitative approach. In the survey, 30 experts including the managers of health centers and deputies and heads of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and Medical Universities were selected by purposive snowball sampling and participated in semi-structured interviews from March to May 2020. The researchers explained the actions of the Iranian health system in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 by content analysis. Results As a result, 14 subthemes were found and classified into four major themes, including the informative and regulative actions (two subthemes), administrative and supportive actions (six subthemes), preventive and curative actions (three subthemes), and resource-related actions (three subthemes). Conclusions Due to its strong health structures, such as urban and rural health networks, various general and specialized hospitals, experienced doctors, and committed health staff, Iran has taken practical actions in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the findings of this study and its relevant measures can help combat this pandemic in countries with similar social and cultural structures or counter future similar crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Shafaghat
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Rahimi Zarchi
- Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Masood Mousavi
- Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Roohollah Askari
- Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ranjbar
- Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ebadi
- School of Management and Medical Informatics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mianehsaz E, Saber A, Tabatabaee SM, Faghihi A. Teaching Medical Professionalism with a Scenario-based Approach Using Role-Playing and Reflection: A Step towards Promoting Integration of Theory and Practice. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION & PROFESSIONALISM 2023; 11:42-49. [PMID: 36685147 PMCID: PMC9846097 DOI: 10.30476/jamp.2022.95605.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professionalism, as one of the core competencies of physicians, is essential for providing the patients with higher quality care. It is an abstract concept and its education and assessment need objective and operational methods. The present study aimed at teaching the concepts of professionalism based on a scenario-based approach using role-playing and reflection. METHODS This is a pre-experimental study (one-group pretest-posttest design) with a mixed method approach. The study was conducted on 18 medical students (by voluntary sampling method) who had enrolled in the Medical Ethics Course at Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Twelve scenarios were designed about the most prevalent issues of medical professionalism. In each session, one group of students played out their scenarios and then, the participants and instructors discussed their role-playing. Participants' knowledge about professionalism was assessed at the beginning and end of each session, and they completed a satisfaction questionnaire and a reflection form. T-tests (one-sample and paired T-test) were applied for statistical analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26), and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. RESULTS The mean scores of the participants' knowledge in post-test were significantly higher than those in the pre-test (P=0.042, t=-2.074). The mean scores of the participants' role-playing quality (p<0.001) and satisfaction (p=0.001) were significantly higher than their corresponding test values. Qualitative analysis of the participants' reflections revealed their satisfaction with the study intervention. CONCLUSION The scenarios, role-playing, and reflection could provide an opportunity for operationalizing the concepts of professionalism and deep learning of students. Medical instructors need to improve their knowledge and skills of using active methods in teaching professionalism to medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mianehsaz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Saber
- Department of Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Atiye Faghihi
- Educational Development Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Alghulaydhawi FA, Hersi RM, Al-shahwan S. Perception of Medical Professionalism Among Ophthalmology Residents in Saudi Arabia: A National Survey Study. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2022; 29:27-32. [PMID: 36685342 PMCID: PMC9846954 DOI: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_239_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have shown that there are significant differences in the concepts of medical professionalism among residents. Very few studies have specifically evaluated the perception of medical professionalism in a specific specialty. The aim of the study is to evaluate the perception of medical professionalism among ophthalmology residents and to assess the differences in the concept of professionalism between junior and senior residents. METHODS This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire to survey ophthalmology residents enrolled in different regions of Saudi Arabia in 2020. The ophthalmology residents included both junior and senior residents. In this study, "professionalism" concurred with the definition in the American Board of Internal Medicine's "Project Professionalism" and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. RESULTS A total of 167 participants were recruited in the study. Out of the 127 participants who completed the survey, 60 (47.24%) were junior residents and 67 (52.76%) were senior residents. The scores for the attributes varied markedly. The lowest score obtained was 6.54 ± 3.349 for the attribute "In an emergency putting the welfare of others over my own safety" in the "Altrusim" domain and the highest score obtained was 9.62 ± 0.854 for the attribute "respect for co-workers" in the "Respect for others" domain. Out of the total residents who completed the survey (n = 127), 84 (66.14%) agreed that professionalism is teachable through a residency curriculum and 85 (66.93%) thought that it is testable. CONCLUSION The characteristics of different attributes of professionalism varied significantly among the residents. The findings of the present study highlights that the conceptualization and perception of professionalism is changing and there is a need to focus on the resident curriculum to instill the values of professionalism. Targeted training is needed on the concepts of professionalism to develop behaviors consistent with medical professionalism and to evaluate the levels of professionalism among residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A. Alghulaydhawi
- Anterior Segment Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Fahad A. Alghulaydhawi, Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Reem M. Hersi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Al-shahwan
- Glaucoma Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mohammadi E, Mirzazadeh A, Shahsavari H, Sohrabpour AA. Clinical teachers' perceptions of role modeling: a qualitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:261. [PMID: 33957904 PMCID: PMC8101106 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Role modeling has been significantly considered in medical education in recent decades. In the clinical course, students learn necessary skills and accordingly their professional identity is formed by observing and working among clinical educators. Given the importance of the role modeling in medical education, in the present study, it was attempted to explore the clinical teachers' perceptions of being a role model for medical students using a qualitative method. METHODS A qualitative design, based on the content analysis approach, was used to analyze the perspectives of 15 clinical teachers. Participants were chosen by purposeful sampling. Data were collected using reflection paper writing. RESULTS During the data analysis, five main categories emerged: influencing others, developing different dimensions of student, situational self-awareness, feedback and continuous effort. CONCLUSIONS This study will be useful to form role modeling educational programs. Encouraging clinical teachers to make continuous efforts to improve role modeling and educating time management and self-control skills can help reduce the challenges of role modeling for clinical teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mohammadi
- Education Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Professions Education Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Mirzazadeh
- Health Professions Education Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Shahsavari
- Medical-Surgical Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Sohrabpour
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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