1
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Komarova NL, Rignot C, Fleischman AG, Wodarz D. Dynamically adjusted cell fate decisions and resilience to mutant invasion during steady-state hematopoiesis revealed by an experimentally parameterized mathematical model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321525121. [PMID: 39250660 PMCID: PMC11420203 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321525121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A major next step in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology is to enhance our quantitative understanding of cellular and evolutionary dynamics involved in undisturbed hematopoiesis. Mathematical models have been and continue to be key in this respect, and are most powerful when parameterized experimentally and containing sufficient biological complexity. In this paper, we use data from label propagation experiments in mice to parameterize a mathematical model of hematopoiesis that includes homeostatic control mechanisms as well as clonal evolution. We find that nonlinear feedback control can drastically change the interpretation of kinetic estimates at homeostasis. This suggests that short-term HSC and multipotent progenitors can dynamically adjust to sustain themselves temporarily in the absence of long-term HSCs, even if they differentiate more often than they self-renew in undisturbed homeostasis. Additionally, the presence of feedback control in the model renders the system resilient against mutant invasion. Invasion barriers, however, can be overcome by a combination of age-related changes in stem cell differentiation and evolutionary niche construction dynamics based on a mutant-associated inflammatory environment. This helps us understand the evolution of e.g., TET2 or DNMT3A mutants, and how to potentially reduce mutant burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. Komarova
- Department of Mathematics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Chiara Rignot
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | | | - Dominik Wodarz
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
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2
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Chulián S, Martínez-Rubio Á, Marciniak-Czochra A, Stiehl T, Goñi CB, Rodríguez Gutiérrez JF, Ramírez Orellana M, Castillo Robleda A, Pérez-García VM, Rosa M. Dynamical properties of feedback signalling in B lymphopoiesis: A mathematical modelling approach. J Theor Biol 2021; 522:110685. [PMID: 33745905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is the process of generation of blood cells. Lymphopoiesis generates lymphocytes, the cells in charge of the adaptive immune response. Disruptions of this process are associated with diseases like leukaemia, which is especially incident in children. The characteristics of self-regulation of this process make them suitable for a mathematical study. In this paper we develop mathematical models of lymphopoiesis using currently available data. We do this by drawing inspiration from existing structured models of cell lineage development and integrating them with paediatric bone marrow data, with special focus on regulatory mechanisms. A formal analysis of the models is carried out, giving steady states and their stability conditions. We use this analysis to obtain biologically relevant regions of the parameter space and to understand the dynamical behaviour of B-cell renovation. Finally, we use numerical simulations to obtain further insight into the influence of proliferation and maturation rates on the reconstitution of the cells in the B line. We conclude that a model including feedback regulation of cell proliferation represents a biologically plausible depiction for B-cell reconstitution in bone marrow. Research into haematological disorders could benefit from a precise dynamical description of B lymphopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Chulián
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Rubio
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, BioQuant and Interdisciplinary Center of Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, BioQuant and Interdisciplinary Center of Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Manuel Ramírez Orellana
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Castillo Robleda
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M Pérez-García
- Department of Mathematics, Mathematical Oncology Laboratory (MOLAB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto de Matemática Aplicada a la Ciencia y la Ingeniería (IMACI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain; ETSI Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Rosa
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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3
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Stiehl T. Using mathematical models to improve risk-scoring in acute myeloid leukemia. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:123150. [PMID: 33380018 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer of the blood forming (hematopoietic) system. Due to the high patient variability of disease dynamics, risk-scoring is an important part of its clinical management. AML is characterized by impaired blood cell formation and the accumulation of so-called leukemic blasts in the bone marrow of patients. Recently, it has been proposed to use counts of blood-producing (hematopoietic) stem cells (HSCs) as a biomarker for patient prognosis. In this work, we use a non-linear mathematical model to provide mechanistic evidence for the suitability of HSC counts as a prognostic marker. Using model analysis and computer simulations, we compare different risk-scores involving HSC quantification. We propose and validate a simple approach to improve risk prediction based on HSC and blast counts measured at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Mastelaro de Rezende M, Zenker Justo G, Julian Paredes-Gamero E, Gosens R. Wnt-5A/B Signaling in Hematopoiesis throughout Life. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081801. [PMID: 32751131 PMCID: PMC7465103 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is well-known to play major roles in the hematopoietic system, from embryogenesis to aging and disease. In addition to the main β-catenin-dependent pathway, it is now clear that Wnt5a and the structurally related Wnt5b are essential for hematopoiesis, bone marrow colonization and the final steps of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maturation via β-catenin-independent signaling. Wnt5a and Wnt5b ligands prevent hematopoietic exhaustion (by maintaining quiescent, long-term HSCs), induce the proliferation of progenitors, and guide myeloid development, in addition to being involved in the development of aging-related alterations. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on these roles of Wnt5a and Wn5b signaling in the hematopoietic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mastelaro de Rezende
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.d.R.); (G.Z.J.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.d.R.); (G.Z.J.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.d.R.); (G.Z.J.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50363-8177
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5
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Personal response to immune checkpoint inhibitors of patients with advanced melanoma explained by a computational model of cellular immunity, tumor growth, and drug. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226869. [PMID: 31877168 PMCID: PMC6932803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, are transforming clinical oncology. Yet, insufficient overall response rate, and accelerated tumor growth rate in some patients, highlight the need for identifying potential responders. To construct a computational model, identifying response predictors, and enabling immunotherapy personalization. The combined dynamics of cellular immunity, pembrolizumab, and the melanoma cancer were modeled by a set of ordinary differential equations. The model relies on a scheme of T memory stem cells, progressively differentiating into effector CD8+ T cells, and additionally includes T cell exhaustion, reinvigoration and senescence. Clinical data of a pembrolizumab-treated patient with advanced melanoma (Patient O’) were used for model calibration and simulations. Virtual patient populations, varying in one parameter or more, were generated for retrieving clinical studies. Simulations captured the major features of Patient O’s disease, displaying a good fit to her clinical data. A temporary increase in tumor burden, as implied by the clinical data, was obtained only when assuming aberrant self-renewal rates. Variation in effector T cell cytotoxicity was sufficient for simulating dynamics that vary from rapid progression to complete cure, while variation in tumor immunogenicity has a delayed and limited effect on response. Simulations of a-specific clinical trial were in good agreement with the clinical results, demonstrating positive correlations between response to pembrolizumab and the ratio of reinvigoration to baseline tumor load. These results were obtained by assuming inter-patient variation in the toxicity of effector CD8+ T cells, and in their intrinsic division rate, as well as by assuming that the intrinsic division rate of cancer cells is correlated with the baseline tumor burden. In conclusion, hyperprogression can result from lower patient-specific effector cytotoxicity, a temporary increase in tumor load is unlikely to result from real tumor growth, and the ratio of reinvigoration to tumor load can predict personal response to pembrolizumab. Upon further validation, the model can serve for immunotherapy personalization.
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6
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Böttcher MA, Dingli D, Werner B, Traulsen A. Replicative cellular age distributions in compartmentalized tissues. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2018.0272. [PMID: 30158183 PMCID: PMC6127166 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular age distribution of hierarchically organized tissues can reveal important insights into the dynamics of cell differentiation and self-renewal and associated cancer risks. Here, we examine the effect of progenitor compartments with varying differentiation and self-renewal capacities on the resulting observable distributions of replicative cellular ages. We find that strongly amplifying progenitor compartments, i.e. compartments with high self-renewal capacities, substantially broaden the age distributions which become skewed towards younger cells with a long tail of few old cells. For several of these strongly amplifying compartments, the age distribution becomes virtually independent of the influx from the stem cell compartment. By contrast, if tissues are organized into many downstream compartments with low self-renewal capacity, the shape of the replicative cell distribution in more differentiated compartments is dominated by stem cell dynamics with little added variation. In the limiting case of a strict binary differentiation tree without self-renewal, the shape of the output distribution becomes indistinguishable from that of the input distribution. Our results suggest that a comparison of cellular age distributions between healthy and cancerous tissues may inform about dynamical changes within the hierarchical tissue structure, i.e. an acquired increased self-renewal capacity in certain tumours. Furthermore, we compare our theoretical results to telomere length distributions in granulocyte populations of 10 healthy individuals across different ages, highlighting that our theoretical expectations agree with experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A Böttcher
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - David Dingli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Werner
- Evolutionary Genomics & Modelling Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Arne Traulsen
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
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7
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Galvis D, Walsh D, Harries LW, Latorre E, Rankin J. A dynamical systems model for the measurement of cellular senescence. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190311. [PMID: 31594522 PMCID: PMC6833332 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells provide a good in vitro model to study ageing. However, cultures of ‘senescent’ cells consist of a mix of cell subtypes (proliferative, senescent, growth-arrested and apoptotic). Determining the proportion of senescent cells is crucial for studying ageing and developing new anti-degenerative therapies. Commonly used markers such as doubling population, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, Ki-67, γH2AX and TUNEL assays capture diverse and overlapping cellular populations and are not purely specific to senescence. A newly developed dynamical systems model follows the transition of an initial culture to senescence tracking population doubling, and the proportion of cells in proliferating, growth-arrested, apoptotic and senescent states. Our model provides a parsimonious description of transitions between these states accruing towards a predominantly senescent population. Using a genetic algorithm, these model parameters are well constrained by an in vitro human primary fibroblast dataset recording five markers at 16 time points. The computational model accurately fits to the data and translates these joint markers into the first complete description of the proportion of cells in different states over the lifetime. The high temporal resolution of the dataset demonstrates the efficacy of strategies for reconstructing the trajectory towards replicative senescence with a minimal number of experimental recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Galvis
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Translational Research Exchange at Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Darren Walsh
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Lorna W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Eva Latorre
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - James Rankin
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK.,EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, UK
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8
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Afenya EK, Ouifki R, Mundle SD. Mathematical modeling of bone marrow - peripheral blood dynamics in the disease state based on current emerging paradigms, part II. J Theor Biol 2019; 460:37-55. [PMID: 30296448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell hypothesis has gained currency in recent times but concerns remain about its scientific foundations because of significant gaps that exist between research findings and comprehensive knowledge about cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this light, a mathematical model that considers hematopoietic dynamics in the diseased state of the bone marrow and peripheral blood is proposed and used to address findings about CSCs. The ensuing model, resulting from a modification and refinement of a recent model, develops out of the position that mathematical models of CSC development, that are few at this time, are needed to provide insightful underpinnings for biomedical findings about CSCs as the CSC idea gains traction. Accordingly, the mathematical challenges brought on by the model that mirror general challenges in dealing with nonlinear phenomena are discussed and placed in context. The proposed model describes the logical occurrence of discrete time delays, that by themselves present mathematical challenges, in the evolving cell populations under consideration. Under the challenging circumstances, the steady state properties of the model system of delay differential equations are obtained, analyzed, and the resulting mathematical predictions arising therefrom are interpreted and placed within the framework of findings regarding CSCs. Simulations of the model are carried out by considering various parameter scenarios that reflect different experimental situations involving disease evolution in human hosts. Model analyses and simulations suggest that the emergence of the cancer stem cell population alongside other malignant cells engenders higher dimensions of complexity in the evolution of malignancy in the bone marrow and peripheral blood at the expense of healthy hematopoietic development. The model predicts the evolution of an aberrant environment in which the malignant population particularly in the bone marrow shows tendencies of reaching an uncontrollable equilibrium state. Essentially, the model shows that a structural relationship exists between CSCs and non-stem malignant cells that confers on CSCs the role of temporally enhancing and stimulating the expansion of non-stem malignant cells while also benefitting from increases in their own population and these CSCs may be the main protagonists that drive the ultimate evolution of the uncontrollable equilibrium state of such malignant cells and these may have implications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans K Afenya
- Department of Mathematics, Elmhurst College, 190 Prospect Avenue, Elmhurst, IL 60126, USA.
| | - Rachid Ouifki
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Suneel D Mundle
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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9
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Xu S, Kim S, Chen ISY, Chou T. Modeling large fluctuations of thousands of clones during hematopoiesis: The role of stem cell self-renewal and bursty progenitor dynamics in rhesus macaque. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006489. [PMID: 30335762 PMCID: PMC6218102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent clone-tracking experiment, millions of uniquely tagged hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells were autologously transplanted into rhesus macaques and peripheral blood containing thousands of tags were sampled and sequenced over 14 years to quantify the abundance of hundreds to thousands of tags or “clones.” Two major puzzles of the data have been observed: consistent differences and massive temporal fluctuations of clone populations. The large sample-to-sample variability can lead clones to occasionally go “extinct” but “resurrect” themselves in subsequent samples. Although heterogeneity in HSC differentiation rates, potentially due to tagging, and random sampling of the animals’ blood and cellular demographic stochasticity might be invoked to explain these features, we show that random sampling cannot explain the magnitude of the temporal fluctuations. Moreover, we show through simpler neutral mechanistic and statistical models of hematopoiesis of tagged cells that a broad distribution in clone sizes can arise from stochastic HSC self-renewal instead of tag-induced heterogeneity. The very large clone population fluctuations that often lead to extinctions and resurrections can be naturally explained by a generation-limited proliferation constraint on the progenitor cells. This constraint leads to bursty cell population dynamics underlying the large temporal fluctuations. We analyzed experimental clone abundance data using a new statistic that counts clonal disappearances and provided least-squares estimates of two key model parameters in our model, the total HSC differentiation rate and the maximum number of progenitor-cell divisions. Hematopoiesis of virally tagged cells in rhesus macaques is analyzed in the context of a mechanistic and statistical model. We find that the clone size distribution and the temporal variability in the abundance of each clone (viral tag) in peripheral blood are consistent with (i) stochastic HSC self-renewal during bone marrow repair, (ii) clonal aging that restricts the number of generations of progenitor cells, and (iii) infrequent and small-size samples. By fitting data, we infer two key parameters that control the level of fluctuations of clone sizes in our model: the total HSC differentiation rate and the maximum proliferation capacity of progenitor cells. Our analysis provides insight into the mechanisms of hematopoiesis and a framework to guide future multiclone barcoding/lineage tracking measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sanggu Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Irvin S. Y. Chen
- UCLA AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tom Chou
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Fornari C, O'Connor LO, Yates JWT, Cheung SYA, Jodrell DI, Mettetal JT, Collins TA. Understanding Hematological Toxicities Using Mathematical Modeling. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:644-654. [PMID: 29604045 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Balancing antitumor efficacy with toxicity is a significant challenge, and drug-induced myelosuppression is a common dose-limiting toxicity of cancer treatments. Mathematical modeling has proven to be a powerful ally in this field, scaling results from animal models to humans, and designing optimized treatment regimens. Here we outline existing mathematical approaches for studying bone marrow toxicity, identify gaps in current understanding, and make future recommendations to advance this vital field of safety research further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fornari
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - James W T Yates
- DMPK, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Y Amy Cheung
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan I Jodrell
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jerome T Mettetal
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Teresa A Collins
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Lica JJ, Grabe GJ, Heldt M, Misiak M, Bloch P, Serocki M, Switalska M, Wietrzyk J, Baginski M, Hellmann A, Borowski E, Skladanowski A. Cell Density-Dependent Cytological Stage Profile and Its Application for a Screen of Cytostatic Agents Active Toward Leukemic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:488-513. [PMID: 29431006 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and expansion of leukemia is driven by leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Multidrug resistance (MDR) of LSCs is one of the main reasons of failure and relapses in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. In this study, we show that maintaining HL-60 at low cell culture density or applying a 240-day treatment with anthrapyridazone (BS-121) increased the percentage of primitive cells, which include LSCs determining the overall stage profile. This change manifested in morphology, expression of both cell surface markers and redox-state proteins, as well as mitochondrial potential. Moreover, four sublines were generated, each with unique and characteristic stage profile and cytostatic sensitivity. Cell density-induced culture alterations (affecting stage profiles) were exploited in a screen of anthrapyridazones. Among the compound tested, C-123 was the most potent against primitive cell stages while generating relatively low amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, it had low toxicity in vivo and weakly affected blood morphology of healthy mice. The cell density-dependent stage profiles could be utilized in preliminary drug screens for activity against LSCs or in construction of patient-specific platforms to find drugs effective in case of AML relapse (drug extrapolation). The correlation between ROS generation in differentiated cells and toxic effect observed in HL-60 has a potential application in myelotoxicity predictions. The discovered properties of C-123 indicate its potential application in AML treatment, specifically in conditioned myeloablation preceding allogeneic transplantation and/or ex vivo treatment preceding autologous transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Lica
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz J Grabe
- 2 Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Heldt
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland
| | - Majus Misiak
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Bloch
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Serocki
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland .,3 Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Switalska
- 4 Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy , Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- 4 Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy , Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Baginski
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hellmann
- 5 Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk, Poland
| | - Edward Borowski
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland .,6 BLIRT S.A. (BioLab Innovative Research Technologies) , Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skladanowski
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Spector
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Translational Tissue Engineering
Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT) and ∥Department of Material Sciences & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore 21218, Maryland, United States
| | - Warren L. Grayson
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Translational Tissue Engineering
Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT) and ∥Department of Material Sciences & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore 21218, Maryland, United States
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13
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Quantifying replicative senescence as a tumor suppressor pathway and a target for cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17660. [PMID: 26647820 PMCID: PMC4673423 DOI: 10.1038/srep17660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To study quantitatively replicative senescence as a tumor suppressor mechanism, we investigate the distribution of a growing clonal cell population restricted by Hayflick’s limit. We find that in the biologically relevant range of parameters, if the imbalance between cell division and death is moderate or low (high death-to-birth ratio), senescence offers significant protection against cancer by halting abnormal cell proliferation at early pre-diagnostic stages of tumor development. We also find that by the time tumors are typically detected, there is a high probability that telomerase is activated, even if the cell of origin was telomerase negative. Hence, the fact that most cancers are positive for telomerase is not necessarily an indication that cancer originated in a telomerase positive cell. Finally, we discuss how the population dynamics of cells can determine the outcomes of anti-telomerase cancer therapies, and provide guidelines on how the model could potentially be applied to develop clinically useful tools to predict the response to treatment by telomerase inhibitors in individual patients.
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Walenda T, Diener Y, Jost E, Morin-Kensicki E, Goecke TW, Bosio A, Rath B, Brümmendorf TH, Bissels U, Wagner W. MicroRNAs and Metabolites in Serum Change after Chemotherapy: Impact on Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128231. [PMID: 26024523 PMCID: PMC4449031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic regeneration after high dose chemotherapy necessitates activation of the stem cell pool. There is evidence that serum taken after chemotherapy comprises factors stimulating proliferation and self-renewal of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) – however, the nature of these feedback signals is yet unclear. Here, we addressed the question if specific microRNAs (miRNAs) or metabolites are affected after high dose chemotherapy. Serum taken from the same patients before and after chemotherapy was supplemented for in vitro cultivation of HSPCs. Serum taken after chemotherapy significantly enhanced HSPC proliferation, better maintained a CD34+ immunophenotype, and stimulated colony forming units. Microarray analysis revealed that 23 miRNAs changed in serum after chemotherapy – particularly, miRNA-320c and miRNA-1275 were down-regulated whereas miRNA-3663-3p was up-regulated. miRNA-320c was exemplarily inhibited by an antagomiR, which seemed to increase proliferation. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated that 44 metabolites were less abundant, whereas three (including 2-hydroxybutyrate and taurocholenate sulphate) increased in serum upon chemotherapy. Nine of these metabolites were subsequently tested for effects on HSPCs in vitro, but none of them exerted a clear concentration dependent effect on proliferation, immunophenotype and colony forming unit formation. Taken together, serum profiles of miRNAs and metabolites changed after chemotherapy. Rather than individually, these factors may act in concert to recruit HSPCs into action for hematopoietic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walenda
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Edgar Jost
- Department for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Tamme W. Goecke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, German
| | | | - Björn Rath
- Department for Orthopedics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Bissels
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Getto P, Marciniak-Czochra A. Mathematical Modelling as a Tool to Understand Cell Self-renewal and Differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1293:247-266. [PMID: 26040693 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2519-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical modeling is a powerful technique to address key questions and paradigms in a variety of complex biological systems and can provide quantitative insights into cell kinetics, fate determination and development of cell populations. The chapter is devoted to a review of modeling of the dynamics of stem cell-initiated systems using mathematical methods of ordinary differential equations. Some basic concepts and tools for cell population dynamics are summarized and presented as a gentle introduction to non-mathematicians. The models take into account different plausible mechanisms regulating homeostasis. Two mathematical frameworks are proposed reflecting, respectively, a discrete (punctuated by division events) and a continuous character of transitions between differentiation stages. Advantages and constraints of the mathematical approaches are presented on examples of models of blood systems and compared to patients data on healthy hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Getto
- TU Dresden, Fachrichtung Mathematik, Institut für Analysis, 01062, Dresden, Germany,
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16
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Wagner W, Weidner CI, Lin Q. Do age-associated DNA methylation changes increase the risk of malignant transformation? Bioessays 2014; 37:20-4. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering; RWTH University Medical School; Aachen Germany
| | - Carola I. Weidner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering; RWTH University Medical School; Aachen Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering; RWTH University Medical School; Aachen Germany
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17
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Weekes SL, Barker B, Bober S, Cisneros K, Cline J, Thompson A, Hlatky L, Hahnfeldt P, Enderling H. A multicompartment mathematical model of cancer stem cell-driven tumor growth dynamics. Bull Math Biol 2014; 76:1762-82. [PMID: 24840956 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-014-9976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are appreciated to be an intrinsically heterogeneous population of cells with varying proliferation capacities and tumorigenic potentials. As a central tenet of the so-called cancer stem cell hypothesis, most cancer cells have only a limited lifespan, and thus cannot initiate or reinitiate tumors. Longevity and clonogenicity are properties unique to the subpopulation of cancer stem cells. To understand the implications of the population structure suggested by this hypothesis--a hierarchy consisting of cancer stem cells and progeny non-stem cancer cells which experience a reduction in their remaining proliferation capacity per division--we set out to develop a mathematical model for the development of the aggregate population. We show that overall tumor progression rate during the exponential growth phase is identical to the growth rate of the cancer stem cell compartment. Tumors with identical stem cell proportions, however, can have different growth rates, dependent on the proliferation kinetics of all participating cell populations. Analysis of the model revealed that the proliferation potential of non-stem cancer cells is likely to be small to reproduce biologic observations. Furthermore, a single compartment of non-stem cancer cell population may adequately represent population growth dynamics only when the compartment proliferation rate is scaled with the generational hierarchy depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Weekes
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA , 01609, USA,
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18
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Walenda T, Stiehl T, Braun H, Fröbel J, Ho AD, Schroeder T, Goecke TW, Rath B, Germing U, Marciniak-Czochra A, Wagner W. Feedback signals in myelodysplastic syndromes: increased self-renewal of the malignant clone suppresses normal hematopoiesis. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003599. [PMID: 24763223 PMCID: PMC3998886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are triggered by an aberrant hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). It is, however, unclear how this clone interferes with physiologic blood formation. In this study, we followed the hypothesis that the MDS clone impinges on feedback signals for self-renewal and differentiation and thereby suppresses normal hematopoiesis. Based on the theory that the MDS clone affects feedback signals for self-renewal and differentiation and hence suppresses normal hematopoiesis, we have developed a mathematical model to simulate different modifications in MDS-initiating cells and systemic feedback signals during disease development. These simulations revealed that the disease initiating cells must have higher self-renewal rates than normal HSCs to outcompete normal hematopoiesis. We assumed that self-renewal is the default pathway of stem and progenitor cells which is down-regulated by an increasing number of primitive cells in the bone marrow niche – including the premature MDS cells. Furthermore, the proliferative signal is up-regulated by cytopenia. Overall, our model is compatible with clinically observed MDS development, even though a single mutation scenario is unlikely for real disease progression which is usually associated with complex clonal hierarchy. For experimental validation of systemic feedback signals, we analyzed the impact of MDS patient derived serum on hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro: in fact, MDS serum slightly increased proliferation, whereas maintenance of primitive phenotype was reduced. However, MDS serum did not significantly affect colony forming unit (CFU) frequencies indicating that regulation of self-renewal may involve local signals from the niche. Taken together, we suggest that initial mutations in MDS particularly favor aberrant high self-renewal rates. Accumulation of primitive MDS cells in the bone marrow then interferes with feedback signals for normal hematopoiesis – which then results in cytopenia. Myelodysplastic syndromes are diseases which are characterized by ineffective blood formation. There is accumulating evidence that they are caused by an aberrant hematopoietic stem cell. However, it is yet unclear how this malignant clone suppresses normal hematopoiesis. To this end, we generated mathematical models under the assumption that feedback signals regulate self-renewal and proliferation of normal and diseased stem cells. The simulations demonstrate that the malignant cells must have particularly higher self-renewal rates than normal stem cells – rather than higher proliferation rates. On the other hand, down-regulation of self-renewal by the increasing number of malignant cells in the bone marrow niche can explain impairment of normal blood formation. In fact, we show that serum of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, as compared to serum of healthy donors, stimulates proliferation and moderately impacts on maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vitro. Thus, aberrant high self-renewal rates of the malignant clone seem to initiate disease development; suppression of normal blood formation is then caused by a rebound effect of feedback signals which down-regulate self-renewal of normal stem and progenitor cells as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walenda
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Stiehl
- Interdisciplinary Center of Scientific Computing (IWR), Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Braun
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Fröbel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthony D. Ho
- Department of Medicine V, Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schroeder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tamme W. Goecke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn Rath
- Department for Orthopedics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Interdisciplinary Center of Scientific Computing (IWR), Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Poleszczuk J, Hahnfeldt P, Enderling H. Biphasic modulation of cancer stem cell-driven solid tumour dynamics in response to reactivated replicative senescence. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:267-76. [PMID: 24666838 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cell senescence is a physiological programme of irreversible mitotic arrest that is triggered after a variety of intracellular and extracellular events. Its purpose is to protect tissue integrity by disabling mitosis in stressed or damaged cells. The senescence program serves as a tumour suppressor, and cancer cells are believed to bypass senescence to advance to malignancy. Recent studies have shown that senescence can be reactivated in cancer cells through a number of external perturbations, including oncogene activation, tumour suppressor gene withdrawal and irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have developed an agent-based model of solid tumour growth whose input population composition is based on the cancer stem-cell hypothesis. It is used to show how cancer stem cells can drive tumour progression, while non-stem cancer cells (CCs) interfere with this by impeding cancer stem-cell dynamics. RESULTS Here we show that intratumoural competition between the two cell types may arise to modulate tumour progression and ultimately cancer presentation risk. Model simulations reveal that reactivation of the replicative senescence programme in CCs initially increases total tumour burden, as attrition from cell death is partially averted, but evolves to provide tumour control in the long-term through increasing constraints on stem-cell compartment kinetics. CONCLUSIONS Reactivation of replicative senescence can prolong CC competition with cancer stem cells, thereby ultimately inhibiting malignant progression regardless of tumour size.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Poleszczuk
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, GRI, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02135, USA; College of Inter-faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-089, Poland
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20
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Stiehl T, Baran N, Ho AD, Marciniak-Czochra A. Clonal selection and therapy resistance in acute leukaemias: mathematical modelling explains different proliferation patterns at diagnosis and relapse. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20140079. [PMID: 24621818 PMCID: PMC3973374 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence suggests that acute myeloid leukaemias may originate from multiple clones of malignant cells. Nevertheless, it is not known how the observed clones may differ with respect to cell properties, such as proliferation and self-renewal. There are scarcely any data on how these cell properties change due to chemotherapy and relapse. We propose a new mathematical model to investigate the impact of cell properties on the multi-clonal composition of leukaemias. Model results imply that enhanced self-renewal may be a key mechanism in the clonal selection process. Simulations suggest that fast proliferating and highly self-renewing cells dominate at primary diagnosis, while relapse following therapy-induced remission is triggered mostly by highly self-renewing but slowly proliferating cells. Comparison of simulation results to patient data demonstrates that the proposed model is consistent with clinically observed dynamics based on a clonal selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, BIOQUANT and IWR, Im Neuenheimer Feld 294, University of Heidelberg, , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Kimmel M. Stochasticity and determinism in models of hematopoiesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 844:119-52. [PMID: 25480640 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter represents a novel view of modeling in hematopoiesis, synthesizing both deterministic and stochastic approaches. Whereas the stochastic models work in situations where chance dominates, for example when the number of cells is small, or under random mutations, the deterministic models are more important for large-scale, normal hematopoiesis. New types of models are on the horizon. These models attempt to account for distributed environments such as hematopoietic niches and their impact on dynamics. Mixed effects of such structures and chance events are largely unknown and constitute both a challenge and promise for modeling. Our discussion is presented under the separate headings of deterministic and stochastic modeling; however, the connections between both are frequently mentioned. Four case studies are included to elucidate important examples. We also include a primer of deterministic and stochastic dynamics for the reader's use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kimmel
- Department of Statistics and Bioengineering, Rice University, 2102 Duncan Hall, 6100 Main St., 77005, Houston, TX, USA,
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22
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Stiehl T, Ho AD, Marciniak-Czochra A. Assessing hematopoietic (stem-) cell behavior during regenerative pressure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 844:347-67. [PMID: 25480650 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex and strongly regulated process. In case of regenerative pressure, efficient recovery of blood cell counts is crucial for survival of an individual. We propose a quantitative mathematical model of white blood cell formation based on the following cell parameters: (1) proliferation rate, (2) self-renewal, and (3) cell death. Simulating this model we assess the change of these parameters under regenerative pressure. The proposed model allows to quantitatively describe the impact of these cell parameters on engraftment time after stem cell transplantation. Results indicate that enhanced self-renewal during the posttransplant period is crucial for efficient regeneration of blood cell counts while constant or reduced self-renewal leads to delayed recovery or graft failure. Increased cell death in the posttransplant period has a similar impact. In contrast, reduced proliferation or pre-homing cell death causes only mild delays in blood cell recovery which can be compensated sufficiently by increasing the dose of transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stiehl
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Global dynamics of two-compartment models for cell production systems with regulatory mechanisms. Math Biosci 2013; 245:258-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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24
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Stiehl T, Ho AD, Marciniak-Czochra A. The impact of CD34+ cell dose on engraftment after SCTs: personalized estimates based on mathematical modeling. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 49:30-7. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Rodriguez-Brenes IA, Wodarz D, Komarova NL. Minimizing the risk of cancer: tissue architecture and cellular replication limits. J R Soc Interface 2013; 10:20130410. [PMID: 23825115 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal somatic cells are capable of only a limited number of divisions, which prevents unlimited cell proliferation and the onset of tumours. Cancer cells find ways to circumvent this obstacle, typically by expressing the enzyme telomerase and less often by alternative recombination strategies. Given this fundamental link between cellular replication limits and cancer, it is important to understand how a tissue's architecture affects the replicative capacity of a cell population. We define this as the average number of remaining divisions at equilibrium. The lower the replication capacity, the lower the chances to escape the replication limit during abnormal growth when a tumour develops. In this paper, we examine how the replication capacity is influenced by defining characteristics of cell lineages, such as the number of intermediate cell compartments, self-renewal capability of cells and division rates. We describe an optimal tissue architecture that minimizes the replication capacity of dividing cells and thus the risk of cancer. Interestingly, some of the features that define an optimal tissue architecture have been documented in a variety of tissues, suggesting that they may have evolved as a cancer-protecting strategy in multicellular organisms.
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26
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Sun L, Brown R, Chen S, Zhuge Q, Su DM. Aging induced decline in T-lymphopoiesis is primarily dependent on status of progenitor niches in the bone marrow and thymus. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 4:606-19. [PMID: 23047952 PMCID: PMC3492225 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related decline in the generation of T cells is associated with two primary lymphoid organs, the bone marrow (BM) and thymus. Both organs contain lympho-hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells (LPCs) and non-hematopoietic stromal/niche cells. Murine model showed this decline is not due to reduced quantities of LPCs, nor autonomous defects in LPCs, but rather defects in their niche cells. However, this viewpoint is challenged by the fact that aged BM progenitors have a myeloid skew. By grafting young wild-type (WT) BM progenitors into aged IL-7R−/− hosts, which possess WT-equivalent niches although LPCs are defect, we demonstrated that these young BM progenitors also exhibited a myeloid skew. We, further, demonstrated that aged BM progenitors, recruited by a grafted fetal thymus in the in vivo microenvironment, were able to compete with their young counterparts, although the in vitro manipulated old BM cells were not able to do so in conventional BM transplantation. Both LPCs and their niche cells inevitably get old with increasing organismal age, but aging in niche cells occurred much earlier than in LPCs by an observation in thymic T-lymphopoiesis. Therefore, the aging induced decline in competence to generate T cells is primarily dependent on status of the progenitor niche cells in the BM and thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguang Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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27
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Marciniak-Czochra A, Stiehl T. Mathematical Models of Hematopoietic Reconstitution After Stem Cell Transplantation. CONTRIBUTIONS IN MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30367-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Kinetic model of HIV infection including hematopoietic progenitor cells. Math Biosci 2012; 236:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Koch CM, Wagner W. Epigenetic-aging-signature to determine age in different tissues. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 3:1018-27. [PMID: 22067257 PMCID: PMC3229965 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
All tissues of the organism are affected by aging. This process is associated with epigenetic modifications such as methylation changes at specific cytosine residues in the DNA (CpG sites). Here, we have identified an Epigenetic-Aging-Signature which is applicable for many tissues to predict donor age. DNA-methylation profiles of various cell types were retrieved from public data depositories - all using the HumanMethylation27 BeadChip platform which represents 27,578 CpG sites. Five datasets from dermis, epidermis, cervical smear, T-cells and monocytes were used for Pavlidis Template Matching to identify 19 CpG sites that are continuously hypermethylated upon aging (R > 0.6; p-value <10−13). Four of these CpG sites (associated with the genes NPTX2, TRIM58, GRIA2 and KCNQ1DN) and an additional hypomethylated CpG site (BIRC4BP) were implemented in a model to predict donor age. This Epigenetic-Aging-Signature was tested on a validation group of eight independent datasets corresponding to several cell types from different tissues. Overall, the five CpG sites revealed age-associated DNA-methylation changes in all tissues. The average absolute difference between predicted and real chronological age was about 11 years. This method can be used to predict donor age in various cell preparations - for example in forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Koch
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
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30
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Schellenberg A, Lin Q, Schüler H, Koch CM, Joussen S, Denecke B, Walenda G, Pallua N, Suschek CV, Zenke M, Wagner W. Replicative senescence of mesenchymal stem cells causes DNA-methylation changes which correlate with repressive histone marks. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 3:873-88. [PMID: 22025769 PMCID: PMC3227452 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cells in culture undergo replicative senescence. In this study, we analyzed functional, genetic and epigenetic sequels of long-term culture in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Already within early passages the fibroblastoid colonyforming unit (CFU-f) frequency and the differentiation potential of MSC declined significantly. Relevant chromosomal aberrations were not detected by karyotyping and SNP-microarrays. Subsequently, we have compared DNA-methylation profiles with the Infinium HumanMethylation27 Bead Array and the profiles differed markedly in MSC derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow. Notably, all MSC revealed highly consistent senescence-associated modifications at specific CpG sites. These DNA-methylation changes correlated with histone marks of previously published data sets, such as trimethylation of H3K9, H3K27 and EZH2 targets. Taken together, culture expansion of MSC has profound functional implications - these are hardly reflected by genomic instability but they are associated with highly reproducible DNA-methylation changes which correlate with repressive histone marks. Therefore replicative senescence seems to be epigenetically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schellenberg
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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31
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Taylor JR, Lehmann BD, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA. Cooperative effects of Akt-1 and Raf-1 on the induction of cellular senescence in doxorubicin or tamoxifen treated breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2012; 2:610-26. [PMID: 21881167 PMCID: PMC3248208 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Escape from cellular senescence induction is a potent mechanism for chemoresistance. Cellular senescence can be induced in breast cancer cell lines by the removal of estrogen signaling with tamoxifen or by the accumulation of DNA damage induced by the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. Long term culturing of the hormone-sensitive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in doxorubicin (MCF-7/DoxR) reduced the ability of doxorubicin, but not tamoxifen, to induce senescence. Two pathways that are often upregulated in chemo- and hormonal-resistance are the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways. To determine if active Akt-1 and Raf-1 can influence drug-induced senescence, we stably introduced activated ΔAkt-1(CA) and ΔRaf-1(CA) into drug-sensitive and doxorubicin-resistant cells. Expression of a constitutively-active Raf-1 construct resulted in higher baseline senescence, indicating these cells possessed the ability to undergo oncogene-induced-senescence. Constitutive activation of the Akt pathway significantly decreased drug-induced senescence in response to doxorubicin but not tamoxifen in MCF-7 cells. However, constitutive Akt-1 activation in drug-resistant cells containing high levels of active ERK completely escaped cellular senescence induced by doxorubicin and tamoxifen. These results indicate that up regulation of the Ras/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway in the presence of elevated Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling together can contribute to drug-resistance by diminishing cell senescence in response to chemotherapy. Understanding how breast cancers containing certain oncogenic mutations escape cell senescence in response to chemotherapy and hormonal based therapies may provide insights into the design of more effective drug combinations for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson R Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858 USA
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Nakata Y, Getto P, Marciniak-Czochra A, Alarcón T. Stability analysis of multi-compartment models for cell production systems. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2011; 6 Suppl 1:2-18. [PMID: 22873671 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2011.558214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study two- and three-compartment models of a hierarchical cell production system with cell division regulated by the level of mature cells. We investigate the structure of equilibria with respect to parameters as well as local stability properties for the equilibria. To interpret the results we adapt the concept of reproduction numbers, which is well known in ecology, to stem cell population dynamics. In the two-compartment model, the positive equilibrium is stable wherever it exists. In the three-compartment model, we find that the intermediate stage of differentiation is responsible for the emergence of an instability region in the parameter plane. Moreover, we prove that this region shrinks as the mortality rate for mature cells increases and discuss this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Nakata
- BCAM-Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.
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Cholewa D, Stiehl T, Schellenberg A, Bokermann G, Joussen S, Koch C, Walenda T, Pallua N, Marciniak-Czochra A, Suschek CV, Wagner W. Expansion of adipose mesenchymal stromal cells is affected by human platelet lysate and plating density. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:1409-22. [PMID: 21396157 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x557218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) changes in the course of in vitro culture expansion. Little is known how these cell preparations are influenced by culture media, plating density, or passaging. In this study, we have isolated MSCs from human adipose tissue in culture medium supplemented with either fetal calf serum (FCS) or human platelet lysate (HPL). In addition, culture expansion was simultaneously performed at plating densities of 10 or 10,000 cells/cm(2). The use of FCS resulted in larger cells, whereas HPL significantly enhanced proliferation. Notably, HPL also facilitated expansion for more population doublings than FCS (43 ± 3 vs. 22 ± 4 population doubling; p < 0.001), while plating density did not have a significant effect on long-term growth curves. To gain further insight into population dynamics, we conceived a cellular automaton model to simulate expansion of MSCS. It is based on the assumptions that the number of cell divisions is limited and that due to contact inhibition proliferation occurs only at the rim of colonies. The model predicts that low plating densities result in more heterogeneity with regard to cell division history, and favor subpopulations of higher migratory activity. In summary, HPL is a suitable serum supplement for isolation of MSC from adipose tissue and facilitates more population doublings than FCS. Cellular automaton computer simulations provided additional insights into how complex population dynamics during long-term expansion are affected by plating density and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Cholewa
- Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Colmegna I, Weyand CM. Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 50:252-60. [PMID: 20837497 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RA is the prototypic chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by progressive articular cartilage and bone destruction. The systemic nature of RA is evidenced by the increased risk of atherosclerosis and lymphoproliferative disorders. Components of both the innate and adaptive immune system are implicated in the pathophysiology of the articular and extra-articular manifestations of the disease. A fundamental process in the onset of RA is the breakdown in self-tolerance. Accelerated ageing of immune cells (immunosenescence) appears to be a major mechanism favouring the disruption of tolerance. Telomere erosion, a hallmark of immunosenescence, is present in lymphoid (naïve and memory T cells) and myeloid (granulocytes) cells in RA. The premature ageing process also involves the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CD34(+) HSPC), thus extending the RA immunopathogenesis to include early events in the shaping of the immune system. This review summarizes current concepts of HSPC ageing and its impact on immune regeneration, highlighting the phenotypic and functional similarities between elderly and RA HSPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Colmegna
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.
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Wagner W, Ho AD, Zenke M. Different Facets of Aging in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:445-53. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wagner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anthony D. Ho
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
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Bork S, Pfister S, Witt H, Horn P, Korn B, Ho AD, Wagner W. DNA methylation pattern changes upon long-term culture and aging of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Aging Cell 2010; 9:54-63. [PMID: 19895632 PMCID: PMC2814091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within 2–3 months of in vitro culture-expansion, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) undergo replicative senescence characterized by cell enlargement, loss of differentiation potential and ultimate growth arrest. In this study, we have analyzed DNA methylation changes upon long-term culture of MSC by using the HumanMethylation27 BeadChip microarray assessing 27 578 unique CpG sites. Furthermore, we have compared MSC from young and elderly donors. Overall, methylation patterns were maintained throughout both long-term culture and aging but highly significant differences were observed at specific CpG sites. Many of these differences were observed in homeobox genes and genes involved in cell differentiation. Methylation changes were verified by pyrosequencing after bisulfite conversion and compared to gene expression data. Notably, methylation changes in MSC were overlapping in long-term culture and aging in vivo. This supports the notion that replicative senescence and aging represent developmental processes that are regulated by specific epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bork
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pfister
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Pediatric Brain Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Witt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Pediatric Brain Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Horn
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Korn
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen University Medical School52074 Aachen, Germany
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Schallmoser K, Bartmann C, Rohde E, Bork S, Guelly C, Obenauf AC, Reinisch A, Horn P, Ho AD, Strunk D, Wagner W. Replicative senescence-associated gene expression changes in mesenchymal stromal cells are similar under different culture conditions. Haematologica 2010; 95:867-74. [PMID: 20053868 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.011692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on mesenchymal stromal cells has created high expectations for a variety of therapeutic applications. Extensive propagation to yield enough mesenchymal stromal cells for therapy may result in replicative senescence and thus hamper long-term functionality in vivo. Highly variable proliferation rates of mesenchymal stromal cells in the course of long-term expansions under varying culture conditions may already indicate different propensity for cellular senescence. We hypothesized that senescence-associated regulated genes differ in mesenchymal stromal cells propagated under different culture conditions. DESIGN AND METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were cultured either by serial passaging or by a two-step protocol in three different growth conditions. Culture media were supplemented with either fetal bovine serum in varying concentrations or pooled human platelet lysate. RESULTS All mesenchymal stromal cell preparations revealed significant gene expression changes upon long-term culture. Especially genes involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis and cell death were up-regulated, whereas genes involved in mitosis and proliferation were down-regulated. Furthermore, overlapping senescence-associated gene expression changes were found in all mesenchymal stromal cell preparations. CONCLUSIONS Long-term cell growth induced similar gene expression changes in mesenchymal stromal cells independently of isolation and expansion conditions. In advance of therapeutic application, this panel of genes might offer a feasible approach to assessing mesenchymal stromal cell quality with regard to the state of replicative senescence.
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