1
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Feng D, Qu L, Powell-Coffman JA. Transcriptome analyses describe the consequences of persistent HIF-1 over-activation in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295093. [PMID: 38517909 PMCID: PMC10959373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metazoan animals rely on oxygen for survival, but during normal development and homeostasis, animals are often challenged by hypoxia (low oxygen). In metazoans, many of the critical hypoxia responses are mediated by the evolutionarily conserved hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). The stability and activity of HIF complexes are strictly regulated. In the model organism C. elegans, HIF-1 stability and activity are negatively regulated by VHL-1, EGL-9, RHY-1 and SWAN-1. Importantly, C. elegans mutants carrying strong loss-of-function mutations in these genes are viable, and this provides opportunities to interrogate the molecular consequences of persistent HIF-1 over-activation. We find that the genome-wide gene expression patterns are compellingly similar in these mutants, supporting models in which RHY-1, VHL-1 and EGL-9 function in common pathway(s) to regulate HIF-1 activity. These studies illuminate the diversified biological roles played by HIF-1, including metabolism and stress response. Genes regulated by persistent HIF-1 over-activation overlap with genes responsive to pathogens, and they overlap with genes regulated by DAF-16. As crucial stress regulators, HIF-1 and DAF-16 converge on key stress-responsive genes and function synergistically to enable hypoxia survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxia Feng
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Long Qu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jo Anne Powell-Coffman
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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2
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Feng D, Qu L. Transcriptome analyses describe the consequences of persistent HIF-1 over-activation in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567311. [PMID: 38014086 PMCID: PMC10680707 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Metazoan animals rely on oxygen for survival, but during normal development and homeostasis, animals are often challenged by hypoxia (low oxygen). In metazoans, many of the critical hypoxia responses are mediated by the evolutionarily conserved hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). The stability and activity of HIF complexes are strictly regulated. In the model organism C. elegans, HIF-1 stability and activity are negatively regulated by VHL-1, EGL-9, RHY-1 and SWAN-1. Importantly, C. elegans mutants carrying strong loss-of-function mutations in these genes are viable, and this provides opportunities to interrogate the molecular consequences of persistent HIF-1 over-activation. We find that the genome-wide gene expression patterns are compellingly similar in these mutants, supporting models in which RHY-1, SWAN-1 and EGL-9 function in common pathway(s) to regulate HIF-1 activity. These studies illuminate the diversified biological roles played by HIF-1, including metabolism, hypoxia and other stress responses, reproduction and development. Genes regulated by persistent HIF-1 over-activation overlap with genes responsive to pathogens, and they overlap with genes regulated by DAF-16. As crucial stress regulators, HIF-1 and DAF-16 converge on key stress-responsive genes and function synergistically to enable hypoxia survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxia Feng
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Long Qu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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3
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Doering KRS, Ermakova G, Taubert S. Nuclear hormone receptor NHR-49 is an essential regulator of stress resilience and healthy aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1241591. [PMID: 37645565 PMCID: PMC10461480 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1241591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Caenorhabditis elegans encodes 284 nuclear hormone receptor, which perform diverse functions in development and physiology. One of the best characterized of these is NHR-49, related in sequence and function to mammalian hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Initially identified as regulator of lipid metabolism, including fatty acid catabolism and desaturation, additional important roles for NHR-49 have since emerged. It is an essential contributor to longevity in several genetic and environmental contexts, and also plays vital roles in the resistance to several stresses and innate immune response to infection with various bacterial pathogens. Here, we review how NHR-49 is integrated into pertinent signaling circuits and how it achieves its diverse functions. We also highlight areas for future investigation including identification of regulatory inputs that drive NHR-49 activity and identification of tissue-specific gene regulatory outputs. We anticipate that future work on this protein will provide information that could be useful for developing strategies to age-associated declines in health and age-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie R. S. Doering
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Glafira Ermakova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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4
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Traa A, Shields H, AlOkda A, Rudich ZD, Ko B, Van Raamsdonk JM. Endosomal trafficking protein TBC-2 is required for the longevity of long-lived mitochondrial mutants. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1145198. [PMID: 37261067 PMCID: PMC10228650 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1145198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mutations that result in a mild impairment of mitochondrial function can extend longevity. Previous studies have shown that the increase in lifespan is dependent on stress responsive transcription factors, including DAF-16/FOXO, which exhibits increased nuclear localization in long-lived mitochondrial mutants. We recently found that the localization of DAF-16 within the cell is dependent on the endosomal trafficking protein TBC-2. Based on the important role of DAF-16 in both longevity and resistance to stress, we examined the effect of disrupting tbc-2 on lifespan and stress resistance in the long-lived mitochondrial mutants nuo-6 and isp-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of tbc-2 markedly reduced the long lifespans of both mitochondrial mutants. Disruption of tbc-2 also decreased resistance to chronic oxidative stress in nuo-6 and isp-1 mutants but had little or no detrimental effect on resistance to other stressors. In contrast, tbc-2 inhibition had no effect on oxidative stress resistance or lifespan in isp-1 worms when DAF-16 is absent, suggesting that the effect of tbc-2 on mitochondrial mutant lifespan may be mediated by mislocalization of DAF-16. However, this result is complicated by the fact that deletion of daf-16 markedly decreases both phenotypes in isp-1 worms, which could result in a floor effect. In exploring the contribution of DAF-16 further, we found that disruption of tbc-2 did not affect the nuclear localization of DAF-16 in isp-1 worms or prevent the upregulation of DAF-16 target genes in the long-lived mitochondrial mutants. This suggests the possibility that the effect of tbc-2 on lifespan and stress resistance in the long-lived mitochondrial mutants is at least partially independent of its effects on DAF-16 localization. Overall, this work demonstrates the importance of endosomal trafficking for the extended longevity and enhanced stress resistance resulting from mild impairment of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Traa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hazel Shields
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Abdelrahman AlOkda
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zenith D. Rudich
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bokang Ko
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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5
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Traa A, Soo SK, AlOkda A, Ko B, Rocheleau CE, Van Raamsdonk JM. Endosomal trafficking protein TBC-2 modulates stress resistance and lifespan through DAF-16-dependent and independent mechanisms. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13762. [PMID: 36794357 PMCID: PMC10014066 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The FOXO transcription factor, DAF-16, plays an integral role in insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) and stress response. In conditions of stress or decreased IIS, DAF-16 moves to the nucleus where it activates genes that promote survival. To gain insight into the role of endosomal trafficking in resistance to stress, we disrupted tbc-2, which encodes a GTPase activating protein that inhibits RAB-5 and RAB-7. We found that tbc-2 mutants have decreased nuclear localization of DAF-16 in response to heat stress, anoxia, and bacterial pathogen stress, but increased nuclear localization of DAF-16 in response to chronic oxidative stress and osmotic stress. tbc-2 mutants also exhibit decreased upregulation of DAF-16 target genes in response to stress. To determine whether the rate of nuclear localization of DAF-16 affected stress resistance in these animals, we examined survival after exposure to multiple exogenous stressors. Disruption of tbc-2 decreased resistance to heat stress, anoxia, and bacterial pathogen stress in both wild-type worms and stress-resistant daf-2 insulin/IGF-1 receptor mutants. Similarly, deletion of tbc-2 decreases lifespan in both wild-type worms and daf-2 mutants. When DAF-16 is absent, the loss of tbc-2 is still able to decrease lifespan but has little or no impact on resistance to most stresses. Combined, this suggests that disruption of tbc-2 affects lifespan through both DAF-16-dependent and DAF-16-independent pathways, while the effect of tbc-2 deletion on resistance to stress is primarily DAF-16-dependent. Overall, this work demonstrates the importance of endosomal trafficking for the proper nuclear localization of DAF-16 during stress and that perturbation of normal endosomal trafficking is sufficient to decrease both stress resistance and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Traa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonja K Soo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdelrahman AlOkda
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bokang Ko
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian E Rocheleau
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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6
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Tan L, Zheng ZY, Huang L, Jin Z, Li SL, Wu GS, Luo HR. Flavonol glycoside complanatoside A requires FOXO/DAF-16, NRF2/SKN-1, and HSF-1 to improve stress resistances and extend the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:931886. [PMID: 36071837 PMCID: PMC9441740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.931886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with the increased risk of most age-related diseases in humans. Complanatoside A (CA) is a flavonoid compound isolated from the herbal medicine Semen Astragali Complanati. CA was reported to have potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In this study, we investigated whether CA could increase the stress resistance capability and life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results showed that CA could extend the longevity of C. elegans in a dosage-dependent manner, while 50 μM of CA has the best effect and increased the life span of C. elegans by about 16.87%. CA also improved the physiological functions in aging worms, such as enhanced locomotor capacity, and reduced the accumulation of the aging pigment. CA could also reduce the accumulation of toxic proteins (α-synuclein and β-amyloid) and delay the onset of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, in models of C. elegans. Further investigation has revealed that CA requires DAF-16/FOXO, SKN-1, and HSF-1 to extend the life span of C. elegans. CA could increase the antioxidation and detoxification activities regulated by transcription factor SKN-1 and the heat resistance by activating HSF-1 that mediated the expression of the chaperone heat shock proteins. Our results suggest that CA is a potential antiaging agent worth further research for its pharmacological mechanism and development for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guang’an People’s Hospital, Guang’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lv Huang
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhong Jin
- Luzhou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Su-Lian Li
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Gui-Sheng Wu, ; Huai-Rong Luo,
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Gui-Sheng Wu, ; Huai-Rong Luo,
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7
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SIN-3 functions through multi-protein interaction to regulate apoptosis, autophagy, and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10560. [PMID: 35732652 PMCID: PMC9217932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
SIN3/HDAC is a multi-protein complex that acts as a regulatory unit and functions as a co-repressor/co-activator and a general transcription factor. SIN3 acts as a scaffold in the complex, binding directly to HDAC1/2 and other proteins and plays crucial roles in regulating apoptosis, differentiation, cell proliferation, development, and cell cycle. However, its exact mechanism of action remains elusive. Using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model, we can surpass the challenges posed by the functional redundancy of SIN3 isoforms. In this regard, we have previously demonstrated the role of SIN-3 in uncoupling autophagy and longevity in C. elegans. In order to understand the mechanism of action of SIN3 in these processes, we carried out a comparative analysis of the SIN3 protein interactome from model organisms of different phyla. We identified conserved, expanded, and contracted gene classes. The C. elegans SIN-3 interactome -revealed the presence of well-known proteins, such as DAF-16, SIR-2.1, SGK-1, and AKT-1/2, involved in autophagy, apoptosis, and longevity. Overall, our analyses propose potential mechanisms by which SIN3 participates in multiple biological processes and their conservation across species and identifies candidate genes for further experimental analysis.
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8
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Remofuscin induces xenobiotic detoxification via a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling pathway to extend the Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7161. [PMID: 35504961 PMCID: PMC9064964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipofuscin is a representative biomarker of aging that is generated naturally over time. Remofuscin (soraprazan) improves age-related eye diseases by removing lipofuscin from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. In this study, the effect of remofuscin on longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans and the underlying mechanism were investigated. The results showed that remofuscin significantly (p < 0.05) extended the lifespan of C. elegans (N2) compared with the negative control. Aging biomarkers were improved in remofuscin-treated worms. The expression levels of genes related to lysosomes (lipl-1 and lbp-8), a nuclear hormone receptor (nhr-234), fatty acid beta-oxidation (ech-9), and xenobiotic detoxification (cyp-34A1, cyp-35A1, cyp-35A2, cyp-35A3, cyp-35A4, cyp-35A5, cyp-35C1, gst-28, and gst-5) were increased in remofuscin-treated worms. Moreover, remofuscin failed to extend the lives of C. elegans with loss-of-function mutations (lipl-1, lbp-8, nhr-234, nhr-49, nhr-8, cyp-35A1, cyp-35A2, cyp-35A3, cyp-35A5, and gst-5), suggesting that these genes are associated with lifespan extension in remofuscin-treated C. elegans. In conclusion, remofuscin activates the lysosome-to-nucleus pathway in C. elegans, thereby increasing the expression levels of xenobiotic detoxification genes resulted in extending their lifespan.
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9
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Haeussler S, Yeroslaviz A, Rolland SG, Luehr S, Lambie EJ, Conradt B. Genome-wide RNAi screen for regulators of UPRmt in Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with defects in mitochondrial fusion. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6204483. [PMID: 33784383 PMCID: PMC8495942 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics plays an important role in mitochondrial quality control and the adaptation of metabolic activity in response to environmental changes. The disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has detrimental consequences for mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis and leads to the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a quality control mechanism that adjusts cellular metabolism and restores homeostasis. To identify genes involved in the induction of UPRmt in response to a block in mitochondrial fusion, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen in Caenorhabditis elegans mutants lacking the gene fzo-1, which encodes the ortholog of mammalian Mitofusin, and identified 299 suppressors and 86 enhancers. Approximately 90% of these 385 genes are conserved in humans, and one third of the conserved genes have been implicated in human disease. Furthermore, many have roles in developmental processes, which suggests that mitochondrial function and the response to stress are defined during development and maintained throughout life. Our dataset primarily contains mitochondrial enhancers and non-mitochondrial suppressors of UPRmt, indicating that the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis has evolved as a critical cellular function, which, when disrupted, can be compensated for by many different cellular processes. Analysis of the subsets 'non-mitochondrial enhancers' and 'mitochondrial suppressors' suggests that organellar contact sites, especially between the ER and mitochondria, are of importance for mitochondrial homeostasis. In addition, we identified several genes involved in IP3 signaling that modulate UPRmt in fzo-1 mutants and found a potential link between pre-mRNA splicing and UPRmt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haeussler
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Assa Yeroslaviz
- Computational Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphane G Rolland
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Sebastian Luehr
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eric J Lambie
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Conradt
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6AP, United Kingdom
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10
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Liu YJ, McIntyre RL, Janssens GE, Williams EG, Lan J, van Weeghel M, Schomakers B, van der Veen H, van der Wel NN, Yao P, Mair WB, Aebersold R, MacInnes AW, Houtkooper RH. Mitochondrial translation and dynamics synergistically extend lifespan in C. elegans through HLH-30. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151623. [PMID: 32259199 PMCID: PMC7265311 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial form and function are closely interlinked in homeostasis and aging. Inhibiting mitochondrial translation is known to increase lifespan in C. elegans, and is accompanied by a fragmented mitochondrial network. However, whether this link between mitochondrial translation and morphology is causal in longevity remains uncharacterized. Here, we show in C. elegans that disrupting mitochondrial network homeostasis by blocking fission or fusion synergizes with reduced mitochondrial translation to prolong lifespan and stimulate stress response such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, UPRMT. Conversely, immobilizing the mitochondrial network through a simultaneous disruption of fission and fusion abrogates the lifespan increase induced by mitochondrial translation inhibition. Furthermore, we find that the synergistic effect of inhibiting both mitochondrial translation and dynamics on lifespan, despite stimulating UPRMT, does not require it. Instead, this lifespan-extending synergy is exclusively dependent on the lysosome biogenesis and autophagy transcription factor HLH-30/TFEB. Altogether, our study reveals the mechanistic crosstalk between mitochondrial translation, mitochondrial dynamics, and lysosomal signaling in regulating longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine J Liu
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca L McIntyre
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georges E Janssens
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evan G Williams
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiayi Lan
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Schomakers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van der Veen
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pallas Yao
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - William B Mair
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alyson W MacInnes
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Ramachandran PV, Savini M, Folick AK, Hu K, Masand R, Graham BH, Wang MC. Lysosomal Signaling Promotes Longevity by Adjusting Mitochondrial Activity. Dev Cell 2019; 48:685-696.e5. [PMID: 30713071 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes and mitochondria are both crucial cellular organelles for metabolic homeostasis and organism health. However, mechanisms linking their metabolic activities to promote organism longevity remain poorly understood. We discovered that the induction of specific lysosomal signaling mediated by a LIPL-4 lysosomal acid lipase and its lipid chaperone LBP-8 increases mitochondrial ß-oxidation to reduce lipid storage and promote longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. We further discovered that increased mitochondrial ß-oxidation reduces mitochondrial electron transport chain complex II activity, contributing to the induction of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria (mtROS) and the longevity effect conferred by LIPL-4-LBP-8 signaling. Moreover, by activating the JUN-1 transcription factor downstream of mtROS, the LIPL-4-LBP-8 signaling pathway induces antioxidant targets and oxidative stress tolerance. Together, these results reveal regulatory mechanisms by which lysosomal signaling triggers adjustments in mitochondrial activity and suggest the significance of these metabolic adjustments for improving metabolic fitness, redox homeostasis, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna V Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marzia Savini
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew K Folick
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kuang Hu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruchi Masand
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng C Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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12
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Torgovnick A, Schiavi A, Shaik A, Kassahun H, Maglioni S, Rea SL, Johnson TE, Reinhardt HC, Honnen S, Schumacher B, Nilsen H, Ventura N. BRCA1 and BARD1 mediate apoptotic resistance but not longevity upon mitochondrial stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201845856. [PMID: 30366941 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventions that promote healthy aging are typically associated with increased stress resistance. Paradoxically, reducing the activity of core biological processes such as mitochondrial or insulin metabolism promotes the expression of adaptive responses, which in turn increase animal longevity and resistance to stress. In this study, we investigated the relation between the extended Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan elicited by reduction in mitochondrial functionality and resistance to genotoxic stress. We find that reducing mitochondrial activity during development confers germline resistance to DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a cell-non-autonomous manner. We identified the C. elegans homologs of the BRCA1/BARD1 tumor suppressor genes, brc-1/brd-1, as mediators of the anti-apoptotic effect but dispensable for lifespan extension upon mitochondrial stress. Unexpectedly, while reduced mitochondrial activity only in the soma was not sufficient to promote longevity, its reduction only in the germline or in germline-less strains still prolonged lifespan. Thus, in animals with partial reduction in mitochondrial functionality, the mechanisms activated during development to safeguard the germline against genotoxic stress are uncoupled from those required for somatic robustness and animal longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Torgovnick
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany.,Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine and the CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfonso Schiavi
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anjumara Shaik
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henok Kassahun
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Akershus University, Akershus, Norway
| | - Silvia Maglioni
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Shane L Rea
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas E Johnson
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics & Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hans C Reinhardt
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine and the CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Honnen
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Toxicology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Akershus University, Akershus, Norway
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany .,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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13
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Molenaars M, Janssens GE, Santermans T, Lezzerini M, Jelier R, MacInnes AW, Houtkooper RH. Mitochondrial ubiquinone-mediated longevity is marked by reduced cytoplasmic mRNA translation. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1. [PMID: 30198021 PMCID: PMC6126614 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study uses polysomal RNA sequencing to show that the translational efficiency of specific mRNA changes in long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans with reduced ubiquinone synthesis. Mutations in the clk-1 gene impair mitochondrial ubiquinone biosynthesis and extend the lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate here that this life extension is linked to the repression of cytoplasmic mRNA translation, independent of the alleged nuclear form of CLK-1. Clk-1 mutations inhibit polyribosome formation similarly to daf-2 mutations that dampen insulin signaling. Comparisons of total versus polysomal RNAs in clk-1(qm30) mutants reveal a reduction in the translational efficiencies of mRNAs coding for elements of the translation machinery and an increase in those coding for the oxidative phosphorylation and autophagy pathways. Knocking down the transcription initiation factor TATA-binding protein-associated factor 4, a protein that becomes sequestered in the cytoplasm during early embryogenesis to induce transcriptional silencing, ameliorates the clk-1 inhibition of polyribosome formation. These results underscore a prominent role for the repression of cytoplasmic protein synthesis in eukaryotic lifespan extension and suggest that mutations impairing mitochondrial function are able to exploit this repression similarly to reductions of insulin signaling. Moreover, this report reveals an unexpected role for TATA-binding protein-associated factor 4 as a repressor of polyribosome formation when ubiquinone biosynthesis is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Molenaars
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georges E Janssens
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toon Santermans
- CMPG - Predictive Genetics and Multicellular Systems, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Lezzerini
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Jelier
- CMPG - Predictive Genetics and Multicellular Systems, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alyson W MacInnes
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Goh GYS, Winter JJ, Bhanshali F, Doering KRS, Lai R, Lee K, Veal EA, Taubert S. NHR-49/HNF4 integrates regulation of fatty acid metabolism with a protective transcriptional response to oxidative stress and fasting. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12743. [PMID: 29508513 PMCID: PMC5946062 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous stresses elicit transcriptional responses that limit damage and promote cell/organismal survival. Like its mammalian counterparts, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), Caenorhabditis elegans NHR-49 is a well-established regulator of lipid metabolism. Here, we reveal that NHR-49 is essential to activate a transcriptional response common to organic peroxide and fasting, which includes the pro-longevity gene fmo-2/flavin-containing monooxygenase. These NHR-49-dependent, stress-responsive genes are also upregulated in long-lived glp-1/notch receptor mutants, with two of them making critical contributions to the oxidative stress resistance of wild-type and long-lived glp-1 mutants worms. Similar to its role in lipid metabolism, NHR-49 requires the mediator subunit mdt-15 to promote stress-induced gene expression. However, NHR-49 acts independently from the transcription factor hlh-30/TFEB that also promotes fmo-2 expression. We show that activation of the p38 MAPK, PMK-1, which is important for adaptation to a variety of stresses, is also important for peroxide-induced expression of a subset of NHR-49-dependent genes that includes fmo-2. However, organic peroxide increases NHR-49 protein levels, by a posttranscriptional mechanism that does not require PMK-1 activation. Together, these findings establish a new role for the HNF4/PPARα-related NHR-49 as a stress-activated regulator of cytoprotective gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y. S. Goh
- Graduate Program in Cell & Developmental Biology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics; Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Johnathan J. Winter
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Forum Bhanshali
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics; Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Kelsie R. S. Doering
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics; Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Regina Lai
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics; Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Kayoung Lee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics; Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Graduate Program in Cell & Developmental Biology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics; Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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15
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Senchuk MM, Dues DJ, Schaar CE, Johnson BK, Madaj ZB, Bowman MJ, Winn ME, Van Raamsdonk JM. Activation of DAF-16/FOXO by reactive oxygen species contributes to longevity in long-lived mitochondrial mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2018. [PMID: 29522556 PMCID: PMC5862515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild deficits in mitochondrial function have been shown to increase lifespan in multiple species including worms, flies and mice. Here, we study three C. elegans mitochondrial mutants (clk-1, isp-1 and nuo-6) to identify overlapping genetic pathways that contribute to their longevity. We find that genes regulated by the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 are upregulated in all three strains, and that the transcriptional changes present in these worms overlap significantly with the long-lived insulin-IGF1 signaling pathway mutant daf-2. We show that DAF-16 and multiple DAF-16 interacting proteins (MATH-33, IMB-2, CST-1/2, BAR-1) are required for the full longevity of all three mitochondrial mutants. Our results suggest that the activation of DAF-16 in these mutants results from elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. Overall, this work reveals an overlapping genetic pathway required for longevity in three mitochondrial mutants, and, combined with previous work, demonstrates that DAF-16 is a downstream mediator of lifespan extension in multiple pathways of longevity. The use of genetic model organisms has permitted the identification of a large number of genes that influence longevity. These genes have been grouped into different pathways of lifespan extension, which have been proposed to modulate longevity by distinct mechanisms. In this work, we explore the mechanisms underlying longevity in three long-lived mitochondrial mutants in C. elegans. We find that all three mutants show upregulation of DAF-16/FOXO target genes and that DAF-16 as well as multiple proteins that function with DAF-16 are required for their longevity. Since DAF-16 has previously been shown to be responsible for the increase in lifespan resulting from decreasing insulin-IGF1 signaling, this indicates that different pathways of lifespan extension have overlapping mechanisms, and that DAF-16/FOXO is a common downstream mediator of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Senchuk
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (LAND), Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dylan J. Dues
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (LAND), Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Claire E. Schaar
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (LAND), Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin K. Johnson
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zachary B. Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Megan J. Bowman
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Winn
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jeremy M. Van Raamsdonk
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (LAND), Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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16
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Mitohormesis, an Antiaging Paradigm. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 340:35-77. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Chang HW, Pisano S, Chaturbedi A, Chen J, Gordon S, Baruah A, Lee SS. Transcription factors CEP-1/p53 and CEH-23 collaborate with AAK-2/AMPK to modulate longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2017; 16:814-824. [PMID: 28560849 PMCID: PMC5506430 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function has long been implicated in aging and various diseases. Recently, moderate mitochondrial ETC dysfunction has been found to prolong lifespan in diverse organisms, suggesting a conserved and complex role of mitochondria in longevity determination. Several nuclear transcription factors have been demonstrated to mediate the lifespan extension effect associated with partial impairment of the ETC, suggesting that compensatory transcriptional response to be crucial. In this study, we showed that the transcription factors CEP-1/p53 and CEH-23 act through a similar mechanism to modulate longevity in response to defective ETC in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genomewide gene expression profiling comparison revealed a new link between these two transcription factors and AAK-2/AMP kinase (AMPK) signaling. Further functional analyses suggested that CEP-1/p53 and CEH-23 act downstream of AAK-2/AMPK signaling and CRTC-1 transcriptional coactivator to promote stress resistance and lifespan. As AAK-2, CEP-1, and CEH-23 are all highly conserved, our findings likely provide important insights for understanding the organismal adaptive response to mitochondrial dysfunction in diverse organisms and will be relevant to aging and pathologies with a mitochondrial etiology in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wen Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Steve Pisano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Amaresh Chaturbedi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Jennifer Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Sarah Gordon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Aiswarya Baruah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Siu Sylvia Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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18
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Qureshi MA, Haynes CM, Pellegrino MW. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response: Signaling from the powerhouse. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13500-13506. [PMID: 28687630 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.791061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted and indispensable organelles required for cell performance. Accordingly, dysfunction to mitochondria can result in cellular decline and possibly the onset of disease. Cells use a variety of means to recover mitochondria and restore homeostasis, including the activation of retrograde pathways such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). In this Minireview, we will discuss how cells adapt to mitochondrial stress through UPRmt regulation. Furthermore, we will explore the current repertoire of biological functions that are associated with this essential stress-response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Qureshi
- From the Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019 and
| | - Cole M Haynes
- the Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Mark W Pellegrino
- From the Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019 and
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19
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Dues DJ, Schaar CE, Johnson BK, Bowman MJ, Winn ME, Senchuk MM, Van Raamsdonk JM. Uncoupling of oxidative stress resistance and lifespan in long-lived isp-1 mitochondrial mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:362-373. [PMID: 28392283 PMCID: PMC5493208 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations affecting components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain have been shown to increase lifespan in multiple species including the worm Caenorhabditis elegans. While it was originally proposed that decreased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from lower rates of electron transport could account for the observed increase in lifespan, recent evidence indicates that ROS levels are increased in at least some of these long-lived mitochondrial mutants. Here, we show that the long-lived mitochondrial mutant isp-1 worms have increased resistance to oxidative stress. Our results suggest that elevated ROS levels in isp-1 worms cause the activation of multiple stress-response pathways including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, the SKN-1-mediated stress response, and the hypoxia response. In addition, these worms have increased expression of specific antioxidant enzymes, including a marked upregulation of the inducible superoxide dismutase genes sod-3 and sod-5. Examining the contribution of sod-3 and sod-5 to the oxidative stress resistance in isp-1 worms revealed that loss of either of these genes increased resistance to oxidative stress, but not other forms of stress. Deletion of sod-3 or sod-5 decreased the lifespan of isp-1 worms and further exacerbated their slow physiologic rates. Thus, while deletion of sod-3 and sod-5 genes has little impact on stress resistance, physiologic rates or lifespan in wild-type worms, these genes are required for the longevity of isp-1 worms. Overall, this work shows that the increased resistance to oxidative stress in isp-1 worms does not account for their longevity, and that resistance to oxidative stress can be experimentally dissociated from lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Dues
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (LAND), Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Claire E Schaar
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (LAND), Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Benjamin K Johnson
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Megan J Bowman
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mary E Winn
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Megan M Senchuk
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (LAND), Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (LAND), Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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20
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Livshits L, Chatterjee AK, Karbian N, Abergel R, Abergel Z, Gross E. Mechanisms of defense against products of cysteine catabolism in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:346-359. [PMID: 28179109 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine catabolism presents cells with a double-edged sword. On the one hand, cysteine degradation provides cells with essential molecules such as taurine and sulfide. The formation of sulfide in cells is thought to regulate important and diverse physiological processes including blood circulation, synaptic activity and inflammation. On the other hand, the catabolism of cysteine by gut microbiota can release high levels of sulfide that may underlie the development or relapse of ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Here, we have used the nematode C. elegans to explore how cells tolerate high levels of sulfide produced by cysteine degradation in bacteria. We have identified mutations in genes coding for thioredoxin family proteins, mitochondrial proteins, and collagens that confer tolerance to sulfide toxicity. Exposure to sulfide induces the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Moreover, our results suggest that sulfide toxicity is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Indeed, pre-treatment of worms with antioxidants increases their tolerance to sulfide toxicity. Intriguingly, sub-toxic levels of the superoxide generator paraquat can also increase the tolerance of worms to sulfide. Therefore, it appears that activation of ROS detoxification pathway prior to the exposure to sulfide, can increase the tolerance to sulfide toxicity. Our results suggest that these detoxification pathways are mediated by the hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1. Finally, we show that sulfide resistance varies among wild C. elegans and other nematode species, suggesting that tolerance to sulfide was naturally selected in certain habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Livshits
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arijit Kumar Chatterjee
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Netanel Karbian
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Abergel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zohar Abergel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Gross
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jerusalem, Israel.
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21
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C. elegans screening strategies to identify pro-longevity interventions. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 157:60-9. [PMID: 27473404 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drugs screenings in search of enhancers or suppressors of selected readout(s) are nowadays mainly carried out in single cells systems. These approaches are however limited when searching for compounds with effects at the organismal level. To overcome this drawback the use of different model organisms to carry out modifier screenings has exponentially grown in the past decade. Unique characteristics such as easy manageability, low cost, fast reproductive cycle, short lifespan, simple anatomy and genetic amenability, make the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans especially suitable for this purpose. Here we briefly review the different high-throughput and high-content screenings which exploited the nematode to identify new compounds extending healthy lifespan. In this context, we describe our recently developed screening strategy to search for pro-longevity interventions taking advantage of the very reproducible phenotypes observed in C. elegans upon different degrees of mitochondrial stress. Indeed, in Mitochondrial mutants, the processes induced to cope with mild mitochondrial alterations during development, and ultimately extending animal lifespan, lead to reduced size and induction of specific stress responses. Instead, upon strong mitochondrial dysfunction, worms arrest their development. Exploiting these automatically quantifiable phenotypic readouts, we developed a new screening approach using the Cellomics ArrayScanVTI-HCS Reader and identified a new pro-longevity drug.
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22
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Munkácsy E, Khan MH, Lane RK, Borror MB, Park JH, Bokov AF, Fisher AL, Link CD, Rea SL. DLK-1, SEK-3 and PMK-3 Are Required for the Life Extension Induced by Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Disruption in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006133. [PMID: 27420916 PMCID: PMC4946786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies numerous age-related pathologies. In an effort to uncover how the detrimental effects of mitochondrial dysfunction might be alleviated, we examined how the nematode C. elegans not only adapts to disruption of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, but in many instances responds with extended lifespan. Studies have shown various retrograde responses are activated in these animals, including the well-studied ATFS-1-dependent mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Such processes fall under the greater rubric of cellular surveillance mechanisms. Here we identify a novel p38 signaling cascade that is required to extend life when the mitochondrial electron transport chain is disrupted in worms, and which is blocked by disruption of the Mitochondrial-associated Degradation (MAD) pathway. This novel cascade is defined by DLK-1 (MAP3K), SEK-3 (MAP2K), PMK-3 (MAPK) and the reporter gene Ptbb-6::GFP. Inhibition of known mitochondrial retrograde responses does not alter induction of Ptbb-6::GFP, instead induction of this reporter often occurs in counterpoint to activation of SKN-1, which we show is under the control of ATFS-1. In those mitochondrial bioenergetic mutants which activate Ptbb-6::GFP, we find that dlk-1, sek-3 and pmk-3 are all required for their life extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Munkácsy
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maruf H. Khan
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine (Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca K. Lane
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Megan B. Borror
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jae H. Park
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alex F. Bokov
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alfred L. Fisher
- Department of Medicine (Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas VA Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Link
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics & Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Shane L. Rea
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Mishur RJ, Khan M, Munkácsy E, Sharma L, Bokov A, Beam H, Radetskaya O, Borror M, Lane R, Bai Y, Rea SL. Mitochondrial metabolites extend lifespan. Aging Cell 2016; 15:336-48. [PMID: 26729005 PMCID: PMC4783347 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial respiration in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can extend lifespan. We previously showed that long-lived respiratory mutants generate elevated amounts of α-ketoacids. These compounds are structurally related to α-ketoglutarate, suggesting they may be biologically relevant. Here, we show that provision of several such metabolites to wild-type worms is sufficient to extend their life. At least one mode of action is through stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). We also find that an α-ketoglutarate mimetic, 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDA), is alone sufficient to increase the lifespan of wild-type worms and this effect is blocked by removal of HIF-1. HIF-1 is constitutively active in isp-1(qm150) Mit mutants, and accordingly, 2,4-PDA does not further increase their lifespan. Incubation of mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with life-prolonging α-ketoacids also results in HIF-1α stabilization. We propose that metabolites that build up following mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction form a novel mode of cell signaling that acts to regulate lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Mishur
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Maruf Khan
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Erin Munkácsy
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
- Department of Cellular & Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Lokendra Sharma
- Department of Cellular & Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
- Biotechnology ProgrammeCenter for Biological SciencesCentral University of South BiharPatna800014India
| | - Alex Bokov
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Haley Beam
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Oxana Radetskaya
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Megan Borror
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Rebecca Lane
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Yidong Bai
- Department of Cellular & Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Shane L. Rea
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
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24
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Bitto A, Wang AM, Bennett CF, Kaeberlein M. Biochemical Genetic Pathways that Modulate Aging in Multiple Species. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5:5/11/a025114. [PMID: 26525455 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying biological aging have been extensively studied in the past 20 years with the avail of mainly four model organisms: the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, and the domestic mouse Mus musculus. Extensive research in these four model organisms has identified a few conserved genetic pathways that affect longevity as well as metabolism and development. Here, we review how the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), sirtuins, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and mitochondrial stress-signaling pathways influence aging and life span in the aforementioned models and their possible implications for delaying aging in humans. We also draw some connections between these biochemical pathways and comment on what new developments aging research will likely bring in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bitto
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Adrienne M Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | | | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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25
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Tether mutations that restore function and suppress pleiotropic phenotypes of the C. elegans isp-1(qm150) Rieske iron-sulfur protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E6148-57. [PMID: 26504246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1509416112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in numerous diseases as well as normative aging. Severe reduction in mitochondrial function contributes to childhood disorders such as Leigh Syndrome, whereas mild disruption can extend the lifespan of model organisms. The Caenorhabditis elegans isp-1 gene encodes the Rieske iron-sulfur protein subunit of cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III of the electron transport chain). The partial loss of function allele, isp-1(qm150), leads to several pleiotropic phenotypes. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of ISP-1 function, we sought to identify genetic suppressors of the delayed development of isp-1(qm150) animals. Here we report a series of intragenic suppressors, all located within a highly conserved six amino acid tether region of ISP-1. These intragenic mutations suppress all of the evaluated isp-1(qm150) phenotypes, including developmental rate, pharyngeal pumping rate, brood size, body movement, activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response reporter, CO2 production, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and lifespan extension. Furthermore, analogous mutations show a similar effect when engineered into the budding yeast Rieske iron-sulfur protein Rip1, revealing remarkable conservation of the structure-function relationship of these residues across highly divergent species. The focus on a single subunit as causal both in generation and in suppression of diverse pleiotropic phenotypes points to a common underlying molecular mechanism, for which we propose a "spring-loaded" model. These observations provide insights into how gating and control processes influence the function of ISP-1 in mediating pleiotropic phenotypes including developmental rate, movement, sensitivity to stress, and longevity.
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26
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Schiavi A, Maglioni S, Palikaras K, Shaik A, Strappazzon F, Brinkmann V, Torgovnick A, Castelein N, De Henau S, Braeckman BP, Cecconi F, Tavernarakis N, Ventura N. Iron-Starvation-Induced Mitophagy Mediates Lifespan Extension upon Mitochondrial Stress in C. elegans. Curr Biol 2015; 25:1810-22. [PMID: 26144971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Frataxin is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S-cluster-containing proteins and consequently in the functionality of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Similar to other proteins that regulate mitochondrial respiration, severe frataxin deficiency leads to pathology in humans--Friedreich's ataxia, a life-threatening neurodegenerative disorder--and to developmental arrest in the nematode C. elegans. Interestingly, partial frataxin depletion extends C. elegans lifespan, and a similar anti-aging effect is prompted by reduced expression of other mitochondrial regulatory proteins from yeast to mammals. The beneficial adaptive responses to mild mitochondrial stress are still largely unknown and, if characterized, may suggest novel potential targets for the treatment of human mitochondria-associated, age-related disorders. Here we identify mitochondrial autophagy as an evolutionarily conserved response to frataxin silencing, and show for the first time that, similar to mammals, mitophagy is activated in C. elegans in response to mitochondrial stress in a pdr-1/Parkin-, pink-1/Pink-, and dct-1/Bnip3-dependent manner. The induction of mitophagy is part of a hypoxia-like, iron starvation response triggered upon frataxin depletion and causally involved in animal lifespan extension. We also identify non-overlapping hif-1 upstream (HIF-1-prolyl-hydroxylase) and downstream (globins) regulatory genes mediating lifespan extension upon frataxin and iron depletion. Our findings indicate that mitophagy induction is part of an adaptive iron starvation response induced as a protective mechanism against mitochondrial stress, thus suggesting novel potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of mitochondrial-associated, age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Schiavi
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Maglioni
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Palikaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Anjumara Shaik
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Flavie Strappazzon
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Brinkmann
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessandro Torgovnick
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Sasha De Henau
- Biology Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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27
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A Mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans NDUF-7 Activates the Mitochondrial Stress Response and Prolongs Lifespan via ROS and CED-4. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2015; 5:1639-48. [PMID: 26038366 PMCID: PMC4528320 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.018598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol, coenzyme Q, and prenyl groups essential for small GTPase modification and function, and for the production of dolichols important for protein glycosylation. Statins, i.e., cholesterol-lowering drugs that inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, HMG-CoA reductase, are lethal to Caenorhabditis elegans even though this animal lacks the branch of the mevalonate pathway that leads to cholesterol synthesis. To better understand the effects of statins that are not related to cholesterol, we have adopted the strategy of isolating statin-resistant C. elegans mutants. Previously, we showed that such mutants often have gain-of-function mutations in ATFS-1, a protein that activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Here, we describe the isolation of a statin-resistant mutant allele of the NDUF-7 protein, which is a component of complex I in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The novel nduf-7(et19) mutant also exhibits constitutive and ATFS-1-dependent activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and prolonged life span, both of which are mediated through production of ROS. Additionally, lifespan extension, but not activation, of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response was dependent on the pro-apoptotic gene ced-4. We conclude that the nduf-7(et19) mutant allele causes an increase in reactive oxygen species that activate ATFS-1, hence UPRmt-mediated statin resistance, and extends life span via CED-4.
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28
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Schulz AM, Haynes CM. UPR(mt)-mediated cytoprotection and organismal aging. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1448-56. [PMID: 25857997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Time- or age-dependent accumulation of mitochondrial damage and dysfunction is strongly associated with aging [1]. Thus, a major biomedical goal is to identify and therapeutically manipulate those inherent programs that protect against mitochondrial dysfunction to promote cell survival and organismal health. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) is such a protective transcriptional response mediated by mitochondrial-to-nuclear signaling that includes mitochondrial proteostasis genes to stabilize mitochondrial function, metabolic adaptations, as well as an innate immunity program. Here, we review the UPR(mt) and its role during a variety of forms of mitochondrial dysfunction including those caused by mutations in respiratory chain genes as well as upon exposure to pathogens that produce mitochondrial toxins. We also review recent data in support of and against the emerging role of the UPR(mt) during aging and longevity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Schulz
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Cole M Haynes
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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29
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Chang HW, Shtessel L, Lee SS. Collaboration between mitochondria and the nucleus is key to long life in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:168-78. [PMID: 25450327 PMCID: PMC4280335 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings in diverse organisms strongly support a conserved role for mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction in longevity modulation, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. One way cells cope with mitochondrial dysfunction is through a retrograde transcriptional reprogramming response. In this review, we primarily focus on the work that has been performed in Caenorhabditis elegans to elucidate these mechanisms. We describe several transcription factors that participate in mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling and discuss how they mediate the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wen Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Ludmila Shtessel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Siu Sylvia Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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30
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Bennett CF, Choi H, Kaeberlein M. Searching for the elusive mitochondrial longevity signal in C. elegans. WORM 2014; 3:e959404. [PMID: 26430544 DOI: 10.4161/21624046.2014.959404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing list of examples where perturbed mitochondrial function is associated with increased longevity, yet the exact mechanisms have remained elusive. This phenomenon was first documented, and has been studied most extensively, in C. elegans. One prominent model proposed that lifespan extension resulting from electron transport chain inhibition is due to induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. This model requires revision in light of recent data showing that the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, as defined by the field, is neither necessary nor sufficient for lifespan extension in C. elegans. Several additional factors have been proposed to underlie this lifespan extension, which is likely to be multifactorial and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Pathology; University of Washington ; Seattle, WA USA ; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Washington ; Seattle, WA USA
| | - Haeri Choi
- Department of Pathology; University of Washington ; Seattle, WA USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology; University of Washington ; Seattle, WA USA
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31
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Feedback regulation via AMPK and HIF-1 mediates ROS-dependent longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4458-67. [PMID: 25288734 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411199111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild inhibition of mitochondrial respiration extends the lifespan of many species. In Caenorhabditis elegans, reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote longevity by activating hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in response to reduced mitochondrial respiration. However, the physiological role and mechanism of ROS-induced longevity are poorly understood. Here, we show that a modest increase in ROS increases the immunity and lifespan of C. elegans through feedback regulation by HIF-1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We found that activation of AMPK as well as HIF-1 mediates the longevity response to ROS. We further showed that AMPK reduces internal levels of ROS, whereas HIF-1 amplifies the levels of internal ROS under conditions that increase ROS. Moreover, mitochondrial ROS increase resistance to various pathogenic bacteria, suggesting a possible association between immunity and long lifespan. Thus, AMPK and HIF-1 may control immunity and longevity tightly by acting as feedback regulators of ROS.
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32
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Effects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain on longevity in C. elegans. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:245-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Munkácsy E, Rea SL. The paradox of mitochondrial dysfunction and extended longevity. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:221-33. [PMID: 24699406 PMCID: PMC4104296 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play numerous, essential roles in the life of eukaryotes. Disruption of mitochondrial function in humans is often pathological or even lethal. Surprisingly, in some organisms mitochondrial dysfunction can result in life extension. This paradox has been studied most extensively in the long-lived Mit mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In this review, we explore the major responses that are activated following mitochondrial dysfunction in these animals and how these responses potentially act to extend their life. We focus our attention on five broad areas of current research--reactive oxygen species signaling, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, autophagy, metabolic adaptation, and the roles played by various transcription factors. Lastly, we also examine why disruption of complexes I and II differ in their ability to induce the Mit phenotype and extend lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Munkácsy
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA; Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Shane L Rea
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA.
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35
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Bennett CF, Wende HV, Simko M, Klum S, Barfield S, Choi H, Pineda VV, Kaeberlein M. Activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response does not predict longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3483. [PMID: 24662282 PMCID: PMC3984390 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have propagated the model that the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) is causal for lifespan extension from inhibition of the electron transport chain (ETC) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we report a genome-wide RNAi screen for negative regulators of the UPR(mt). Lifespan analysis of nineteen RNAi clones that induce the hsp-6p::gfp reporter demonstrate differential effects on longevity. Deletion of atfs-1, which is required for induction of the UPR(mt), fails to prevent lifespan extension from knockdown of two genes identified in our screen or following knockdown of the ETC gene cco-1. RNAi knockdown of atfs-1 also has no effect on lifespan extension caused by mutation of the ETC gene isp-1. Constitutive activation of the UPR(mt) by gain of function mutations in atfs-1 fails to extend lifespan. These observations identify several new factors that promote mitochondrial homoeostasis and demonstrate that the UPR(mt), as currently defined, is neither necessary nor sufficient for lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marissa Simko
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shannon Klum
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Barfield
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Haeri Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Victor V. Pineda
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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36
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Schiavi A, Ventura N. The interplay between mitochondria and autophagy and its role in the aging process. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:147-53. [PMID: 24607515 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which play a central role in cellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to life-threatening disorders and accelerates the aging process. Surprisingly, on the other hand, a mild reduction of mitochondria functionality can have pro-longevity effects in organisms spanning from yeast to mammals. Autophagy is a fundamental cellular housekeeping process that needs to be finely regulated for proper cell and organism survival, as underlined by the fact that both its over- and its defective activation have been associated with diseases and accelerated aging. A reciprocal interplay exists between mitochondria and autophagy, which is needed to constantly adjust cellular energy metabolism in different pathophysiological conditions. Here we review general features of mitochondrial function and autophagy with particular focus on their crosstalk and its possible implication in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Schiavi
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Baruah A, Chang H, Hall M, Yuan J, Gordon S, Johnson E, Shtessel LL, Yee C, Hekimi S, Derry WB, Lee SS. CEP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans p53 homolog, mediates opposing longevity outcomes in mitochondrial electron transport chain mutants. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004097. [PMID: 24586177 PMCID: PMC3937132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans CEP-1 and its mammalian homolog p53 are critical for responding to diverse stress signals. In this study, we found that cep-1 inactivation suppressed the prolonged lifespan of electron transport chain (ETC) mutants, such as isp-1 and nuo-6, but rescued the shortened lifespan of other ETC mutants, such as mev-1 and gas-1. We compared the CEP-1-regulated transcriptional profiles of the long-lived isp-1 and the short-lived mev-1 mutants and, to our surprise, found that CEP-1 regulated largely similar sets of target genes in the two mutants despite exerting opposing effects on their longevity. Further analyses identified a small subset of CEP-1-regulated genes that displayed distinct expression changes between the isp-1 and mev-1 mutants. Interestingly, this small group of differentially regulated genes are enriched for the "aging" Gene Ontology term, consistent with the hypothesis that they might be particularly important for mediating the distinct longevity effects of CEP-1 in isp-1 and mev-1 mutants. We further focused on one of these differentially regulated genes, ftn-1, which encodes ferritin in C. elegans, and demonstrated that it specifically contributed to the extended lifespan of isp-1 mutant worms but did not affect the mev-1 mutant lifespan. We propose that CEP-1 responds to different mitochondrial ETC stress by mounting distinct compensatory responses accordingly to modulate animal physiology and longevity. Our findings provide insights into how mammalian p53 might respond to distinct mitochondrial stressors to influence cellular and organismal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Baruah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Hsinwen Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mathew Hall
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah Gordon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Erik Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ludmila L. Shtessel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Callista Yee
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - W. Brent Derry
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siu Sylvia Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The mitochondrial unfolded protein response and increased longevity: cause, consequence, or correlation? Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:142-6. [PMID: 24518875 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response is a conserved pathway that allows mitochondrial chaperones and other factors to be induced in response to mitochondrial dysfunction. Activation of this pathway has been proposed to underlie lifespan extension from knockdown or mutation of several nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. In some cases, however, induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response is associated with a reduction of lifespan in both yeast and C. elegans. It also has yet to be demonstrated that induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response is sufficient to increase lifespan in the absence of overt mitochondrial dysfunction. In this perspective, we briefly review the evidence for and against a direct pro-longevity role of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and suggest important areas of investigation for experimentally addressing this question.
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Bennett C, Choi H, Kaeberlein M. Searching for the elusive mitochondrial longevity signal in C. elegans. WORM 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/worm.29868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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