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Lin F, Sun L, Zhang Y, Gao W, Chen Z, Liu Y, Tian K, Han X, Liu R, Li Y, Shen L. Mitochondrial stress response and myogenic differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1381417. [PMID: 38681520 PMCID: PMC11055459 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1381417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Regeneration and repair are prerequisites for maintaining effective function of skeletal muscle under high energy demands, and myogenic differentiation is one of the key steps in the regeneration and repair process. A striking feature of the process of myogenic differentiation is the alteration of mitochondria in number and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction can activate a number of transcriptional, translational and post-translational programmes and pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis under different types and degrees of stress, either through its own signaling or through constant signaling interactions with the nucleus and cytoplasm, a process known as the mitochondrial stress responses (MSRs). It is now believed that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with a variety of muscle diseases caused by reduced levels of myogenic differentiation, suggesting the possibility that MSRs are involved in messaging during myogenic differentiation. Also, MSRs may be involved in myogenesis by promoting bioenergetic remodeling and assisting myoblast survival during myogenic differentiation. In this review, we will take MSRs as an entry point to explore its concrete regulatory mechanisms during myogenic differentiation, with a perspective to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment and repair of related muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weinan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruize Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Chen TY, Wang F, Lee P, Hsu A, Ching T. Mitochondrial S-adenosylmethionine deficiency induces mitochondrial unfolded protein response and extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14103. [PMID: 38361361 PMCID: PMC11019128 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), generated from methionine and ATP by S-adenosyl methionine synthetase (SAMS), is the universal methyl group donor required for numerous cellular methylation reactions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, silencing sams-1, the major isoform of SAMS, genetically or via dietary restriction induces a robust mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and lifespan extension. In this study, we found that depleting SAMS-1 markedly decreases mitochondrial SAM levels. Moreover, RNAi knockdown of SLC-25A26, a carrier protein responsible for transporting SAM from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria, significantly lowers the mitochondrial SAM levels and activates UPRmt, suggesting that the UPRmt induced by sams-1 mutations might result from disrupted mitochondrial SAM homeostasis. Through a genetic screen, we then identified a putative mitochondrial tRNA methyltransferase TRMT-10C.2 as a major downstream effector of SAMS-1 to regulate UPRmt and longevity. As disruption of mitochondrial tRNA methylation likely leads to impaired mitochondrial tRNA maturation and consequently reduced mitochondrial translation, our findings suggest that depleting mitochondrial SAM level might trigger UPRmt via attenuating protein translation in the mitochondria. Together, this study has revealed a potential mechanism by which SAMS-1 regulates UPRmt and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse Yu Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Feng‐Yung Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pin‐Jung Lee
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ao‐Lin Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Biological Science & Technology and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Tsui‐Ting Ching
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Michaeli L, Spector E, Haeussler S, Carvalho CA, Grobe H, Abu-Shach UB, Zinger H, Conradt B, Broday L. ULP-2 SUMO protease regulates UPR mt and mitochondrial homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:19-27. [PMID: 38301974 PMCID: PMC10929073 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells, responsible for energy production and regulation of cellular homeostasis. When mitochondrial function is impaired, a stress response termed mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is initiated to restore mitochondrial function. Since mitochondria and UPRmt are implicated in many diseases, it is important to understand UPRmt regulation. In this study, we show that the SUMO protease ULP-2 has a key role in regulating mitochondrial function and UPRmt. Specifically, down-regulation of ulp-2 suppresses UPRmt and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential without significantly affecting cellular ROS. Mitochondrial networks are expanded in ulp-2 null mutants with larger mitochondrial area and increased branching. Moreover, the amount of mitochondrial DNA is increased in ulp-2 mutants. Downregulation of ULP-2 also leads to alterations in expression levels of mitochondrial genes involved in protein import and mtDNA replication, however, mitophagy remains unaltered. In summary, this study demonstrates that ULP-2 is required for mitochondrial homeostasis and the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirin Michaeli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Eyal Spector
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Simon Haeussler
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cátia A Carvalho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hanna Grobe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ulrike Bening Abu-Shach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hen Zinger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Barbara Conradt
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Limor Broday
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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Gao B, Wang Z, Dai K, Wang Y, Li L, Li G, Niu X, Li X, Yu Z, Wang Z, Chen G. Acetylation of mtHSP70 at Lys595/653 affecting its interaction between GrpEL1 regulates glioblastoma progression via UPRmt. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:394-408. [PMID: 38281626 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a vital biological process that regulates mitochondrial protein homeostasis and enables glioblastoma cells to cope with mitochondrial oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment. We previously reported that the binding of mitochondrial stress-70 protein (mtHSP70) to GrpE protein homolog 1 (GrpEL1) is involved in the regulation of the UPRmt. However, the mechanisms regulating their binding remain unclear. Herein, we examined the UPRmt in glioblastoma and explored whether modulating the interaction between mtHSP70 and GrpEL1 affects the UPRmt. METHODS Western blot analysis, aggresome staining, and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect the activation of the UPRmt and protein aggregates within mitochondria. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the impact of different mutations in mtHSP70 on its binding to GrpEL1. Endogenous site-specific mutations were introduced into mtHSP70 in glioblastoma cells using CRISPR/Cas9. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess mitochondrial function and glioblastoma progression. RESULTS The UPRmt was activated in glioblastoma cells in response to oxidative stress. mtHSP70 regulated mitochondrial protein homeostasis by facilitating UPRmt-progress protein import into the mitochondria. Acetylation of mtHSP70 at Lys595/653 enhanced its binding to GrpEL1. Missense mutations at Lys595/653 increased mitochondrial protein aggregates and inhibited glioblastoma progression in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We identified an innovative mechanism in glioblastoma progression by which acetylation of mtHSP70 at Lys595/653 influences its interaction with GrpEL1 to regulate the UPRmt. Mutations at Lys595/653 in mtHSP70 could potentially serve as therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Kun Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yunjiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Longyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Guangzhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiaowang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xinghua People's Hospital, Xinghua, 225700, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Onraet T, Zuryn S. C. elegans as a model to study mitochondrial biology and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:48-58. [PMID: 37149409 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform a myriad of essential functions that ensure organismal homeostasis, including maintaining bioenergetic capacity, sensing and signalling the presence of pathogenic threats, and determining cell fate. Their function is highly dependent on mitochondrial quality control and the appropriate regulation of mitochondrial size, shape, and distribution during an entire lifetime, as well as their inheritance across generations. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as an ideal model organism through which to study mitochondria. The remarkable conservation of mitochondrial biology has allowed C. elegans researchers to investigate complex processes that are challenging to study in higher organisms. In this review, we explore the key recent contributions of C. elegans to mitochondrial biology through the lens of mitochondrial dynamics, organellar removal, and mitochondrial inheritance, as well as their involvement in immune responses, various types of stress, and transgenerational signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Onraet
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Steven Zuryn
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Li X, Zhu Y, Ruiz-Lozano P, Wei K. Mitochondrial-to-nuclear communications through multiple routes regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. Cell Regen 2024; 13:2. [PMID: 38291287 PMCID: PMC10828256 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-024-00186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart remains a formidable challenge in biological research. Despite extensive investigations into the loss of regenerative potential during evolution and development, unlocking the mechanisms governing cardiomyocyte proliferation remains elusive. Two recent groundbreaking studies have provided fresh perspectives on mitochondrial-to-nuclear communication, shedding light on novel factors that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. The studies identified two mitochondrial processes, fatty acid oxidation and protein translation, as key players in restricting cardiomyocyte proliferation. Inhibition of these processes led to increased cell cycle activity in cardiomyocytes, mediated by reduction in H3k4me3 levels through accumulated α-ketoglutarate (αKG), and activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), respectively. In this research highlight, we discuss the novel insights into mitochondrial-to-nuclear communication presented in these studies, the broad implications in cardiomyocyte biology and cardiovascular diseases, as well as the intriguing scientific questions inspired by the studies that may facilitate future investigations into the detailed molecular mechanisms of cardiomyocyte metabolism, proliferation, and mitochondrial-to-nuclear communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhang Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Zhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Pilar Ruiz-Lozano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Regencor Inc., 733 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA.
| | - Ke Wei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China.
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Svagusa T, Sikiric S, Milavic M, Sepac A, Seiwerth S, Milicic D, Gasparovic H, Biocina B, Rudez I, Sutlic Z, Manola S, Varvodic J, Udovicic M, Urlic M, Ivankovic S, Plestina S, Paic F, Kulic A, Bakovic P, Sedlic F. Heart failure in patients is associated with downregulation of mitochondrial quality control genes. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14054. [PMID: 37403271 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of key factors causing heart failure. We performed a comprehensive analysis of expression of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) genes in heart failure. METHODS Myocardial samples were obtained from patients with ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy in a terminal stage of heart failure and donors without heart disease. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we analysed a total of 45 MQC genes belonging to mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion-fission balance, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) and mitophagy. Protein expression was analysed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The following genes were downregulated in ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy: COX1, NRF1, TFAM, SIRT1, MTOR, MFF, DNM1L, DDIT3, UBL5, HSPA9, HSPE1, YME1L, LONP1, SPG7, HTRA2, OMA1, TIMM23, TIMM17A, TIMM17B, TIMM44, PAM16, TIMM22, TIMM9, TIMM10, PINK1, PARK2, ROTH1, PARL, FUNDC1, BNIP3, BNIP3L, TPCN2, LAMP2, MAP1LC3A and BECN1. Moreover, MT-ATP8, MFN2, EIF2AK4 and ULK1 were downregulated in heart failure from dilated, but not ischemic cardiomyopathy. VDAC1 and JUN were only genes that exhibited significantly different expression between ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy. Expression of PPARGC1, OPA1, JUN, CEBPB, EIF2A, HSPD1, TIMM50 and TPCN1 was not significantly different between control and any form of heart failure. TOMM20 and COX proteins were downregulated in ICM and DCM. CONCLUSIONS Heart failure in patients with ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with downregulation of large number of UPRmt, mitophagy, TIM and fusion-fission balance genes. This indicates multiple defects in MQC and represents one of potential mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Svagusa
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dubrava Clinical Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Milavic
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Sepac
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D Milicic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - H Gasparovic
- Department of Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Biocina
- Department of Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Rudez
- Department of Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Cardiac and Transplant Surgery, Dubrava Clinical Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Z Sutlic
- Department of Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Cardiac and Transplant Surgery, Dubrava Clinical Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Manola
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dubrava Clinical Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Varvodic
- Department of Cardiac and Transplant Surgery, Dubrava Clinical Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Udovicic
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dubrava Clinical Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Urlic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Ivankovic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | - S Plestina
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - F Paic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Kulic
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P Bakovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - F Sedlic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Xiaowei X, Qian X, Dingzhou Z. Sirtuin-3 activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and reduces cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4327-4339. [PMID: 37705748 PMCID: PMC10496505 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) deacetylates several mitochondrial proteins implicated into cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) favors mitochondrial proteostasis during various stressors. Here, we used Sirt3 transgenic mice and a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model to evaluate the molecular basis of Sirt3 on the UPRmt during brain post-ischemic dysfunction. The present study illustrated that Sirt3 abundance was suppressed in the brain after brain ischemic abnormalities. Overexpression of Sirt3 in vivo suppressed the infarction size and attenuated neuroinflammation after brain I/R injury. Sirt3 overexpression restored neural viability by reducing mitochondrial ROS synthesis, maintaining the mitochondrial potential and improving mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthesis. Sirt3 overexpression protected neuronal mitochondria against brain post-ischemic malfunction via eliciting the UPRmt by the forkhead box O3 (Foxo3)/sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) pathway. Inhibiting either the UPRmt or the Foxo3/Sphk1 pathway relieved the favorable influence of Sirt3 on neural function and mitochondrial behavior. In contrast, Sphk1 overexpression was sufficient to reduce the infarction size, attenuate neuroinflammation, sustain neuronal viability and prevent mitochondrial abnormalities during brain post-ischemia dysfunction. Thus, the UPRmt protects neural viability and mitochondrial homeostasis, and the Sirt3/Foxo3/Sphk1 pathway is a promosing therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Xiaowei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People' s Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Neurology, Haikou City People' s Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Dingzhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People' s Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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Kumar M, Sharma S, Mazumder S. Role of UPR mt and mitochondrial dynamics in host immunity: it takes two to tango. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1135203. [PMID: 37260703 PMCID: PMC10227438 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1135203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of a host contains a group of heterogeneous cells with the prime aim of restraining pathogenic infection and maintaining homeostasis. Recent reports have proved that the various subtypes of immune cells exploit distinct metabolic programs for their functioning. Mitochondria are central signaling organelles regulating a range of cellular activities including metabolic reprogramming and immune homeostasis which eventually decree the immunological fate of the host under pathogenic stress. Emerging evidence suggests that following bacterial infection, innate immune cells undergo profound metabolic switching to restrain and countervail the bacterial pathogens, promote inflammation and restore tissue homeostasis. On the other hand, bacterial pathogens affect mitochondrial structure and functions to evade host immunity and influence their intracellular survival. Mitochondria employ several mechanisms to overcome bacterial stress of which mitochondrial UPR (UPRmt) and mitochondrial dynamics are critical. This review discusses the latest advances in our understanding of the immune functions of mitochondria against bacterial infection, particularly the mechanisms of mitochondrial UPRmt and mitochondrial dynamics and their involvement in host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shagun Sharma
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Delhi, India
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10
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Khalimonchuk O, Becker DF. Molecular Determinants of Mitochondrial Shape and Function and Their Role in Glaucoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:896-919. [PMID: 36301938 PMCID: PMC10171965 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cells depend on well-functioning mitochondria for essential processes such as energy production, redox signaling, coordination of metabolic pathways, and cofactor biosynthesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic decline, and protein stress have been implicated in the etiology of multiple late-onset diseases, including various ataxias, diabetes, sarcopenia, neuromuscular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases such as parkinsonism, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and glaucoma. Recent Advances: New evidence supports that increased energy metabolism protects neuron function during aging. Key energy metabolic enzymes, however, are susceptible to oxidative damage making it imperative that the mitochondrial proteome is protected. More than 40 different enzymes have been identified as important factors for guarding mitochondrial health and maintaining a dynamic pool of mitochondria. Critical Issues: Understanding shared mechanisms of age-related disorders of neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease is important for developing new therapies. Functional mitochondrial shape and dynamics rely on complex interactions between mitochondrial proteases and membrane proteins. Identifying the sequence of molecular events that lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic stress is a major challenge. Future Directions: A critical need exists for new strategies that reduce mitochondrial protein stress and promote mitochondrial dynamics in age-related neurological disorders. Discovering how mitochondria-associated degradation is related to proteostatic mechanisms in mitochondrial compartments may reveal new opportunities for therapeutic interventions. Also, little is known about how protein and membrane contacts in the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane are regulated, even though they are pivotal for mitochondrial architecture. Future work will need to delineate the molecular details of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Donald F. Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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11
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang S, Liu J, Li X, Yang K, Yang D, Liu Y, Sun L, Liu F, Xiao L. ATF5 regulates tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease via mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Mol Med 2023; 29:57. [PMID: 37095454 PMCID: PMC10127323 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) plays a critical role in the progression of tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is an important MQC process, is activated to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis in response to mitochondrial stress. Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is critical in the mammalian UPRmt via mitochondria-nuclear translocation. However, the role of ATF5 and UPRmt in tubular injury under DKD conditions is unknown. METHODS ATF5 and UPRmt-related proteins including heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and Lon peptidase 1 (LONP1), in DKD patients and db/db mice were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. Eight-week-old db/db mice were injected with ATF5-shRNA lentiviruses via the tail vein, and a negative lentivirus was used as a control. The mice were euthanized at 12 weeks, and dihydroethidium (DHE) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in kidney sections, respectively. In vitro, ATF5-siRNA, ATF5 overexpression plasmids or HSP60-siRNA were transfected into HK-2 cells to evaluate the effect of ATF5 and HSP60 on tubular injury under ambient hyperglycemic conditions. Mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) staining was used to gauge mitochondrial oxidative stress levels, and the early stage of cell apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC kits. RESULTS Increased ATF5, HSP60 and LONP1 expression was observed in the kidney tissue of DKD patients and db/db mice and was tightly correlated with tubular damage. The inhibition of HSP60 and LONP1, improvements in serum creatinine, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and apoptosis were observed in db/db mice treated with lentiviruses carrying ATF5 shRNA. In vitro, the expression of ATF5 was increased in HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose (HG) in a time-dependent manner, which was accompanied by the overexpression of HSP60, fibronectin (FN) and cleaved-caspase3 (C-CAS3). ATF5-siRNA transfection inhibited the expression of HSP60 and LONP1, which was accompanied by reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HK-2 cells exposed to sustained exogenous high glucose. ATF5 overexpression exacerbated these impairments. HSP60-siRNA transfection blocked the effect of ATF5 on HK-2 cells exposed to continuous HG treatment. Interestingly, ATF5 inhibition exacerbated mitochondrial ROS levels and apoptosis in HK-2 cells in the early period of HG intervention (6 h). CONCLUSIONS ATF5 could exert a protective effect in a very early stage but promoted tubulointerstitial injury by regulating HSP60 and the UPRmt pathway under DKD conditions, providing a potential target for the prevention of DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danyi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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12
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Wang Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Wang R, Bo H, Zhang Y. Exercise Improves the Coordination of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response and Mitophagy in Aging Skeletal Muscle. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041006. [PMID: 37109535 PMCID: PMC10142204 DOI: 10.3390/life13041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and mitophagy are two mitochondrial quality control (MQC) systems that work at the molecular and organelle levels, respectively, to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Under stress conditions, these two processes are simultaneously activated and compensate for each other when one process is insufficient, indicating mechanistic coordination between the UPRmt and mitophagy that is likely controlled by common upstream signals. This review focuses on the molecular signals regulating this coordination and presents evidence showing that this coordination mechanism is impaired during aging and promoted by exercise. Furthermore, the bidirectional regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AMPK in modulating this mechanism is discussed. The hierarchical surveillance network of MQC can be targeted by exercise-derived ROS to attenuate aging, which offers a molecular basis for potential therapeutic interventions for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Physical Education, Guangdong Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Runzi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hai Bo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
- Department of Military Training Medicines, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
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13
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Li C, Li N, Zhang Z, Song Y, Li J, Wang Z, Bo H, Zhang Y. The specific mitochondrial unfolded protein response in fast- and slow-twitch muscles of high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1127524. [PMID: 37008907 PMCID: PMC10061072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1127524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue composed of different muscle fiber types that contribute distinctly to IR development. Glucose transport shows more protection in slow-twitch muscles than in fast-twitch muscles during IR development, while the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the distinct resistance of two types of muscle in IR. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and control groups. We measured glucose transport, mitochondrial respiration, UPRmt and histone methylation modification of UPRmt-related proteins to examine the UPRmt in the slow fiber-enriched soleus (Sol) and fast fiber-enriched tibialis anterior (TA) under HFD conditions. RESULTS Our results indicate that 18 weeks of HFD can cause systemic IR, while the disturbance of Glut4-dependent glucose transport only occurred in fast-twitch muscle. The expression levels of UPRmt markers, including ATF5, HSP60 and ClpP, and the UPRmt-related mitokine MOTS-c were significantly higher in slow-twitch muscle than in fast-twitch muscle under HFD conditions. Mitochondrial respiratory function is maintained only in slow-twitch muscle. Additionally, in the Sol, histone methylation at the ATF5 promoter region was significantly higher than that in the TA after HFD feeding. CONCLUSION The expression of proteins involved in glucose transport in slow-twitch muscle remains almost unaltered after HFD intervention, whereas a significant decline of these proteins was observed in fast-twitch muscle. Specific activation of the UPRmt in slow-twitch muscle, accompanied by higher mitochondrial respiratory function and MOTS-c expression, may contribute to the higher resistance to HFD in slow-twitch muscle. Notably, the different histone modifications of UPRmt regulators may underlie the specific activation of the UPRmt in different muscle types. However, future work applying genetic or pharmacological approaches should further uncover the relationship between the UPRmt and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai Bo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- Department of Military Training Medicines, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hai Bo, ; Yong Zhang,
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, School of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hai Bo, ; Yong Zhang,
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14
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Uma Naresh N, Kim S, Shpilka T, Yang Q, Du Y, Haynes CM. Mitochondrial genome recovery by ATFS-1 is essential for development after starvation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111875. [PMID: 36577367 PMCID: PMC9922093 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability regulates the C. elegans life cycle as well as mitochondrial physiology. Food deprivation significantly reduces mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) numbers and leads to aging-related phenotypes. Here we show that the bZIP (basic leucine zipper) protein ATFS-1, a mediator of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), is required to promote growth and establish a functional germline after prolonged starvation. We find that recovery of mtDNA copy numbers and development after starvation requires mitochondrion-localized ATFS-1 but not its nuclear transcription activity. We also find that the insulin-like receptor DAF-2 functions upstream of ATFS-1 to modulate mtDNA content. We show that reducing DAF-2 activity represses ATFS-1 nuclear function while causing an increase in mtDNA content, partly mediated by mitochondrion-localized ATFS-1. Our data indicate the importance of the UPRmt in recovering mitochondrial mass and suggest that atfs-1-dependent mtDNA replication precedes mitochondrial network expansion after starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhitha Uma Naresh
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sookyung Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tomer Shpilka
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yunguang Du
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Cole M Haynes
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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15
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Haynes CM, Hekimi S. Mitochondrial dysfunction, aging, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2022; 222:iyac160. [PMID: 36342845 PMCID: PMC9713405 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the findings that establish that perturbations of various aspects of mitochondrial function, including oxidative phosphorylation, can promote lifespan extension, with different types of perturbations acting sometimes independently and additively on extending lifespan. We also review the great variety of processes and mechanisms that together form the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. We then explore the relationships between different types of mitochondrial dysfunction-dependent lifespan extension and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. We conclude that, although several ways that induce extended lifespan through mitochondrial dysfunction require a functional mitochondrial unfolded protein response, there is no clear indication that activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response is sufficient to extend lifespan, despite the fact that the mitochondrial unfolded protein response impacts almost every aspect of mitochondrial function. In fact, in some contexts, mitochondrial unfolded protein response activation is deleterious. To explain this pattern, we hypothesize that, although triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction, the lifespan extension observed might not be the result of a change in mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole M Haynes
- Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass-Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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16
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Yerevanian A, Murphy LM, Emans S, Zhou Y, Ahsan FM, Baker D, Li S, Adedoja A, Cedillo L, Stuhr NL, Gnanatheepam E, Dao K, Jain M, Curran SP, Georgakoudi I, Soukas AA. Riboflavin depletion promotes longevity and metabolic hormesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13718. [PMID: 36181246 PMCID: PMC9649603 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin is an essential cofactor in many enzymatic processes and in the production of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Here, we report that the partial depletion of riboflavin through knockdown of the C. elegans riboflavin transporter 1 (rft-1) promotes metabolic health by reducing intracellular flavin concentrations. Knockdown of rft-1 significantly increases lifespan in a manner dependent upon AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/aak-2, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and FOXO/daf-16. Riboflavin depletion promotes altered energetic and redox states and increases adiposity, independent of lifespan genetic dependencies. Riboflavin-depleted animals also exhibit the activation of caloric restriction reporters without any reduction in caloric intake. Our findings indicate that riboflavin depletion activates an integrated hormetic response that promotes lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Yerevanian
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Luke M. Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sinclair Emans
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Fasih M. Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Daniel Baker
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Adebanjo Adedoja
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lucydalila Cedillo
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nicole L. Stuhr
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Einstein Gnanatheepam
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University School of EngineeringMedfordMassachusettsUSA
| | - Khoi Dao
- Department of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sean P. Curran
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University School of EngineeringMedfordMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alexander A. Soukas
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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17
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Liu S, Liu S, Jiang H. Multifaceted roles of mitochondrial stress responses under ETC dysfunction - repair, destruction and pathogenesis. FEBS J 2022; 289:6994-7013. [PMID: 34918460 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport chain (ETC) dysfunction is a common feature of mitochondrial diseases and induces severe cellular stresses, including mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm ) reduction, mitochondrial matrix acidification, metabolic derangements and proteostatic stresses. Extensive studies of ETC dysfunction in yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, cultured cells and mouse models have revealed multiple mitochondrial stress response pathways. Here, we summarise the current understanding of the triggers, sensors, signalling mechanisms and the functional outcomes of mitochondrial stress responses in different species. We highlight Δψm reduction as a major trigger of stress responses in different species, but the responses are species-specific and the outcomes are context-dependent. ETC dysfunction elicits a mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt ) to repair damaged mitochondria in C. elegans, and activates a global adaptive programme to maintain Δψm in yeast. Yeast and C. elegans responses are remarkably similar at the downstream responses, although they are activated by different signalling mechanisms. UPRmt generally protects ETC-defective worms, but its constitutive activation is toxic for wildtype worms and worms carrying mutant mtDNA. In contrast to lower organisms, ETC dysfunction in mammals mainly activates a mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISRmt ) to reprogramme metabolism and a PINK1-Parkin mitophagy pathway to degrade damaged mitochondria. Accumulating in vivo results suggest that the ATF4 branch of ISRmt exacerbates metabolic derangements to accelerate mitochondrial disease progression. The in vivo roles of mitophagy in mitochondrial diseases are also context-dependent. These results thus reveal the common and unique aspects of mitochondrial stress responses in different species and highlight their multifaceted roles in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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18
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Mahmud SA, Qureshi MA, Pellegrino MW. On the offense and defense: mitochondrial recovery programs amidst targeted pathogenic assault. FEBS J 2022; 289:7014-7037. [PMID: 34270874 PMCID: PMC9192128 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens employ a variety of tactics to persist in their host and promote infection. Pathogens often target host organelles in order to benefit their survival, either through manipulation or subversion of their function. Mitochondria are regularly targeted by bacterial pathogens owing to their diverse cellular roles, including energy production and regulation of programmed cell death. However, disruption of normal mitochondrial function during infection can be detrimental to cell viability because of their essential nature. In response, cells use multiple quality control programs to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction and promote recovery. In this review, we will provide an overview of mitochondrial recovery programs including mitochondrial dynamics, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt ), and mitophagy. We will then discuss the various approaches used by bacterial pathogens to target mitochondria, which result in mitochondrial dysfunction. Lastly, we will discuss how cells leverage mitochondrial recovery programs beyond their role in organelle repair, to promote host defense against pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraje A Mahmud
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, TX, USA
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19
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Zhang K, Dong W, Li J, Gong Z, Liu W, He S, Zou H, Song R, Liu G, Liu Z. Honokiol Antagonizes Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Quail by Alleviating Autophagy Dysfunction, Apoptosis and Mitochondrial UPR Inhibition with Its Antioxidant Properties. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1574. [PMID: 36295008 DOI: 10.3390/life12101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Japanese quail is a highly economically valuable bird due to its commercial production for meat and eggs. Although studies have reported Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous heavy metal that can cause injury to various organs, the molecular mechanisms of Cd on quail kidney injury remain largely unknown. It has been reported that Honokiol (HKL), a highly functional antioxidant, can protect cells against oxidative stress effectively. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cd on quail kidneys injury and the protective effect of HKL on Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 40 Japanese quails were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, Cd treatment group, Co-treatment group and HKL treatment group. The results showed that Cd resulted in significant changes in growth performance, kidney histopathology and kidney biochemical status, antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress parameters, and ultrastructure of renal tubular epithelial cells, compared with controls. Cd increased the expression of autophagy-related and apoptosis-related genes, but decreased expression of lysosomal function-related and UPRmt-related genes. The co-treatment group ameliorated Cd-induced nephrotoxicity by alleviating oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, repairing autophagy dysfunction and UPRmt disorder. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of HKL showed beneficial effects on Japanese quail kidney injury caused by Cd.
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20
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Bartoszewska S, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. The Role of the Hypoxia-Related Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4870. [PMID: 36230792 PMCID: PMC9562011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite our understanding of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, the crosstalk between the UPR and the complex signaling networks that different cancers utilize for cell survival remains to be, in most cases, a difficult research barrier. A major problem is the constant variability of different cancer types and the different stages of cancer as well as the complexity of the tumor microenvironments (TME). This complexity often leads to apparently contradictory results. Furthermore, the majority of the studies that have been conducted have utilized two-dimensional in vitro cultures of cancer cells that were exposed to continuous hypoxia, and this approach may not mimic the dynamic and cyclic conditions that are found in solid tumors. Here, we discuss the role of intermittent hypoxia, one of inducers of the UPR in the cellular component of TME, and the way in which intermittent hypoxia induces high levels of reactive oxygen species, the activation of the UPR, and the way in which cancer cells modulate the UPR to aid in their survival. Although the past decade has resulted in defining the complex, novel non-coding RNA-based regulatory networks that modulate the means by which hypoxia influences the UPR, we are now just to beginning to understand some of the connections between hypoxia, the UPR, and the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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21
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Suárez-Rivero JM, Pastor-Maldonado CJ, Povea-Cabello S, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Villalón-García I, Talaverón-Rey M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Munuera-Cabeza M, Reche-López D, Cilleros-Holgado P, Piñero-Perez R, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. UPR mt activation improves pathological alterations in cellular models of mitochondrial diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:204. [PMID: 35581596 PMCID: PMC9115953 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial diseases represent one of the most common groups of genetic diseases. With a prevalence greater than 1 in 5000 adults, such diseases still lack effective treatment. Current therapies are purely palliative and, in most cases, insufficient. Novel approaches to compensate and, if possible, revert mitochondrial dysfunction must be developed. Results In this study, we tackled the issue using as a model fibroblasts from a patient bearing a mutation in the GFM1 gene, which is involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Mutant GFM1 fibroblasts could not survive in galactose restrictive medium for more than 3 days, making them the perfect screening platform to test several compounds. Tetracycline enabled mutant GFM1 fibroblasts survival under nutritional stress. Here we demonstrate that tetracycline upregulates the mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPRmt), a compensatory pathway regulating mitochondrial proteostasis. We additionally report that activation of UPRmt improves mutant GFM1 cellular bioenergetics and partially restores mitochondrial protein expression. Conclusions Overall, we provide compelling evidence to propose the activation of intrinsic cellular compensatory mechanisms as promising therapeutic strategy for mitochondrial diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02331-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen J Pastor-Maldonado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Villalón-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Piñero-Perez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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22
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Song YF, Zheng H, Luo Z, Hogstrand C, Bai ZY, Wei XL. Dietary Choline Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Lipid Dysregulation via UPRmt Modulated by SIRT3-Mediated mtHSP70 Deacetylation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4204. [PMID: 35457022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is known as a conservative mechanism in response to mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, based on UPRmt, this study was conducted to determine the mechanism of a high-fat diet (HFD) inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in stimulating hepatic lipid dysregulation. The choline-activated alleviating effect was also evaluated. In vivo, yellow catfish were fed three diets (control, HFD, and HFD + choline diet) for 10 weeks. In vitro, hepatocytes isolated from yellow catfish and the HepG2 cell line were cultured and incubated with fatty acid (FA) for 48 h. (1) HFD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT3/mtHSP70-mediated UPRmt. HFD inhibited the subcellular localization of SIRT3 into the mitochondrion, resulting in the up-regulating of mtHSP70 acetylation via lysine residues 493 and 507. The mtHSP70 acetylation promoted the stability of mtHSP70, which then led to the UPRmt and further mitochondrial dysfunction. (2) SIRT3/mtHSP70-mediated UPRmt regulated HFD/FA-induced hepatic lipid dysregulation. SIRT3/mtHSP70-mediated UPRmt reduced FA ß-oxidation via mitochondrial dysfunction and then led to lipid dysregulation. Additionally, the mtHSP70-ACOX1 interaction was confirmed. (3) Choline alleviated HFD-induced UPRmt via up-regulating the localization of SIRT3 into the mitochondrion, which in turn led to the subsequent ameliorating effect on HFD-induced hepatic lipid dysregulation. Through SIRT3-mediated mtHSP70 deacetylation, dietary choline alleviates HFD-induced hepatic lipid dysregulation via UPRmt. This provides the first proof of acetylation regulating UPRmt and the crosstalk between UPRmt and FA ß-oxidation.
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23
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Tian D, Han M. Bacterial peptidoglycan muropeptides benefit mitochondrial homeostasis and animal physiology by acting as ATP synthase agonists. Dev Cell 2022; 57:361-372.e5. [PMID: 35045336 PMCID: PMC8825754 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between commensal microbes and host animals predicts unidentified beneficial impacts of individual bacterial metabolites on animal physiology. Peptidoglycan fragments (muropeptides) from the bacterial cell wall are known for their roles in pathogenicity and for inducing host immune responses. However, the potential beneficial usage of muropeptides from commensal bacteria by the host needs exploration. We identified a striking role for muropeptides in supporting mitochondrial homeostasis, development, and behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans. We determined that the beneficial molecules are disaccharide muropeptides containing a short AA chain, and they enter intestinal-cell mitochondria to repress oxidative stress. Further analyses indicate that muropeptides execute this role by binding to and promoting the activity of ATP synthase. Therefore, given the exceptional structural conservation of ATP synthase, the role of muropeptides as a rare agonist of the ATP synthase presents a major conceptual modification regarding the impact of bacterial cell metabolites on animal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tian
- Department of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Min Han
- Department of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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24
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Nandi SS, Katsurada K, Mahata SK, Patel KP. Neurogenic Hypertension Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormality Leads to Cardiomyopathy: Contribution of UPR mt and Norepinephrine-miR- 18a-5p-HIF-1α Axis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718982. [PMID: 34912235 PMCID: PMC8667690 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Hypertension increases the risk of heart disease. Hallmark features of hypertensive heart disease is sympathoexcitation and cardiac mitochondrial abnormality. However, the molecular mechanisms for specifically neurally mediated mitochondrial abnormality and subsequent cardiac dysfunction are unclear. We hypothesized that enhanced sympatho-excitation to the heart elicits cardiac miR-18a-5p/HIF-1α and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) signaling that lead to mitochondrial abnormalities and consequent pathological cardiac remodeling. Methods and Results: Using a model of neurogenic hypertension (NG-HTN), induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of Ang II (NG-HTN; 20 ng/min, 14 days, 0.5 μl/h, or Saline; Control, 0.9%) through osmotic mini-pumps in Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g), we attempted to identify a link between sympathoexcitation (norepinephrine; NE), miRNA and HIF-1α signaling and UPRmt to produce mitochondrial abnormalities resulting in cardiomyopathy. Cardiac remodeling, mitochondrial abnormality, and miRNA/HIF-1α signaling were assessed using histology, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, Western blotting or RT-qPCR. NG-HTN demonstrated increased sympatho-excitation with concomitant reduction in UPRmt, miRNA-18a-5p and increased level of HIF-1α in the heart. Our in silico analysis indicated that miR-18a-5p targets HIF-1α. Direct effects of NE on miRNA/HIF-1α signaling and mitochondrial abnormality examined using H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes showed NE reduces miR-18a-5p but increases HIF-1α. Electron microscopy revealed cardiac mitochondrial abnormality in NG-HTN, linked with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and fibrosis. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response was decreased in NG-HTN indicating mitochondrial proteinopathy and proteotoxic stress, associated with increased mito-ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and oxidative phosphorylation. Further, there was reduced cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion, but increased mitochondrial fission, coupled with mitochondrial impaired TIM-TOM transport and UPRmt. Direct effects of NE on H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes also showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, increased mitochondrial ROS generation, and UPRmt corroborating the in vivo data. Conclusion: In conclusion, enhanced sympatho-excitation suppress miR-18a-5p/HIF-1α signaling and increased mitochondrial stress proteotoxicity, decreased UPRmt leading to decreased mitochondrial dynamics/OXPHOS/ΔΨm and ROS generation. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS induced mitochondrial transition pore opening activates pro-hypertrophy/fibrosis/inflammatory factors that induce pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis commonly observed in NG-HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam S. Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kenichi Katsurada
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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25
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Tharp KM, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Timblin GA, Ford B, Garzon-Coral C, Schneider C, Muncie JM, Stashko C, Daniele JR, Moore AS, Frankino PA, Homentcovschi S, Manoli SS, Shao H, Richards AL, Chen KH, Hoeve JT, Ku GM, Hellerstein M, Nomura DK, Saijo K, Gestwicki J, Dunn AR, Krogan NJ, Swaney DL, Dillin A, Weaver VM. Adhesion-mediated mechanosignaling forces mitohormesis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1322-1341.e13. [PMID: 34019840 PMCID: PMC8266765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria control eukaryotic cell fate by producing the energy needed to support life and the signals required to execute programed cell death. The biochemical milieu is known to affect mitochondrial function and contribute to the dysfunctional mitochondrial phenotypes implicated in cancer and the morbidities of aging. However, the physical characteristics of the extracellular matrix are also altered in cancerous and aging tissues. Here, we demonstrate that cells sense the physical properties of the extracellular matrix and activate a mitochondrial stress response that adaptively tunes mitochondrial function via solute carrier family 9 member A1-dependent ion exchange and heat shock factor 1-dependent transcription. Overall, our data indicate that adhesion-mediated mechanosignaling may play an unappreciated role in the altered mitochondrial functions observed in aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tharp
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Greg A Timblin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Breanna Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carlos Garzon-Coral
- Chemical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine Schneider
- Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathon M Muncie
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Connor Stashko
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joseph R Daniele
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, South Campus Research, Houston, CA 77054, USA
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Phillip A Frankino
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Stefan Homentcovschi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Sagar S Manoli
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alicia L Richards
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kuei-Ho Chen
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Johanna Ten Hoeve
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gregory M Ku
- Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karou Saijo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jason Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Radiation Oncology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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26
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Shen Z, Liu P, Sun Q, Li Y, Acharya R, Li X, Sun C. FTO inhibits UPR mt-induced apoptosis by activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway and reducing m6A level in adipocytes. Apoptosis 2021; 26:474-487. [PMID: 34212271 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a nucleic acid demethylase, Fat and obesity associated gene (FTO) plays a vital role in modulating adipose metabolism. However, it is still unknown how FTO affects apoptosis in adipocytes. In this study, we found that overexpression of FTO inhibited the expression of pro-apoptosis factors Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) markers HSP60 and ClpP in vivo and in vitro. Particularly, overexpression of FTO inhibited mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in adipocytes. Further studies revealed that FTO suppressed UPRmt by reducing HSP60 mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Moreover, FTO inhibited the activation of Caspase-3 via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in adipocytes. Further experiments showed that pro-apoptosis gene Bax was upregulated by UPRmt-activated PKR/eIF2α/ATF5 axis in adipocytes. In summary, this study confirms that FTO reduces adipocytes apoptosis by activiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibiting UPRmt, revealing a novel mechanism of FTO on adipocytes apoptosis, which provides some new potential therapy for treating obesity and related metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentong Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yizhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Rabin Acharya
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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27
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Cruz‐Ruiz P, Hernando‐Rodríguez B, Pérez‐Jiménez MM, Rodríguez‐Palero MJ, Martínez‐Bueno MD, Pla A, Gatsi R, Artal‐Sanz M. Prohibitin depletion extends lifespan of a TORC2/SGK-1 mutant through autophagy and the mitochondrial UPR. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13359. [PMID: 33939875 PMCID: PMC8135086 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial prohibitins (PHB) are highly conserved proteins with a peculiar effect on lifespan. While PHB depletion shortens lifespan of wild‐type animals, it enhances longevity of a plethora of metabolically compromised mutants, including target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) mutants sgk‐1 and rict‐1. Here, we show that sgk‐1 mutants have impaired mitochondrial homeostasis, lipogenesis and yolk formation, plausibly due to alterations in membrane lipid and sterol homeostasis. Remarkably, all these features are suppressed by PHB depletion. Our analysis shows the requirement of SRBP1/SBP‐1 for the lifespan extension of sgk‐1 mutants and the further extension conferred by PHB depletion. Moreover, although the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and autophagy are induced in sgk‐1 mutants and upon PHB depletion, they are dispensable for lifespan. However, the enhanced longevity caused by PHB depletion in sgk‐1 mutants requires both, the UPRmt and autophagy, but not mitophagy. We hypothesize that UPRmt induction upon PHB depletion extends lifespan of sgk‐1 mutants through autophagy and probably modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cruz‐Ruiz
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
| | - Blanca Hernando‐Rodríguez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
| | - Mercedes M. Pérez‐Jiménez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez‐Palero
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
| | - Manuel D. Martínez‐Bueno
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
| | - Antoni Pla
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
| | - Roxani Gatsi
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
| | - Marta Artal‐Sanz
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville Spain
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28
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Zhao Z, Hou Y, Zhou W, Keerthiga R, Fu A. Mitochondrial transplantation therapy inhibit carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury through scavenging free radicals and protecting hepatocytes. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10209. [PMID: 34027095 PMCID: PMC8126821 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury is predominantly caused by free radicals, in which mitochondrial function of hepatocytes is impaired, accompanying with the production of ROS and decreased ATP energy supply in animals intoxicated with CCl4. Here we explored a novel therapeutic approach, mitochondrial transplantation therapy, for treating the liver injury. The results showed that mitochondria entered hepatocytes through macropinocytosis pathway, and thereby cell viability was recovered in a concentration-dependent manner. Mitochondrial therapy could increase ATP supply and reduce free radical damage. In liver injury model of mice, mitochondrial therapy significantly improved liver function and prevented tissue fibrogenesis. Transcriptomic data revealed that mitochondrial unfold protein response (UPRmt), a protective transcriptional response of mitochondria-to-nuclear retrograde signaling, would be triggered after mitochondrial administration. Then the anti-oxidant genes were up-regulated to scavenge free radicals. The mitochondrial function was rehabilitated through the transcriptional activation of respiratory chain enzyme and mitophage-associated genes. The protective response re-balanced the cellular homeostasis, and eventually enhanced stress resistance that is linked to cell survival. The efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation therapy in the animals would suggest a novel approach for treating liver injury caused by toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yixue Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | | | - Ailing Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
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Abstract
Cells use mitophagy to remove dysfunctional or excess mitochondria, frequently in response to imposed stresses, such as hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Mitochondrial cargo receptors (MCR) induced by these stresses target mitochondria to autophagosomes through interaction with members of the LC3/GABARAP family. There are a growing number of these MCRs, including BNIP3, BNIP3L, FUNDC1, Bcl2-L-13, FKBP8, Prohibitin-2, and others, in addition to mitochondrial protein targets of PINK1/Parkin phospho-ubiquitination. There is also an emerging link between mitochondrial lipid signaling and mitophagy where ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and cardiolipin have all been shown to promote mitophagy. Here, we review the upstream signaling mechanisms that regulate mitophagy, including components of the mitochondrial fission machinery, AMPK, ATF4, FoxOs, Sirtuins, and mtDNA release, and address the significance of these pathways for stress responses in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In particular, we focus on how mitophagy modulators intersect with cell cycle control and survival pathways in cancer, including following ECM detachment and during cell migration and metastasis. Finally, we interrogate how mitophagy affects tissue atrophy during cancer cachexia and therapy responses in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan P Poole
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles central to myriad cellular processes. To maintain mitochondrial health, various processes co-operate at both the molecular and organelle level. At the molecular level, mitochondria can sense imbalances in their homeostasis and adapt to these by signaling to the nucleus. This mito-nuclear communication leads to the expression of nuclear stress response genes. Upon external stimuli, mitochondria can also alter their morphology accordingly, by inducing fission or fusion. In an extreme situation, mitochondria are degraded by mitophagy. Adequate function and regulation of these mitochondrial quality control pathways are crucial for cellular homeostasis. As we discuss, alterations in these processes have been linked to several pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that execute and coordinate various metabolic processes in the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction severely affects cell fitness and contributes to disease. Proper organellar function depends on the biogenesis and maintenance of mitochondria and its >1,000 proteins. As a result, the cell has evolved mechanisms to coordinate protein and organellar quality control, such as the turnover of proteins via mitochondria-associated degradation, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and mitoproteases, as well as the elimination of mitochondria through mitophagy. Specific quality control mechanisms are engaged depending upon the nature and severity of mitochondrial dysfunction, which can also feed back to elicit transcriptional or proteomic remodeling by the cell. Here, we will discuss the current understanding of how these different quality control mechanisms are integrated and overlap to maintain protein and organellar quality and how they may be relevant for cellular and organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Yoke Wui Ng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy Wai
- Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3691, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France.
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Cordeiro AV, Brícola RS, Braga RR, Lenhare L, Silva VRR, Anaruma CP, Katashima CK, Crisol BM, Simabuco FM, Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Moura LP, Pauli JR, Ropelle ER. Aerobic Exercise Training Induces the Mitonuclear Imbalance and UPRmt in the Skeletal Muscle of Aged Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:2258-2261. [PMID: 32173728 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of the mitochondrial functions is a hallmark of aging. During aging, there is a downregulation of two mechanisms strictly associated with mitochondrial integrity, including the mitonuclear imbalance (eg, imbalance in mitochondrial- versus nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins) and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Here, we evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise in the mitonuclear imbalance and UPRmt markers in the skeletal muscle of old mice. We combined the physiological tests, molecular and bioinformatic analyzes to evaluate the effects of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise training on mitonuclear imbalance and UPRmt markers in the skeletal muscle of young (2 months) and aged (24 months) C57BL/6J mice. Initially, we found that aging reduced several mitochondrial genes in the gastrocnemius muscle, and it was accompanied by the low levels of UPRmt markers, including Yme1l1 and Clpp mRNA. As expected, physical training improved the whole-body metabolism and physical performance of aged mice. The aerobic exercise increased key proteins involved in the mitochondrial biogenesis/functions (VDAC and SIRT1) along with mitochondrial-encoded genes (mtNd1, mtCytB, and mtD-Loop) in the skeletal muscle of old mice. Interestingly, aerobic exercise induced the mitonuclear imbalance, increasing MTCO1/ATP5a ratio and UPRmt markers in the skeletal muscle, including HSP60, Lonp1, and Yme1L1 protein levels in the gastrocnemius muscle of aged mice. These data demonstrate that aerobic exercise training induced mitonuclear imbalance and UPRmt in the skeletal muscle during aging. These phenomena could be involved in the improvement of the mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative capacity in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- André V Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Brícola
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Renata R Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Luciene Lenhare
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Vagner R R Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Chadi P Anaruma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Katashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Barbara M Crisol
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leandro P Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil.,CEPECE - Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,CEPECE - Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,CEPECE - Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Ito A, Zhao Q, Tanaka Y, Yasui M, Katayama R, Sun S, Tanimoto Y, Nishikawa Y, Kage-Nakadai E. Metolazone upregulates mitochondrial chaperones and extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biogerontology 2020; 22:119-131. [PMID: 33216250 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating studies have argued that the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a mitochondrial stress response that promotes longevity in model organisms. In the present study, we screened an off-patent drug library to identify compounds that activate UPRmt using a mitochondrial chaperone hsp-6::GFP reporter system in Caenorhabditis elegans. Metolazone, a diuretic primarily used to treat congestive heart failure and high blood pressure, was identified as a prominent hit as it upregulated hsp-6::GFP and not the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone hsp-4::GFP. Furthermore, metolazone specifically induced the expression of mitochondrial chaperones in the HeLa cell line. Metolazone also extended the lifespan of worms in a atfs-1 and ubl-5-dependent manner. Notably, metolazone failed to increase lifespan in worms with knocked-down nkcc-1. These results suggested that metolazone activates the UPRmt across species and prolongs the lifespan of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ito
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Department of Food and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Quichi Zhao
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Department of Food and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tanaka
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Department of Food and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masumi Yasui
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Department of Food and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Rina Katayama
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Department of Food and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Simo Sun
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Department of Food and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tanimoto
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Department of Food and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nishikawa
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Department of Food and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Eriko Kage-Nakadai
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Department of Food and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
- The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
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Tan B, Jaulin A, Bund C, Outilaft H, Wendling C, Chenard MP, Alpy F, Cicek AE, Namer IJ, Tomasetto C, Dali-Youcef N. Matrix Metalloproteinase-11 Promotes Early Mouse Mammary Gland Tumor Growth through Metabolic Reprogramming and Increased IGF1/AKT/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway, Enhanced ER Stress and Alteration in Mitochondrial UPR. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2357. [PMID: 32825455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11) is an extracellular proteolytic enzyme belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP11) family. These proteases are involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and activation of latent factors. MMP11 is a negative regulator of adipose tissue development and controls energy metabolism in vivo. In cancer, MMP11 expression is associated with poorer survival, and preclinical studies in mice showed that MMP11 accelerates tumor growth. How the metabolic role of MMP11 contributes to cancer development is poorly understood. To address this issue, we developed a series of preclinical mouse mammary gland tumor models by genetic engineering. Tumor growth was studied in mice either deficient (Loss of Function-LOF) or overexpressing MMP11 (Gain of Function-GOF) crossed with a transgenic model of breast cancer induced by the polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT) driven by the murine mammary tumor virus promoter (MMTV) (MMTV-PyMT). Both GOF and LOF models support roles for MMP11, favoring early tumor growth by increasing proliferation and reducing apoptosis. Of interest, MMP11 promotes Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF1)/protein kinase B (AKT)/Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) signaling and is associated with a metabolic switch in the tumor, activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and an alteration in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response with decreased proteasome activity. In addition, high resonance magic angle spinning (HRMAS) metabolomics analysis of tumors from both models established a metabolic signature that favors tumorigenesis when MMP11 is overexpressed. These data support the idea that MMP11 contributes to an adaptive metabolic response, named metabolic flexibility, promoting cancer growth.
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Cordeiro AV, Peruca GF, Braga RR, Brícola RS, Lenhare L, Silva VRR, Anaruma CP, Katashima CK, Crisol BM, Barbosa LT, Simabuco FM, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, de Moura LP, Pauli JR, Ropelle ER. High-intensity exercise training induces mitonuclear imbalance and activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response in the skeletal muscle of aged mice. GeroScience 2021; 43:1513-8. [PMID: 32737758 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of mitochondrial metabolism is a hallmark of aging. Mitonuclear imbalance and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) are two conserved mitochondrial mechanisms that play critical roles in ensuring mitochondrial proteostasis and function. Here, we combined bioinformatics, physiological, and molecular analyses to examine the role of mitonuclear imbalance and UPRmt in the skeletal muscle of aged rodents and humans. The analysis of transcripts from the skeletal muscle of aged humans (60-70 years old) revealed that individuals with higher levels of UPRmt-related genes displayed a consistent increase in several mitochondrial-related genes, including the OXPHOS-associated genes. Interestingly, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was effective in stimulating the mitonuclear imbalance and UPRmt in the skeletal muscle of aged mice. Furthermore, these results were accompanied by higher levels of several mitochondrial markers and improvements in physiological parameters and physical performance. These data indicate that the maintenance or stimulation of the mitonuclear imbalance and UPRmt in the skeletal muscle could ensure mitochondrial proteostasis during aging, revealing new insights into targeting mitochondrial metabolism by using physical exercise.
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Kalvala AK, Yerra VG, Sherkhane B, Gundu C, Arruri V, Kumar R, Kumar A. Chronic hyperglycemia impairs mitochondrial unfolded protein response and precipitates proteotoxicity in experimental diabetic neuropathy: focus on LonP1 mediated mitochondrial regulation. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1627-1644. [PMID: 32720218 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis has been identified to contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy (DN). However, the role of Mitochondrial Lon peptidase 1 (Lonp1) and Heat shock proteins (HSP's) in DN remains elusive. Here we studied the role of these proteins in experimental DN. METHODS Rats were injected with STZ (55 mg/kg, ip) to induce diabetes. After confirmation of diabetes, animals were maintained for 8 weeks to develop neuropathy. Resveratrol was administered at two dose levels 10 and 20 mg/kg for last 2 weeks. Neuronal PC12 cells was challenged with 30 mM of β-D glucose to evaluate the molecular changes. RESULTS Diabetic rats showed reduced expression of various mitochondrial proteases in dorsal root ganglions (DRG). This effect may increase proteotoxicity and diminish electron transport chain (ETC) activity as evident by increased protein oxidation and reduced ETC complexes activities under diabetic condition. In particular, we focused on our efforts to characterize the expression pattern of Lonp1 which was found to be significantly (p < 0.01 vs. control group) under expressed in DRG of diabetic rats. We used Resveratrol to characterize the importance of Lonp1 in regulation of mitochondrial function. High glucose (HG) (30 mM) exposed PC12 cells suggested that Resveratrol treatment attenuated the HG induced mitochondrial damage via induction of mitochondrial proteases. Moreover, siRNA directed against Lonp1 has impaired the activity of Resveratrol in attenuating the HG induced mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION These results would signify the importance of modulating mitochondrial proteases for the therapeutic management of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Kalvala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Veera Ganesh Yerra
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bhoomika Sherkhane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Chayanika Gundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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Tjahjono E, McAnena AP, Kirienko NV. The evolutionarily conserved ESRE stress response network is activated by ROS and mitochondrial damage. BMC Biol 2020; 18:74. [PMID: 32600387 PMCID: PMC7322875 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction causes or contributes to a wide variety of pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases, and aging. Cells actively surveil a number of mitochondrial readouts to ensure that cellular homeostasis is maintained. Results In this article, we characterize the role of the ethanol and stress response element (ESRE) pathway in mitochondrial surveillance and show that it is robustly activated when the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell increases. While experiments were mostly performed in Caenorhabditis elegans, we observed similar gene activation profile in human cell lines. The linear relationship between ROS and ESRE activation differentiates ESRE from known mitochondrial surveillance pathways, such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which monitor mitochondrial protein import. The ability of the ESRE network to be activated by increased ROS allows the cell to respond to oxidative and reductive stresses. The ESRE network works in tandem with other mitochondrial surveillance mechanisms as well, in a fashion that suggests a partially redundant hierarchy. For example, mutation of the UPRmt pathway results in earlier and more robust activation of the ESRE pathway. Interestingly, full expression of ATFS-1, a key transcription factor for the UPRmt, requires the presence of an ESRE motif in its promoter region. Conclusion The ESRE pathway responds to mitochondrial damage by monitoring ROS levels. This response is conserved in humans. The ESRE pathway is activated earlier when other mitochondrial surveillance pathways are unavailable during mitochondrial crises, potentially to mitigate stress and restore health. However, the exact mechanisms of pathway activation and crosstalk remain to be elucidated. Ultimately, a better understanding of this network, and its role in the constellation of mitochondrial and cellular stress networks, will improve healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Tjahjono
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS140, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Aidan P McAnena
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS140, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Natalia V Kirienko
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS140, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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Kacprzak SM, Dahlqvist A, Van Aken O. The transcription factor ANAC017 is a key regulator of mitochondrial proteotoxic stress responses in plants. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190411. [PMID: 32362262 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial translation or reduced mitochondrial protein import can lead to imbalances in mitochondrial protein composition. Such mitochondrial proteotoxic stresses can trigger a nuclear transcriptional response commonly described as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Despite extensive studies of UPRmt pathways in animal and fungal systems, very little is known about how the UPRmt is regulated in plants. Through comparison of Arabidopsis thaliana whole-genome transcriptome data, it was found that most genes induced by mitochondrial ribosome inhibitor doxycycline are also induced by Complex III inhibitor antimycin A. We demonstrate that transcriptional responses to a wide range of mitochondrial proteotoxic stress-triggers are regulated by the transcription factor ANAC017, which was shown to reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). By contrast, no consistent evidence was found for genes that are specifically induced by doxycycline but not antimycin A. Furthermore, ANAC017 gain- and loss-of-function mutants showed marked resistance or susceptibility, respectively, to mitochondrial stress-inducing treatments, demonstrating the physiological importance of ANAC017 during mitochondrial proteotoxic stress. Finally, it was shown that ethylene signalling promotes mitochondria-to-nucleus signalling, most likely independently of ANAC017. Overall, this study shows that in plants, the UPRmt is largely overlapping with, and perhaps identical to, 'classical' mitochondrial retrograde signalling, and is mediated by ER-anchored transcription factor ANAC017. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia M Kacprzak
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, Lund 223 62, Sweden
| | - Anton Dahlqvist
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, Lund 223 62, Sweden
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, Lund 223 62, Sweden
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Zhou H, Yuan D, Gao W, Tian J, Sun H, Yu S, Wang J, Sun L. Loss of high-temperature requirement protein A2 protease activity induces mitonuclear imbalance via differential regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in sarcopenia. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1659-1679. [PMID: 32353215 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis requires tight coordination between nucleus and mitochondria, organelles that each possesses their own genomes. Disrupted mitonuclear communication has been found to be implicated in many aging processes. However, little is known about mitonuclear signaling regulator in sarcopenia which is a major contributor to the risk of poor health-related quality of life, disability, and premature death in older people. High-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2/Omi) is a mitochondrial protease and plays an important role in mitochondrial proteostasis. HtrA2mnd2(-/-) mice harboring protease-deficient HtrA2/Omi Ser276Cys missense mutants exhibit premature aging phenotype. Additionally, HtrA2/Omi has been established as a signaling regulator in nervous system and tumors. We therefore asked whether HtrA2/Omi participates in mitonuclear signaling regulation in muscle degeneration. Using motor functional, histological, and molecular biological methods, we characterized the phenotype of HtrA2mnd2(-/-) muscle. Furthermore, we isolated the gastrocnemius muscle of HtrA2mnd2(-/-) mice and determined expression of genes in mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt ), mitohormesis, electron transport chain (ETC), and mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we showed that HtrA2/Omi protease deficiency induced denervation-independent skeletal muscle degeneration with sarcopenia phenotypes. Despite mitochondrial hypofunction, upregulation of UPRmt and mitohormesis-related genes and elevated total reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were not observed in HtrA2mnd2(-/-) mice, contrary to previous assumptions that loss of protease activity of HtrA2/Omi would lead to mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of proteostasis disturbance and ROS burst. Instead, we showed that HtrA2/Omi protease deficiency results in different changes between the expression of nuclear DNA- and mitochondrial DNA-encoded ETC subunits, which is in consistent with their transcription factors, nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2, and coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α. These results reveal that loss of HtrA2/Omi protease activity induces mitonuclear imbalance via differential regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in sarcopenia. The novel mechanistic insights may be of importance in developing new therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Danni Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weinan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayi Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Vannini N, Campos V, Girotra M, Trachsel V, Rojas-Sutterlin S, Tratwal J, Ragusa S, Stefanidis E, Ryu D, Rainer PY, Nikitin G, Giger S, Li TY, Semilietof A, Oggier A, Yersin Y, Tauzin L, Pirinen E, Cheng WC, Ratajczak J, Canto C, Ehrbar M, Sizzano F, Petrova TV, Vanhecke D, Zhang L, Romero P, Nahimana A, Cherix S, Duchosal MA, Ho PC, Deplancke B, Coukos G, Auwerx J, Lutolf MP, Naveiras O. The NAD-Booster Nicotinamide Riboside Potently Stimulates Hematopoiesis through Increased Mitochondrial Clearance. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 24:405-418.e7. [PMID: 30849366 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently shown that increased oxidative phosphorylation, as reflected by increased mitochondrial activity, together with impairment of the mitochondrial stress response, can severely compromise hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration. Here we show that the NAD+-boosting agent nicotinamide riboside (NR) reduces mitochondrial activity within HSCs through increased mitochondrial clearance, leading to increased asymmetric HSC divisions. NR dietary supplementation results in a significantly enlarged pool of progenitors, without concurrent HSC exhaustion, improves survival by 80%, and accelerates blood recovery after murine lethal irradiation and limiting-HSC transplantation. In immune-deficient mice, NR increased the production of human leucocytes from hCD34+ progenitors. Our work demonstrates for the first time a positive effect of NAD+-boosting strategies on the most primitive blood stem cells, establishing a link between HSC mitochondrial stress, mitophagy, and stem-cell fate decision, and unveiling the potential of NR to improve recovery of patients suffering from hematological failure including post chemo- and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Vannini
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland.
| | - Vasco Campos
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mukul Girotra
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Trachsel
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shanti Rojas-Sutterlin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ragusa
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Stefanidis
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pernille Y Rainer
- Laboratory of System Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gena Nikitin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Giger
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Terytty Y Li
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aikaterini Semilietof
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aurelien Oggier
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Yersin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Tauzin
- Flow Cytometry Platform, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wan-Chen Cheng
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Ratajczak
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carles Canto
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Federico Sizzano
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Vanhecke
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Aimable Nahimana
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Departments of Oncology and of Laboratories, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Cherix
- Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel A Duchosal
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Departments of Oncology and of Laboratories, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of System Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Departments of Oncology and of Laboratories, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Xu M, Xue RQ, Lu Y, Yong SY, Wu Q, Cui YL, Zuo XT, Yu XJ, Zhao M, Zang WJ. Choline ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by regulating metabolic remodelling and UPRmt through SIRT3-AMPK pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:530-545. [PMID: 30165480 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by a shift in metabolic substrate utilization, but the molecular events underlying the metabolic remodelling remain poorly understood. We explored metabolic remodelling and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac hypertrophy and investigated the cardioprotective effects of choline. METHODS AND RESULTS The experiments were conducted using a model of ventricular hypertrophy by partially banding the abdominal aorta of Sprague Dawley rats. Cardiomyocyte size and cardiac fibrosis were significantly increased in hypertrophic hearts. In vitro cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced by exposing neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to angiotensin II (Ang II) (10-6 M, 24 h). Choline attenuated the mito-nuclear protein imbalance and activated the mitochondrial-unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the heart, thereby preserving the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria in the context of cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, choline inhibited myocardial metabolic dysfunction by promoting the expression of proteins involved in ketone body and fatty acid metabolism in response to pressure overload, accompanied by the activation of sirtuin 3/AMP-activated protein kinase (SIRT3-AMPK) signalling. In vitro analyses demonstrated that SIRT3 siRNA diminished choline-mediated activation of ketone body metabolism and UPRmt, as well as inhibition of hypertrophic signals. Intriguingly, serum from choline-treated abdominal aorta banding models (where β-hydroxybutyrate was increased) attenuated Ang II-induced myocyte hypertrophy, which indicates that β-hydroxybutyrate is important for the cardioprotective effects of choline. CONCLUSION Choline attenuated cardiac dysfunction by modulating the expression of proteins involved in ketone body and fatty acid metabolism, and induction of UPRmt; this was likely mediated by activation of the SIRT3-AMPK pathway. Taken together, these results identify SIRT3-AMPK as a key cardiac transcriptional regulator that helps orchestrate an adaptive metabolic response to cardiac stress. Choline treatment may represent a new therapeutic strategy for optimizing myocardial metabolism in the context of hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Run-Qing Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Su-Yun Yong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
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42
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Bartoszewska S, Collawn JF. Unfolded protein response (UPR) integrated signaling networks determine cell fate during hypoxia. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:18. [PMID: 32190062 PMCID: PMC7071609 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During hypoxic conditions, cells undergo critical adaptive responses that include the up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible proteins (HIFs) and the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR). While their induced signaling pathways have many distinct targets, there are some important connections as well. Despite the extensive studies on both of these signaling pathways, the exact mechanisms involved that determine survival versus apoptosis remain largely unexplained and therefore beyond therapeutic control. Here we discuss the complex relationship between the HIF and UPR signaling pathways and the importance of understanding how these pathways differ between normal and cancer cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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43
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Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive response that functions to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis following mitochondrial damage. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the nervous system plays a central role in responding to mitochondrial stress by releasing endocrine signals that act upon distal tissues to activate the UPRmt The mechanisms by which mitochondrial stress is sensed by neurons and transmitted to distal tissues are not fully understood. Here, we identify a role for the conserved follicle-stimulating hormone G protein-coupled receptor, FSHR-1, in promoting UPRmt activation. Genetic deficiency of fshr-1 severely attenuates UPRmt activation and organism-wide survival in response to mitochondrial stress. FSHR-1 functions in a common genetic pathway with SPHK-1/sphingosine kinase to promote UPRmt activation, and FSHR-1 regulates the mitochondrial association of SPHK-1 in the intestine. Through tissue-specific rescue assays, we show that FSHR-1 functions in neurons to activate the UPRmt, to promote mitochondrial association of SPHK-1 in the intestine, and to promote organism-wide survival in response to mitochondrial stress. We propose that FSHR-1 functions cell nonautonomously in neurons to activate UPRmt upstream of SPHK-1 signaling in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Kim
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Derek Sieburth
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
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44
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Shen Y, Ding M, Xie Z, Liu X, Yang H, Jin S, Xu S, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Wang D, Xu L, Zhou X, Wang P, Bi J. Activation of Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in SHSY5Y Expressing APP Cells and APP/PS1 Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:568. [PMID: 31969805 PMCID: PMC6960128 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) deposition is a major neuropathologic feature of AD. When unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in mitochondria, the unfolded protein responses (UPRmt) is initiated. Numerous lines of evidence show that AD pathogenesis involves mitochondrial dysfunction. However little is known about whether the UPRmt is engaged in the process of AD development. In this study, we investigated the UPRmt in mouse and cell models of AD. We found that UPRmt was activated in the brain of 3 and 9 months old APP/PS1 mice, and in the SHSY5Y cells after exposure to Aβ25–35, Aβ25–35 triggered UPRmt in SHSY5Y cells could be attenuated upon administration of simvastatin or siRNA for HMGCS-1 to inhibit the mevalonate pathway, and or upon knocking down Serine palmitoyltransferase long chain subunit 1 (SPTLC-1) to lower sphingolipid biosynthesis. We observed that inhibition of UPRmt aggravated cytotoxic effects of Aβ25–35 in SHSY5Y cells. Our research suggests that the UPRmt activation and two pathways necessary for this response, and further provides evidence for the cytoprotective effect of UPRmt during the AD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Medicine School, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mao Ding
- Medicine School, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaohong Xie
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Suqin Jin
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shunliang Xu
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dewei Wang
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianzhong Bi
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Abstract
Mitochondrial health is an important mediator of cellular function across a range of tissues, and as a result contributes to whole-body vitality in health and disease. Our understanding of the regulation and function of these organelles is of great interest to scientists and clinicians across many disciplines within our healthcare system. Skeletal muscle is a useful model tissue for the study of mitochondrial adaptations because of its mass and contribution to whole body metabolism. The remarkable plasticity of mitochondria allows them to adjust their volume, structure and capacity under conditions such as exercise, which is useful or improving metabolic health in individuals with various diseases and/or advancing age. Mitochondria exist within muscle as a functional reticulum which is maintained by dynamic processes of biogenesis and fusion, and is balanced by opposing processes of fission and mitophagy. The sophisticated coordination of these events is incompletely understood, but is imperative for organelle function and essential for the maintenance of an interconnected organelle network that is finely tuned to the metabolic needs of the cell. Further elucidation of the mechanisms of mitochondrial turnover in muscle could offer potential therapeutic targets for the advancement of health and longevity among our ageing populations. As well, investigating exercise modalities that are both convenient and capable of inducing robust mitochondrial adaptations are useful in fostering more widespread global adherence. To this point, exercise remains the most potent behavioural therapeutic approach for the improvement of mitochondrial health, not only in muscle, but potentially also in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Avigail T Erlich
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Geetika Phukan
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
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Deng P, Uma Naresh N, Du Y, Lamech LT, Yu J, Zhu LJ, Pukkila-Worley R, Haynes CM. Mitochondrial UPR repression during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection requires the bZIP protein ZIP-3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6146-51. [PMID: 30850535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817259116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria generate most cellular energy and are targeted by multiple pathogens during infection. In turn, metazoans employ surveillance mechanisms such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) to detect and respond to mitochondrial dysfunction as an indicator of infection. The UPRmt is an adaptive transcriptional program regulated by the transcription factor ATFS-1, which induces genes that promote mitochondrial recovery and innate immunity. The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces toxins that disrupt oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), resulting in UPRmt activation. Here, we demonstrate that Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploits an intrinsic negative regulatory mechanism mediated by the Caenorhabditis elegans bZIP protein ZIP-3 to repress UPRmt activation. Strikingly, worms lacking zip-3 were impervious to Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mediated UPRmt repression and resistant to infection. Pathogen-secreted phenazines perturbed mitochondrial function and were the primary cause of UPRmt activation, consistent with these molecules being electron shuttles and virulence determinants. Surprisingly, Pseudomonas aeruginosa unable to produce phenazines and thus elicit UPRmt activation were hypertoxic in zip-3-deletion worms. These data emphasize the significance of virulence-mediated UPRmt repression and the potency of the UPRmt as an antibacterial response.
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Oks O, Lewin S, Goncalves IL, Sapir A. The UPR mt Protects Caenorhabditis elegans from Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Upregulating Specific Enzymes of the Mevalonate Pathway. Genetics 2018; 209:457-73. [PMID: 29599115 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is the primary target of the cholesterol-lowering drugs statins, some of the most widely prescribed medicines of all time. The pathway's enzymes not only catalyze the synthesis of cholesterol but also of diverse metabolites such as mitochondrial electron carriers and isoprenyls. Recently, it has been shown that one type of mitochondrial stress response, the UPRmt, can protect yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, and cultured human cells from the deleterious effects of mevalonate pathway inhibition by statins. The mechanistic basis for this protection, however, remains unknown. Using C. elegans, we found that the UPRmt does not directly affect the levels of the statin target HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-controlling enzyme of the mevalonate pathway in mammals. Instead, in C. elegans the UPRmt upregulates the first dedicated enzyme of the pathway, HMG-CoA synthase (HMGS-1). A targeted RNA interference (RNAi) screen identified two UPRmt transcription factors, ATFS-1 and DVE-1, as regulators of HMGS-1 A comprehensive analysis of the pathway's enzymes found that, in addition to HMGS-1, the UPRmt upregulates enzymes involved with the biosynthesis of electron carriers and geranylgeranylation intermediates. Geranylgeranylation, in turn, is requisite for the full execution of the UPRmt 3response. Thus, the UPRmt acts in at least three coordinated, compensatory arms to upregulate specific branches of the mevalonate pathway, thereby alleviating mitochondrial stress. We propose that statin-mediated inhibition of the mevalonate pathway blocks this compensatory system of the UPRmt and consequentially impedes mitochondrial homeostasis. This effect is likely one of the principal bases for the adverse side effects of statins.
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48
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Hernando-Rodríguez B, Erinjeri AP, Rodríguez-Palero MJ, Millar V, González-Hernández S, Olmedo M, Schulze B, Baumeister R, Muñoz MJ, Askjaer P, Artal-Sanz M. Combined flow cytometry and high-throughput image analysis for the study of essential genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Biol 2018; 16:36. [PMID: 29598825 PMCID: PMC5875015 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in automated image-based microscopy platforms coupled with high-throughput liquid workflows have facilitated the design of large-scale screens utilising multicellular model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans to identify genetic interactions, therapeutic drugs or disease modifiers. However, the analysis of essential genes has lagged behind because lethal or sterile mutations pose a bottleneck for high-throughput approaches, and a systematic way to analyse genetic interactions of essential genes in multicellular organisms has been lacking. Results In C. elegans, non-conditional lethal mutations can be maintained in heterozygosity using chromosome balancers, commonly expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the pharynx. However, gene expression or function is typically monitored by the use of fluorescent reporters marked with the same fluorophore, presenting a challenge to sort worm populations of interest, particularly at early larval stages. Here, we develop a sorting strategy capable of selecting homozygous mutants carrying a GFP stress reporter from GFP-balanced animals at the second larval stage. Because sorting is not completely error-free, we develop an automated high-throughput image analysis protocol that identifies and discards animals carrying the chromosome balancer. We demonstrate the experimental usefulness of combining sorting of homozygous lethal mutants and automated image analysis in a functional genomic RNA interference (RNAi) screen for genes that genetically interact with mitochondrial prohibitin (PHB). Lack of PHB results in embryonic lethality, while homozygous PHB deletion mutants develop into sterile adults due to maternal contribution and strongly induce the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). In a chromosome-wide RNAi screen for C. elegans genes having human orthologues, we uncover both known and new PHB genetic interactors affecting the UPRmt and growth. Conclusions The method presented here allows the study of balanced lethal mutations in a high-throughput manner. It can be easily adapted depending on the user’s requirements and should serve as a useful resource for the C. elegans community for probing new biological aspects of essential nematode genes as well as the generation of more comprehensive genetic networks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0496-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Hernando-Rodríguez
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Annmary Paul Erinjeri
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Palero
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Val Millar
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Maynard Centre, Forest Farm, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK.,Present address: Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara González-Hernández
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Present address: Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Olmedo
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Present address: Department of Genetics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Bettina Schulze
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, and ZBMZ Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (Faculty of Medicine), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Baumeister
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, and ZBMZ Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology (Faculty of Medicine), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel J Muñoz
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Peter Askjaer
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Artal-Sanz
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
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49
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Cai H, Rasulova M, Vandemeulebroucke L, Meagher L, Vlaeminck C, Dhondt I, Braeckman BP. Life-Span Extension by Axenic Dietary Restriction Is Independent of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response and Mitohormesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1311-1318. [PMID: 28329170 PMCID: PMC5861982 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, a broad range of dietary restriction regimens extend life span to different degrees by separate or partially overlapping molecular pathways. One of these regimens, axenic dietary restriction, doubles the worm's life span but currently, almost nothing is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Previous studies suggest that mitochondrial stress responses such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) or mitohormesis may play a vital role in axenic dietary restriction-induced longevity. Here, we provide solid evidence that axenic dietary restriction treatment specifically induces an UPRmt response in C elegans but this induction is not required for axenic dietary restriction-mediated longevity. We also show that reactive oxygen species-mediated mitohormesis is not involved in this phenotype. Hence, changes in mitochondrial physiology and induction of a mitochondrial stress response are not necessarily causal to large increases in life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaihan Cai
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Madina Rasulova
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Lea Meagher
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Caroline Vlaeminck
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Ineke Dhondt
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Bart P Braeckman
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Belgium
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50
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for many aspects of cellular homeostasis, including energy harvesting through oxidative phosphorylation. Alterations of mitochondrial function not only impact on cellular metabolism but also critically influence whole-body metabolism, health, and life span. Diseases defined by mitochondrial dysfunction have expanded from rare monogenic disorders in a strict sense to now also include many common polygenic diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and neuromuscular diseases. This has led to an intensive search for new therapeutic and preventive strategies aimed at invigorating mitochondrial function by exploiting key components of mitochondrial biogenesis, redox metabolism, dynamics, mitophagy, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. As such, new findings linking mitochondrial function to the progression or outcome of this ever-increasing list of diseases has stimulated the discovery and development of the first true mitochondrial drugs, which are now entering the clinic and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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