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Zhang H, Jiang L, Du X, Qian Z, Wu G, Jiang Y, Mao Z. The cGAS-Ku80 complex regulates the balance between two end joining subpathways. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:792-803. [PMID: 38664591 PMCID: PMC11164703 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As the major DNA sensor that activates the STING-TBK1 signaling cascade, cGAS is mainly present in the cytosol. A number of recent reports have indicated that cGAS also plays critical roles in the nucleus. Our previous work demonstrated for the first time that cGAS is translocated to the nucleus upon the occurrence of DNA damage and inhibits homologous recombination (HR), one of the two major pathways of DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. However, whether nuclear cGAS regulates the other DSB repair pathway, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), which can be further divided into the less error-prone canonical NHEJ (c-NHEJ) and more mutagenic alternative NHEJ (alt-NHEJ) subpathways, has not been characterized. Here, we demonstrated that cGAS tipped the balance of the two NHEJ subpathways toward c-NHEJ. Mechanistically, the cGAS-Ku80 complex enhanced the interaction between DNA-PKcs and the deubiquitinase USP7 to improve DNA-PKcs protein stability, thereby promoting c-NHEJ. In contrast, the cGAS-Ku80 complex suppressed alt-NHEJ by directly binding to the promoter of Polθ to suppress its transcription. Together, these findings reveal a novel function of nuclear cGAS in regulating DSB repair, suggesting that the presence of cGAS in the nucleus is also important in the maintenance of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Du
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guizhu Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Andreotti V, Vanni I, Pastorino L, Ghiorzo P, Bruno W. Germline POT1 Variants: A Critical Perspective on POT1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:104. [PMID: 38254993 PMCID: PMC10815363 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Protection of Telomere 1 (POT1) gene was identified as a melanoma predisposition candidate nearly 10 years ago. Thereafter, various cancers have been proposed as associated with germline POT1 variants in the context of the so-called POT1 Predisposition Tumor Syndrome (POT1-TPD). While the key role, and related risks, of the alterations in POT1 in melanoma are established, the correlation between germline POT1 variants and the susceptibility to other cancers partially lacks evidence, due also to the rarity of POT1-TPD. Issues range from the absence of functional or segregation studies to biased datasets or the need for a revised classification of variants. Furthermore, a proposal of a surveillance protocol related to the cancers associated with POT1 pathogenic variants requires reliable data to avoid an excessive, possibly unjustified, burden for POT1 variant carriers. We propose a critical perspective regarding data published over the last 10 years that correlate POT1 variants to various types of cancer, other than cutaneous melanoma, to offer food for thought for the specialists who manage cancer predisposition syndromes and to stimulate a debate on the grey areas that have been exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Andreotti
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Irene Vanni
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Lorenza Pastorino
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - William Bruno
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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3
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Hassanpour H, Mirshokraei P, Salehpour M, Amiri K, Ghareghani P, Nasiri L. Canine sperm motility is associated with telomere shortening and changes in expression of shelterin genes. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:236. [PMID: 37950187 PMCID: PMC10637008 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motion quality is a critical property for essential functions. Several endogenous and exogenous factors are involved in sperm motility. Here, we measured the relative telomere length and evaluated the gene expression of its binding-proteins, shelterin complex (TRF1, TRF2, RAP1, POT1, TIN2, and TPP1) in sperm of dogs using relative quantitative real-time PCR. We compared them between two sperm subpopulations with poor and good motion qualities (separated by swim-up method). Telomere shortening and alterations of shelterin gene expression result from ROS, genotoxic insults, and genetic predisposition. RESULTS Sperm kinematic parameters were measured in two subpopulations and then telomeric index of each parameter was calculated. Telomeric index for linearity, VSL, VCL, STR, BCF, and ALH were significantly higher in sperms with good motion quality than in sperms with poor quality. We demonstrated that poor motion quality is associated with shorter telomere, higher expression of TRF2, POT1, and TIN2 genes, and lower expression of the RAP1 gene in dog sperm. The levels of TRF1 and TPP1 gene expression remained consistent despite variations in sperm quality and telomere length. CONCLUSION Data provided evidence that there are considerable changes in gene expression of many shelterin components (TRF2, TIN2, POT1and RAP1) associated with shortening telomere in the spermatozoa with poor motion quality. Possibly, the poor motion quality is the result of defects in the shelterin complex and telomere length. Our data suggests a new approach in the semen assessment and etiologic investigations of subfertility or infertility in male animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hassanpour
- Department of Gametes and Cloning, Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Pezhman Mirshokraei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Salehpour
- Department of Gametes and Cloning, Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Khadije Amiri
- Department of Gametes and Cloning, Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parvin Ghareghani
- Department of Gametes and Cloning, Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Nasiri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Li Q, Wang X, Liu J, Wu L, Xu S. POT1 involved in telomeric DNA damage repair and genomic stability of cervical cancer cells in response to radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 891:503670. [PMID: 37770150 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Though telomeres play a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability in cancer cells and have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets in anticancer therapy, the relationship between telomere dysfunction and genomic instability induced by irradiation is still unclear. In this study, we identified that protection of telomeres 1 (POT1), a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein, was upregulated in γ-irradiated HeLa cells and in cancer patients who exhibit radiation tolerance. Knockdown of POT1 delayed the repair of radiation-induced telomeric DNA damage which was associated with enhanced H3K9 trimethylation and enhanced the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells. The depletion of POT1 also resulted in significant genomic instability, by showing a significant increase in end-to-end chromosomal fusions, and the formation of anaphase bridges and micronuclei. Furthermore, knockdown of POT1 disturbed telomerase recruitment to telomere, and POT1 could interact with phosphorylated ATM (p-ATM) and POT1 depletion decreased the levels of p-ATM induced by irradiation, suggesting that POT1 could regulate the telomerase recruitment to telomeres to repair irradiation-induced telomeric DNA damage of HeLa cells through interactions with p-ATM. The enhancement of radiosensitivity in cancer cells can be achieved through the combination of POT1 and telomerase inhibitors, presenting a potential approach for radiotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Lijun Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China.
| | - Shengmin Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China.
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5
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Banerjee P, Rosales JE, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Kotla S, Lin SH, Deswal A, Dantzer R, Olmsted-Davis EA, Nguyen H, Wang G, Cooke JP, Abe JI, Le NT. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186679. [PMID: 37332576 PMCID: PMC10272458 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors undergone treatment face an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed that chemotherapy can drive senescent cancer cells to acquire a proliferative phenotype known as senescence-associated stemness (SAS). These SAS cells exhibit enhanced growth and resistance to cancer treatment, thereby contributing to disease progression. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence has been implicated in atherosclerosis and cancer, including among cancer survivors. Treatment modalities for cancer can induce EC senescence, leading to the development of SAS phenotype and subsequent atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Consequently, targeting senescent ECs displaying the SAS phenotype hold promise as a therapeutic approach for managing atherosclerotic CVD in this population. This review aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of SAS induction in ECs and its contribution to atherosclerosis among cancer survivors. We delve into the mechanisms underlying EC senescence in response to disturbed flow and ionizing radiation, which play pivotal role in atherosclerosis and cancer. Key pathways, including p90RSK/TERF2IP, TGFβR1/SMAD, and BH4 signaling are explored as potential targets for cancer treatment. By comprehending the similarities and distinctions between different types of senescence and the associated pathways, we can pave the way for targeted interventions aim at enhancing the cardiovascular health of this vulnerable population. The insights gained from this review may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for managing atherosclerotic CVD in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia Enterría Rosales
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- School of Medicine, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Hassanpour H, Farhadi N, Bahadoran S, Akbari MR. Cardiac telomere attrition following changes in the expression of shelterin genes in pulmonary hypertensive chickens. Br Poult Sci 2023:1-7. [PMID: 36607418 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2163877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1. The alterations of relative telomere length and expression of shelterin genes (TRF1, TRF2, RAP1, POT1, and TPP1) were evaluated from the chickens' right heart ventricle in the early and last stages of cold-induced pulmonary hypertension (PHS) at 21 and 42 d of age.2. The relative telomere length in the right ventricular tissues was significantly shorter in the PHS group of broilers than in the control group at 42 d, but did not statistically change at 21 d of age. There was a significant negative correlation between relative telomere length and RV:TV ratio in the broilers at 42 d of age.3. The relative expression of POT1, RAP1 and TPP1 genes in the right ventricular tissues was significantly lower in the PHS group than in the control group at 21 d. The relative expression of the TRF2 gene was only higher in the PHS group of broilers than control at 42 d. The mRNA level of the TRF2 gene exhibited a significant positive correlation with RV:TV ratio at 42 d.4. It was concluded that most shelterin genes are dysregulated in the early stage of PHS (right ventricular hypertrophy) while telomere attrition occurs only at the last stage (heart dilation/failure).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hassanpour
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - N Farhadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - S Bahadoran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shaharekord, Iran
| | - M R Akbari
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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7
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Liu Z, Wei X, Gao Y, Gao X, Li X, Zhong Y, Wang X, Liu C, Shi T, Lv J, Liu T. Zbtb34 promotes embryonic stem cell proliferation by elongating telomere length. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7126-7136. [PMID: 36098743 PMCID: PMC9512507 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zbtb34 is a novel zinc finger protein, which is revealed by biological software analysis to have 3 zinc fingers, but its functions remain unknown. In this study, mouse Zbtb34 cDNA was amplified by PCR and inserted into the plasmid pEGFP-N1 to generate Zbtb34-EGFP fusion protein. The upregulation of Zbtb34 in mouse embryonic stem cells promoted telomere elongation and increased cell proliferation. In order to understand the above phenomena, the telomere co-immunoprecipitation technique was employed to investigate the relationship between Zbtb34 and telomeres. The results indicated that Zbtb34 could bind to the DNA sequences of the telomeres. Alanine substitution of the third zinc finger abolished such binding. Since Pot1 is the only protein binding to the single-stranded DNA at the end of the telomeres, we further investigated the relationship between Zbtb34 and Pot1. The results revealed that the upregulation of Zbtb34 decreased the binding of Pot1b to the telomeres. Through the upregulation of Pot1b, the binding of Zbtb34 to the telomeres was also reduced. In conclusion, we showed that the main biological function of Zbtb34 was to bind telomere DNA via its third ZnF, competing with Pot1b for the binding sites, resulting in telomere elongation and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
- Guihang Guiyang Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550027, China
| | - Xinran Wei
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Xiaodie Gao
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Xia Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Affiliated to Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Yujuan Zhong
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Chong Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Tianle Shi
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Jiabin Lv
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guihang Guiyang Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550027, China
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8
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Bian R, Dang W, Song X, Liu L, Jiang C, Yang Y, Li Y, Li L, Li X, Hu Y, Bao R, Liu Y. Rac GTPase activating protein 1 promotes gallbladder cancer via binding DNA ligase 3 to reduce apoptosis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2167-2180. [PMID: 34239347 PMCID: PMC8241731 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) has been characterized in the pathogenesis and progression of several malignancies, however, little is known regarding its role in the development of gallbladder cancer (GBC). This investigation seeks to describe the role of RACGAP1 and its associated molecular mechanisms in GBC. It was found that RACGAP1 was highly expressed in human GBC tissues, which was associated to poorer overall survival (OS). Gene knockdown of RACGAP1 hindered tumor cell proliferation and survival both in vitro and in vivo. We further identified that RACGAP1 was involved in DNA repair through its binding with DNA ligase 3 (LIG3), a crucial component of the alternative-non-homologous end joining (Alt-NHEJ) pathway. RACGAP1 regulated LIG3 expression independent of RhoA activity. RACGAP1 knockdown resulted in LIG3-dependent repair dysfunction, accumulated DNA damage and Poly(ADP-ribosyl) modification (PARylation) enhancement, leading to increased apoptosis and suppressed cell growth. We conclude that RACGAP1 exerts a tumor-promoting role via binding LIG3 to reduce apoptosis and facilitate cell growth in GBC, pointing to RACGAP1 as a potential therapeutic target for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bian
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengkai Jiang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuechuan Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Runfa Bao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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9
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Tomasova K, Kroupa M, Forsti A, Vodicka P, Vodickova L. Telomere maintenance in interplay with DNA repair in pathogenesis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:261-271. [PMID: 32083302 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the leading malignancies and causes of tumour-related deaths worldwide. Both impaired DNA repair mechanisms and disrupted telomere length homeostasis represent key culprits in CRC initiation, progression and prognosis. Mechanistically, altered DNA repair results in the accumulation of mutations in the genome and, ultimately, in genomic instability. DNA repair also determines the response to chemotherapeutics in CRC treatment, suggesting its utilisation in the prediction of therapy response and individual approach to patients. Telomere attrition resulting in replicative senescence, simultaneously by-passing cell cycle checkpoints, is a hallmark of malignant transformation of the cell. Telomerase is almost ubiquitous in advanced solid cancers, including CRC, and its expression is fundamental to cell immortalisation. Therefore, there is a persistent effort to develop therapeutics, which are telomerase-specific and gentle to non-malignant tissues. However, in practice, we are still at the level of clinical trials. The current state of knowledge and the route, which the research takes, gives us a positive perspective that the problem of molecular models of telomerase activation and telomere length stabilisation will finally be solved. We summarise the current literature herein, by pointing out the crosstalk between proteins involved in DNA repair and telomere length homeostasis in relation to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Tomasova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Praha, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Alej Svobody, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kroupa
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Praha, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Alej Svobody, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Forsti
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Praha, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Alej Svobody, Plzeň, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Praha, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Alej Svobody, Plzeň, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Praha, Czech Republic
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10
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Engin AB, Engin A. The Connection Between Cell Fate and Telomere. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:71-100. [PMID: 33539012 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abolition of telomerase activity results in telomere shortening, a process that eventually destabilizes the ends of chromosomes, leading to genomic instability and cell growth arrest or death. Telomere shortening leads to the attainment of the "Hayflick limit", and the transition of cells to state of senescence. If senescence is bypassed, cells undergo crisis through loss of checkpoints. This process causes massive cell death concomitant with further telomere shortening and spontaneous telomere fusions. In functional telomere of mammalian cells, DNA contains double-stranded tandem repeats of TTAGGG. The Shelterin complex, which is composed of six different proteins, is required for the regulation of telomere length and stability in cells. Telomere protection by telomeric repeat binding protein 2 (TRF2) is dependent on DNA damage response (DDR) inhibition via formation of T-loop structures. Many protein kinases contribute to the DDR activated cell cycle checkpoint pathways, and prevent DNA replication until damaged DNA is repaired. Thereby, the connection between cell fate and telomere length-associated telomerase activity is regulated by multiple protein kinase activities. Contrarily, inactivation of DNA damage checkpoint protein kinases in senescent cells can restore cell-cycle progression into S phase. Therefore, telomere-initiated senescence is a DNA damage checkpoint response that is activated with a direct contribution from dysfunctional telomeres. In this review, in addition to the above mentioned, the choice of main repair pathways, which comprise non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination in telomere uncapping telomere dysfunctions, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Chen Y, Geng A, Zhang W, Qian Z, Wan X, Jiang Y, Mao Z. Fight to the bitter end: DNA repair and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101154. [PMID: 32977059 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA carries the genetic information that directs complex biological processes; thus, maintaining a stable genome is critical for individual growth and development and for human health. DNA repair is a fundamental and conserved mechanism responsible for mending damaged DNA and restoring genomic stability, while its deficiency is closely related to multiple human disorders. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the field of DNA repair and aging. Here, we will extensively discuss the relationship among DNA damage, DNA repair, aging and aging-associated diseases based on the latest research. In addition, the possible role of DNA repair in several potential rejuvenation strategies will be discussed. Finally, we will also review the emerging methods that may facilitate future research on DNA repair.
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12
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Mir SM, Samavarchi Tehrani S, Goodarzi G, Jamalpoor Z, Asadi J, Khelghati N, Qujeq D, Maniati M. Shelterin Complex at Telomeres: Implications in Ageing. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:827-839. [PMID: 32581523 PMCID: PMC7276337 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s256425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different factors influence the development and control of ageing. It is well known that progressive telomere shorting is one of the molecular mechanisms underlying ageing. The shelterin complex consists of six telomere-specific proteins which are involved in the protection of chromosome ends. More particularly, this vital complex protects the telomeres from degradation, prevents from activation of unwanted repair systems, regulates the activity of telomerase, and has a crucial role in cellular senescent and ageing-related pathologies. This review explores the organization and function of telomeric DNA along with the mechanism of telomeres during ageing, followed by a discussion of the critical role of shelterin components and their changes during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Mir
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahanbakhsh Asadi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Khelghati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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13
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Luo M, Teng X, Wang B, Zhang J, Liu Y, Liu D, Li H, Lu H. Protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) of Pinus tabuliformis bound the telomere ssDNA. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:119-127. [PMID: 31860719 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) is a telomeric protein that binds to the telomere single-stranded (ss) region. It plays an essential role in maintaining genomic stability in both plants and animals. In this study, we investigated the properties of POT1 in Pinus tabuliformis Carr. (PtPOT1) through electrophoretic mobility shift assay. PtPOT1 harbored affinity for telomeric ssDNA and could bind plant- and mammalian-type ssDNA sequences. Notably, there were two oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding (OB) folds, and OB1 or OB2 alone, or both together, could bind ssDNA, which is significantly different from human POT1. Based on our data, we hypothesized that the two OB folds of PtPOT1 bound the same ssDNA. This model not only provides new insight into the ssDNA binding of PtPOT1 but also sheds light on the functional divergence of POT1 proteins in gymnosperms and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaotong Teng
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiaxue Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yadi Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Di Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No.35, Qinghua East road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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14
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Barbero Barcenilla B, Shippen DE. Back to the future: The intimate and evolving connection between telomere-related factors and genotoxic stress. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14803-14813. [PMID: 31434740 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aw119.008145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of circular genomes to linear chromosomes during molecular evolution required the invention of telomeres. This entailed the acquisition of factors necessary to fulfill two new requirements: the need to fully replicate terminal DNA sequences and the ability to distinguish chromosome ends from damaged DNA. Here we consider the multifaceted functions of factors recruited to perpetuate and stabilize telomeres. We discuss recent theories for how telomere factors evolved from existing cellular machineries and examine their engagement in nontelomeric functions such as DNA repair, replication, and transcriptional regulation. We highlight the remarkable versatility of protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) proteins that was fueled by gene duplication and divergence events that occurred independently across several eukaryotic lineages. Finally, we consider the relationship between oxidative stress and telomeres and the enigmatic role of telomere-associated proteins in mitochondria. These findings point to an evolving and intimate connection between telomeres and cellular physiology and the strong drive to maintain chromosome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Barbero Barcenilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
| | - Dorothy E Shippen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
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15
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Kobayashi CR, Castillo-González C, Survotseva Y, Canal E, Nelson ADL, Shippen DE. Recent emergence and extinction of the protection of telomeres 1c gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1081-1097. [PMID: 31134349 PMCID: PMC6708462 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Duplicate POT1 genes must rapidly diverge or be inactivated. Protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) encodes a conserved telomere binding protein implicated in both chromosome end protection and telomere length maintenance. Most organisms harbor a single POT1 gene, but in the few lineages where the POT1 family has expanded, the duplicate genes have diversified. Arabidopsis thaliana bears three POT1-like loci, POT1a, POT1b and POT1c. POT1a retains the ancestral function of telomerase regulation, while POT1b is implicated in chromosome end protection. Here we examine the function and evolution of the third POT1 paralog, POT1c. POT1c is a new gene, unique to A. thaliana, and was derived from a duplication event involving the POT1a locus and a neighboring gene encoding ribosomal protein S17. The duplicate S17 locus (dS17) is highly conserved across A. thaliana accessions, while POT1c is highly divergent, harboring multiple deletions within the gene body and two transposable elements within the promoter. The POT1c locus is transcribed at very low to non-detectable levels under standard growth conditions. In addition, no discernable molecular or developmental defects are associated with plants bearing a CRISPR mutation in the POT1c locus. However, forced expression of POT1c leads to decreased telomerase enzyme activity and shortened telomeres. Evolutionary reconstruction indicates that transposons invaded the POT1c promoter soon after the locus was formed, permanently silencing the gene. Altogether, these findings argue that POT1 dosage is critically important for viability and duplicate gene copies are retained only upon functional divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie R Kobayashi
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Yulia Survotseva
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Elijah Canal
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew D L Nelson
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dorothy E Shippen
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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