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Cibulka M, Brodnanova M, Halasova E, Kurca E, Kolisek M, Grofik M. The Role of Magnesium in Parkinson's Disease: Status Quo and Implications for Future Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8425. [PMID: 39125993 PMCID: PMC11312984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent an increasing economic, social, and, above all, medical burden worldwide. The second most prevalent disease in this category is Parkinson's disease, surpassed only by Alzheimer's. It is a treatable but still incurable systemic disease with a pathogenesis that has not yet been elucidated. Several theories are currently being developed to explain the causes and progression of Parkinson's disease. Magnesium is one of the essential macronutrients and is absolutely necessary for life as we know it. The magnesium cation performs several important functions in the cell in the context of energetic metabolism, substrate metabolism, cell signalling, and the regulation of the homeostasis of other ions. Several of these cellular processes have been simultaneously described as being disrupted in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. The relationship between magnesium homeostasis and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease has received little scientific attention to date. The aim of this review is to summarise and critically evaluate the current state of knowledge on the possible role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and to outline possible future directions for research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Cibulka
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.C.); (M.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Maria Brodnanova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.C.); (M.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Erika Halasova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.C.); (M.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Egon Kurca
- Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.C.); (M.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Milan Grofik
- Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
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Nauffal V, Klarqvist MDR, Hill MC, Pace DF, Di Achille P, Choi SH, Rämö JT, Pirruccello JP, Singh P, Kany S, Hou C, Ng K, Philippakis AA, Batra P, Lubitz SA, Ellinor PT. Noninvasive assessment of organ-specific and shared pathways in multi-organ fibrosis using T1 mapping. Nat Med 2024; 30:1749-1760. [PMID: 38806679 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases affect multiple organs and are associated with morbidity and mortality. To examine organ-specific and shared biologic mechanisms that underlie fibrosis in different organs, we developed machine learning models to quantify T1 time, a marker of interstitial fibrosis, in the liver, pancreas, heart and kidney among 43,881 UK Biobank participants who underwent magnetic resonance imaging. In phenome-wide association analyses, we demonstrate the association of increased organ-specific T1 time, reflecting increased interstitial fibrosis, with prevalent diseases across multiple organ systems. In genome-wide association analyses, we identified 27, 18, 11 and 10 independent genetic loci associated with liver, pancreas, myocardial and renal cortex T1 time, respectively. There was a modest genetic correlation between the examined organs. Several loci overlapped across the examined organs implicating genes involved in a myriad of biologic pathways including metal ion transport (SLC39A8, HFE and TMPRSS6), glucose metabolism (PCK2), blood group antigens (ABO and FUT2), immune function (BANK1 and PPP3CA), inflammation (NFKB1) and mitosis (CENPE). Finally, we found that an increasing number of organs with T1 time falling in the top quintile was associated with increased mortality in the population. Individuals with a high burden of fibrosis in ≥3 organs had a 3-fold increase in mortality compared to those with a low burden of fibrosis across all examined organs in multivariable-adjusted analysis (hazard ratio = 3.31, 95% confidence interval 1.77-6.19; P = 1.78 × 10-4). By leveraging machine learning to quantify T1 time across multiple organs at scale, we uncovered new organ-specific and shared biologic pathways underlying fibrosis that may provide therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nauffal
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew C Hill
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle F Pace
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Di Achille
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joel T Rämö
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James P Pirruccello
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pulkit Singh
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shinwan Kany
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cody Hou
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenney Ng
- Center for Computational Health, IBM Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony A Philippakis
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Puneet Batra
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Luan M, Feng Z, Zhu W, Xing Y, Ma X, Zhu J, Wang Y, Jia Y. Mechanism of metal ion-induced cell death in gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116574. [PMID: 38593706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the most severe types of cancer, with a significant impact on human health worldwide. Due to the urgent demand for more effective therapeutic strategies against GI cancers, novel research on metal ions for treating GI cancers has attracted increasing attention. Currently, with accumulating research on the relationship between metal ions and cancer therapy, several metal ions have been discovered to induce cell death. In particular, the three novel modes of cell death, including ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and calcicoptosis, have become focal points of research in the field of cancer. Meanwhile, other metal ions have also been found to trigger cell death through various mechanisms. Accordingly, this review focuses on the mechanisms of metal ion-induced cell death in GI cancers, hoping to provide theoretical support for further GI cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Luan
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaotian Feng
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, People's Republic of China.
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Zeinert R, Zhou F, Franco P, Zöller J, Lessen HJ, Aravind L, Langer JD, Sodt AJ, Storz G, Matthies D. Magnesium Transporter MgtA revealed as a Dimeric P-type ATPase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582502. [PMID: 38464158 PMCID: PMC10925321 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) uptake systems are present in all domains of life given the vital role of this ion. Bacteria acquire Mg2+ via conserved Mg2+ channels and transporters. The transporters are required for growth when Mg2+ is limiting or during bacterial pathogenesis, but, despite their significance, there are no known structures for these transporters. Here we report the first structure of the Mg2+ transporter MgtA solved by single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Using mild membrane extraction, we obtained high resolution structures of both a homodimeric form (2.9 Å), the first for a P-type ATPase, and a monomeric form (3.6 Å). Each monomer unit of MgtA displays a structural architecture that is similar to other P-type ATPases with a transmembrane domain and two soluble domains. The dimer interface consists of contacts between residues in adjacent soluble nucleotide binding and phosphotransfer regions of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) domain. We suggest oligomerization is a conserved structural feature of the diverse family of P-type ATPase transporters. The ATP binding site and conformational dynamics upon nucleotide binding to MgtA were characterized using a combination of cryo-EM, molecular dynamics simulations, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and mutagenesis. Our structure also revealed a Mg2+ ion in the transmembrane segments, which, when combined with sequence conservation and mutagenesis studies, allowed us to propose a model for Mg2+ transport across the lipid bilayer. Finally, our work revealed the N-terminal domain structure and cytoplasmic Mg2+ binding sites, which have implications for related P-type ATPases defective in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilee Zeinert
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Fei Zhou
- Unit on Structural Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Pedro Franco
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonathan Zöller
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henry J. Lessen
- Unit on Membrane Chemical Physics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - L. Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Julian D. Langer
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander J. Sodt
- Unit on Membrane Chemical Physics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Gisela Storz
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Doreen Matthies
- Unit on Structural Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
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5
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Xiao P, Li C, Liu Y, Gao Y, Liang X, Liu C, Yang W. The role of metal ions in the occurrence, progression, drug resistance, and biological characteristics of gastric cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1333543. [PMID: 38370477 PMCID: PMC10869614 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1333543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal ions exert pivotal functions within the human body, encompassing essential roles in upholding cell structure, gene expression regulation, and catalytic enzyme activity. Additionally, they significantly influence various pathways implicated in divergent mechanisms of cell death. Among the prevailing malignant tumors of the digestive tract worldwide, gastric cancer stands prominent, exhibiting persistent high mortality rates. A compelling body of evidence reveals conspicuous ion irregularities in tumor tissues, encompassing gastric cancer. Notably, metal ions have been observed to elicit distinct contributions to the progression, drug resistance, and biological attributes of gastric cancer. This review consolidates pertinent literature on the involvement of metal ions in the etiology and advancement of gastric cancer. Particular attention is directed towards metal ions, namely, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn, elucidating their roles in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer, cellular demise processes, drug resistance phenomena, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtuo Xiao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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6
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Wu Y, Zhang F, Xu P, Li P. Brucine Inhibits Proliferation of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma through PI3K/AKT Pathway-induced Mitochondrial Apoptosis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:749-759. [PMID: 38310464 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096274284231116104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this research was to settle the role of brucine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and the mechanisms involved. METHODS The findings of this study suggest that brucine exerts inhibitory effects on cell growth, clonogenicity, and invasive potential of Panc02 and Mia Paca-2 cells. These effects may be linked to an increase in apoptotic-prone cell population. RESULTS Gene sequencing data suggests that these effects are mediated through the induction of apoptosis. Experimental evidence further supports the notion that brucine reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulates Bax expression while downregulating Bcl-2 expression. These effects are believed to be a result of brucine-mediated suppression of PI3K/Akt activity, which serves as a regulatory factor of mTOR, Bax, and Bcl-2. Suppression of PI3K activity enhances the tumor-suppressing effects of brucine. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest that brucine has therapeutic potential as a remedy option for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Panling Xu
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Li
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
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7
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Vallejos PA, Gonda A, Yu J, Sullivan BG, Ostowari A, Kwong ML, Choi A, Selleck MJ, Kabagwira J, Fuller RN, Gironda DJ, Levine EA, Hughes CCW, Wall NR, Miller LD, Senthil M. Plasma Exosome Gene Signature Differentiates Colon Cancer from Healthy Controls. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:3833-3844. [PMID: 36864326 PMCID: PMC10175396 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsies have become an integral part of cancer management as minimally invasive options to detect molecular and genetic changes. However, current options show poor sensitivity in peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Novel exosome-based liquid biopsies may provide critical information on these challenging tumors. In this initial feasibility analysis, we identified an exosome gene signature of 445 genes (ExoSig445) from colon cancer patients, including those with PC, that is distinct from healthy controls. METHODS Plasma exosomes from 42 patients with metastatic and non-metastatic colon cancer and 10 healthy controls were isolated and verified. RNAseq analysis of exosomal RNA was performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the DESeq2 algorithm. The ability of RNA transcripts to discriminate control and cancer cases was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and Bayesian compound covariate predictor classification. An exosomal gene signature was compared with tumor expression profiles of The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS Unsupervised PCA using exosomal genes with greatest expression variance showed stark separation between controls and patient samples. Using separate training and test sets, gene classifiers were constructed capable of discriminating control and patient samples with 100% accuracy. Using a stringent statistical threshold, 445 DEGs fully delineated control from cancer samples. Furthermore, 58 of these exosomal DEGs were found to be overexpressed in colon tumors. CONCLUSIONS Plasma exosomal RNAs can robustly discriminate colon cancer patients, including patients with PC, from healthy controls. ExoSig445 can potentially be developed as a highly sensitive liquid biopsy test in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Vallejos
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Amber Gonda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Brittany G Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Arsha Ostowari
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Mei Li Kwong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Choi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Selleck
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Janviere Kabagwira
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ryan N Fuller
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Gironda
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Edward A Levine
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maheswari Senthil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Smorodina E, Diankin I, Tao F, Qing R, Yang S, Zhang S. Structural informatic study of determined and AlphaFold2 predicted molecular structures of 13 human solute carrier transporters and their water-soluble QTY variants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20103. [PMID: 36418372 PMCID: PMC9684436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier transporters are integral membrane proteins, and are important for diverse cellular nutrient transports, metabolism, energy demand, and other vital biological activities. They have recently been implicated in pancreatic cancer and other cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, programmed cell death and proliferation, cell metabolism and chemo-sensitivity. Here we report the study of 13 human solute carrier membrane transporters using the highly accurate AlphaFold2 predictions of 3D protein structures. In the native structures, there are hydrophobic amino acids leucine (L), isoleucine (I), valine (V) and phenylalanine (F) in the transmembrane alpha-helices. These hydrophobic amino acids L, I, V, F are systematically replaced by hydrophilic amino acids glutamine (Q), threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y), thus the QTY code. Therefore, these QTY variant transporters become water-soluble without requiring detergents. We present the superposed structures of these native solute carrier transporters and their water-soluble QTY variants. The superposed structures show remarkable similarity with RMSD ~ 1 Å-< 3 Å despite > 46% protein sequence substitutions in transmembrane alpha-helices. We also show the differences of surface hydrophobicity between the native solute carrier transporters and their QTY variants. Our study may further stimulate designs of water-soluble transmembrane proteins and other aggregated proteins for drug discovery and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Smorodina
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Laboratory for Computational and Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Igor Diankin
- grid.78780.300000 0004 0613 1044Department of Computer Science, American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Fei Tao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Laboratory of Food Microbial Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Rui Qing
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Laboratory of Food Microbial Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Steve Yang
- PT Metiska Farma, Daerah Khusus Ibukota, Jakarta, 12220 Indonesia
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Laboratory of Molecular Architecture, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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Asahina K. Induction of Cell Death in Pancreatic Tumors by Zinc and Its Fluorescence Chelator TSQ. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1667-1676. [PMID: 34100198 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating cancer and is the fourth-leading cause of cancer death in the USA. Zinc is abundant in the pancreas, but its role in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. The aim of this study is to determine effects of zinc chelators in pancreatic cancer. Pdx1Cre and LSL-KrasG12D mice expressing an oncogenic mutation of KRAS develop pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the pancreas. We found that EPCAM + tumors developed in the mouse pancreas store zinc that is detectable by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide (TSQ), a fluorescence chelator. EPCAM + TSQ + tumor cells isolated from the mouse pancreas formed organoids in matrigel. Upon treatment with N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (TPEN), a zinc chelator, the organoids degenerated and its negative effect was rescued by co-treatment with zinc, indicating that zinc is necessary for the growth and survival of tumor organoids. Different from TPEN, TSQ treatment did not affect the organoid growth and survival. Interestingly, co-treatment with TSQ and zinc resulted in strong emission of TSQ fluorescence in the organoid and its degeneration. The combination of zinc with TSQ, but not with TPEN, also induced cell death in PANC-1, a human pancreatic cancer cell line. These results suggest that a TSQ-zinc complex formed in pancreatic tumors induces cell death if zinc is overloaded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinji Asahina
- The Southern California Research Center for ALPD & Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., MMR 402, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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10
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circSLC41A1 Resists Porcine Granulosa Cell Apoptosis and Follicular Atresia by Promoting SRSF1 through miR-9820-5p Sponging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031509. [PMID: 35163432 PMCID: PMC8836210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis is the major cause of follicular atresia. Regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) was proved to be involved in regulatory mechanisms of GC apoptosis. circRNAs have been recognized to play important roles in cellular activity. However, the regulatory network of circRNAs in follicular atresia has not been fully validated. In this study, we report a new circRNA, circSLC41A1, which has higher expression in healthy follicles compared to atretic follicles, and confirm its circular structure using RNase R treatment. The resistant function of circSLC41A1 during GC apoptosis was detected by si-RNA transfection and the competitive binding of miR-9820-5p by circSLC41A1 and SRSF1 was detected with a dual-luciferase reporter assay and co-transfection of their inhibitors or siRNA. Additionally, we predicted the protein-coding potential of circSLC41A1 and analyzed the structure of circSLC41A1-134aa. Our study revealed that circSLC41A1 enhanced SRSF1 expression through competitive binding of miR-9820-5p and demonstrated a circSLC41A1–miR-9820-5p–SRSF1 regulatory axis in follicular GC apoptosis. The study adds to knowledge of the post-transcriptional regulation of follicular atresia and provides insight into the protein-coding function of circRNA.
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Wang L, Tang Y, Wu H, Shan G. TCF12 activates MAGT1 expression to regulate the malignant progression of pancreatic carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 23:62. [PMID: 35069871 PMCID: PMC8756560 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly malignant gastrointestinal tumor, pancreatic carcinoma (PC) has poor prognosis due to its low early diagnosis rate, advanced tumor resection and chemotherapy resistance. Magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) is a magnesium ion transporter located on the cell membrane, which shows promotive effects on biological behaviors of multiple tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of MAGT1 in the progression of PC and its potential molecular mechanism. Based on the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis website, MAGT1 was highly expressed in tissues from patients with PC and was associated with poor prognosis. In functional experiments, MAGT1 was highly expressed in PC cell lines. The Cell Counting Kit-8, gap closure and Transwell assays, and western blot analysis, were used to investigate the effects of MAGT1 overexpression or knockdown on the biological behaviors of PC cells. It was found that MAGT1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells in vitro. According to the Encyclopedia of RNA Interactomes website, transcription factor 12 (TCF12) mRNA expression level was positively correlated with MAGT1 expression level in the tissues from patients with PC. Positive targeting regulation of MAGT1 by TCF12 was also confirmed using a dual-luciferase gene reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. In addition, knockdown of TCF12 expression inhibited the proliferation and migration of PC cells, but overexpression of MAGT1 expression partly reversed this. These results suggested that TCF12 could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells by activating MAGT1 expression, which was associated with poor prognosis. These findings suggest that MAGT1 could be a promising biomarker for the occurrence, progression and prognosis of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yanjiao Tang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Sami Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Wu
- Medical Laboratory, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516008, P.R. China
| | - Guiqiu Shan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
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12
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Ginefra P, Carrasco Hope H, Spagna M, Zecchillo A, Vannini N. Ionic Regulation of T-Cell Function and Anti-Tumour Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413668. [PMID: 34948472 PMCID: PMC8705279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of T cells to identify and kill cancer cells has become a central pillar of immune-based cancer therapies. However, T cells are characterized by a dysfunctional state in most tumours. A major obstacle for proper T-cell function is the metabolic constraints posed by the tumour microenvironment (TME). In the TME, T cells compete with cancer cells for macronutrients (sugar, proteins, and lipid) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals/ions). While the role of macronutrients in T-cell activation and function is well characterized, the contribution of micronutrients and especially ions in anti-tumour T-cell activities is still under investigation. Notably, ions are important for most of the signalling pathways regulating T-cell anti-tumour function. In this review, we discuss the role of six biologically relevant ions in T-cell function and in anti-tumour immunity, elucidating potential strategies to adopt to improve immunotherapy via modulation of ion metabolism.
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Djamgoz MBA, Jentzsch V. Integrative Management of Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Emerging Complementary Agents and Modalities. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1139-1162. [PMID: 34085871 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1934043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease. The standard first-line treatment for PDAC is gemcitabine chemotherapy which, unfortunately, offers only limited chance of a lasting cure. This review further evaluates the hypothesis that the effectiveness of gemcitabine can be improved by combining it with evidence-based complementary measures. Previously, supported by clinical trial data, we suggested that a number of dietary factors and nutraceuticals can be integrated with gemcitabine therapy. Here, we evaluate a further 10 agents for which no clinical trials have (yet) been carried out but there are promising data from in vivo and/or in vitro studies including experiments involving combined treatments with gemcitabine. Two groups of complementary agents are considered: Dietary factors (resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, vitamin B9, capsaicin, quercetin and sulforaphane) and nutraceutical agents (artemisinin, garcinol, thymoquinone and emodin). In addition, we identified seven promising agents for which there is currently only basic (mostly in vitro) data. Finally, as a special case of combination therapy, we highlighted synergistic drug combinations involving gemcitabine with "repurposed" aspirin or metformin. We conclude overall that integrated management of PDAC currently is likely to produce the best outcome for patients and for this a wide range of complementary measures is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa B A Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Valerie Jentzsch
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Cheng C, Tan H, Wang N, Chen L, Meng Z, Chen Z, Feng Y. Functional inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase suppresses pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e467. [PMID: 34185423 PMCID: PMC8238920 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) a highly lethal malignancy. The current use of clinical parameters may not accurately predict the clinical outcome, which further renders the unsatisfactory therapeutic outcome. METHODS In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical-pathological characteristics and prognosis of 253 PAAD patients. Univariate, multivariate, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted to assess risk factors and clinical outcomes. For functional study, we performed bidirectional genetic manipulation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in PAAD cell lines to measure PAAD progression by both in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS LDHA is particularly overexpressed in PAAD tissues and elevated serum LDHA-transcribed isoenzymes-5 (LDH-5) was associated with poorer patients' clinical outcomes. Genetic overexpression of LDHA promoted the proliferation and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo in murine PAAD orthotopic models, while knockdown of LDHA exhibited opposite effects. LDHA-induced L-lactate production was responsible for the LDHA-facilitated PAAD progression. Mechanistically, LDHA overexpression reduced the phosphorylation of metabolic regulator AMPK and promoted the downstream mTOR phosphorylation in PAAD cells. Inhibition of mTOR repressed the LDHA-induced proliferation and invasion. A natural product berberine was selected as functional inhibitor of LDHA, which reduced activity and expression of the protein in PAAD cells. Berberine inhibited PAAD cells proliferation and invasion in vitro, and suppressed tumor progression in vivo. The restoration of LDHA attenuated the suppressive effect of berberine on PAAD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that LDHA may be a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target of human PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien‐shan Cheng
- Department of Integrative OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineSchool of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Hor‐Yue Tan
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineSchool of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Ning Wang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineSchool of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Lianyu Chen
- Department of Integrative OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Integrative OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yibin Feng
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineSchool of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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15
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Li Q, Xiong DL, Wang H, Jin WL, Ma YY, Fan XM. High Expression of SLC41A3 Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2975-2988. [PMID: 33981147 PMCID: PMC8107057 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s296187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose SLC41A3 is a member of the solute carrier family 41 (SLC41) and is involved in many cellular processes as a magnesium ion transporter. Although it plays an important role in cancer formation and development, the correlation between the expression of SLC41A3 and the occurrence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Therefore, this study was focused on the evaluation of the relationship between SLC41A3 and the development and prognosis of HCC. Patients and Methods Firstly, we collected the mRNA expression of SLC41A3 in HCC through the platform of Oncomine. Then, the subgroups of HCC were performed by the UALCAN website and the prognosis of HCC was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was used to detect SLC41A3 expression in 323 clinically confirmed HCC samples and 184 non-cancerous liver tissues. Finally, function enrichment analysis was done using the LinkInterpreter module in LinkedOmics, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using TCGA data set. Results The Oncomine database and immunohistochemical (IHC) showed higher SLC41A3 expression in HCC tissue compared to normal tissue. The expression of SLC41A3 was significantly correlated with tumor metastasis, Edmondson grade, microvascular invasion, and AFP level. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses verified that high SLC41A3 expression is a significant prognostic factor for reduced overall survival in HCC patients. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that high expression of SLC41A3 was the predictor of poor prognosis in HCC patients, suggesting that this protein may be a potential target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Lei Xiong
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wang
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Li Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanxun People's Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Nanxun Branch), Huzhou, 313009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Fan
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
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16
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Pizzagalli MD, Bensimon A, Superti‐Furga G. A guide to plasma membrane solute carrier proteins. FEBS J 2021; 288:2784-2835. [PMID: 32810346 PMCID: PMC8246967 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to serve as an introduction to the solute carrier proteins (SLC) superfamily of transporter proteins and their roles in human cells. The SLC superfamily currently includes 458 transport proteins in 65 families that carry a wide variety of substances across cellular membranes. While members of this superfamily are found throughout cellular organelles, this review focuses on transporters expressed at the plasma membrane. At the cell surface, SLC proteins may be viewed as gatekeepers of the cellular milieu, dynamically responding to different metabolic states. With altered metabolism being one of the hallmarks of cancer, we also briefly review the roles that surface SLC proteins play in the development and progression of cancer through their influence on regulating metabolism and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia D. Pizzagalli
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Ariel Bensimon
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Giulio Superti‐Furga
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Center for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaAustria
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17
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Wu Z, Xu J, Liang C, Meng Q, Hua J, Wang W, Zhang B, Liu J, Yu X, Shi S. Emerging roles of the solute carrier family in pancreatic cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e356. [PMID: 33783998 PMCID: PMC7989705 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a gastrointestinal tumor with a high mortality rate, and advances in surgical procedures have only resulted in limited improvements in the prognosis of patients. Solute carriers (SLCs), which rank second among membrane transport proteins in terms of abundance, regulate cellular functions, including tumor biology. An increasing number of studies focusing on the role of SLCs in tumor biology have indicated their relationship with pancreatic cancer. The mechanism of SLC transporters in tumorigenesis has been explored to identify more effective therapies and improve survival outcomes. These transporters are significant biomarkers for pancreatic cancer, the functions of which include mainly proliferative signaling, cell death, angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis, energy metabolism, chemotherapy sensitivity and other functions in tumor biology. In this review, we summarize the different roles of SLCs and explain their potential applications in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Roy S, Singh AP, Gupta D. Unsupervised subtyping and methylation landscape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06000. [PMID: 33521362 PMCID: PMC7820567 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive form of pancreatic cancer that typically manifests itself at an advanced stage and does not respond to most treatment modalities. The survival rate of a PDAC patient is less than 5%, with a median survival of just a couple of months. A better understanding of the molecular pathology of PDAC is needed to guide research for the development of better clinical treatment modalities for PDAC patients. Gene expression studies performed to date have identified different subtypes of PDAC with prognostic and clinical relevance. Subtypes identified to date are highly heterogeneous since pancreatic cancer is heterogeneous cancer. Tumor microenvironment and stroma constitute a major chunk of PDAC and contribute to the heterogeneity. Better subtyping methods are need of the hour for better prognosis and classification of PDAC for future personalized treatment. In this work, we have performed an integrated analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression datasets to provide better mechanistic and molecular insights into Pancreatic cancers, especially PDAC. The use of varied and diverse datasets has provided valuable insights into different cancer types and can play an integral role in revealing the complex nature of underlying biological mechanisms. We performed subtyping of TCGA-PAAD gene expression and methylation datasets into different subtypes using state-of-the-art normalization methods and unsupervised clustering methods that reveal latent hidden factors, leading to additional insights for subtyping. Differential expression and differential methylation were performed for each of the subtypes obtained from clustering. Our analysis gave a consensus of five cluster solution with relevant pathways like MAPK, MET. The five subtypes corresponded to the tumor and stromal subtypes. This analysis helps in distinguishing and identifying different subtypes based on enriched putative genes. These results help propose novel experimentally-verifiable PDAC subtyping and demonstrate that using varied data sets and integrated methods can contribute to disease prognostication and precision medicine in PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Roy
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amar Pratap Singh
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Mg 2+ Transporters in Digestive Cancers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010210. [PMID: 33450887 PMCID: PMC7828344 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite magnesium (Mg2+) representing the second most abundant cation in the cell, its role in cellular physiology and pathology is far from being elucidated. Mg2+ homeostasis is regulated by Mg2+ transporters including Mitochondrial RNA Splicing Protein 2 (MRS2), Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M, Member 6/7 (TRPM6/7), Magnesium Transporter 1 (MAGT1), Solute Carrier Family 41 Member 1 (SCL41A1), and Cyclin and CBS Domain Divalent Metal Cation Transport Mediator (CNNM) proteins. Recent data show that Mg2+ transporters may regulate several cancer cell hallmarks. In this review, we describe the expression of Mg2+ transporters in digestive cancers, the most common and deadliest malignancies worldwide. Moreover, Mg2+ transporters’ expression, correlation and impact on patient overall and disease-free survival is analyzed using Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Finally, we discuss the role of these Mg2+ transporters in the regulation of cancer cell fates and oncogenic signaling pathways.
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20
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Inhibition of Mg 2+ Extrusion Attenuates Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092768. [PMID: 32927908 PMCID: PMC7551965 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium plays important roles in the nervous system. An increase in the Mg2+ concentration in cerebrospinal fluid enhances neural functions, while Mg2+ deficiency is implicated in neuronal diseases in the central nervous system. We have previously demonstrated that high concentrations of glutamate induce excitotoxicity and elicit a transient increase in the intracellular concentration of Mg2+ due to the release of Mg2+ from mitochondria, followed by a decrease to below steady-state levels. Since Mg2+ deficiency is involved in neuronal diseases, this decrease presumably affects neuronal survival under excitotoxic conditions. However, the mechanism of the Mg2+ decrease and its effect on the excitotoxicity process have not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that inhibitors of Mg2+ extrusion, quinidine and amiloride, attenuated glutamate excitotoxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. A toxic concentration of glutamate induced both Mg2+ release from mitochondria and Mg2+ extrusion from cytosol, and both quinidine and amiloride suppressed only the extrusion. This resulted in the maintenance of a higher Mg2+ concentration in the cytosol than under steady-state conditions during the ten-minute exposure to glutamate. These inhibitors also attenuated the glutamate-induced depression of cellular energy metabolism. Our data indicate the importance of Mg2+ regulation in neuronal survival under excitotoxicity.
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21
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Liu J, Zhang S, Dai W, Xie C, Li JC. A Comprehensive Prognostic and Immune Analysis of SLC41A3 in Pan-Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:586414. [PMID: 33520701 PMCID: PMC7841432 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.586414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC41A3, as a member of the 41st family of solute carriers, participates in the transport of magnesium. The role of SLC41A3 in cancer prognosis and immune regulation has rarely been reported. This study was designed to analyze the expression status and prognostic significance of SLC41A3 in pan-cancers. The mRNA expression profiles of SLC41A3 were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), the Broad Institute Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). The Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SLC41A3 in pan-cancer. Furthermore, the correlation between SLC41A3 expression and immune cells infiltration, immune checkpoint, mismatch repair (MMR), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) were calculated using data form TCGA database. The results showed that the expression of SLC41A3 was down-regulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and was associated with poor overall survival and tumor-specific mortality. Whereas, the expression of SLC41A3 was up-regulated in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and the results of Cox regression analysis revealed that SLC41A3 was an independent factor for LIHC prognosis. Meanwhile, a nomogram including SLC41A3 and stage was built and exhibited good predictive power for the overall survival of LIHC patients. Additionally, correlation analysis suggested a significant correlation between SLC41A3 and TMB, MSI, MMR, DNMT, and immune cells infiltration in various cancers. The overall survival and disease-specific survival analysis revealed that the combined SLC41A3 expression and immune cell score, TMB, and MSI were significantly associated with clinical outcomes in ACC, LIHC, and UVM patients. Therefore, we proposed that SLC41A3 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Shanqiang Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Chongwei Xie
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Cheng Li,
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22
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Trapani V, Wolf FI. Dysregulation of Mg2+ homeostasis contributes to acquisition of cancer hallmarks. Cell Calcium 2019; 83:102078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jiang J, Liu R, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Qi R, Chen S, Zhang X, Xi Y, Guo Q, Zheng H, Hua B. Study on the treatment of pancreatic cancer with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine: A study protocol of a multicenter prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17975. [PMID: 31764804 PMCID: PMC6882619 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which leads to a poor prognosis and a low survival rate. At present, treatment options for pancreatic cancer are limited, so it is vital to explore new treatments and strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important method for cancer prevention and treatment in China. We will conduct a multicenter, prospective cohort study to evaluate the survival and quality of life of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, further refine the core pathogenesis of TCM for pancreatic cancer, form a core prescription, and provide clinical data support for the clinical plan of integrated treatment of pancreatic cancer using Chinese and Western medicine; this will aid in the development of the best comprehensive treatment plan for patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will recruit patients with stage 3 to 4 pancreatic cancer in 12 medical units from April 2019 to June 2020. Patients will be divided into a Western medicine treatment group and an integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment group, with a total of 148 patients. Overall survival is the main efficacy index, while the secondary efficacy indexes are progression-free survival, tumor markers, TCM symptom grading scale, quality of life assessment, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, and imaging assessment. A follow-up will be performed every 6 weeks ±1 week. The end point is the death of the patient or the end of the study (October 31, 2021). Statistical analysis will be performed using Statistical Packages of Social Sciences software (SPSS). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This work was supported by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and approved by the ethics committee of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (Approval No. 2019-016-KY). All patients will sign a written informed consent prior to data collection. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations and will be openly shared after completion of the trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR1900022632, pre-registration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juling Jiang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Rui Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Runzhi Qi
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Shuntai Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Yupeng Xi
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Baojin Hua
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
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