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Gareev I, Beylerli O, Ilyasova T, Ahmad A, Shi H, Chekhonin V. Therapeutic application of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in myocardial infarction. iScience 2024; 27:109791. [PMID: 38736548 PMCID: PMC11088339 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The insufficiency of natural regeneration processes in higher organisms, including humans, underlies myocardial infarction (MI), which is one of the main causes of disability and mortality in the population of developed countries. The solution to this problem lies in the field of revealing the mechanisms of regeneration and creating on this basis new technologies for stimulating endogenous regenerative processes or replacing lost parts of tissues and organs with transplanted cells. Of great interest is the use of the so-called stromal vascular fraction (SVF), derived from autologous adipose tissue. It is known that the main functions of SVF are angiogenetic, antiapoptotic, antifibrotic, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, and trophic. This study presents data on the possibility of using SVF, targeted regulation of its properties and reparative potential, as well as the results of research studies on its use for the restoration of damaged ischemic tissue after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz Gareev
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russian Federation
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russian Federation
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 1500, China
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Tracy EP, Nair R, Rowe G, Beare JE, Beyer A, LeBlanc AJ. Adipose stromal vascular fraction reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperfission in aging-induced coronary microvascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H749-H762. [PMID: 36018760 PMCID: PMC9529257 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00311.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with blunted coronary microvascular vasodilatory function. Previously, systemically administered adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) therapy reversed aging-induced attenuation of β1-adrenergic- and flow-mediated dilation dependent on reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that SVF-mediated recovery of microvascular dilatory function is dependent on recovery of mitochondrial function, specifically by reducing mitochondrial hyperfission. Female Fischer-344 rats were allocated into young control, old control, and old + SVF therapy groups. Pressure myography, immunofluorescent staining, Western blot analysis, and RNA sequencing were performed to determine coronary microvascular mitochondrial dynamics and function. Gene and protein expression of fission-mediator DRP-1 was enhanced with aging but reversed by SVF therapy. SVF facilitated an increase in fusion-mediator MFN-1 gene and protein expression. Mitochondrial morphology was characterized as rod-like and densely networked in young controls, isolated circular and punctate with aging, and less circularity with partially restored mitochondrial branch density with SVF therapy. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP bioavailability in aged animals at baseline and during flow-mediated dilation were reversed by SVF and accompanied with enhanced oxygen consumption. Dilation to norepinephrine and flow in young controls were dependent on uninhibited mitochondrial fusion, whereas inhibiting fission did not restore aged microvessel response to norepinephrine or flow. SVF-mediated recovery of β-adrenergic function was dependent on uninhibited mitochondrial fusion, whereas recovery of flow-mediated dilation was dependent on maintained mitochondrial fission. Impaired dilation in aging is mitigated by SVF therapy, which recovers mitochondrial function and fission/fusion balance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We elucidated the consequences of aging on coronary microvascular mitochondrial health as well as SVF's ability to reverse these effects. Aging shifts gene/protein expression and mitochondrial morphology indicating hyperfission, alongside attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP bioavailability, all reversed using SVF therapy. Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels correlated with vasodilatory efficiency. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a contributing pathological factor in aging that can be targeted by therapeutic SVF to preserve microvascular dilative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rajeev Nair
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jason E Beare
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Rowe G, Heng DS, Beare JE, Hodges NA, Tracy EP, Murfee WL, LeBlanc AJ. Stromal Vascular Fraction Reverses the Age-Related Impairment in Revascularization following Injury. J Vasc Res 2022; 59:343-357. [PMID: 36075199 PMCID: PMC9780192 DOI: 10.1159/000526002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) has emerged as a potential regenerative therapy, but few studies utilize SVF in a setting of advanced age. Additionally, the specific cell population in SVF providing therapeutic benefit is unknown. We hypothesized that aging would alter the composition of cell populations present in SVF and its ability to promote angiogenesis following injury, a mechanism that is T cell-mediated. SVF isolated from young and old Fischer 344 rats was examined with flow cytometry for cell composition. Mesenteric windows from old rats were isolated following exteriorization-induced (EI) hypoxic injury and intravenous injection of one of four cell therapies: (1) SVF from young or (2) old donors, (3) SVF from old donors depleted of or (4) enriched for T cells. Advancing age increased the SVF T-cell population but reduced revascularization following injury. Both young and aged SVF incorporated throughout the host mesenteric microvessels, but only young SVF significantly increased vascular area following EI. This study highlights the effect of donor age on SVF angiogenic efficacy and demonstrates how the ex vivo mesenteric-window model can be used in conjunction with SVF therapy to investigate its contribution to angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rowe
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA,
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA,
| | - David S Heng
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nicholas A Hodges
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Evan P Tracy
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Cell therapy-induced recovery of dysfunctional microvasculature. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5296-5298. [PMID: 35832022 PMCID: PMC9320541 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tracy EP, Stielberg V, Rowe G, Benson D, Nunes SS, Hoying JB, Murfee WL, LeBlanc AJ. State of the field: cellular and exosomal therapeutic approaches in vascular regeneration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H647-H680. [PMID: 35179976 PMCID: PMC8957327 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00674.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathologies of the vasculature including the microvasculature are often complex in nature, leading to loss of physiological homeostatic regulation of patency and adequate perfusion to match tissue metabolic demands. Microvascular dysfunction is a key underlying element in the majority of pathologies of failing organs and tissues. Contributing pathological factors to this dysfunction include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress, endothelial dysfunction, loss of angiogenic potential and vascular density, and greater senescence and apoptosis. In many clinical settings, current pharmacologic strategies use a single or narrow targeted approach to address symptoms of pathology rather than a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to address their root cause. To address this, efforts have been heavily focused on cellular therapies and cell-free therapies (e.g., exosomes) that can tackle the multifaceted etiology of vascular and microvascular dysfunction. In this review, we discuss 1) the state of the field in terms of common therapeutic cell population isolation techniques, their unique characteristics, and their advantages and disadvantages, 2) common molecular mechanisms of cell therapies to restore vascularization and/or vascular function, 3) arguments for and against allogeneic versus autologous applications of cell therapies, 4) emerging strategies to optimize and enhance cell therapies through priming and preconditioning, and, finally, 5) emerging strategies to bolster therapeutic effect. Relevant and recent clinical and animal studies using cellular therapies to restore vascular function or pathologic tissue health by way of improved vascularization are highlighted throughout these sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Virginia Stielberg
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel Benson
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sara S Nunes
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James B Hoying
- Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Manchester, New Hampshire
| | - Walter Lee Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Tracy EP, Hughes W, Beare JE, Rowe G, Beyer A, LeBlanc AJ. Aging-Induced Impairment of Vascular Function: Mitochondrial Redox Contributions and Physiological/Clinical Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:974-1015. [PMID: 34314229 PMCID: PMC8905248 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The vasculature responds to the respiratory needs of tissue by modulating luminal diameter through smooth muscle constriction or relaxation. Coronary perfusion, diastolic function, and coronary flow reserve are drastically reduced with aging. This loss of blood flow contributes to and exacerbates pathological processes such as angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery and microvascular disease. Recent Advances: Increased attention has recently been given to defining mechanisms behind aging-mediated loss of vascular function and development of therapeutic strategies to restore youthful vascular responsiveness. The ultimate goal aims at providing new avenues for symptom management, reversal of tissue damage, and preventing or delaying of aging-induced vascular damage and dysfunction in the first place. Critical Issues: Our major objective is to describe how aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction via dysregulated reactive oxygen species production, the clinical impact of this phenomenon, and to discuss emerging therapeutic strategies. Pathological changes in regulation of mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative balance (Section 1) and mitochondrial dynamics of fission/fusion (Section 2) have widespread effects on the mechanisms underlying the ability of the vasculature to relax, leading to hyperconstriction with aging. We will focus on flow-mediated dilation, endothelial hyperpolarizing factors (Sections 3 and 4), and adrenergic receptors (Section 5), as outlined in Figure 1. The clinical implications of these changes on major adverse cardiac events and mortality are described (Section 6). Future Directions: We discuss antioxidative therapeutic strategies currently in development to restore mitochondrial redox homeostasis and subsequently vascular function and evaluate their potential clinical impact (Section 7). Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 974-1015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - William Hughes
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Rowe G, Tracy E, Beare JE, LeBlanc AJ. Cell therapy rescues aging-induced beta-1 adrenergic receptor and GRK2 dysfunction in the coronary microcirculation. GeroScience 2021; 44:329-348. [PMID: 34608562 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our past study showed that coronary arterioles isolated from adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF)-treated rats showed amelioration of the age-related decrease in vasodilation to beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonist and improved β-AR-dependent coronary flow and microvascular function in a model of advanced age. We hypothesized that intravenously (i.v.) injected SVF improves coronary microvascular function in aged rats by re-establishing the equilibrium of the negative regulators of the internal adrenergic signaling cascade, G-protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and G-alpha inhibitory (Gαi) proteins, back to youthful levels. Female Fischer-344 rats aged young (3 months, n = 24), old (24 months, n = 26), and old animals that received 1 × 107 green fluorescent protein (GFP+) SVF cells (O + SVF, n = 11) 4 weeks prior to sacrifice were utilized. Overnight urine was collected prior to sacrifice for catecholamine measurements. Cardiac samples were used for western blotting while coronary arterioles were isolated for pressure myography studies, immunofluorescence staining, and RNA sequencing. Coronary microvascular levels of the β1 adrenergic receptor are decreased with advancing age, but this decreased expression was rescued by SVF treatment. Aging led to a decrease in phosphorylated GRK2 in cardiomyocytes vs. young control with restoration of phosphorylation status by SVF. In vessels, there was no change in genetic transcription (RNAseq) or protein expression (immunofluorescence); however, inhibition of GRK2 (paroxetine) led to improved vasodilation to norepinephrine in the old control (OC) and O + SVF, indicating greater GRK2 functional inhibition of β1-AR in aging. SVF works to improve adrenergic-mediated vasodilation by restoring the β1-AR population and mitigating signal cascade inhibitors to improve vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rowe
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Evan Tracy
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Amanda J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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Lindsey ML, Kassiri Z, Hansell Keehan K, Brunt KR, Carter JR, Kirk JA, Kleinbongard P, LeBlanc AJ, Ripplinger CM. We are the change we seek. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1411-H1414. [PMID: 33710925 PMCID: PMC8260391 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00090.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merry L. Lindsey
- 1Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska,2Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- 3Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kara Hansell Keehan
- 4American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Keith R. Brunt
- 5Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jason R. Carter
- 6Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Jonathan A. Kirk
- 7Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- 8Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Amanda J. LeBlanc
- 9Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Crystal M. Ripplinger
- 10Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
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Kelm NQ, Beare JE, Weber GJ, LeBlanc AJ. Thrombospondin-1 mediates Drp-1 signaling following ischemia reperfusion in the aging heart. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:304-314. [PMID: 32395703 PMCID: PMC7211039 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury leads to activation of dynamin-related protein (Drp-1), causing mitochondrial fission and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the molecular mechanisms that activate Drp-1 are not known. The purpose of this study was to establish a link between Thbs-1 and fission protein (Drp-1) through Pgc-1α following IR in advancing age. METHODS Female Fischer-344 rats were divided into four groups: Young Control, Young + IR, Old Control, and Old + IR. Heart function and coronary flow were evaluated at baseline and 72 hours after IR, hearts were explanted and mitochondrial ROS generation was measured using MitoPY1, as well as protein levels of Thbs-1, Pgc-1α, and Drp-1. In vitro, rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC) were treated with siRNA or plasmid for Pgc-1α to evaluate Pgc-1α effect on Drp-1. RESULTS Mitochondrial ROS generation in heart tissue increased in both age groups following IR. Old animals exhibited diastolic dysfunction at baseline; after IR they displayed reduced systolic function and exacerbated diastolic dysfunction compared to young controls. IR increased Thbs-1 and Drp-1 expression in young and old hearts compared to control. siRNA to Pgc-1α enhanced levels of Drp-1 in RAECs and increased ROS generation after hypoxia, while Pgc-1α plasmid ameliorates Drp-1 expression in the presence of exogenous Thbs-1. CONCLUSION These results highlight a novel signaling pathway by which Thbs-1 regulates mitochondrial fission protein (Drp-1) and ROS generation during hypoxia, and presumably, following IR. Inhibiting Thbs-1 immediately after IR may prevent Drp-1-mediated mitochondrial fission and is likely to improve the diastolic function of the heart by reducing ROS-mediated cardiomyocyte damage in the aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natia Q. Kelm
- Cardiovascular Innovation InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Jason E. Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | | | - Amanda J. LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
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