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Bernasconi R, Kuster GM. Non-coding RNAs and their potential exploitation in cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38802331 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy in cancer patients has been extended in recent years, thanks to major breakthroughs in therapeutic developments. However, this also unmasked an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases in cancer survivors, which is in part attributable to cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have received much appreciation due to their impact on gene expression. NcRNAs, which include microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, are non-protein-coding transcripts that are involved in the regulation of various biological processes, hence shaping cell identity and behaviour. They have also been implicated in disease development, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer and, more recently, cancer therapy-associated cardiotoxicity. This review outlines key features of cancer therapy-associated cardiotoxicity, what is known about the roles of ncRNAs in these processes and how ncRNAs could be exploited as therapeutic targets for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bernasconi
- Myocardial Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Kuster
- Myocardial Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Zhang H, Li Y. Potential roles of PIWI-interacting RNAs in breast cancer, a new therapeutic strategy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155318. [PMID: 38688203 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has been the focus of numerous studies aimed at identifying novel biological markers for its early detection. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a subset of small non-coding RNAs, have emerged as potential markers due to their aberrant expression in various cancers. PiRNAs have recently gained attention due to their aberrant expression in various cancers, including BC. PiRNAs, exhibit diverse biological activities, such as epigenetic regulation of gene and protein expression and their association with cell proliferation and metastasis has been well-established. As the field of non-coding RNAs rapidly evolves, there is great anticipation that therapies targeting piRNAs will advance swiftly. This review will delve into the various biological functions of piRNAs, such as gene suppression, transposon silencing, and epigenetic regulation of genes. The review will also highlight the role of piRNAs as either progenitors or suppressors in cancers, with a particular focus on BC. Lastly, it will touch upon the potential of piRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Taghizadeh M, Jafari-Koshki T, Jafarlou V, Raeisi M, Alizadeh L, Roosta Y, Matin S, Jabari R, Sur D, Karimi A. The role of piRNAs in predicting and prognosing in cancer: a focus on piRNA-823 (a systematic review and meta-analysis). BMC Cancer 2024; 24:484. [PMID: 38627675 PMCID: PMC11022431 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article examines the potential of using liquid biopsy with piRNAs to study cancer survival outcomes. While previous studies have explored the relationship between piRNA expression and cancer patient outcomes, a comprehensive investigation is still lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature. METHODS We searched major online databases up to February 2024 to identify articles reporting on the role of piRNA in cancer patient survival outcomes. Our meta-analysis used a random-effects model to pool hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and assess the prognostic value of deregulated piRNA-823. For survival analysis, the Kaplan-Meier method and COX analysis were used. RESULTS Out of 6104 articles screened, 20 met our inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed that dysregulated piRNA expression is associated with cancer patient survival outcomes. Specifically, our meta-analysis found that overexpression of piR-823 is significantly linked with poorer overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer and renal cell cancer (HR: 3.82, 95% CI = [1.81, 8.04], I2 = 70%). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that various piRNAs may play a role in cancer survival outcomes and that piRNA-823 in particular holds promise as a prognostic biomarker for multiple human cancers. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Our systematic review and meta-analysis of piRNA-823 has important implications for cancer survivors. Our findings suggest that piRNA-823 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for predicting cancer recurrence and survival rates. This information can help clinicians develop personalized treatment plans for cancer survivors, which can improve their quality of life and reduce the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614756, Iran
| | - Tohid Jafari-Koshki
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Vahid Jafarlou
- Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
| | - Mortaza Raeisi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Leila Alizadeh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Yousef Roosta
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 5714783734, Iran
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 5714783734, Iran
- Hematology, Immune Cell Therapy, and Stem Cells Transplantation Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 5714783734, Iran
| | - Somaieh Matin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 8599156189, Iran
| | - Rahele Jabari
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medical Science, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, 5714783734, Iran
| | - Daniel Sur
- Department of Oncology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricu¸tă", Cluj-Napoca, 400015, Romania.
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricu ̧t ̆a", 400015 Str. Republicii 34-36, Cluj-Napoca, 400006, Romania.
| | - Abbas Karimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614756, Iran.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St., Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, 5166614756, Iran.
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Kaldis P, Zhao LN. Molecular basis of the reaction mechanism of the methyltransferase HENMT1. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293243. [PMID: 38198468 PMCID: PMC10781085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are important for ensuring the integrity of the germline. 3'-terminal 2'-O-methylation is essential for piRNA maturation and to protect them from degradation. HENMT1 (HEN Methyltransferase 1) carries out the 2'-O-methylation, which is of key importance for piRNA stability and functionality. However, neither the structure nor the catalytic mechanism of mammalian HENMT1 have been studied. We have constructed a catalytic-competent HENMT1 complex using computational approaches, in which Mg2+ is primarily coordinated by four evolutionary conserved residues, and is further auxiliary coordinated by the 3'-O and 2'-O on the 3'-terminal nucleotide of the piRNA. Our study suggests that metal has limited effects on substrate and cofactor binding but is essential for catalysis. The reaction consists of deprotonation of the 2'-OH to 2'-O and a methyl transfer from SAM to the 2'-O. The methyl transfer is spontaneous and fast. Our in-depth analysis suggests that the 2'-OH may be deprotonated before entering the active site or it may be partially deprotonated at the active site by His800 and Asp859, which are in a special alignment that facilitates the proton transfer out of the active site. Furthermore, we have developed a detailed potential reaction scenario indicating that HENMT1 is Mg2+ utilizing but is not a Mg2+ dependent enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Li Na Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
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Mohammadpour S, Noukabadi FN, Esfahani AT, Kazemi F, Esmaeili S, Zafarjafarzadeh N, Sarpash S, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E. Non-coding RNAs in Precursor Lesions of Colorectal Cancer: Their Role in Cancer Initiation and Formation. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:565-575. [PMID: 37226783 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230523155719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the world's most common types of malignancy. The proliferation of precancerous lesions causes this type of cancer. Two distinct pathways for CRC carcinogenesis have been identified: the conventional adenoma-carcinoma pathway and the serrated neoplasia pathway. Recently, evidence has demonstrated the regulatory roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the initiation and progression of precancerous lesions, especially in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway and serrated neoplasia pathway. By expanding the science of molecular genetics and bioinformatics, several studies have identified dysregulated ncRNAs that function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in cancer initiation and formation by diverse mechanisms via intracellular signaling pathways known to act on tumor cells. However, many of their roles are still unclear. This review summarizes the functions and mechanisms of ncRNAs (such as long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, long intergenic non-coding RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and circRNAs) in the initiation and formation of precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mohammadpour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naderi Noukabadi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Torshizi Esfahani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Esmaeili
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Zafarjafarzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedKasra Sarpash
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Q, Chen P, Wang X, Song X, Sun F. Response to the letter to editor regarding "piR-36249 and DHX36 together inhibit testicular cancer cells progression by upregulating OAS2". Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:591-592. [PMID: 37675270 PMCID: PMC10477800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Peize Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226018, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
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Liu S, Yan Y, Cui Z, Feng H, Zhong F, Liu Z, Li Y, Ou X, Li W. Relationship between PIWIL1 gene polymorphisms and epithelial ovarian cancer susceptibility among southern Chinese woman: a three-center case-control study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1149. [PMID: 38012622 PMCID: PMC10680212 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential correlation between piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1 (PIWIL1) polymorphisms and susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of EOC using multinomial logistic regression analysis. The study analyzed the relationship between five functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PIWIL1 gene and EOC risk. Genotyping of 288 cases and 361 healthy samples from South China was identified using a TaqMan assay. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the relationship between the five selected SNPs and EOC susceptibility. RESULTS Among the five SNPs analyzed, the rs10848087 G > A and rs7957349 G > C variants significantly increased the susceptibility of EOC, rs10773771 C > T was associated with a decreased risk of EOC, while the rs35997018 and rs1106042 variants were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p < 0.05). The rs10848087 G > A was significantly associated with increased risk of EOC in individuals with metastasis, FIGO stage I and III, low and high pathological grade, tumor numbers ≤ 3 and > 3, tumor size > 3 cm and ≤ 3 cm, pregnant more than 3 times, pre-menopausal status, and strong positive expression of ER (estrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor), PAX8 (paired-box 8), wild-type p53 (tumor protein 53), WT1 (Wilm's tumor gene), P16 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A). In addition, rs10848087 G > A enhanced the EOC risk of cases with negative/mild positive expression of wild p53 and Ki67, and with or without mutant p53 expression. The rs7957349 G > C variant was linked to an increased risk of EOC in subgroups with certain characteristics, including age equal or less than 53 years, metastasis, clinical stage I, low pathological grade, tumor number, tumor size, pregnant times, post-menopause, pre-menopause, and strong positive expression of wild p53 and Ki67 (Antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67), as well as without mutant p53 expression. The rs10773771 CT/TT alleles were identified to have a protective effect on EOC in women aged 53 years or older, as well as in cases with metastasis, advanced clinical stage, high pathological grade, multiple tumors, tumor size equal to or less than 3 cm, history of pregnancy, post-menopausal status, and strong positive expression of ER, PR, wild-type p53, PAX8, WT1, P16, and Ki67. Furthermore, rs10773771 CT/TT also showed a protective effect in patients with negative or mildly positive expression of PR, PAX8, wild-type p53, WT1, and P16, as well as positive expression of mutant p53. Compared to the reference haplotype GCG, individuals harboring haplotypes GTG were found to have a significantly decreased susceptibility to EOC. PIWIL1 was significantly expressed in the thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands with rs7957349 CC alleles. CONCLUSIONS PIWIL1 rs10848087 and rs7957349 were associated with increased risk of EOC, while rs10773771 may have a protective effect against EOC. These genetic variants may serve as potential biomarkers for EOC susceptibility in the South China population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haipeng Feng
- Department of Pathology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengmei Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziguang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Ou
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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Liu Q, Chen Q, Zhou Z, Tian Z, Zheng X, Wang K. piRNA-18 Inhibition Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion in Colorectal Cancer. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:1881-1897. [PMID: 36879083 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Evidences indicate that piRNA-18 are closely involved and contributed to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Therefore, it is very necessary to investigate the effects of piRNA-18 on the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of colorectal cancer cells, so as to provide theoretical basis for finding new biomarkers and accurate diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Here, Five pairs of colorectal cancer tissue samples and their corresponding adjacent samples were analyzed by real-time immunofluorescence quantitative PCR and the difference in piRNA-18 expression among colorectal cancer cell lines was further verified. MTT assay were used to study the changes in the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell lines after piRNA-18 overexpression. Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were used to study the changes in migration and invasion. Flow cytometry were used to study the changes in apoptosis and cycle. SC inoculation of colorectal cancer cell lines into nude mice were used to observe the effect in the proliferation. piRNA-18 was lowlier expressed than adjacent tissues and normal intestinal mucosal epithelial cells in colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer cell line. After overexpression of piRNA-18, cell proliferation and migration as well as invasiveness in SW480 and LOVO cells decreased. The cell lines with piRNA-18 overexpression had obvious G1/S phase arrest in cell cycle, and the weight and volume of subcutaneously transplanted tumors are decreased. Our findings highlighted that piRNA-18 may play an inhibitory role in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Emergency Center, No. 90 Pingchuan Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Tian
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximin Zheng
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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Taverna S, Masucci A, Cammarata G. PIWI-RNAs Small Noncoding RNAs with Smart Functions: Potential Theranostic Applications in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3912. [PMID: 37568728 PMCID: PMC10417041 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a new class of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that bind components of the PIWI protein family. piRNAs are specifically expressed in different human tissues and regulate important signaling pathways. Aberrant expressions of piRNAs and PIWI proteins have been associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recent studies reported that piRNAs are contained in extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized lipid particles, with key roles in cell-cell communication. EVs contain several bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, including emerging ncRNAs. EVs are one of the components of liquid biopsy (LB) a non-invasive method for detecting specific molecular biomarkers in liquid samples. LB could become a crucial tool for cancer diagnosis with piRNAs as biomarkers in a precision oncology approach. This review summarizes the current findings on the roles of piRNAs in different cancer types, focusing on potential theranostic applications of piRNAs contained in EVs (EV-piRNAs). Their roles as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as new therapeutic options have been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Taverna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Masucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Cammarata
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Zhang K, Li Y, Huang Y, Sun K. PiRNA in Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on Cardiac Remodeling and Cardiac Protection. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:768-777. [PMID: 37407865 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common causes of death, which take about 18.6 million lives worldwide every year. Currently, exploring strategies that delay ventricular remodeling, reduce cardiomyocyte death, and promote cardiomyocyte regeneration has been the hotspot and difficulty of the ischemic heart disease (IHD) research field. Previous studies indicate that piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of cardiac remodeling and may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cardiac repair. The best-known biological function of piRNA is to silence transposons in cells. In the cardiovascular system, piRNA is known to participate in cardiac progenitor cell proliferation, AKT pathway regulation, and cardiac remodeling and decompensation. In this review, we systematically discuss the research progress on piRNA in CVDs, especially the mechanism of cardiac remodeling and the potential functions in cardiac protection, which provides new insights for the progress and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) is one of the noncoding RNAs, with the best -known biological function to silence transposons in cells. Now piRNA is found to participate in cardiac progenitor cell proliferation, AKT pathway regulation, cardiac remodeling and decompensation, which implies the potential of piRNA in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Over expression of piRNA could promote cardiac apoptosis and cardiac hypertrophy, thus targeted therapy which inhibits expression of associated piRNA may reduce cardiac remodeling and reduce inflammation caused by necrotic cardiomyocytes. PiRNA is also speculated to participate in the proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells, implying the potential to induce cardiac regeneration th erapy, which provides new insights for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. At present, the treatment strategy of cardiac remodeling emphasizes the control of risk factors, prevention of disease progression and individualized treatment. With further studies in mechanism of piRNA, potential therapies above may come true and more therapies in cardiovascular diseases may be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Kabzinski J, Kucharska-Lusina A, Majsterek I. RNA-Based Liquid Biopsy in Head and Neck Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:1916. [PMID: 37508579 PMCID: PMC10377854 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a prevalent and diverse group of malignancies with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection and monitoring of HNC are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Liquid biopsy, a non-invasive diagnostic approach, has emerged as a promising tool for cancer detection and monitoring. In this article, we review the application of RNA-based liquid biopsy in HNC. Various types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), are explored as potential biomarkers in HNC liquid-based diagnostics. The roles of RNAs in HNC diagnosis, metastasis, tumor resistance to radio and chemotherapy, and overall prognosis are discussed. RNA-based liquid biopsy holds great promise for the early detection, prognosis, and personalized treatment of HNC. Further research and validation are necessary to translate these findings into clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kabzinski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kucharska-Lusina
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Nayak R, Chattopadhyay T, Gupta P, Mallick B. Integrative analysis of small non-coding RNAs predicts a piRNA/miRNA-CCND1/BRAF/HRH1/ATXN3 regulatory circuit that drives oncogenesis in glioblastoma. Mol Omics 2023; 19:252-261. [PMID: 36688618 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00245k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The high-grade astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most common primary tumour of the brain, known for being aggressive and developing drug resistance. The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), have critical functions in tumorigenesis and cancer drug resistance. Hence, we profiled miRNAs, piRNAs, and genes in U-87 MG GBM cells by next-generation sequencing and performed target prediction, pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction, co-expression studies, and qRT-PCR validations to predict their possible roles in the malignancy. The study identified 335 miRNAs, 665 piRNAs, and 4286 genes differentially expressed (DE) in GBM. Among them 128 DE genes (DEGs) were targeted by both miRNAs and piRNAs, while 1817 and 192 were targeted solely by miRNAs or piRNAs, respectively. Interestingly, all the DEG targets enriched in cancer processes were overexpressed in GBM. Among these, BRAF was solely targeted by two piRNAs and this was found to be co-expressed with 19 sole targets of 5 miRNAs, including CCND1, and both were found to regulate cell proliferation in cancer. We conjectured that upregulated HRH1 and ATXN3 were targeted by both piRNAs and miRNAs, and along with BRAF and CCND1 might induce cell proliferation in GBM through G-protein-coupled receptor or Akt signalling pathways due to downregulation of the respective targeting small RNAs. These targets were also linked to the progression and overall survival of GBM patients, suggesting that they could be used as biomarkers. Overall, this study has identified a few novel ncRNA targets, which might aid in a better understanding of GBM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojalin Nayak
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Trisha Chattopadhyay
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Pooja Gupta
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Bibekanand Mallick
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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13
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Nasseri S, Sharifi M, Mehrzad V. Effects of hsa-piR-32877 Suppression with Antisense LNA GapmeRs on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2023; 12:18-29. [PMID: 37942262 PMCID: PMC10629728 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.12.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an invasive form of hematologic malignancies which results in the overproduction of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. Aberrant expression of piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) which belong to small non-coding RNAs, play important roles in different cancer cells' progress. hsa- piR- 32877 is up-regulated in AML. Down regulation of hsa-piR-32877 by antisense LNA GapmeRs could be potential for suppression of myeloid cell proliferation and induce myeloid cell apoptosis. We have blocked the expression of hsa-piR-32877 by antisense LNA GapmeRs in human bone marrow blast cells, and the M-07e cell line. Samples were transfected with antisense LNA GapmeRs at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to investigate the expression of hsa-piR-32877, CASP3, and CASP9. Both CASP3 and CASP9 play important roles in apoptosis. Cell proliferation was studied via CFSE (carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester) assay. Results showed that hsa-piR-32877 was down-regulated by antisense LNA GapmeRs in the patient and cell line samples. Also, after transfection, cell proliferation and apoptosis decreased and increased, respectively. Our data suggested that hsa-piR-32877 suppression may act as a novel therapeutic method for the inhibition of human leukemic cells proliferation in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Nasseri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Valiollah Mehrzad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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14
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Jian Z, Han Y, Li H. Potential roles of PIWI-interacting RNAs in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944403. [PMID: 36324572 PMCID: PMC9618814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality in the world today. Emerging evidence suggests that PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in various human cancers, including lung cancer. Despite of the poorly understood mechanism, piRNAs may work as carcinogenic roles or tumor suppressors by engaging in a variety of cancer-associated signaling pathways. Therefore, they might serve as potential therapeutic targets, diagnostic indicators, or prognostic indicators in lung cancer. This review will discuss the new findings of piRNAs, including their biosynthetic processes, mechanisms of gene suppression, and the significance of these piRNAs tested in lung cancer samples to determine their involvement in cancer progression.
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15
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P-element-Induced Wimpy-Testis-Like Protein 1 Regulates the Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:1339-1350. [PMID: 36002675 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pancreatic fibrosis is the main pathological characteristic of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a critical role in pancreatic fibrosis. Any targets that may have an impact on the activation of PSCs could become potential treatment candidates for CP and pancreatic cancer. Our goal was to investigate the effect of P-element-induced wimpy-testis (PIWI) protein 1 (PIWIL1) on PSC activation. METHODS Lentivirus-based RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression vector construction were used to knock down and over-express the PIWIL1 protein. Immunocytofluorescent staining, western blotting, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and phalloidin staining were used to investigate the effects of PIWIL1 on the secretion of extracellular matrix components (EMC), actin cytoskeleton, and on the invasion and migration abilities of primary PSCs isolated from C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, pancreatic fibrosis was induced by L-arginine in C57BL/6 mice. The expression of PIWIL1 and collagen deposition in vivo were tested by western blotting and Sirius red staining. RESULTS Expression levels of collagen I, collagen III, and α-smooth muscle actin were significantly decreased in the LV-PIWIL1 group. Compared with the si-PIWIL1 group, significant differences were observed in the expression of desmin, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in the LV-PIWIL1 group. Furthermore, PIWIL1 suppressed the PSCs' invasion and migration abilities. In a rescue experiment, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was found to be the underlying mechanism in PSCs activation mediated by PIWIL1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PIWIL1 inhibits the activation of PSCs via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PIWIL1 is a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic fibrosis.
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16
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AmeliMojarad M, AmeliMojarad M, Wang J. The function of novel small non-coding RNAs (piRNAs, tRFs) and PIWI protein in colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 31:100542. [PMID: 35248886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although great research has been done to clarify the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), it is still the third common cancer worldwide. Pathogenesis of CRC as a heterogeneous disease is correlated with mutations and epigenetic alterations that result in the inactivation of tumor-suppressive and activation of an oncogene. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), emerging as a key player in regulating the genes and protein expression, with a length less than 200 nucleotide (nt). In this review, we aimed to focus on the role and the biogenesis of PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNAs), and tRNA-derived small RNA (tRFs) and PIWI proteins in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of CRC and their molecular mechanisms to understand their function in cancers and to provide better therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Wang
- Department Genetic, Medical University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, England, United Kingdom.
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17
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Cai A, Hu Y, Zhou Z, Qi Q, Wu Y, Dong P, Chen L, Wang F. PIWI-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs): Promising Applications as Emerging Biomarkers for Digestive System Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:848105. [PMID: 35155584 PMCID: PMC8829394 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.848105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel type of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), which are 26–31 nucleotides in length and bind to PIWI proteins. Although piRNAs were originally discovered in germline cells and are thought to be essential regulators for germline preservation, they can also influence gene expression in somatic cells. An increasing amount of data has shown that the dysregulation of piRNAs can both promote and repress the emergence and progression of human cancers through DNA methylation, transcriptional silencing, mRNA turnover, and translational control. Digestive cancers are currently a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. piRNAs control the expression of essential genes and pathways associated with digestive cancer progression and have been reported as possible biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive cancer. Here, we highlight recent advances in understanding the involvement of piRNAs, as well as potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of piRNAs in various digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiting Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuhao Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qianyi Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Peixin Dong, ; Lin Chen, ; Feng Wang,
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Laboratory Medicine, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Peixin Dong, ; Lin Chen, ; Feng Wang,
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Peixin Dong, ; Lin Chen, ; Feng Wang,
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18
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Cammarata G, de Miguel-Perez D, Russo A, Peleg A, Dolo V, Rolfo C, Taverna S. Emerging noncoding RNAs contained in extracellular vesicles: rising stars as biomarkers in lung cancer liquid biopsy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221131229. [PMID: 36353504 PMCID: PMC9638531 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221131229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a high morbidity and mortality rate, and affected patients have a
poor prognosis and low survival. The therapeutic approaches for lung cancer
treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are not completely
effective, due to late diagnosis. Although the identification of genetic drivers
has contributed to the improvement of lung cancer clinical management, the
discovery of new diagnostic and prognostic tools remains a critical issue.
Liquid biopsy (LB) represents a minimally invasive approach and practical
alternative source to investigate tumor-derived alterations and to facilitate
the selection of targeted therapies. LB allows for the testing of different
analytes such as circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs),
tumor-educated platelets, and cell-free nucleic acids including DNAs, RNAs, and
noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Several regulatory factors control the key cellular
oncogenic pathways involved in cancers. ncRNAs have a wide range of regulatory
effects in lung cancers. This review focuses on emerging regulatory ncRNAs,
freely circulating in body fluids or shuttled by EVs, such as circular-RNAs,
small nucleolar-RNAs, small nuclear-RNAs, and piwi-RNAs, as new biomarkers for
early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of therapeutic strategy of lung
cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cammarata
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Diego de Miguel-Perez
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ariel Peleg
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, Palermo 90146, Italy
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19
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Mokarram P, Niknam M, Sadeghdoust M, Aligolighasemabadi F, Siri M, Dastghaib S, Brim H, Ashktorab H. PIWI interacting RNAs perspectives: a new avenues in future cancer investigations. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10401-10419. [PMID: 34723746 PMCID: PMC8809986 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a currently identified small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) category, the PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are crucial mediators of cell biology. The human genome comprises over 30.000 piRNA genes. Although considered a new field in cancer research, the piRNA pathway is shown by the existing evidence as an active pathway in a variety of different types of cancers with critical impacts on main aspects of cancer progression. Among the regulatory molecules that contribute to maintaining the dynamics of cancer cells, the P-element Induced WImpy testis (PIWI) proteins and piRNAs, as new players, have not been broadly studied so far. Therefore, the identification of cancer-related piRNAs and the assessment of target genes of piRNAs may lead to better cancer prevention and therapy strategies. This review articleaimed to highlight the role and function of piRNAs based on existing data. Understanding the role of piRNA in cancer may provide perspectives on their applications as particular biomarker signature in diagnosis in early stage, prognosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,CONTACT Pooneh Mokarram Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Aligolighasemabadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Brim
- Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, Dc, USA
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20
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piR-39980 mediates doxorubicin resistance in fibrosarcoma by regulating drug accumulation and DNA repair. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1312. [PMID: 34799689 PMCID: PMC8605029 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to doxorubicin (DOX) is an obstacle to successful sarcoma treatment and a cause of tumor relapse, with the underlying molecular mechanism still unknown. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have been shown to enhance patient outcomes in cancers. However, there are few or no reports on piRNAs affecting chemotherapy in cancers, including fibrosarcoma. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between piR-39980 and DOX resistance and the underlying mechanisms. We reveal that piR-39980 is less expressed in DOX-resistant HT1080 (HT1080/DOX) fibrosarcoma cells. Our results show that inhibition of piR-39980 in parental HT1080 cells induces DOX resistance by attenuating intracellular DOX accumulation, DOX-induced apoptosis, and anti-proliferative effects. Its overexpression in HT1080/DOX cells, on the other hand, increases DOX sensitivity by promoting intracellular DOX accumulation, DNA damage, and apoptosis. The dual-luciferase reporter assay indicates that piR-39980 negatively regulates RRM2 and CYP1A2 via direct binding to their 3'UTRs. Furthermore, overexpressing RRM2 induces DOX resistance of HT1080 cells by rescuing DOX-induced DNA damage by promoting DNA repair, whereas CYP1A2 confers resistance by decreasing intracellular DOX accumulation, which piR-39980 restores. This study reveals that piR-39980 could reduce fibrosarcoma resistance to DOX by modulating RRM2 and CYP1A2, implying that piRNA can be used in combination with DOX.
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21
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Merkerova MD, Krejcik Z. Transposable elements and Piwi‑interacting RNAs in hemato‑oncology with a focus on myelodysplastic syndrome (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:105. [PMID: 34779490 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and the abnormalities that lead to leukemogenesis originates from the accumulation of knowledge regarding protein‑coding genes. However, the possible impact of transposable element (TE) mobilization and the expression of P‑element‑induced WImpy testis‑interacting RNAs (piRNAs) on leukemogenesis has been beyond the scope of scientific interest to date. The expression profiles of these molecules and their importance for human health have only been characterized recently due to the rapid progress of high‑throughput sequencing technology development. In the present review, current knowledge on the expression profile and function of TEs and piRNAs was summarized, with specific focus on their reported involvement in leukemogenesis and pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zdenek Krejcik
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Das A, Ganesan H, Sriramulu S, Marotta F, Kanna NRR, Banerjee A, He F, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. A review on interplay between small RNAs and oxidative stress in cancer progression. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4117-4131. [PMID: 34292483 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been known to be the underlying cause in many instances of cancer development. The new aspect of cancer genesis that has caught the attention of many researchers worldwide is its connection to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs may not be protein coding, but in light of the more recent discovery of their wide range of functions, the term 'dark matter of the genome' has been rendered inapplicable. There is an extensive mention of colon cancer as an example, where some of these ncRNAs and their manipulations have seen significant progress. As of now, the focus is on discovering a non-invasive, cost-effective method for diagnosis that is easier to monitor and can be conducted before visible symptoms indicate cancer in a patient, by which time it may already be too late. The concept of liquid biopsies has revolutionized recent diagnostic measures. It has been possible to detect circulating parts of the cancer genome or other biomarkers in the patients' bodily fluids, resulting in the effective management of the disease. This has led these ncRNAs to be considered effective therapeutic targets and extrinsic modifications in several tumor types, proven to be effective as therapy. However, there is a vast scope for further understanding and pertinent application of our acquired knowledge and expanding it in enhancing the utilization of ncRNAs for a better prognosis, quicker diagnosis, and improved management of cancer. This review explores the prognosis of cancer and related mutations by scrutinizing small ncRNAs in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparimita Das
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Harsha Ganesan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Sushmitha Sriramulu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera R&D International for Aging Intervention and Vitality & Longevity Medical Science Commission, FEMTEC World Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - N R Rajesh Kanna
- Department of Pathology, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Fang He
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India.
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23
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Hosseinalizadeh H, Mahmoodpour M, Ebrahimi A. Circulating non-coding RNAs as a diagnostic and management biomarker for breast cancer: current insights. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:705-715. [PMID: 34677714 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer biomarkers can be used to determine the molecular status of a tumor or its metastases, which either release them directly into body fluids or indirectly through disruption of tumor/metastatic tissue. New minimally invasive and repeatable sample collection methods, such as liquid biopsy, have been developed in the last decade to apply cancer knowledge and track its progression. Circulating non-coding RNAs, which include microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and PIWI-interacting RNAs, are increasingly being recognized as potential cancer biomarkers. The growing understanding of cancer's molecular pathogenesis, combined with the rapid development of new molecular techniques, encourages the study of early molecular alterations associated with cancer development in body fluids. Specific genetic and epigenetic changes in circulating free RNA (cf-RNA) in plasma, serum, and urine could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for a variety of cancers. Only a subset of these cf-RNAs have been studied in breast cancer, with the most extensive research focusing on cf-miRNA in plasma. These findings pave the way for immediate use of selected cf-RNAs as biomarkers in breast cancer liquid biopsy, as well as additional research into other cf-RNAs to advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41376, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mahmoodpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41376, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ammar Ebrahimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Rue Du Bugnon 7, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Peng Q, Chiu PKF, Wong CYP, Cheng CKL, Teoh JYC, Ng CF. Identification of piRNA Targets in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101828. [PMID: 34679526 PMCID: PMC8534571 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies demonstrate that PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are associated with various human cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) piRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. RNA was extracted from urinary EVs from five PCa patients and five healthy controls (HC), and the piRNAs were analyzed by small RNA sequencing. Dysregulated piRNAs were identified and then validated in another 30 PCa patients and 10 HC by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expressions of novel_pir349843, novel_pir382289, novel_pir158533, and hsa_piR_002468 in urinary EVs were significantly increased in the PCa group compared with the HC group. The area under the curve (AUC) of novel_pir158533, novel_pir349843, novel_pir382289, hsa_piR_002468, and the combination of the four piRNA in PCa diagnosis was 0.723, 0.757, 0.777, 0.783, and 0.853, respectively. After the RNAhybrid program analysis, all four piRNAs had multiple potential binding sites with key mRNAs in PTEN/PI3K/Akt, Wnt/beta-catenin, or androgen receptor pathway, which are critical in PCa development and progression. In conclusion, our findings indicate that specific piRNAs in urinary EVs may serve as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for PCa.
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25
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Kovalenko TF, Larionova TD, Antipova NV, Shakhparonov MI, Pavlyukov MS. The Role of Non-coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Glial Tumors. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:38-51. [PMID: 34707896 PMCID: PMC8526181 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many malignant neoplasms, glioblastoma (GBM) leads to one of the worst prognosis for patients and has an almost 100% recurrence rate. The only chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used for treating glioblastoma is temozolomide, a DNA alkylating agent. Its impact, however, is only minor; it increases patients' survival just by 12 to 14 months. Multiple highly selective compounds that affect specific proteins and have performed well in other types of cancer have proved ineffective against glioblastoma. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel methods that could help achieve the long-awaited progress in glioblastoma treatment. One of the potentially promising approaches is the targeting of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These molecules are characterized by extremely high multifunctionality and often act as integrators by coordinating multiple key signaling pathways within the cell. Thus, the impact on ncRNAs has the potential to lead to a broader and stronger impact on cells, as opposed to the more focused action of inhibitors targeting specific proteins. In this review, we summarize the functions of long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, as well as microRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs. We provide a classification of these transcripts and describe their role in various signaling pathways and physiological processes. We also provide examples of oncogenic and tumor suppressor ncRNAs belonging to each of these classes in the context of their involvement in the pathogenesis of gliomas and glioblastomas. In conclusion, we considered the potential use of ncRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. F. Kovalenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - T. D. Larionova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - N. V. Antipova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - M. I. Shakhparonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - M. S. Pavlyukov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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de Sá Pereira BM, Montalvão de Azevedo R, da Silva Guerra JV, Faria PA, Soares-Lima SC, De Camargo B, Maschietto M. Non-coding RNAs in Wilms' tumor: biological function, mechanism, and clinical implications. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1043-1055. [PMID: 33950291 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are involved with maintenance and regulation of physiological mechanisms and are involved in pathological processes, such as cancer. Among the small ncRNAs, miRNAs are the most explored in tumorigenesis, metastasis development, and resistance to chemotherapy. These small molecules of ~ 22 nucleotides are modulated during early renal development, involved in the regulation of gene expression and Wilms' tumor progression. Wilms' tumors are embryonic tumors with few mutations and complex epigenetic dysregulation. In recent years, the small ncRNAs have been explored as potentially related both in physiological development and in the tumorigenesis of several types of cancer. Besides, genes regulated by miRNAs are related to biological pathways as PI3K, Wnt, TGF-β, and Hippo signaling pathways, among others, which may be involved with the underlying mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy, and in this way, it has emerged as potential targets for cancer therapies, including for Wilms' tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafaela Montalvão de Azevedo
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Current institution: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - João Victor da Silva Guerra
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Faria
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Maschietto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Current: Research Institute, Boldrini Children's Hospital, Rua Dr. Gabriel Porto, 1270 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-210, Brazil.
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Wang K, Wang T, Gao XQ, Chen XZ, Wang F, Zhou LY. Emerging functions of piwi-interacting RNAs in diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4893-4901. [PMID: 33942984 PMCID: PMC8178273 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are recently discovered small non‐coding RNAs consisting of 24‐35 nucleotides, usually including a characteristic 5‐terminal uridine and an adenosine at position 10. PIWI proteins can specifically bind to the unique structure of the 3′ end of piRNAs. In the past, it was thought that piRNAs existed only in the reproductive system, but recently, it was reported that piRNAs are also expressed in several other human tissues with tissue specificity. Growing evidence shows that piRNAs and PIWI proteins are abnormally expressed in various diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and ageing, and may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review aims to discuss the current research status regarding piRNA biogenetic processes, functions, mechanisms and emerging roles in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Zhe Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu-Yu Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Computational Methods and Online Resources for Identification of piRNA-Related Molecules. Interdiscip Sci 2021; 13:176-191. [PMID: 33886096 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-021-00428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
piRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, which interact with the PIWI family and have many important and diverse biological functions. The present review is aimed to provide guidelines and contribute to piRNA research. We focused on the four types of identification models on piRNA-related molecules, including piRNA, piRNA cluster, piRNA target, and disease-related piRNA. We evaluated the types of tools for the identification of piRNAs based on five aspects: datasets, features, classifiers, performance, and usability. We found the precision of 2lpiRNApred was the highest in datasets of model organisms, piRNN had a better performance of datasets of non-model organisms, and 2L-piRNA had the fastest recognition speed of all tools. In addition, we presented an overview of piRNA databases. The databases were divided into six categories: basic annotation, comprehensive annotation, isoform, cluster, target, and disease. We found that piRNA data of non-model organisms, piRNA target data, and piRNA-disease-associated data should be strengthened. Our review might assist researchers in selecting appropriate tools or datasets for their studies, reveal potential problems and shed light on future bioinformatics studies.
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Site-Selective Artificial Ribonucleases: Renaissance of Oligonucleotide Conjugates for Irreversible Cleavage of RNA Sequences. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061732. [PMID: 33808835 PMCID: PMC8003597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-targeting therapeutics require highly efficient sequence-specific devices capable of RNA irreversible degradation in vivo. The most developed methods of sequence-specific RNA cleavage, such as siRNA or antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), are currently based on recruitment of either intracellular multi-protein complexes or enzymes, leaving alternative approaches (e.g., ribozymes and DNAzymes) far behind. Recently, site-selective artificial ribonucleases combining the oligonucleotide recognition motifs (or their structural analogues) and catalytically active groups in a single molecular scaffold have been proven to be a great competitor to siRNA and ASO. Using the most efficient catalytic groups, utilising both metal ion-dependent (Cu(II)-2,9-dimethylphenanthroline) and metal ion-free (Tris(2-aminobenzimidazole)) on the one hand and PNA as an RNA recognising oligonucleotide on the other, allowed site-selective artificial RNases to be created with half-lives of 0.5-1 h. Artificial RNases based on the catalytic peptide [(ArgLeu)2Gly]2 were able to take progress a step further by demonstrating an ability to cleave miRNA-21 in tumour cells and provide a significant reduction of tumour growth in mice.
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Proshkina E, Yushkova E, Koval L, Zemskaya N, Shchegoleva E, Solovev I, Yakovleva D, Pakshina N, Ulyasheva N, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Tissue-Specific Knockdown of Genes of the Argonaute Family Modulates Lifespan and Radioresistance in Drosophila Melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2396. [PMID: 33673647 PMCID: PMC7957547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs are essential to coordinate many cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression patterns, the prevention of genomic instability, and the suppression of the mutagenic transposon activity. These processes determine the aging, longevity, and sensitivity of cells and an organism to stress factors (particularly, ionizing radiation). The biogenesis and activity of small RNAs are provided by proteins of the Argonaute family. These proteins participate in the processing of small RNA precursors and the formation of an RNA-induced silencing complex. However, the role of Argonaute proteins in regulating lifespan and radioresistance remains poorly explored. We studied the effect of knockdown of Argonaute genes (AGO1, AGO2, AGO3, piwi) in various tissues on the Drosophila melanogaster lifespan and survival after the γ-irradiation at a dose of 700 Gy. In most cases, these parameters are reduced or did not change significantly in flies with tissue-specific RNA interference. Surprisingly, piwi knockdown in both the fat body and the nervous system causes a lifespan increase. But changes in radioresistance depend on the tissue in which the gene was knocked out. In addition, analysis of changes in retrotransposon levels and expression of stress response genes allow us to determine associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Elena Yushkova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Liubov Koval
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Nadezhda Zemskaya
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Evgeniya Shchegoleva
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Ilya Solovev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Daria Yakovleva
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Natalya Pakshina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Natalia Ulyasheva
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Post-Genomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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17-Allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin Used Alone or in Combination with Sodium Orthovanadate Promotes Apoptosis and Inhibits Invasion of SH-SY5Y Cells by Modulating PIWIL2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7894712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common extracranial solid tumors of childhood and accounts for 15% of cancer deaths. Even with the multimodality treatment protocols, the advanced-stage tumor overall 5-year survival rate is less than 50%. Therefore, novel drug therapy targeting cellular signal transduction pathways regulating the apoptotic cascade may be important for the treatment of drug-resistant NB. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that 5 μM sodium orthovanadate (SOV) induced the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. 17-Allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is a geldanamycin- (GA-) derived heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor, and it has been shown to have potent antitumor activity in head and neck cancers. However, the effect of 17-AAG on the apoptosis of NB cells has not been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 17-AAG and SOV on the growth and invasion of SH-SY5Y cells in vitro and explore the related mechanism. In this study, we first investigated the antiviability effect of 17-AAG on SH-SY5Y cells, then studied the cell apoptosis and invasion influenced by 17-AAG and SOV, and assessed the role of PIWI-Like2 (PIWIL2) and piRNA-PIWI signaling in it. The results showed that 5 μM 17-AAG inhibited cell growth and viability and induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Both 17-AAG and SOV reduced the level of PIWIL2 and Bcl-xl proteins and inhibited the invasion of SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, the combined use of the two drugs had greater effect than the single use of any drug.
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Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases. Angiogenesis 2020; 24:19-34. [PMID: 33011960 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. Increasing reports demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been crucially involved in the development of CVDs. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel cluster of small non-coding RNAs with strong uracil bias at the 5' end and 2'-O-methylation at the 3' end that are mainly present in the mammalian reproductive system and stem cells and serve as potential modulators of developmental and pathophysiological processes. Recently, piRNAs have been reported to be widely expressed in human tissues and can potentially regulate various diseases. Specifically, concomitant with the development of next-generation sequencing techniques, piRNAs have been found to be differentially expressed in CVDs, indicating their potential involvement in the occurrence and progression of heart diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved with piRNA function have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we present the current understanding of the piRNAs from the perspectives of biogenesis, characteristics, biological function, and regulatory mechanisms, and highlight their potential roles and underlying mechanisms in CVDs, which will provide new insights into the potential applications of piRNAs in the clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for heart diseases.
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Zimta AA, Sigurjonsson OE, Gulei D, Tomuleasa C. The Malignant Role of Exosomes as Nanocarriers of Rare RNA Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165866. [PMID: 32824183 PMCID: PMC7461500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, advancements in the oncology sector regarding diagnosis methods allow us to specifically detect an increased number of cancer patients, some of them in incipient stages. However, one of the main issues consists of the invasive character of most of the diagnosis protocols or complex medical procedures associated with it, that impedes part of the patients to undergo routine checkups. Therefore, in order to increase the number of cancer cases diagnosed in incipient stages, other minimally invasive alternatives must be considered. The current review paper presents the value of rare RNA species isolated from circulatory exosomes as biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis or even therapeutic intervention. Rare RNAs are most of the time overlooked in current research in favor of the more abundant RNA species like microRNAs. However, their high degree of stability, low variability and, for most of them, conservation across species could shift the interest toward these types of RNAs. Moreover, due to their low abundance, the variation interval in terms of the number of sequences with differential expression between samples from healthy individuals and cancer patients is significantly diminished and probably easier to interpret in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina-Andreea Zimta
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-A.Z.); (C.T.)
| | - Olafur Eysteinn Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, 121 Reykjavik, Iceland;
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Diana Gulei
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-A.Z.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-A.Z.); (C.T.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Outeiro-Pinho G, Barros-Silva D, Correia MP, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Renal Cell Tumors: Uncovering the Biomarker Potential of ncRNAs. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082214. [PMID: 32784737 PMCID: PMC7465320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell tumors (RCT) remain as one of the most common and lethal urological tumors worldwide. Discrimination between (1) benign and malignant disease, (2) indolent and aggressive tumors, and (3) patient responsiveness to a specific therapy is of major clinical importance, allowing for a more efficient patient management. Nonetheless, currently available tools provide limited information and novel strategies are needed. Over the years, a putative role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as disease biomarkers has gained relevance and is now one of the most prolific fields in biological sciences. Herein, we extensively sought the most significant reports on ncRNAs as potential RCTs' diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and monitoring biomarkers. We could conclude that ncRNAs, either alone or in combination with currently used clinical and pathological parameters, might represent key elements to improve patient management, potentiating the implementation of precision medicine. Nevertheless, most ncRNA biomarkers require large-scale validation studies, prior to clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Outeiro-Pinho
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (G.O.-P.); (D.B.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Daniela Barros-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (G.O.-P.); (D.B.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Margareta P. Correia
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (G.O.-P.); (D.B.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (G.O.-P.); (D.B.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (G.O.-P.); (D.B.-S.); (M.P.C.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225084000; Fax: +351-225084199
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Zhang W, Zhang XJ, Chao SY, Chen SJ, Zhang ZJ, Zhao J, Lv YN, Yao JJ, Bai YY. Update on urine as a biomarker in cancer: a necessary review of an old story. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:477-488. [PMID: 32212972 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1743687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer causes thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Therefore, monitoring of health status and the early diagnosis of cancer using noninvasive assays, such as the analysis of molecular biomarkers in urine, is essential. However, effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer have not been established in many types of cancer.Areas covered: In this review, we discuss recent findings with regard to the use of urine composition as a biomarker in eleven types of cancer. We also highlight the use of urine biomarkers for improving early diagnosis.Expert opinion: Urinary biomarkers have been applied for clinical application of early diagnosis. The main limitation is a lack of integrated approaches for identification of new biomarkers in most cancer. The utilization of urinary biomarker detection will be promoted by improved detection methods and new data from different types of cancers. With the development of precision medicine, urinary biomarkers will play an increasingly important clinical role. Future early diagnosis would benefit from changes in the utilization of urinary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Jian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shen Yan Chao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Su Juan Chen
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Zi Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ya Nan Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing Jie Yao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yue Yu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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Maleki Dana P, Mansournia MA, Mirhashemi SM. PIWI-interacting RNAs: new biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:44. [PMID: 32211149 PMCID: PMC7092456 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important reasons of mortality in the world. However, there are several therapeutic platforms to treat patients who suffering from cancer common treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and etc. The current therapeutic approaches are related to some limitations. Hence, more understanding about molecular mechanisms that involved in cancer particularly in breast cancer pathogenesis, could contribute to provide better therapeutic platforms. Recently, non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs have attracted researchers' attention in the field of cancer due to their functions in gene expression's regulation and functional interactions with other molecules. Interestingly, great advances in next-generation sequencing lead to considering other roles for another non-coding RNAs subgroup called PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in addition to their functions in the germline. Novel studies investigated the role of piRNAs in several cancers including lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, multiple myeloma and colorectal cancer. Hopefully, based on new findings, piRNAs may be a potential biomarker which can be used as a tool to diagnose or treat breast cancer. Thus, this review aimed to discuss the role of piRNAs in breast cancer progression and metastasis as well as its molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Maleki Dana
- 1Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. of Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Mirhashemi
- 3Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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