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Yu HJ, Ho M, Chau PH, Geng L, Fong DYT. Salivary telomere length and the risks of prediabetes and diabetes among middle-aged and older adults: findings from the Health and Retirement Study. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:273-283. [PMID: 36371747 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-02004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association of telomere length (TL) with prediabetes/diabetes and to explore the potential factors affecting TL among individuals with prediabetes/diabetes by weight status. METHODS This study included 3,379 eligible adults (aged 45-85 years, males: 42%) from the US Health and Retirement Study in 2008. TL was assayed using quantitative PCR of saliva (T/S ratio). Linear and nonlinear associations between TL and prediabetes/diabetes were assessed using the logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model, respectively, adjusting for TL-plate numbers, age, sex, race, body mass index, lifestyles, diabetes medications, and cardiometabolic parameters (blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and total cholesterol). Multiple linear regression was used for testing any factors associated with TL. RESULTS Among 3,379 participants, 868 (25.7%) had prediabetes with a mean TL of 1.34 ± 0.37 (T/S ratio) and 858 (25.4%) had diabetes with a mean TL of 1.36 ± 0.43 (T/S ratio). Neither linear nor nonlinear association of TL with prediabetes/diabetes was significant by weight status. Age was negatively associated with TL in both normal-weight (β = - 0.002, p = 0.025) and overweight/obese (β = - 0.002, p = 0.006) prediabetes, but non-significant in normal-weight and overweight/obese diabetes. BMI and cardiometabolic parameters were not associated with TL in prediabetes/diabetes by weight status. CONCLUSIONS Salivary TL was not associated with prediabetes/diabetes among the US middle-aged and older adults. Further longitudinal studies are required to establish the link between TL and diabetes development and to identify potential factors affecting TL shortening, particularly in normal-weight diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Yu
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mandy Ho
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Pui Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leiluo Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wang X, Wen J, Qu Q, Gu S, Zhang L, Li Y, Qi X. Association of weight range with telomere length: A retrospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1106283. [PMID: 37113487 PMCID: PMC10126401 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous research has shown a significant association between weight and telomere length, but did not take into consideration weight range. The study was to investigate the association of weight range with telomere length. Methods Data of 2918 eligible participants aged 25-84 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 cycle were analyzed. Information about demographic variables, lifestyle factors, anthropometric variables, and medical comorbidities were included. Univariate and multivariate linear regression model with adjustments for potential confounders were employed to determine the association between weight range and telomere length. A non-parametrically restricted cubic spline model was used to illustrate the possible non-linear relationship. Results In univariate linear regression, BMImax, BMI range, and weight range all revealed significant negative associations with telomere length. However, annual rate of BMI/weight range showed a significant positive associations with telomere length. There was no significant association between telomere length and BMImin. After adjusting for potential confounders, the inverse associations persisted in BMImax (β=-0.003, P<0.001), BMI range (β=-0.002, P=0.003), and weight range (β=-0.001, P=0.001). Furthermore, annual rate of BMI range (β=-0.026, P=0.009) and weight range (β=-0.010, P=0.007) presented negative associations with telomere length, after adjusting for covariates in Model 2-4. The association between BMImin (β =-0.002, P=0.237) and telomere length still could not reach statistical significance in multivariate linear regression model. The results of restricted cubic spline analysis showed that BMImax (P for nonlinear =0.026), BMI range (P for nonlinear =0.022), weight range (P for nonlinear =0.035), annual rate of BMI range (P for nonlinear =0.030), and annual rate of weight range (P for nonlinear =0.027) all had nonlinear inverse associations with telomere length. Conclusions The study suggests that weight range is inversely associated with telomere length in U.S. adults. Larger weight fluctuation may accelerate telomere shortening and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingli Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujun Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Qi, ; Yu Li,
| | - Xu Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Qi, ; Yu Li,
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Suutari-Jääskö A, Ylitalo A, Ronkaine J, Huikuri H, Kesäniemi YA, Ukkola OH. Smoking cessation and obesity-related morbidities and mortality in a 20-year follow-up study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279443. [PMID: 36576905 PMCID: PMC9797072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is the biggest preventable factor causing mortality and morbidity and the health benefits of smoking cessation are commonly known. Smoking cessation-related weight gain is well documented. We evaluated the association between smoking cessation and the incidence of obesity-related morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome as well as mortality. We also evaluated telomere length related to smoking cessation. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was part of the OPERA (Oulu Project Elucidating Risk of Atherosclerosis) study. The mean follow up time among the 600 study subjects was 20 years. We divided the study subjects into four groups by smoking status ("never", "current", "ex-smokers" and "quit") and analyzed their health status. "Ex-smokers" had quit smoking before baseline and "quit" quit during the follow-up time. Information about total mortality between the years 2013-2020 was also utilized. RESULTS During the follow-up time systolic blood pressure decreased the most in the "current" and in the "ex-smoker" groups. Office SBP decreased the least in the "quit" group (p = 0.001). BMI increased the most in the "quit" and the least in the "ex-smokers" group (p = 0.001). No significant increases were seen in the incidence of obesity-related-diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes was seen. There was no significant difference in the shortening of telomeres. Odds of short-term mortality was increased in the "current" group (2.43 (CI 95% 1.10; 5.39)), but not in the "quit" (1.43 (CI 95% 0.73-2.80)) or "ex-smoker" (1.02 (CI 95% 0.56-1.86)) groups when compared to "never" group. CONCLUSIONS Even though, the blood pressure levels were unfavorable in the "quit" group, there was no significant increase in the incidence of obesity-related-diseases, and a noticeable benefit in short-term mortality was seen during the 6-year follow-up. The benefits of smoking cessation outweigh the disadvantages in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asla Suutari-Jääskö
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Ylitalo
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Justiina Ronkaine
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Y. Antero Kesäniemi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olavi H. Ukkola
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Gao X, Kong Y, Li S, Dong S, Huang X, Qi D, Zhang T, Yan Y, Chen W. Intermediate Effects of Body Mass Index and C-Reactive Protein on the Serum Cotinine- Leukocyte Telomere Length Association. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:827465. [PMID: 35115918 PMCID: PMC8806079 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.827465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between serum cotinine and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and the intermediate effects of body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) on modulating the association. This study included 4,047 adults from the 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In the combined sample, after adjusting for age, race, sex, physical activity, and alcohol use, the total effect of serum cotinine on LTL was significant (standardized regression coefficient, β = −0.049, p = 0.001) without BMI and CRP included in the model. With inclusion of BMI but without CRP in the model, the direct effect of cotinine on LTL in its absolute value increased to β = −0.053 (p < 0.001), and the suppression effect of BMI was estimated at 8.8%. With inclusion of CRP but without BMI in the model, the direct effect of cotinine on LTL in its absolute value decreased to β = −0.040 (p = 0.008), and the mediation effect of CRP was estimated at 16.9%. With inclusion of both BMI and CRP in the model, BMI and CRP still had significant suppression and mediation effects, respectively, on the cotinine-LTL association. These findings suggest that weight and inflammation have different roles in the inverse association between serum cotinine and LTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yawei Kong
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children’s Minnesota Research Institute, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Shiqiu Dong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin, China
| | - Deyu Qi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yinkun Yan,
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Effect of Physical Activity, Smoking, and Sleep on Telomere Length: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010076. [PMID: 35011817 PMCID: PMC8745211 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for several pathologies, restricting one’s health span, and promoting chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases), as well as cancer. Telomeres are regions of repetitive DNA located at chromosomal ends. Telomere length has been inversely associated with chronological age and has been considered, for a long time, a good biomarker of aging. Several lifestyle factors have been linked with telomere shortening or maintenance. However, the consistency of results is hampered by some methodological issues, including study design, sample size, measurement approaches, and population characteristics, among others. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the current literature on the effects of three relevant lifestyle factors on telomere length in human adults: physical activity, smoking, and sleep. We conducted a qualitative systematic review of observational and intervention studies using the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic literature search covered articles published in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (from 2010 to 2020). A total of 1400 studies were identified; 83 were included after quality control. Although fewer sedentary activities, optimal sleep habits, and non- or ex-smoker status have been associated with less telomere shortening, several methodological issues were detected, including the need for more targeted interventions and standardized protocols to better understand how physical activity and sleep can impact telomere length and aging. We discuss the main findings and current limitations to gain more insights into the influence of these lifestyle factors on the healthy aging process.
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Gao X, Li S, Dong S, Li J, Yan Y, Zhang T, Chen W. Association Between Body Weight and Telomere Length Is Predominantly Mediated Through C-Reactive Protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4634-e4640. [PMID: 34153093 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Both obesity and inflammation are related to accelerated aging. It is not yet known whether inflammation mediates the effects of obesity on aging. OBJECTIVE This work aims to dissect the direct effect of body mass index (BMI) and its indirect effect through C-reactive protein (CRP) on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) to determine the mediation effect of CRP on the BMI-LTL association. METHODS The study cohort included 5451 adults (1404 Mexican American, 3114 White, and 933 Black individuals; 53.5% male; mean age = 49.2 years) from the 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. General mediation models were used to examine the mediation effect of CRP on the BMI-LTL association. RESULTS After adjusting for age, race, sex, physical activity, alcohol use, and serum cotinine, the total effect of BMI on LTL was significant (standardized regression coefficient, β = -.054, P < .001) without CRP included in the model. With inclusion of CRP in the model, the indirect effect of BMI on LTL through CRP was estimated at β equal to -.023 (P < .001), and the direct effect of BMI on LTL in its absolute value decreased to β equal to -.031 (P = .025). The mediation effect of CRP was estimated at 42.6%. The mediation model parameters did not differ significantly between race and sex groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the inverse BMI-LTL association is partly mediated by obesity-induced inflammation. The significant direct effect of BMI on LTL with removal of the mediation effect through CRP indicates that obesity is associated with LTL attrition also through other noninflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children's Minnesota Research Institute, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404, USA
| | - Shiqiu Dong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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