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Chen H, Zhang W, Shi J, Tang Y, Chen X, Li J, Yao X. Study on the mechanism of S100A4-mediated cancer oncogenesis in uveal melanoma cells through the integration of bioinformatics and in vitro experiments. Gene 2024; 911:148333. [PMID: 38431233 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elevated metastasis rate of uveal melanoma (UM) is intricately correlated with patient prognosis, significantly affecting the quality of life. S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) has tumorigenic properties; therefore, the present study investigated the impact of S100A4 on UM cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion using bioinformatics and in vitro experiments. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis was used to screen S100A4 as a hub gene and predict its possible mechanism in UM cells, and the S100A4 silencing cell line was constructed. The impact of S100A4 silencing on the proliferative ability of UM cells was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. Annexin V-FITC/PI double fluorescence and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to observe the effects of apoptosis on UM cells. The effect of S100A4 silencing on the migratory and invasive capabilities of UM cells was assessed using wound healing and Transwell assays. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of related proteins. RESULTS The present study found that S100A4 is a biomarker of UM, and its high expression is related to poor prognosis. After constructing the S100A4 silencing cell line, cell viability, clone number, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, and survivin expression were decreased in UM cells. The cell apoptosis rate and relative fluorescence intensity increased, accompanied by increased levels of Bax and caspase-3 and decreased levels of Bcl-2. Additionally, a decrease in the cell migration index and relative invasion rate was observed with increased E-cadherin expression and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin protein expression. CONCLUSION S100A4 silencing can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion and synchronously induces apoptosis in UM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Chen
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jian Shi
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Yu Tang
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jiangwei Li
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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Wang J, Liu M, Sun J, Zhang Z. Immunogenic profiling of metastatic uveal melanoma discerns a potential signature related to prognosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:23. [PMID: 38246894 PMCID: PMC10800307 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UM) is an aggressive intraocular malignant tumor. The present study aimed to identify the key genes associated with UM metastasis and established a gene signature to analyze the relationship between the signature and prognosis and immune cell infiltration. Later, a predictive model combined with clinical variables was developed and validated. METHODS Two UM gene expression profile chip datasets were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Immune-related genes (IRGs) were obtained from IMPORT database. First, these mRNAs were intersected with IRGs, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the co-expression of genes primarily associated with metastasis of UM. Univariate Cox regression analysis screened the genes related to prognosis. LASSO-Cox established a risk score to distinguish high-risk group and low-risk group. Then the GSEA enrichment pathway and immune cell infiltration of the two groups were compared. And combined with clinical variables, a predictive model was constructed. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curve were used to verify the stability and accuracy of the final predictive model, and a nomogram was then drawn. RESULTS The MEblack, MEpurple, and MEblue modules were significantly associated with the metastasis of UM patients (P value < 0.001, = 0.001, = 0.022, respectively). Four genes (UBXN2B, OTUD3, KAT8, LAMTOR2) were obtained by Pearson correlation analysis, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), univariate Cox, and LASSO-Cox. And a novel prognostic risk score was established. Immune-related prognostic signature can well classify UM patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the OS of high-risk patients was worse than that of low-risk patients. In addition, the risk score played an important role in evaluating the signaling pathway and immune cell infiltration of UM patients in high-risk and low-risk groups. Both the training set and validation set of the model showed good predictive accuracy in the degree of differentiation and calibration (e.g., 1-year overall survival: AUC = 0.930 (0.857-1.003)). Finally, a nomogram was established to serve in clinical practice. SIGNIFICANCE UM key gene signature and prognosis predictive model might provide insights for further investigation of the pathogenesis and development of UM at the molecular level, and provide theoretical basis for determining new prognostic markers of UM and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zifeng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Zhang C, Wu S. BAP1 mutations inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway to induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment in uveal melanoma. Mol Med 2023; 29:126. [PMID: 37710185 PMCID: PMC10503157 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor immune microenvironment regulates the growth and metastasis of uveal melanoma (UM). This study aims to reveal the possible molecular mechanism of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) mutations in affecting the tumor immune microenvironment in UM through mediating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. METHODS TCGA and cBioPortal databases jointly analyzed the genes with high mutation frequency in UM samples. Following survival analysis of UM patients, UM samples with BAP1 mutations were subjected to immune cell infiltration analysis. The signaling pathways associated with the mutated genes were screened by GSEA. Subsequently, the differential BAP1 expression was analyzed in the selected UM cell lines with wild type (WT) or mutant type (MUT) BAP1. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis identified 12 genes mutated in the UM samples, while only BAP1 mutations were related to the prognosis of UM patients. UM patients with BAP1 mutations had higher immune cell infiltration. BAP1 mutations inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway, suppressing the cytokine secretion and antigen presentation by macrophages. Rescue experiments confirmed that overexpressed NF-κB could reverse the effect of BAP1 mutations on the immunosuppressive microenvironment, thus suppressing the malignant phenotypes of UM cells. CONCLUSION BAP1 mutations may inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, repressing the cytokine secretion and antigen presentation by macrophages, which induces the immunosuppressive microenvironment, enhances the malignant phenotypes of UM cells and ultimately promotes the growth and metastasis of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Orbital Disease and Ocular Plastic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130041, P. R. China.
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Nan X, Liu Y, Gao Y, Nan X. Multiple epigenetic modification profiles reveal the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical outcomes of uveal melanoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1155199. [PMID: 37124608 PMCID: PMC10132731 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1155199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an aggressive intraocular cancer that, in 50% of cases, spreads to the patient's other systems. The exact cause of the increased metastatic rate is still unknown. Methylation and immune response, metastasis, and the expansion of cancer cells are closely related. Additionally, proteins linked to RNA methylation have come to light as possible cancer treatment targets. However, the relationship between methylation-related genes (MRGs) and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is still not understood. The goal of this work was to discover important MRGs and create a signature for UM patients' prognosis prediction. Using two different data sets, we examined the MRG expression patterns in the transcriptional and genomic regions of 106 UM samples. We discovered a connection between the clinicopathological traits of the patients, their prognosis, the capability of TME cells to infiltrate, and various MRG changes. Following that, we developed an MRGs signature to forecast prognosis, and we evaluated the model's precision in patients with UM. We grouped the patients into multiple categories based on their clinical traits, looked at the survival rates for various groups within various groupings, and tested their accuracy. Additionally, to increase the practical usability of the MRGs model, we created a very accurate nomogram. TIDE scores were higher in the low-risk group. We go over how MGRs could impact UM's TME, immunotherapy responsiveness, prognosis, and clinically significant features. We looked for different chemotherapeutic drugs and cutting-edge targeted agents for patients in diverse subgroups in order to better understand MRGs in UM. This helped in the creation of customized therapy to open new doors. We could also further research the prognosis and develop more efficient immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshuai Nan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Subei Peoples’ Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangzhou Aier New Vision Eye Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinshan Nan
- Department of ICU, Hua Xin Hospital, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Xinshan Nan,
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Wang W, Zhao H, Wang S. Identification of a novel immune-related gene signature for prognosis and the tumor microenvironment in patients with uveal melanoma combining single-cell and bulk sequencing data. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1099071. [PMID: 36793711 PMCID: PMC9922847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1099071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most invasive intraocular malignancy in adults with a poor prognosis. Growing evidence revealed that immune-related gene is related to tumorigenesis and prognosis. This study aimed to construct an immune-related prognostic signature for UVM and clarify the molecular and immune classification. Methods Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) and hierarchical clustering analysis were performed to identify the immune infiltration pattern of UVM and classify patients into two immunity clusters. Then, we proposed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis to identify immune-related genes that related to overall survival (OS) and validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) external validation cohort. The molecular and immune classification in the immune-related gene prognostic signature defined subgroups were analyzed. Results The immune-related gene prognostic signature was constructed based on S100A13, MMP9, and SEMA3B genes. The prognostic value of this risk model was validated in three bulk RNA sequencing datasets and one single-cell sequencing dataset. Patients in the low-risk group had better OS than those in the high-risk group. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed its strong predictive ability for UVM patients. Lower expression of immune checkpoint genes was presented in the low-risk group. Functional studies showed that S100A13 knockdown via siRNA inhibited UVM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, with the increased expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related markers in UVM cell lines. Discussion The immune-related gene prognostic signature is an independent predictive factor for the survival of patients with UVM and provides new information about cancer immunotherapy in UVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hunan, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hunan, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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Qian B, Sun J, Zuo P, Da M, Mo X, Fang Y. Verification of genetic differences and immune cell infiltration subtypes in the neuroblastoma tumour microenvironment during immunotherapy. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:169. [PMID: 35643506 PMCID: PMC9145414 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improved understanding of the tumour microenvironment (TME) has enabled remarkable advancements in research on cancer progression in the past few years. It is crucial to understand the nature and function of the TME because precise treatment strategies, including immunotherapy, for managing specific cancers have received widespread attention. The immune infiltrative profiles of neuroblastoma (NB) have not yet been completely illustrated. The purpose of this research was to analyse tumour immune cell infiltration (ICI) in the microenvironment of NB. Methods We applied the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms to evaluate the ICI status of 438 NB samples. Three ICI models were selected, and ICI scores were acquired. Subgroups with high ICI scores determined based on the presence of immune activation signalling pathways had better overall survival. Results Genes involved in the immunosuppressive heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis signalling pathway were markedly enriched in the low ICI score subgroup. It was inferred that patients with high ICI NB subtypes were more likely to respond to immunotherapy and have a better prognosis than those of patients with low ICI NB subtypes. Conclusion Notably, our ICI data not only provide a new clinical and theoretical basis for mining NB prognostic markers related to the microenvironment but also offer new ideas for the development of NB precision immunotherapy methods.
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Qiang H, Li J, Chang Q, Shen Y, Qian J, Chu T. Mining GEO and TCGA Database for Immune Microenvironment of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients With or Without Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:835225. [PMID: 35211415 PMCID: PMC8861363 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.835225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy is the main treatment for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). However, how chemotherapy affects their immune system is rarely reported. This study was aimed to compare the differences in the immune microenvironment of LUSC patients with or without chemotherapy. Methods A total of 494 LUSC samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The immune cell infiltration was evaluated by the ssGSEA algorithm, and the tumor subtype was assayed by ConsensusClusterPlus. The differences in tumor mutation burden (TMB) and clinical information between the two types were then compared. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two types were analyzed and hub genes were validated in the GEO database. Results LSCC samples in TCGA were divided into three subtypes. Then, combining the tumor subtype and immune scores, the samples were divided into hot and cold tumors. Regardless of whether LUSC patients received chemotherapy, the survival of the hot tumor group was not significantly prolonged compared with that of the cold tumor group. For LUSC patients who received chemotherapy, the TMB value in hot tumor group was significantly higher. Total 501 DEGs were identified between two groups. The high expressions of hub genes CD19, CTLA4, FCGR3B, CD80, IL-10, etc. were also validated in the GSE37745 dataset. Conclusion Chemotherapy does not affect the survival and prognosis of LUSC patients, but it significantly increases the TMB value of patients with hot tumor. The DEGs, especially hub genes, such as CD19, CTLA4, and FCGR3B, may serve as biomarkers to distinguish cold and hot tumors in LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Qiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinchen Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Lin H, Xie Y, Kong Y, Yang L, Li M. Identification of molecular subtypes and prognostic signature for hepatocellular carcinoma based on genes associated with homologous recombination deficiency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24022. [PMID: 34912005 PMCID: PMC8674316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rapidly developing digestive tract carcinoma. The prognosis of patients and side effects caused by clinical treatment should be better improved. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering was performed using 109 homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-related of HCC genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Limma was applied to analyze subtype differences. Immune scores and clinical characteristics of different subtypes were compared. An HRD signature were built with least absolute shrinkage operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox analysis. Performance of the signature system was then assessed by Kaplan–Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We identified two molecular subtypes (C1 and C2), with C2 showing a significantly better prognosis than C1. C1 contained 3623 differentially expressed genes. A 4-gene prognostic signature for HCC was established, and showed a high predicting accuracy in validation sets, entire TCGA data set, HCCDB18 and GSE14520 queues. Moreover, the risk score was validated as an independent prognostic marker for HCC. Our research identified two molecular subtypes of HCC, and proposed a novel scoring system for evaluating the prognosis of HCC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Lin
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.,Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yangyi Xie
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.,The First Clinical Faculty of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yinzhi Kong
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.,The First Clinical Faculty of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Li Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.,Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Mingfen Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China. .,Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, China.
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Gao G, Yu Z, Zhao X, Fu X, Liu S, Liang S, Deng A. Immune classification and identification of prognostic genes for uveal melanoma based on six immune cell signatures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22244. [PMID: 34782661 PMCID: PMC8593069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma could be treated by immunotherapy, which only has limited efficacy on uveal melanoma (UM). UM immunotyping for predicting immunotherapeutic responses and guiding immunotherapy should be better understood. This study identified molecular subtypes and key genetic markers associated with immunotherapy through immunosignature analysis. We screened a 6-immune cell signature simultaneously correlated with UM prognosis. Three immune subtypes (IS) were determined based on the 6-immune cell signature. Overall survival (OS) of IS3 was the longest. Significant differences of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score were detected among the three IS types. IS3 with the highest LDA score showed a low immunosuppression. IS1 with the lowest LDA score was more immunosuppressive. LDA score was significantly negatively correlated with most immune checkpoint-related genes, and could reflect UM patients’ response to anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified that salmon, purple, yellow modules were related to IS and screened 6 prognostic genes. Patients with high-expressed NME1 and TMEM255A developed poor prognosis, while those with high-expressed BEX5 and ROPN1 had better prognosis. There was no notable difference in OS between patients with high-expressed LRRN1 and ST13 and those with low-expressed LRRN1 and ST13. NME1, TMEM255A, Bex5 and ROPN1 showed potential prognostic significance in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhilong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyi Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Shengsheng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Aijun Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Clinical Medical Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
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Li R, He Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Liu X, Liu H, Wu H, Liang Z. Identification and Validation of Immune Molecular Subtypes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Implications for Prognosis and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690056. [PMID: 34335594 PMCID: PMC8320597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains treatment refractory. Immunotherapy has achieved success in the treatment of multiple malignancies. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy in PDAC is limited by a lack of promising biomarkers. In this research, we aimed to identify robust immune molecular subtypes of PDAC to facilitate prognosis prediction and patient selection for immunotherapy. Methods A training cohort of 149 PDAC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with mRNA expression data was analyzed. By means of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), we virtually dissected the immune-related signals from bulk gene expression data. Detailed immunogenomic and survival analyses of the immune molecular subtypes were conducted to determine their biological and clinical relevance. Validation was performed in five independent datasets on a total of 615 samples. Results Approximately 31% of PDAC samples (46/149) had higher immune cell infiltration, more active immune cytolytic activity, higher activation of the interferon pathway, a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), and fewer copy number alterations (CNAs) than the other samples (all P < 0.001). This new molecular subtype was named Immune Class, which served as an independent favorable prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.97). Immune Class in cooperation with previously reported tumor and stroma classifications had a cumulative effect on PDAC prognostic stratification. Moreover, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors showed potential efficacy for Immune Class (P = 0.04). The robustness of our immune molecular subtypes was further verified in the validation cohort. Conclusions By capturing immune-related signals in the PDAC tumor microenvironment, we reveal a novel molecular subtype, Immune Class. Immune Class serves as an independent favorable prognostic factor for overall survival in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Li
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yangzhige He
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoding Liu
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hangqi Liu
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Bioinformatics Analysis of GFAP as a Potential Key Regulator in Different Immune Phenotypes of Prostate Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1466255. [PMID: 34222466 PMCID: PMC8225431 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1466255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immune escape plays an essential role in both cancer progression and immunotherapy responses. For prostate cancer (PC), however, the molecular mechanisms that drive its different immune phenotypes have yet to be fully elucidated. Patient gene expression data were analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas-prostate adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. We used a Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) analysis and an unsupervised clustering analysis to identify patient subgroups with distinct immune phenotypes. These distinct phenotypes were then explored for associations for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and both epigenetic and genetic landscapes. Finally, we used a protein-protein interaction analysis to identify key hub genes. We identified two patient subgroups with independent immune phenotypes associated with the expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Patient samples in Cluster 1 (C1) had higher scores for immune-cell subsets compared to Cluster 2 (C2), and C2 samples had higher specific somatic mutations, MHC mutations, and genomic copy number variations compared to C1. We also found additional cluster phenotype differences for DNA methylation, microRNA (miRNA) expression, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression. Furthermore, we established a 4-gene model to distinguish between clusters by integrating analyses for DEGs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and methylation. Notably, we found that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) might serve as a key hub gene within the genetic and epigenetic regulatory networks. These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor immune phenotypes that are associated with tumor immune escape. In addition, GFAP may be a potential biomarker for both PC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals Central Role for Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Uveal Melanoma Progression. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9920234. [PMID: 34195299 PMCID: PMC8214507 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9920234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are capable of effective cancer surveillance, and their abundance is linked to better prognosis in numerous tumor types. However, in uveal melanoma (UM), extensive immune infiltrate is associated with poor survival. This study aims to decipher the role of different tumor-infiltrating cell subsets in UM in order to identify potential targets for future immunotherapeutic treatment. We have chosen the TCGA-UVM cohort as a training dataset and GSE22138 as a testing dataset by mining publicly available databases. The abundance of 22 immune cell types was estimated using CIBERSORTx. Then, to determine the significance of tumor-infiltrating cell subsets in UM, we built a multicell type prognostic signature, which was validated in the testing cohort. The created signature was built upon the negative prognostic role of CD8+ T cells and M0 macrophages and the positive role of neutrophils. Based on the created signature score, we divided the patients into low- and high-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier, Cox, and ROC analyses demonstrated superior performance of our risk score compared to either clinical or pathologic characteristics of both cohorts. Further, we found the molecular pathways associated with cancer immunoevasion and metastasis to be enriched in the high-risk group, explaining both the lack of adequate immune surveillance despite increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells as well as the higher metastatic potential. Genes associated with tryptophan metabolism (IDO1 and KYNU) and metalloproteinases were among the most differentially expressed between the high- and low-risk groups. Our correlation analyses interpreted in context of published in vitro data strongly suggest the central role of CD8+ T cells in shifting the UM tumor microenvironment towards suppressive and metastasis-promoting. Therefore, we propose further investigations of IDO1 and metalloproteinases as novel targets for immunotherapy in lymphocyte-rich metastatic UM patients.
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Liu J, Lu J, Li W. A Comprehensive Prognostic and Immunological Analysis of a Six-Gene Signature Associated With Glycolysis and Immune Response in Uveal Melanoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738068. [PMID: 34630418 PMCID: PMC8494389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a subtype of melanoma with poor prognosis. This study aimed to construct a new prognostic gene signature that can be used for survival prediction and risk stratification of UM patients. In this work, transcriptome data from the Molecular Signatures Database were used to identify the cancer hallmarks most relevant to the prognosis of UM patients. Weighted gene co-expression network, univariate least absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to construct the prognostic gene characteristics. Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the survival predictive ability of the gene signature. The results showed that glycolysis and immune response were the main risk factors for overall survival (OS) in UM patients. Using univariate Cox regression analysis, 238 candidates related to the prognosis of UM patients were identified (p < 0.05). Using LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses, a six-gene signature including ARPC1B, BTBD6, GUSB, KRTCAP2, RHBDD3, and SLC39A4 was constructed. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the UM cohort in the training set showed that patients with higher risk scores had worse OS (HR = 2.61, p < 0.001). The time-dependent ROC (t-ROC) curve showed that the risk score had good predictive efficiency for UM patients in the training set (AUC > 0.9). Besides, t-ROC analysis showed that the predictive ability of risk scores was significantly higher than that of other clinicopathological characteristics. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that risk score was an independent risk factor for OS in UM patients. The prognostic value of risk scores was further verified in two external UM cohorts (GSE22138 and GSE84976). Two-factor survival analysis showed that UM patients with high hypoxia or immune response scores and high risk scores had the worst prognosis. Moreover, a nomogram based on the six-gene signature was established for clinical practice. In addition, risk scores were related to the immune infiltration profiles. Taken together, this study identified a new prognostic six-gene signature related to glycolysis and immune response. This six-gene signature can not only be used for survival prediction and risk stratification but also may be a potential therapeutic target for UM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Department of Medical Affairs, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenli Li,
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Guo Y, Wang YL, Su WH, Yang PT, Chen J, Luo H. Three Genes Predict Prognosis in Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:990. [PMID: 32983229 PMCID: PMC7492617 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecological cancer in women. Immune cell infiltration has a critical role in regulating carcinogenesis and prognosis in OC. To identify prognostic genes relevant to the tumor microenvironment in OC, we investigated the association between OC and gene expression profiles. Results obtained with the ESTIMATE R tool showed that immune score and stromal score were correlated with lymphatic invasion, and high immune score predicted a favorable prognosis. A total of 342 common differentially expressed genes were identified according to the two scores; these genes were mainly involved in immune response, extracellular region, and serine-type endopeptidase activity. Three immune-related prognostic genes were selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. We further established a prognostic model and validated the prognostic value of three hub genes in different databases; our results showed that this model could accurately predict survival and evaluate prognosis independent of clinical characteristics. Three hub genes have prognostic value in OC. TIMER analysis revealed that the three genes were correlated with different immune cells. Low levels of macrophage infiltration and high levels of CD4+ T cell infiltration were associated with favorable survival outcomes. Arm-level gain of GYPC was correlated with neutrophils and dendritic cells. These findings indicate that CXCR4, GYPC, and MMP12 modulate prognosis via effects on the infiltration of immune cells. Thus, these genes represent potential targets for immune therapy in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'anjiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Li Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'anjiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wang Hui Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'anjiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Tao Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'anjiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'anjiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'anjiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
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A Phase II Study of Glembatumumab Vedotin for Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082270. [PMID: 32823698 PMCID: PMC7465139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glembatumumab vedotin (CDX-011, GV) is a fully human Immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal antibody directed against glycoprotein NMB coupled via a peptide linker to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a potent cytotoxic microtubule inhibitor. This phase II study evaluated the overall response rate and safety of GV, glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) expression, and survival in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Eligible patients with metastatic uveal melanoma who had not previously been treated with chemotherapy received GV 1.9 mg/kg every three weeks. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included GPNMB expression, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity analysis. GPNMB expression was assessed pre- and post-treatment via immunohistochemistry for patients with available tumor tissue. Out of 35 patients who received treatment, two patients had confirmed partial responses (PRs; 6%), and 18 patients had a stable disease (SD; 51%) as the best objective response. 38% of the patients had stable disease >100 days. The grade 3 or 4 toxicities that occurred in two or more patients were neutropenia, rash, hyponatremia, and vomiting. The median progression-free survival was 3.1 months (95% CI: 1.5–5.6), and the median overall survival was 11.9 months (95% CI 9.0–16.9) in the evaluable study population. GV is well-tolerated in metastatic uveal melanoma. The disease control rate was 57% despite a low objective response rate. Exploratory immune correlation studies are underway to provide insight into target saturation, combination strategies, and antigen release.
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Liu C, Hu C, Li Z, Feng J, Huang J, Yang B, Wen T. Systematic profiling of alternative splicing in Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric cancer and their clinical significance. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:279. [PMID: 32617077 PMCID: PMC7325377 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative splicing (AS) may cause structural and functional variations in the protein to promote the proliferation of tumor cells. However, there is no comprehensive analysis of the clinical significance of AS in Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric cancer (HP− GC). Methods The clinical, gene expression profile data and AS events of 138 HP− GC patients were obtained from the database named the cancer genome atlas. Differently expressed AS (DEAS) events were determined by a comparison of the PSI values between HP− GC samples and adjacent normal samples. Unsupervised clustering analysis, proportional regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to explore the association between clinical data and immune features and to establish two nomograms about the prognosis of HP− GC. Finally, splicing networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Results A total of 48141 AS events and 1041 DEAS events were found in HP− GC. Various functions and pathways of DEAS events parent genes were enriched, such as cell-substrate junction, cell leading edge, focal adhension, and AMPK signaling. Seven overall survival (OS)-related and seven disease-free survival (DFS)-related AS events were used to construct the prognostic signatures. Based on the independent prognostic factors, two nomograms were established and showed excellent performance. Then, splicing regulatory networks among the correlations suggested that splicing factors were significantly associated with prognostic DEASs. Finally, the unsupervised clustering analysis revealed that DEAS-based clusters were associated with clinical characteristics, tumor microenvironment, tumor mutation burden, and immune features. Conclusion Seven OS-related and seven DFS-related AS events have been found to be correlated with the prognosis of HP− GC and can be used as prognostic factors to establish an effective nomogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Jiale Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Ti Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
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Bustamante P, Piquet L, Landreville S, Burnier JV. Uveal melanoma pathobiology: Metastasis to the liver. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:65-85. [PMID: 32450140 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a type of intraocular tumor with a propensity to disseminate to the liver. Despite the identification of the early driver mutations during the development of the pathology, the process of UM metastasis is still not fully comprehended. A better understanding of the genetic, molecular, and environmental factors participating to its spread and metastatic outgrowth could provide additional approaches for UM treatment. In this review, we will discuss the advances made towards the understanding of the pathogenesis of metastatic UM, summarize the current and prospective treatments, and introduce some of the ongoing research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Bustamante
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Léo Piquet
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; CUO-Recherche and Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Solange Landreville
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; CUO-Recherche and Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Julia V Burnier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department Of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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