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Li C, Wang B, Tu J, Liu C, Wang Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Liu B, Yuan X. ATM inhibition enhance immunotherapy by activating STING signaling and augmenting MHC Class I. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:519. [PMID: 39033176 PMCID: PMC11271473 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the concept that DNA damage response targeted therapies can improve antitumor immune response by increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells and improving the tumor immune microenvironment. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a core component of the DNA repair system. Although the ATM gene has a significant mutation rate in many human cancers, including colorectal, prostate, lung, and breast, it remains understudied compared with other DDR-involved molecules such as PARP and ATR. Here, we found that either gene knockout or drug intervention, ATM inhibition activated the cGAS/STING pathway and augmented MHC class I in CRC cells, and these effects could be amplified by radiation. Furthermore, we found that MHC class I upregulation induced by ATM inhibition is dependent on the activation of the NFκB/IRF1/NLRC5 pathway and independent of STING. Animal experiments have shown increasing infiltration and cytotoxic function of T cells and better survival in ATM-deficient tumors. This work indicated that ATM nonsense mutation predicted the clinical benefits of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade for patients with CRC. It also provides a molecular mechanism rationale for ATM-targeted agents for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaofan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongbiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Floyd W, Carpenter D, Vaios E, Shenker R, Hendrickson P, Adamson JD, Giles WM, Wang C, Allen K, Mullikin T, Floyd SR, Kirkpatrick JP, Green M, Reitman ZJ. Effects of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Variants on Radionecrosis and Local Control After Stereotactic Radiation Surgery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases. Adv Radiat Oncol 2024; 9:101320. [PMID: 38260227 PMCID: PMC10801648 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2023.101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Genetic variants affecting the radiation response protein ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) have been associated with increased adverse effects of radiation but also with improved local control after conventional radiation therapy. However, it is unknown whether ATM variants affect rates of radionecrosis (RN) and local intracranial progression (LIP) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases. Methods and Materials Patients undergoing an initial course of SRS for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases at a single institution were retrospectively identified. Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated and Cox proportional hazards testing was performed based on ATM variant status. Results A total of 541 patients completed SRS for brain metastasis secondary to NSCLC, of whom 260 completed molecular profiling. Variants of ATM were identified in 36 cases (13.8%). Among patients who completed molecular profiling, RN incidence was 4.9% (95% CI, 1.6%-8.2%) at 6 months and 9.9% (95% CI, 4.8%-15.0%) at 12 months. Incidence of RN was not significantly increased among patients with ATM variants, with an RN incidence of 5.3% (95% CI, 0.0%-15.3%) at both 6 and 12 months (P = .46). For all patients who completed genomic profiling, LIP was 5.4% (95% CI, 2.4%-8.4%) at 6 months and 9.8% (5.5%-14.1%) at 12 months. A significant improvement in LIP was not detected among patients with ATM variants, with an LIP incidence of 3.1% (0.0%-9.1%) at both 6 and 12 months (P = .26). Although differences according to ATM variant type (pathologic variant or variant of unknown significance) did not reach significance, no patients with ATM pathologic variants experienced LIP. Conclusions We did not detect significant associations between ATM variant status and RN or LIP after SRS for NSCLC brain metastases. The current data set allows estimation of patient cohort sizes needed to power future investigations to identify genetic variants that associate with significant differences in outcomes after SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Green
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zachary J. Reitman
- Department of Radiation Oncology
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Hernandez-Martinez JM, Rosell R, Arrieta O. Somatic and germline ATM variants in non-small-cell lung cancer: Therapeutic implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023:104058. [PMID: 37343657 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ATM is an apical kinase of the DNA damage response involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Germline ATM variants (gATM) have been associated with an increased risk of developing lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and approximately 9% of LUAD tumors harbor somatic ATM mutations (sATM). Biallelic carriers of pathogenic gATM exhibit a plethora of immunological abnormalities, but few studies have evaluated the contribution of immune dysfunction to lung cancer susceptibility. Indeed, little is known about the clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer patients with sATM or gATM alterations. The introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, and the increasing number of clinical trials evaluating treatment combinations, warrants a careful reexamination of the benefits and harms that different therapeutic approaches have had in lung cancer patients with sATM or gATM. This review will discuss the role of ATM in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, highlighting potential therapeutic approaches to manage ATM-deficient lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Manuel Hernandez-Martinez
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México (INCan); CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; (4)Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México (INCan).
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Shao L, Zhang Y, Gong X, Dong Z, Wei W, Sun H, Sun R, Cong L, Cong X, Jin S. Effects of MLL5 and HOXA regulated by NRP1 on radioresistance in A549. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:403. [PMID: 33777226 PMCID: PMC7988706 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in the management of lung cancer, and physicians are aware that the effect of radiotherapy is dependent on radiosensitivity. Although a series of blockers and activators targeting molecules related to radioresistance have been developed as radiation sensitizers, compensatory mechanisms or drug resistance limits their clinical efficacy. The identification of a key molecule related to lung cancer cell radioresistance or an effective molecular target is a challenging but important problem in radiation oncology. A previous study found that neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is related to radioresistance in A549 cells and is associated with VEGF, PI3K-Akt, MAPK-ERK, P38, NF-κβ and TGF-β. Inhibition of NRP1 can increase the radiosensitivity of A549 cells. Therefore, NRP1 may be a molecular target for radiotherapy-sensitizing drugs in lung cancer. The present study investigated the key downstream genes of NRP1, verified their regulation and clarified their roles in regulating lung cancer radioresistance. NRP1 positively regulated the downstream homeobox genes (HOXs) HOXA6, HOXA9 and mixed lineage leukaemia 5 (MLL5) in addition to MLL5-regulated HOXA6 and HOXA9, but these genes did not regulate NRP1. MLL5, HOXA6 and HOXA9 levels were decreased in tumour tissues and positively correlated with NRP1. All of these genes were induced by ionizing radiation in vivo and in vitro. NRP1 expression was significantly lower in squamous cell carcinoma compared with that in adenocarcinoma, and lymph node metastasis occurred more often in patients with lung cancer with high MLL5 and NRP1 expression compared with patients with low MLL5 and NRP1 expression. Collectively, these data confirmed that NRP1 is associated with MLL5 and regulates radioresistance through HOXA6 and HOXA9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Shao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xinkou Gong
- Department Radiology, 2nd Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Dong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Ran Sun
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Lele Cong
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xianling Cong
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Shunzi Jin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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