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Bao S, Yi M, Xiang B, Chen P. Antitumor mechanisms and future clinical applications of the natural product triptolide. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:150. [PMID: 38678240 PMCID: PMC11055311 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL) is a compound sourced from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F., a traditional Chinese medicinal herb recognized for its impressive anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, immunosuppressive, and antitumor qualities. Notwithstanding its favorable attributes, the precise mechanism through which TPL influences tumor cells remains enigmatic. Its toxicity and limited water solubility significantly impede the clinical application of TPL. We offer a comprehensive overview of recent research endeavors aimed at unraveling the antitumor mechanism of TPL in this review. Additionally, we briefly discuss current strategies to effectively manage the challenges associated with TPL in future clinical applications. By compiling this information, we aim to enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in TPL and identify potential avenues for further advancement in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Pan F, Shu Q, Xie H, Zhao L, Wu P, Du Y, Lu J, He Y, Wang X, Peng H. Protective effects of triptolide against oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium cells via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway: a network pharmacological method and experimental validation. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3955-3972. [PMID: 38393691 PMCID: PMC10929812 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among aging adults, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a prevalent cause of blindness. Nevertheless, its progression may be halted by antioxidation in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The primary effective constituent of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F., triptolide (TP), has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antioxidant properties. The mechanics of the protective effect of triptolide against the oxidative damage in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) were assessed in this study. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with TP, and then exposed to sodium iodate (SI). First, cell viability was assessed using CCK-8. Subsequently, we measured indicators for cell oxidation including reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Then, we used network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking to explore the signaling pathway of TP. Last, we used western blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence assays to clarify the potential mechanistic pathways. RESULTS The network pharmacology data suggested that TP may inhibit AMD by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Experimental results showed that the potential mechanism is that it regulates the PI3K/Akt pathway and promotes Nrf2 phosphorylation and activation, thereby raising the level of antioxidant factors (HO-1, NQO1) and reducing the generation of ROS, which inhibit oxidative damage. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the effect of TP on SI-exposed RPE cells principally relies on the regulation of oxidative stress through the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qinxin Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuxia He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
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He Z, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Liu X. Triptolide activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway to improve Alzheimer disease. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:173-182. [PMID: 37624431 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with pathological features of accumulated amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and the significant inflammatory environment. These features modify the living microenvironment for nerve cells, causing the damage, dysfunction, and death. Progressive neuronal loss directly leads to cognitive decline in AD patients and is closely related to brain inflammation. Therefore, impairing inflammation via signaling pathways may facilitate either the prevention or delay of the degenerative process. Triptolide has been evidenced to possess potent anti-inflammatory effect. In this review, we elaborate on two signaling pathways (the NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways) that are involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoting He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Bupa Cromwell Hospital, Kensington, London, UK
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China.
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Lv C, Cheng T, Zhang B, Sun K, Lu K. Triptolide protects against podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2165103. [PMID: 36938748 PMCID: PMC10035962 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2165103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the mechanism of triptolide (TP) in podocyte injury in DN.Methods: DN mouse models were established by feeding with a high-fat diet and injecting with streptozocin and MPC5 podocyte injury models were induced by high-glucose (HG), followed by TP treatment. Fasting blood glucose and renal function indicators, such as 24 h urine albumin (UAlb), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and kidney/body weight ratio of mice were examined. H&E and TUNEL staining were performed for evaluating pathological changes and apoptosis in renal tissue. The podocyte markers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress (OS), serum inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-related proteins, and pyroptosis were detected by Western blotting and corresponding kits. MPC5 cell viability and pyroptosis were evaluated by MTT and Hoechst 33342/PI double-fluorescence staining. Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 was used to verify the regulation of TP on Nrf2.Results: TP improved renal function and histopathological injury of DN mice, alleviated podocytes injury, reduced OS and ROS by activating the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, and weakened pyroptosis by inhibiting the nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. In vitro experiments further verified the inhibition of TP on OS and pyroptosis by mediating the Nrf2/HO-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Inhibition of Nrf2 reversed the protective effect of TP on MPC5 cells.Conclusions: Overall, TP alleviated podocyte injury in DN by inhibiting OS and pyroptosis via Nrf2/ROS/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyang Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keda Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Puwei S, Jiali X, Zhuoga D, Kede W, Patel N, Jia A, Jirong Q, Xuming M. Bioinformatic analysis identifies GPR91 as a potential key gene in brain injury after deep hypothermic low flow. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15286. [PMID: 37187908 PMCID: PMC10176032 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Explore the transcription change of brain ischemia and reperfusion injury after deep hypothermic low flow. Method The data from PRJNA739516 and GSE104036 were obtained for the differentially expressed genes identification, functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction construction and hub gene identification. Oxygen and glucose deprivation model was set to validate the hub gene and explore the detailed brain injury mechanism. Result Interleukin, immunological response, NF-κB signaling pathway, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and NLRP inflammatory are functional pathway were enriched in differentially expressed genes analysis. Sucnr1, Casr, Cxcr4, C5ar1, Tas2r41, Tas2r60 and Hcar2 were identified and verified in the OGD model. Knocking down GPR91 reduces the inflammatory response after OGD and GPR91 may be involved in the inflammatory pre-reaction through the synergistic activation of NF-κB, NLRP3, and IL-1β respectively. Conclusion Our study found that Interleukin, immunological response, NF-κB signaling pathway, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and NLRP inflammatory are all associated with brain ischemia and reperfusion injury after deep hypothermic low flow and GPR91 can activate NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and trigger the release of IL-1β in this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Puwei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xu Jiali
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Deqin Zhuoga
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wu Kede
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Nishant Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - An Jia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qi Jirong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Children University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Mo Xuming
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Yu MH, Yang Q, Zhang YP, Wang JH, Zhang RJZ, Liu ZG, Liu XC. Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist WIN55, 212-2 Attenuates Injury in the Hippocampus of Rats after Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030525. [PMID: 36979335 PMCID: PMC10046860 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative neurological deficits remain a challenge in cardiac surgery employing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of WIN55, 212-2, a cannabinoid agonist, on brain injury in a rat model of DHCA. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (which underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) only), a DHCA group (CPB with DHCA), and a WIN group (WIN55, 212-2 pretreatment before CPB with DHCA). Histopathological changes in the brain were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Plasma levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of SOD in the hippocampus was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Levels of apoptotic-related protein caspase-3 and type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) in the hippocampus were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS WIN55, 212-2 administration attenuated histopathological injury of the hippocampus in rats undergoing DHCA, associated with lowered levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, vs. DHCA, respectively) and an increased level of SOD (p < 0.05 vs. DHCA). WIN55, 212-2 treatment also increased the content of SOD in the hippocampus. The protein expression of caspase-3 was downregulated and the expression of CB1R was upregulated in the hippocampus by WIN55, 212-2. CONCLUSIONS the administration of WIN55, 212-2 alleviates hippocampal injury induced by DHCA in rats by regulating intrinsic inflammatory and oxidative stress responses through a CB1R-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huan Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - You-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Ren-Jian-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, 61 Third Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300456, China
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Zhu H, Tong S, Yan C, Zhou A, Wang M, Li C. Triptolide attenuates LPS-induced activation of RAW 264.7 macrophages by inducing M1-to-M2 repolarization via the mTOR/STAT3 signaling. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:894-901. [PMID: 35793125 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2093738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tract, which can develop into colorectal cancer. Triptolide (TP) is a predominant bioactive ingredient of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F., and has been proven to have the therapeutic potential for various human diseases. OBJECTIVE In our study, we examined the function of TP in the progression of IBD. METHODS 3-(4,5)dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide assay was used to evaluate the viability of RAW264.7 cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to detect the relative gene expression. Western blot was used to detect the relative protein expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to examine the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-6. RESULT Our research demonstrated that TP restrained lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-caused activation of RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by the reduction of PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6, and increase of IL-10. TP treatment also restrained M1-type macrophage polarization and facilitated M2-type macrophage polarization of RAW 264.7 cells in the presence of LPS. Moreover, TP mitigated LPS-induced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in RAW264.7 cells. Further, activation of the mTOR/STAT3 signaling by MHY1485 attenuated the effect of TP in regulation of macrophage polarization in RAW264.7 cells in the presence of LPS. CONCLUSION Overall, our results indicated that TP attenuated LPS-induced activation of RAW 264.7 macrophages by inducing M1-to-M2 repolarization via repression of the mTOR/STAT3 signaling. Therefore, TP might be an effective agent for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Wuxi Traditionnal Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Shaopeng Tong
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Wuxi YEBO Proctology Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Congrong Yan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Wuxi Traditionnal Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Acheng Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Wuxi Traditionnal Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Minying Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Wuxi Traditionnal Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Wuxi Traditionnal Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
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AdipoRon Inhibits Neuroinflammation Induced by Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Involving the AMPK/NF-κB Pathway in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112467. [PMID: 36432657 PMCID: PMC9698032 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) can induce systemic inflammatory response syndrome, including neuroinflammation. Finding suitable compounds is necessary for attenuating neuroinflammation and avoiding cerebral complications following DHCA. In the present study, we established DHCA rat models and monitored the vital signs during the surgical process. After surgery, we found significantly increased proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in DHCA rats. Quantitative proteomics analysis was performed for exploring the differentially expressed proteins in hippocampus of DHCA rats and the data showed the adiponectin receptor 1 protein was upregulated. More importantly, administration of AdipoRon, a small-molecule adiponectin receptor agonist, could improve the basic vital signs and attenuate the increased IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in DHCA rats. Furthermore, AdipoRon inhibits the activation of microglia (M1 state) and promotes their transition to an anti-inflammatory state, via promoting the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and downregulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in DHCA rats. Consistently, we used LPS-treated BV2 cells to mimic the neuroinflammatory condition and found that AdipoRon dose-dependently decreased cytokines, along with increased phosphorylation of AMPK and downregulated NF-κB. In conclusion, our present data supported that AdipoRon inhibited DHCA-induced neuroinflammation via activating the hippocampal AMPK/NF-κB pathway.
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XueFu ZhuYu Decoction Alleviates Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis by Inhibiting IkB-α/NF-κB Pathway in Acute Lung Injury Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6248870. [PMID: 36124015 PMCID: PMC9482486 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6248870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
XueFu ZhuYu Decoction (XFZYD) is an effective prescription that is widely used to improve blood circulation by removing blood stasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of XFZYD on lung pyroptosis in cardiopulmonary bypass- (CPB-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) rats. A rat model of ALI was induced by CPB treatment after XFZYD, Ac-YVAD-CMK, and Bay-11-7082 administration. The respiratory index (RI) and oxygenation index (OI) were determined at each time point. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α in serum and lung were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Moreover, the protein levels, neutrophil counts, and total cell of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. Additionally, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression was detected by immunohistochemical assay. Lung injury was evaluated with the wet/dry (W/D) ratio and pathologic changes, respectively. Besides, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IkB-α/NF-κB pathway proteins was estimated by immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting assays, respectively. XFZYD pretreatment significantly ameliorated pulmonary ventilation function and reduced the CPB-induced lung histopathological injury, inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF and lung, and the apoptosis of lung cells. Interestingly, XFZYD decreased the CPB-induced NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 p20, Pro-GSDMD, GSDMD p30, IL-18, IL-1β p-P65, and p-IKBα mRNA or protein levels in lung tissues in ALI model rats. In summary, these findings suggest that XFZYD effectively mitigates NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis in CPB-induced ALI model rats, possibly by inhibiting the IkB-α/NF-κB pathway in the lung.
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Gao J, Liang Z, Zhao F, Liu X, Ma N. Triptolide inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation via the microRNA-155-5p/brain-derived neurotrophic factor to reduce podocyte injury in mice with diabetic nephropathy. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12275-12288. [PMID: 35603354 PMCID: PMC9275869 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2067293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of diabetes. This study sought to explore the mechanism of triptolide (TP) in podocyte injury in DN. DN mice were induced by high-fat diet&streptozocin and treated with TP. Fasting blood glucose, 24 h urine microalbumin (UMA), the pathological changes of renal tissues, and ultrastructure of renal podocytes were observed. Podocytes (MPC5) were induced by high-glucose (HG) in vitro and treated with TP or microRNA (miR)-155-5p mimics, with Irbesartan as positive control. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and levels of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory factors in MPC5 were detected. The levels of miR-155-5p, podocyte marker protein Nephrin, and inflammatory factors in mice and MPC5 were detected. The targeting relationship between miR-155-5p and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was verified. The expression levels of BDNF were detected. miR-155-5p mimics and overexpressed (oe)-BDNF plasmids were co-transfected into mouse podocytes treated with HG and TP. TP reduced fasting glucose and 24 h UMA of DN mice, alleviated the pathological damage and podocyte injury, up-regulated Nephrin level, and down-regulated miR-155-5p. TP down-regulated the high expression of miR-155-5p in HG-induced MPC5 cells and inhibited HG-induced OS and inflammatory injury, and the improvement effect of TP was better than Irbesartan. Overexpression of miR-155-5p reversed the protective effect of TP on injured mouse podocytes. miR-155-5p targeted BDNF. oe-BDNF reversed the inhibitory effect of oe-miR-155-5p on TP protection on podocyte injury in mice. Overall, TP up-regulated BDNF by inhibiting miR-155-5p, thus inhibiting OS and inflammatory damage and alleviating podocyte injury in DN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- The First Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- The First Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- The First Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- The First Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Ning Ma
- The First Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Kobayashi K, Liu C, Jonas RA, Ishibashi N. The Current Status of Neuroprotection in Congenital Heart Disease. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8121116. [PMID: 34943311 PMCID: PMC8700367 DOI: 10.3390/children8121116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurological deficits are a serious and common sequelae of congenital heart disease (CHD). While their underlying mechanisms have not been fully characterized, their manifestations are well-known and understood to persist through adulthood. Development of therapies to address or prevent these deficits are critical to attenuate future morbidity and improve quality of life. In this review, we aim to summarize the current status of neuroprotective therapy in CHD. Through an exploration of present research in the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative phases of patient management, we will describe existing clinical and bench efforts as well as current endeavors underway within this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kobayashi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (K.K.); (C.L.); (R.A.J.)
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Christopher Liu
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (K.K.); (C.L.); (R.A.J.)
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Richard A. Jonas
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (K.K.); (C.L.); (R.A.J.)
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- School of Medicine and Health Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Ishibashi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (K.K.); (C.L.); (R.A.J.)
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- School of Medicine and Health Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence:
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