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Chavda VP, Patel AB, Pandya A, Vora LK, Patravale V, Tambuwala ZM, Aljabali AAA, Serrano-Aroca Á, Mishra V, Tambuwala MM. Co-infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 and their management. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO819. [PMID: 36788985 PMCID: PMC9912272 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 was discovered in Wuhan, China and quickly spread throughout the world. This deadly virus moved from person to person, resulting in severe pneumonia, fever, chills and hypoxia. Patients are still experiencing problems after recovering from COVID-19. This review covers COVID-19 and associated issues following recovery from COVID-19, as well as multiorgan damage risk factors and treatment techniques. Several unusual illnesses, including mucormycosis, white fungus infection, happy hypoxia and other systemic abnormalities, have been reported in recovered individuals. In children, multisystem inflammatory syndrome with COVID-19 (MIS-C) is identified. The reasons for this might include uncontrollable steroid usage, reduced immunity, uncontrollable diabetes mellitus and inadequate care following COVID-19 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Aayushi B Patel
- Pharmacy Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380058, India
| | - Anjali Pandya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India
| | - Zara M Tambuwala
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Alaa AA Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid, 566, Jordan
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials & Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, Valencia, 46001, Spain
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School University of Lincoln, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
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Yang S, Zhao H, Cui R, Ma L, Ge X, Fu Q, Yu D, Niu X. Comparison of clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 infection in cancer patients without anticancer treatment and noncancer patients. Front Public Health 2022; 10:925519. [PMID: 36033814 PMCID: PMC9411742 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.925519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that cancer patients have higher rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mortality than noncancer patients. However, the differences between cancer patients undergoing regular follow-up without anticancer treatment and noncancer patients with COVID-19 have remained insufficiently investigated. Methods A retrospective case-control study of 52 patients with COVID-19 infection was performed with a 1:3 matched proportion of cancer patients undergoing regular follow-up without anticancer treatment and noncancer patients. The demographic characteristics, clinical data, laboratory tests, treatment, and complications of patients were collected from medical records. Chi-square tests and univariate and multivariate regressions were performed to assess the differences between these two cohorts of COVID-19 patients with and without cancer and risk factors for severe events in COVID-19 patients. Results Increased C-reactive protein (CRP) (>4 mg/L) (p = 0.015) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (>243 IU/L) (p = 0.038) were identified as risk factors for severe events in all enrolled COVID-19 patients based on multivariate analysis, but cancer as a chronic disease (p = 1.000) was not identified as an independent risk factor for severe events in COVID-19 patients. Compared with noncancer patients, cancer patients had a significantly longer median hospitalization time (29 days vs. 19 days, p = 0.048) and a higher incidence of hypoalbuminemia complications (84.6 vs. 46.2%, p = 0.016). Conclusions Increased CRP and LDH were risk factors for severe events in all enrolled COVID-19 patients, and an increased incidence of hypoalbuminemia complications and longer hospitalization were noted in COVID-19 cancer patients undergoing regular follow-up without anticancer treatment compared with noncancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaxin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Cui
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Ma
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhua Ge
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Dehua Yu
- Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Dehua Yu
| | - Xiaomin Niu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaomin Niu
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Romano A, Cerchione C, Conticello C, Filetti S, Bulla A, Chiarenza A, Del Fabro V, Leotta S, Markovic U, Motta G, Parisi M, Stagno F, Palumbo GA, Di Raimondo F. Reduced Absolute Count of Monocytes in Patients Carrying Hematological Neoplasms and SARS-CoV2 Infection. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051173. [PMID: 35267478 PMCID: PMC8909066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In hematological neoplasms associated with COVID-19, immunological dysfunction, including reduced count of non-classical monocytes, has been suggested as a primary driver of morbidity and mortality. In this work, we investigated the contribution of absolute monocyte count to clinical outcome of COVID-19 in 120 patients affected by hematological neoplasms that tested positive to SARS-CoV-2. We found that there was no statistical difference in 30-day mortality, rate of hospitalization for intensive cure and viral clearance at 14 days between fully vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Increased 30-day mortality was associated with presence of active/progressing disease and absolute monocyte count lower than 400 cells/uL. Reduced absolute counts of monocytes should be used as an alert of increased risk of severe/critical forms of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies, even when the full vaccination cycle has been completed. Abstract Background: Clinical course of COVID-19 depends on several patient-specific risk factors, including immune function, that is largely compromised in cancer patients. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 120 adult consecutive patients (including 34 cases of COVID-19 breakthrough after two full doses of BNT162b2 vaccine) with underlying hematological malignancies and a SARS-CoV-2 infection, in terms of patient’s clinical outcome. Results: Among fully vaccinated patients the achievement of viral clearance by day 14 was more frequent than in unvaccinated patients. Increased 30-day mortality was associated with presence of active/progressing disease and absolute monocyte count lower than 400 cells/uL. Results of multivariable analysis in unvaccinated patients showed that the pre-infection absolute count of monocytes less or equal to 400 cells/mmc, active or progressive disease of the underlying hematological malignancy, the COVID-19 severity identified by hospitalization requirement and lack of viral clearance at 14 days were independent predictors of 1-year overall survival. Conclusions: Taken together, our results indicate that absolute monocyte count determined one month before any documented SARS-CoV-2 infection could identify patients affected by hematological neoplasms with increased risk of inferior overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Romano
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
- Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori [M1] (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola (FC), Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Concetta Conticello
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Sabina Filetti
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Anna Bulla
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Annalisa Chiarenza
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Vittorio Del Fabro
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Salvatore Leotta
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Uros Markovic
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
- Oncohematology and BMT Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95125 Viagrande, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Motta
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Marina Parisi
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
- Ingrassia Department, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, AOU “Policlinico G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (V.D.F.); (S.L.); (U.M.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (F.S.); (G.A.P.); (F.D.R.)
- Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Sun H, Kang X, Chen X, Cai L, Li Y, Yu J, Wu C, Deng X. Immunosenescence evaluation of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 957 healthy adults from 20 to 95 years old. Exp Gerontol 2021; 157:111615. [PMID: 34728337 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is characterized by an age-related decline in immune system function. Major efforts have been made to identify changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets accompanying immunosenescence in elderly adults. However, the change trends of some lymphocyte subsets with age are still controversial, and populations of advanced ages, such as people in their 80s or 90s, have not yet been thoroughly investigated. To provide further insight, we recruited 957 healthy donors without certain diseases with ages ranging from 20 to 95 years. Peripheral lymphocyte subsets, including T cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells and NK cells, and the CD4/CD8 ratio were measured by flow cytometry. Additionally, regulatory CD4 T cells with inhibitory functions marked by CD3+CD4+CD25hi and the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD28 on CD8 T cells were evaluated. Sex was considered at the same time. The data indicated that in elderly people, peripheral T (p < 0.001), CD4 T (p < 0.001) and B (p < 0.001) lymphocyte subsets decreased, but the NK cell population (p < 0.001) increased. More regulatory CD4 T cells may imply stronger inhibition in the elderly population. The decreased CD28 expression with age in females verified CD28 to be an immunosenescence marker and the sharply decreased CD28 expression after 75 years in males indicated a rapid immunosenescence at the late life span of the male populations. In addition, our study established reference values for peripheral lymphocyte subsets at different age stages in males and females, which are urgently needed for the clinical management and treatment of geriatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqiang Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuru Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jihong Yu
- Clinical Biobank Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China.
| | - Xinli Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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