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Li J, Ab Rahman N, Mohamad S. Decoding Oral Carcinogenesis and Tumor Progression in Whole Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e66966. [PMID: 39280415 PMCID: PMC11401675 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to highlight the molecular mechanisms by which whole cigarette smoke affects oral carcinogenesis and its progression in human oral cells, based on evidence from original research articles published in the literature. A literature search was conducted using three databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed from May to June 2024. The articles were screened, and the data were extracted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines (2020). The included studies were subsequently evaluated using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool for bias factors. From the 14 included studies, two types of cell lines were frequently utilized: human oral mucosal epithelial cells or oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. In these cell lines, one of three forms of exposure was applied: cigarette smoke, its extract, or condensate. The mechanism of oral carcinogenesis and tumor progression includes aberrations in the heme metabolic pathway, modulation of miRNA-145, NOD1 and BiP expression, MMP-2, MMP-9, and cathepsin modulation, abnormal TSPO binding, RIP2-mediated NF-κB activation, MZF1-mediated VEGF binding, and activation of the RAGE signaling pathway. In conclusion, cigarette smoke significantly influences the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma, based on the evidence highlighted in human oral cells. While previous studies have focused on specific carcinogens and pathways, this review added to our understanding of the overall impact of whole cigarette smoke on oral carcinogenesis at the molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Pathology, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, MYS
- Pathology, Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, CHN
| | - Nurhayu Ab Rahman
- Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, MYS
| | - Suharni Mohamad
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Cluster, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, MYS
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Sang W, Zhou Y, Chen H, Yu C, Dai L, Liu Z, Chen L, Fang Y, Ma P, Wu X, Kong H, Liao W, Jiang H, Qian J, Wang D, Liu YH. Receptor-interacting Protein Kinase 2 Is an Immunotherapy Target in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:326-347. [PMID: 37824278 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal malignancy because of its aggressive nature and the paucity of effective treatment options. Almost all registered drugs have proven ineffective in addressing the needs of patients with PDAC. This is the result of a poor understanding of the unique tumor-immune microenvironment (TME) in PDAC. To identify druggable regulators of immunosuppressive TME, we performed a kinome- and membranome-focused CRISPR screening using orthotopic PDAC models. Our data showed that receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a crucial driver of immune evasion of cytotoxic T-cell killing and that genetic or pharmacologic targeting of RIPK2 sensitizes PDAC to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy, leading to prolonged survival or complete regression. Mechanistic studies revealed that tumor-intrinsic RIPK2 ablation disrupts desmoplastic TME and restores MHC class I (MHC-I) surface levels through eliminating NBR1-mediated autophagy-lysosomal degradation. Our results provide a rationale for a novel combination therapy consisting of RIPK2 inhibition and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE PDAC is resistant to almost all available therapies, including immune checkpoint blockade. Through in vivo CRISPR screen, we identified that RIPK2 plays a crucial role in facilitating immune evasion by impeding antigen presentation and cytotoxic T-cell killing. Targeting tumor-intrinsic RIPK2 either genetically or pharmacologically improves PDAC to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. See related commentary by Liu et al., p. 208 . This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Sang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery & Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiduo Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengxuan Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisi Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery & Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkun Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery & Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery & Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery & Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangji Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Kong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenting Liao
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junbin Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Hua Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery & Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li H, Sun C, Li Y, Sun H. Analysis of alternative splicing in chicken macrophages transfected with overexpression/knockdown of RIP2 gene. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3855-3866. [PMID: 37466384 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2233012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) plays a critical role in the transduction of many signaling pathways and is associated with many diseases. Alternative splicing (AS) is an essential and ubiquitous regulatory mechanism of gene expression that contributes to distinct transcript variants and many different kinds of proteins. In this present study, we characterized genome-wide AS events in wild-type chicken macrophages (WT) and RIP2 overexpression/knockdown chicken macrophages (oeRIP2/shRIP2) by high-throughput RNA sequencing technology. A total of 1901, 2061, and 817 differentially expressed (DE) AS genes were identified in the comparison of oeRIP2 vs. WT, oeRIP2 vs. shRIP2, and shRIP2 vs. WT, respectively. These DE AS genes participated in many important KEGG pathways, including regulation of autophagy, Wnt signaling pathway, Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, MAPK signaling pathway, and Focal adhesion, etc. In conclusion, this research provided a broad atlas of the genome-wide scale of the AS event landscape in RIP2 overexpression/knockdown and wild-type chicken macrophages. This research also provides the theoretical basis of the gene network related to RIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
- Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changhua Sun
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
- Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
- Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Rivoal M, Dubuquoy L, Millet R, Leleu-Chavain N. Receptor Interacting Ser/Thr-Protein Kinase 2 as a New Therapeutic Target. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14391-14410. [PMID: 37857324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Receptor interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a downstream signaling molecule essential for the activation of several innate immune receptors, including the NOD-like receptors (NOD1 and NOD2). Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular pattern proteins by NOD1/2 leads to their interaction with RIPK2, which induces release of pro-inflammatory cytokines through the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways, among others. Thus, RIPK2 has emerged as a key mediator of intracellular signal transduction and represents a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various conditions, including inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this Perspective, first, an overview of the mechanisms that underlie RIPK2 function will be presented along with its role in several diseases. Then, the existing inhibitors that target RIPK2 and different therapeutic strategies will be reviewed, followed by a discussion on current challenges and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Rivoal
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Régis Millet
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Natascha Leleu-Chavain
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Tian E, Zhou C, Quan S, Su C, Zhang G, Yu Q, Li J, Zhang J. RIPK2 inhibitors for disease therapy: Current status and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115683. [PMID: 37531744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) belongs to the receptor-interacting protein family (RIPs), which is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. RIPK2 is widely expressed in human tissues, and its mRNA level is highly expressed in the spleen, leukocytes, placenta, testis, and heart. RIPK2 is a dual-specificity kinase with multiple domains, which can interact with tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), and participate in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) signaling pathways. It is considered as a vital adapter molecule involved in the innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and apoptosis. Functionally, RIPK2 and its targeted small molecules are of great significance in inflammatory responses, autoimmune diseases and tumors. The present study reviews the molecule structure and biological functions of RIPK2, and its correlation between human diseases. In addition, we focus on the structure-activity relationship of small molecule inhibitors of RIPK2 and their therapeutic potential in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changhan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuqi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chongying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Quanwei Yu
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Yang Y, Ge J, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Sun H, Li H. Long noncoding RNAs expression profile of RIP2 knockdown in chicken HD11 macrophages associated with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104650. [PMID: 36736641 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) has been detected to cause many acute and chronic diseases, resulting in huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Previous experiments have identified the effect of receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIP2) gene in APEC infection. Moreover, increasing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the anti-bacteria responses. However, little is known about the functions of lncRNAs, especially related to RIP2, in response to APEC. Therefore, we tried to reveal lncRNAs potentially involved in the immune and inflammatory response against APEC infection, with a particular focus on those possibly correlated with RIP2. A total of 1856 and 1373 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were identified in knockdown of RIP2 cells following APEC infection (shRIP2+APEC) vs. APEC and shRIP2 vs. wild type cells (WT), respectively, which were mainly enriched in lysosome, phagosome, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway. Significantly, TCONS_00009695 regulated by RIP2 could directly alter the expression of target BIRC3 to modulate cytokines and to participate in immune and inflammatory response against APEC infection. Our findings aid to a better understanding of host responses to APEC infection and provide new directions for understanding the potential association between lncRNAs and APEC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiayi Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Huan Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Qian Y, Wang W, Chen D, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wang X. Cigarette smoking induces the activation of RIP2/caspase-12/NF- κB axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14330. [PMID: 36353608 PMCID: PMC9639427 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors for the occurrence and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) has been involved in mucosal immunity and homeostasis via a positive regulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor activity. Caspase-12 can bind to RIP2 and dampen mucosal immunity. However, the roles of RIP2/NF-κB and caspase-12 in OSCC induced by cigarette smoking remain unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on the RIP2/NF-κB and caspase-12 in human OSCC tissues and OSCC cell lines (HSC-3). We first observed that RIP2 mediated NF-κB activation and caspase-12 upregulation in OSCC patients with cigarette smoking and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated HSC-3 cells, respectively. Moreover, we confirmed that the downregulation of RIP2 by siRNA resulted in the reduction of caspase-12 expression and NF-κB activity in the presence of CSE treatment in vitro. In summary, our results indicated that cigarette smoking induced the activation of the RIP2/caspase-12/NF-κB axis and it played an important role in the development of OSCC. The RIP2/caspase-12/NF-κB axis could be a target for OSCC prevention and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Qian
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenmei Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Ermine K, Yu J, Zhang L. Role of Receptor Interacting Protein (RIP) kinases in cancer. Genes Dis 2022; 9:1579-1593. [PMID: 36157481 PMCID: PMC9485196 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor Interacting Protein (RIP) kinase family consists of seven Serine/Threonine kinases, which plays a key signaling role in cell survival and cell death. Each RIP family member contains a conserved kinase domain and other domains that determine the specific kinase function through protein-protein interactions. RIP1 and RIP3 are best known for their critical roles in necroptosis, programmed necrosis and a non-apoptotic inflammatory cell death process. Dysregulation of RIP kinases contributes to a variety of pathogenic conditions such as inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, and cancer. In cancer cells, alterations of RIP kinases at genetic, epigenetic and expression levels are frequently found, and suggested to promote tumor progression and metastasis, escape of antitumor immune response, and therapeutic resistance. However, RIP kinases can be either pro-tumor or anti-tumor depending on specific tumor types and cellular contexts. Therapeutic agents for targeting RIP kinases have been tested in clinical trials mainly for inflammatory diseases. Deregulated expression of these kinases in different types of cancer suggests that they represent attractive therapeutic targets. The focus of this review is to outline the role of RIP kinases in cancer, highlighting potential opportunities to manipulate these proteins in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee Ermine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Xu DM, Li M, Lin SB, Yang ZL, Xu TY, Yang JH, Yin J. Comprehensive Analysis of Transcriptional Expression of hsa-mir-21 Predicted Target Genes and Immune Characteristics in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1482-1501. [PMID: 36035369 PMCID: PMC9413563 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.73404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To uncover advanced prognosis biomarkers in patient with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), our study was the first to make a comprehensive analysis of hsa-mir-21 predicted target genes and explore the immune characteristics in KIRC. Methods: In this study, the comprehensive analysis of hsa-mir-21 predicted target genes and immune characteristics in KIRC were analyzed via TIMER2.0, UALCAN, Metascape, Kaplan-Meier plotter, Human Protein Atlas, CancerSEA, JASPAR, GEPIA, R package: GSVA package (version 1.34.0) & immune infiltration algorithm (ssGSEA) and R package: RMS package (version 6.2-0) & SURVIVAL package (version 3.2-10). Results: Up-transcriptional expressions of RP2, NFIA, SPRY1 were significantly associated with favorable prognosis in KIRC, whereas that of TGFBI was markedly significantly to unfavorable prognosis. Additionally, RP2, NFIA, SPRY1 and TGFBI were significantly relevant to the immune infiltration in KIRC. Finally, ZNF263 was a common predicted transcription factor of RP2, NFIA, SPRY1 and TGFBI, which can as an independent indicator for prognosis in KIRC patients. Conclusions: Hsa-mir-21 predicted target genes (RP2, NFIA, SPRY1 and TGFBI) and the common transcription factor ZNF263 could be the advanced prognosis biomarkers in KIRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ming Xu
- Department of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Bin Lin
- Department of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng-Liang Yang
- Department of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Teng-Yu Xu
- Department of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Huan Yang
- Department of Urological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Song J, Yang R, Wei R, Du Y, He P, Liu X. Pan-cancer analysis reveals RIPK2 predicts prognosis and promotes immune therapy resistance via triggering cytotoxic T lymphocytes dysfunction. Mol Med 2022; 28:47. [PMID: 35508972 PMCID: PMC9066895 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2, also known as RIP2) was reported to be associated with bacterial infections as well as inflammatory responses. However, the role of RIPK2 in prognosis and immunotherapy response is yet to be elucidated in human pan-cancer. METHODS In this study, we investigated the expression, gene alteration landscape and prognostic value of RIPK2 in 33 cancers through various databases including Ualcan, cBioportal and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2). Then, the correlation between RIPK2 and immune infiltration, immune score, stromal score, and ESTIMATE score was investigated in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) databases. Independent cohorts were utilized to explore the role of RIPK2 in tumor immunotherapy response. Furthermore, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to explore the mechanisms by which RIPK2 regulates immune therapy resistance. Single-cell RNA-seq datasets were used to analyze the expression level of RIPK2 on different immune cells. Moreover, CellMiner database was used to explore the relationship between RIPK2 expression with drug response. RESULT Compared with normal tissue, tumor tissue had a higher expression level of RIPK2 in various cancers. Survival analysis showed that high expression of RIPK2 associated with poor prognosis in numerous cancers. RIPK2 was found to promote a series of immune cell infiltration and B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils were significantly positively correlated with the expression of RIPK2. Moreover, RIPK2 affected immune score, stromal score and ESTIMATE score for a wide range of cancers. In the vast majority of 33 cancers, gene co-expression analysis showed that RIPK2 was positively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoint markers, such as PDCD1 (PD-1), CD274 (PD-L1), CTLA4 and TIGIT. RIPK2 aggravated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) dysfunction and related to the poor efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). High expression of RIPK2 promoted innate immunotherapy resistance and adaptive immunotherapy resistance through IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling, interferon-gamma response, and interferon-alpha response pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed that RIPK2 could serve as a prognostic biomarker and promoted immune therapy resistance via triggering cytotoxic T lymphocytes dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junquan Song
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Runyu Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710000, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongyuan Wei
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710000, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710000, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200030, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 200030, Shanghai, China.
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Identification and Validation of Inflammatory Response-Related Gene Signatures to Predict the Prognosis of Neuroblastoma. Int J Genomics 2022; 2022:2417351. [PMID: 35535346 PMCID: PMC9078807 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2417351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the third most common malignant tumor in children. The inflammation is believed to be closely related to NB patients’ prognosis. However, there is no comprehensive research to study the role of inflammatory response-related gene (IRRG) in NB patients. Methods. We downloaded the gene expression profiles of NB patients from GEO and TARGET database, and the expression of 200 IRRGs was extracted. Then, we performed differentially analysis between INSS stage 4 and INSS stage 4S NB patients. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to screen out the overall survival- (OS-) and event-free survival- (EFS-) related IRRGs in GSE49710, and two signatures were constructed; both signatures were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, the TARGET cohort was used to validate IRRG signatures, and the independence of the prognostic IRRG signatures was evaluated by integrating clinical information. Results. We screened out 10 OS-related IRRGs and 11 EFS-related IRRGs. Then, we identified that OS- and EFS-related IRRG signatures and found that the OS and EFS of NB patients in the low-risk group were significantly superior than those in the high-risk group (both
value < 0.0001). The AUC values of 3-, 5-, and 7-year OS are 0.910, 0.933, and 0.921, respectively, and 3-, 5-, and 7-year EFS are 0.840, 0.835, and 0.837, respectively. In addition, we found that both IRRG signatures can be used as independent prognostic indicators for patients with NB. Both IRRG signatures still have good predictive ability in validation cohort. Conclusions. We constructed and validated two prognostic gene signatures based on IRRGs. Our study helped us to better understand the role of inflammation in NB and provided new insights for the prognosis assessment and treatment strategy for NB patients.
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Zhang H, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Liu R, Luo H, Wang X. A pancancer analysis of the carcinogenic role of receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase-2 (RIPK2) in human tumours. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 35473583 PMCID: PMC9040268 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the expression and carcinogenic mechanism of RIPK2 in human tumours, and to provide the theoretical basis for the further study of RIPK2. Methods We used the TCGA, CPTAC, HPA databases to analyse the expression, mutation, and prognosis of RIPK2 in human tumours. Through the Cbioportal, Ualcan, TIMER2.0, and STRING websites, We understand the genetic variation, immune infiltration and enrichment analysis of RIPK2 related genes. Results RIPK2 was highly expressed in most tumours (such as BRCA, COAD and LUSC, etc.), and the high expression of RIPK2 was correlated with tumour stage and prognosis. In addition, Amplification was the main type of RIPK2 in tumour mutation state, and the amplification rate was about 8.5%. In addition, RIPK2 was positively associated with tumour-infiltrating immune cells (such as CD8+ T, Tregs, and cancer-associated fibroblasts). According to the KEGG analysis, RIPK2 may play a role in tumour mainly through NOD-like signaling pathway and NF-kappaB signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis showed that the RIPK2 is mainly related to I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling, Ribonucleoprotein granule and Ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding. Conclusion RIPK2 plays an important role in the occurrence, development and prognosis of malignant tumours. Our pancancer study provided a relatively comprehensive description of the carcinogenic effects of RIPK2 in different tumours, and provided useful information for further study of RIPK2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01239-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqun Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Luo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China. .,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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