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Zhang C, Pi X, Li X, Huo J, Wang W. Edible herbal source-derived polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: Composition, structure, gut microbiota regulation, and its related health effects. Food Chem 2024; 458:140267. [PMID: 38968717 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Recently, with changes in dietary patterns, there has been increased interest in the concept of food and medicine homology, which can help prevent disease development. This has led to a growing focus on the development of functional health foods derived from edible herbal sources. Polysaccharides, found in many edible herbal sources, are gaining popularity as natural ingredients in the production of functional food products. The gut microbiota can effectively utilize most edible herbal polysaccharides (EHPs) and produce beneficial metabolites; therefore, the prebiotic potential of EHPs is gradually being recognized. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the structural features and characterization of EHPs to promote gut microbiota regulation as well as the structure-activity relationship between EHPs and gut microbiota. As prebiotics, intestinal microbiota can use EHPs to indirectly produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids to promote overall health; on the other hand, different EHP structures possess some degree of selectivity on gut microbiota regulation. Moreover, we evaluate the functionality and mechanism underlying EHPs in terms of anticancer activity, antimetabolic diseases, anti-inflammatory activity, and anti-neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China, 150036
| | - Xiaowen Pi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiuwei Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China, 150036
| | - Jinhai Huo
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China, 150036.
| | - Weiming Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China, 150036.
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Xue T, Zheng D, Wen L, Hou Q, He S, Zhang H, Gong Y, Li M, Hu J, Yang J. Advance in Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma. polysaccharides: Isolation, structural characterization, bioactivities and application: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134786. [PMID: 39153679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma (CD), is mainly distributed in the regions of China (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu), Mongolia, Iran and India. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDPs), as one of the main components and a crucial bioactive substance of CD, has a variety of pharmacological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-aging, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, intestinal flora regulatory effects. Many polysaccharides have been successfully obtained in the last three decades from CD. However, there is currently no comprehensive review available concerning CDPs. Considering the importance of CDPs for biological study and drug discovery, the present review aims to systematically summarize the recent major studies on extraction and purification methods of polysaccharides from CD, as well as the characterization of their chemical structure, biological activity, structure-activity relationship, and the application of CDPs in pharmaceutical field. Meanwhile, the shortcomings of CDPs research are further discussed in detail, and new valuable insights for future CDPs research as therapeutic agents and functional foods are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Drug Research, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Dongxuan Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Limei Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Drug Research, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Qiang Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Shengqi He
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Drug Research, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yuehong Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Drug Research, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- People's Hospital of Shaya, Aksu 842200, China
| | - Junping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang and Central Asian Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830054, China.
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Drug Research, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Hu J, Yang F, Yang G, Pan J, Tan Y, Tang Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang J. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to reveal the protective effect and mechanism of Bushen Kangshuai Granules on the elderly people. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1361284. [PMID: 39135783 PMCID: PMC11317404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1361284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging is characterized by a decline in the adaptability and resistance of the body. In this study, Bushen Kangshuai Granules (BKG), as a kind of Chinese herbal formula, was developed and shown to alleviate aging-related symptoms. Methods: Self-controlled study combined with RNA-seq and metabonomics were used to expound the efficacy and safety of BKG and revealed the regulation mechanism of BKG treating aging. In vitro experiments were used to confirm the analytical results. The aging cell model of AC16 cells were treated with D-galactose. The RT-qPCR was used to detect the impact of BKG on telomere length. The DCFH-DA staining was used for detecting intracellular ROS. The targeted signaling pathway was selected and verified using Western blot. Results: After 8 weeks of treatment, BKG significantly reduced SOD level (p = 0.046), TCM aging symptoms (p < 0.001) and TNF-α level (p = 0.044) in the elderly participants. High-throughput sequencing showed that BKG reversed the expression of 70 and 79 age-related genes and metabolites, respectively. Further enrichment analysis indicated that BKG downregulated the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and Rap1 signaling pathway, while up-regulating sphingolipid metabolism. The results of in vitro experiments show that, after D-gal treatment, the viability and telomere length of AC16 cells significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while the expression of ROS increased (p < 0.05), BKG significantly increased the telomere length of AC16 cells and reduced the level of ROS expression (p < 0.05). In addition, BKG decreased the expression of THBS1, PDGFRA, and EPS8L1(p < 0.05), consistent with the RNA-seq results. Our results also showed that BKG affects PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion: BKG can significantly improve aging-related symptoms and increase SOD levels, which may be associated with the reversal of the expression of various aging-related genes. The PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and sphingolipid metabolism may be potential mechanisms underlying BKG anti-aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmin Yang
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juhua Pan
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Tang
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen L, Liu X, Zheng J, Li G, Yang B, He A, Liu H, Liang Y, Wang WA, Du J. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Cistanche tubulosa and Ginkgo biloba extracts for the improvement of cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38972848 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment poses an increasing challenge to middle-aged and elderly populations. Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs like Cistanche tubulosa and Ginkgo biloba (CG) have been proposed as potential agents to improve cognitive and memory functions. A randomized controlled trial involving 100 Chinese middle-aged and elderly participants was conducted to investigate the potential synergistic effects of CG on cognitive function in individuals at risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Over 90 days, both CG group and placebo group received two tablets daily, with each pair of CG tablets containing 72 mg echinacoside and 27 mg flavonol glycosides. Cognitive functions were assessed using multiple scales and blood biomarkers were determined at baseline, Day 45, and Day 90. The CG group exhibited significant improvements in the scores of Mini-Mental State Examination (26.5 at baseline vs. 27.1 at Day 90, p < 0.001), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (23.4 at baseline vs. 25.3 at Day 90, p < 0.001), and World Health Organization Quality of Life (81.6 at baseline vs. 84.2 at Day 90, p < 0.001), all surpassing scores in placebo group. Notably, both the Cognitrax matrix test and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised demonstrated enhanced memory functions, including long-term and delayed memory, after CG intervention. Moreover, cognitive-related blood biomarkers, including total tau, pT181, pS199, pT231, pS396, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, significantly decreased, whereas triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine significantly increased. No treatment-related adverse events were reported, and routine blood and urine tests remained stable. These findings indicated that CG supplementation could potentially serve as an effective supplementary solution for enhancing cognitive and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianheng Zheng
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Binrui Yang
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Anli He
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyue Liu
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wen' An Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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Yang YN, Zhan JG, Cao Y, Wu CM. From ancient wisdom to modern science: Gut microbiota sheds light on property theory of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:413-444. [PMID: 38937158 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The property theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years, playing a pivotal role in the clinical application of TCM. While advancements in energy metabolism, chemical composition analysis, machine learning, ion current modeling, and supercritical fluid technology have provided valuable insight into how aspects of TCM property theory may be measured, these studies only capture specific aspects of TCM property theory in isolation, overlooking the holistic perspective inherent in TCM. To systematically investigate the modern interpretation of the TCM property theory from multidimensional perspectives, we consulted the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) to compile a list of Chinese materia medica (CMM). Then, using the Latin names of each CMM and gut microbiota as keywords, we searched the PubMed database for relevant research on gut microbiota and CMM. The regulatory patterns of different herbs on gut microbiota were then summarized from the perspectives of the four natures, the five flavors and the meridian tropism. In terms of the four natures, we found that warm-natured medicines promoted the colonization of specific beneficial bacteria, while cold-natured medicines boosted populations of some beneficial bacteria while suppressing pathogenic bacteria. Analysis of the five flavors revealed that sweet-flavored and bitter-flavored CMMs positively influenced beneficial bacteria while inhibiting harmful bacteria. CMMs with different meridian tropism exhibited complex modulative patterns on gut microbiota, with Jueyin (Liver) and Taiyin (Lung) meridian CMMs generally exerting a stronger effect. The gut microbiota may be a biological indicator for characterizing the TCM property theory, which not only enhances our understanding of classic TCM theory but also contributes to its scientific advancement and application in healthcare. Please cite this article as: Yang YN, Zhan JG, Cao Y, Wu CM. From ancient wisdom to modern science: Gut microbiota sheds light on property theory of traditional Chinese medicine. J Integr Med 2024; 22(4): 413-445.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia-Guo Zhan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chong-Ming Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Zhang XY, Jiang QW, Yang SH, Li P, Chang ZY, Li F. The chemometrics analysis and integrated pharmacology approach to decipher the effect and mechanism between raw and processed cistanche tubulosa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118097. [PMID: 38531432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistanche tubulosa (CT) is the dried fleshy stem with scaly leaves of Cistanche tubiflora (Schenk) Wight, which has the effects of tonifying the kidney-yang, benefiting the vital essence and blood, and moisturizing the intestines and laxatives. There are differences in the activity of CT before and after processing, but the mechanism of processing is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to compare the strength of action of CT before and after yellow-wine processing in the treatment of constipation and kidney yang deficiency and to identify the active ingredients responsible for the differences in activity before and after yellow-wine processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study established the fingerprints of CT and PCT using HPLC to identify their shared components. Then efficacy of KYDS and FC were carried out to compare the differences between CT and PCT in terms of efficacy. Next, this study established the spectrum-effect relationship between the shared chemical components and the medical effects of CT and PCT using the gray correlation analysis and entropy methods. Ultimately, the activity of the analyzed chemical components was verified using the zebrafish model. RESULTS CT was more effective than PCT in promoting intestinal peristalsis, regulating gastrointestinal hormone levels, and thus treating FC. PCT was more effective than CT in improving the level of hormone indexes of the hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland axis, replenishing blood, and enhancing immunity. Through the analysis of the spectrum-effect relationship, it was finally found that 5, 6, 12 (tubuloside A), and 13 (isoacteoside) might be more closely related to the activity of tonifying kidney yang, and peaks 9, 10, and 11 (acteoside) are more closely associated with the treatment of constipation, and peaks 3 (salidroside), 4, 1, 2 (geniposidic acid), and 8 (echinacoside) were associated with both kidney yang tonic and treatment of constipation. At the same time, an activity verification experiment showed that echinacoside, geniposidic acid, and salidroside were effective in the treatment of FC and KYDS, while acteoside was very effective in the treatment of FC, and tubuloside A was significant in supplementing the blood, which validated the spectrum-effect relationship analysis. CONCLUSION This study proved that the raw CT had a better laxative effect, while the yellow-wine processed CT had a better kidney-yang tonic effect; moreover, spectrum-effect relationships were established to analyze the chemical components leading to changes in the activity of CT before and after yellow-wine processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qi-Wu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Su-Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Gao J, Liang Y, Liu P. Along the microbiota-gut-brain axis: Use of plant polysaccharides to improve mental disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130903. [PMID: 38508549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
With the development of gut microbiota-specific interventions for mental disorders, the interactions between plant polysaccharides and microbiota in the intestinal and their consequent effects are becoming increasingly important. In this review, we discussed the role of plant polysaccharides in improving various mental disorders via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The chemical and structural characteristics and metabolites of these plant polysaccharides were summarised. Plant polysaccharides and their metabolites have great potential for reshaping gut microbiota profiles through gut microbiota-dependent fermentation. Along the microbiota-gut-brain axis, the consequent pharmacological processes that lead to the elimination of the symptoms of mental disorders include 1) regulation of the central monoamine neurotransmitters, amino acid transmitters and cholinergic signalling system; 2) alleviation of central and peripheral inflammation mainly through the NLRP3/NF-κB-related signalling pathway; 3) inhibition of neuronal apoptosis; and 4) enhancement of antioxidant activities. According to this review, monosaccharide glucose and structure -4-α-Glcp-(1→ are the most potent compositions of the most reported plant polysaccharides. However, the causal structure-activity relationship remains to be extensively explored. Moreover, mechanistic elucidation, safety verification, and additional rigorous human studies are expected to advance plant polysaccharide-based product development targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis for people with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China.
| | - Ying Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Pu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China
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Guan Y, Tang G, Li L, Shu J, Zhao Y, Huang L, Tang J. Herbal medicine and gut microbiota: exploring untapped therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disease management. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:146-164. [PMID: 38225532 PMCID: PMC10830735 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota that exists in the human gastrointestinal tract is incredibly important for the maintenance of general health as it contributes to multiple aspects of host physiology. Recent research has revealed a dynamic connection between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, that can influence neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Indeed, imbalances in the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, play a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases, particularly NDs. Herbal medicine has been used for centuries to treat human diseases, including NDs. These compounds help to relieve symptoms and delay the progression of NDs by improving intestinal barrier function, reducing neuroinflammation, and modulating neurotransmitter production. Notably, herbal medicine can mitigate the progression of NDs by regulating the gut microbiota. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the potential mechanisms by which herbal medicine regulates the gut microbiota in the treatment of NDs can help explain the pathogenesis of NDs from a novel perspective and propose novel therapeutic strategies for NDs. In this review, we investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of herbal medicine, focusing on its ability to regulate the gut microbiota and restore homeostasis. We also highlight the challenges and future research priorities of the integration of herbal medicine and modern medicine. As the global population ages, access to this information is becoming increasingly important for developing effective treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Guan
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Guohua Tang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jianzhong Shu
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
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Zhang S, Li M, Chang L, Mao X, Jiang Y, Shen X, Niu K, Lu X, Zhang R, Song Y, Ma K, Li H, Wei C, Hou Y, Wu Y. Bazi Bushen capsule improves the deterioration of the intestinal barrier function by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis through microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1320202. [PMID: 38260869 PMCID: PMC10801200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1320202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The senescence-accelerated prone mouse 8 (SAMP8) is a widely used model for accelerating aging, especially in central aging. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiota-gut-brain axis may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of central aging-related diseases. This study aims to investigate whether Bazi Bushen capsule (BZBS) attenuates the deterioration of the intestinal function in the central aging animal model. Methods In our study, the SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into the model group, the BZ-low group (0.5 g/kg/d BZBS), the BZ-high group (1 g/kg/d BZBS) and the RAPA group (2 mg/kg/d rapamycin). Age-matched SAMR1 mice were used as the control group. Next, cognitive function was detected through Nissl staining and two-photon microscopy. The gut microbiota composition of fecal samples was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The Ileum tissue morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the intestinal barrier function was observed by immunofluorescence. The expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, including P53, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Macrophage infiltration and the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. We also detected the inflammasome and pyroptosis levels in ileum tissue by western blotting. Results BZBS improved the cognitive function and neuronal density of SAMP8 mice. BZBS also restored the intestinal villus structure and barrier function, which were damaged in SAMP8 mice. BZBS reduced the expression of SASP factors and the infiltration of macrophages in the ileum tissues, indicating a lower level of inflammation. BZBS enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells, which are essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. BZBS modulated the gut microbiota composition, by which BZBS inhibited the activation of inflammasomes and pyroptosis in the intestine. Conclusion BZBS could restore the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and prevent the deterioration of intestinal barrier function by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. These results suggested that BZBS attenuated the cognitive aging of SAMP8 mice, at least partially, by targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengnan Li
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liping Chang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinjing Mao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuning Jiang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaogang Shen
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kunxu Niu
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Runtao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yahui Song
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kun Ma
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, China
- High-level TCM Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongrong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cong Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yiling Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, China
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10
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Guo R, Pang J, Zhao J, Xiao X, Li J, Li J, Wang W, Zhou S, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Chen H, Yuan T, Wu S, Liu Z. Unveiling the neuroprotective potential of dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1299117. [PMID: 38075226 PMCID: PMC10702503 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1299117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders present a growing and costly global health challenge, accounting for over 11% of the diseases burden in high-income countries. Despite current treatments, patients often experience persistent symptoms that significantly affect their quality of life. Dietary polysaccharides have garnered attention for their potential as interventions for CNS disorders due to their diverse mechanisms of action, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Through an analysis of research articles published between January 5, 2013 and August 30, 2023, encompassing the intervention effects of dietary polysaccharides on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and stroke, we have conducted a comprehensive review with the aim of elucidating the role and mechanisms of dietary polysaccharides in various CNS diseases, spanning neurodegenerative, psychiatric, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurological dysfunctions. At least four categories of mechanistic bases are included in the dietary polysaccharides' intervention against CNS disease, which involves oxidative stress reduction, neuronal production, metabolic regulation, and gut barrier integrity. Notably, the ability of dietary polysaccharides to resist oxidation and modulate gut microbiota not only helps to curb the development of these diseases at an early stage, but also holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic agents for CNS diseases. In conclusion, this comprehensive review strives to advance therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders by elucidating the potential of dietary polysaccharides and advocating interdisciplinary collaboration to propel further research in this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxi Pang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhe Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingmeng Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwang Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Wu
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Research and Development Center, Xi'an Yinqiao Dairy Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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11
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Ma L, Jiang X, Huang Q, Chen W, Zhang H, Pei H, Cao Y, Wang H, Li H. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115244. [PMID: 37516021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most frequent cause of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a progressive decline in cognitive function that is associated with the formation of amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Gut microbiota comprises of a complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal ecosystem. These microorganisms can participate in gut-brain axis activities, thereby affecting cognitive function and associated behaviours. Increasing evidence has indicated that gut dysbiosis can jeopardise host immune responses and promote inflammation, which may be an initiating factor for the onset and evolution of AD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a promising resource which encompasses immense chemical diversity and multiple-target characteristics for the treatment of AD. Many TCMs regulate the gut microbiota during treatment of diseases, indicating that gut microbiota may be an important target for TCM efficacy. In this review, we summarised the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of AD and the effects of TCM in treating AD by regulating the gut microbiota. We anticipate that this review will provide novel perspectives and strategies for future AD research and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Xuefan Jiang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Qiaoyi Huang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Hui Pei
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Huichan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, PR China.
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12
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Liu X, Wu X, Wang S, Zhao Z, Jian C, Li M, Qin X. Microbiome and metabolome integrally reveal the anti-depression effects of Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides from the perspective of gut homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125542. [PMID: 37355069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are one of the active components of Cistanche deserticola (CD). Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides (CDPs) significantly regulate gut microbiota, immune activity, and neuroprotective functions. However, it merely scratches the surface that the anti-depression effects of CDPs. We aimed to demonstrate the anti-depression effects of CDPs and the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of gut homeostasis by behavioral evaluations and applying integrally microbiome, metabolome, and molecular biology. CDPs showed significant effects on improving abnormal behaviors of depressed rats. Additionally, CDPs maintained Th17/Treg balance and modulated gut immunity of depressed rats. Comprehensive microbiome and metabolome analysis showed that CDPs significantly ameliorated abundances of beneficial bacteria, and increased the contents of SCFAs, consequently maintaining gut homeostasis. Besides, the anti-depression effects of CDPs involved in amino acid metabolism including BCAAs, glutamine, etc., maintaining metabolic balance. The current findings provide not only deep understanding of depression focusing on gut, but also evidence about the anti-depression effects of CDPs, broadening clinic applications of CDPs. Of note, the present study is of significance in a long run, in terms of providing novel strategies and protocols for revealing mechanisms of anti-depression drugs, and for the discovery of new antidepressants and functional foods from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Senyan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist., Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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13
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Deng R, Wang F, Wang L, Xiong L, Shen X, Song H. Advances in Plant Polysaccharides as Antiaging Agents: Effects and Signaling Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7175-7191. [PMID: 37155561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging refers to the gradual physiological changes that occur in an organism after reaching adulthood, resulting in senescence and a decline in biological functions, ultimately leading to death. Epidemiological evidence shows that aging is a driving factor in the developing of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, immune system disorders, cancer, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Natural plant polysaccharides have emerged as crucial food components in delaying the aging process. Therefore, it is essential to continuously investigate plant polysaccharides as potential sources of new pharmaceuticals for aging. Modern pharmacological research indicates that plant polysaccharides can exert antiaging effects by scavenging free radicals, increasing telomerase activity, regulating apoptosis, enhancing immunity, inhibiting glycosylation, improving mitochondrial dysfunction regulating gene expression, activating autophagy, and modulating gut microbiota. Moreover, the antiaging activity of plant polysaccharides is mediated by one or more signaling pathways, including IIS, mTOR, Nrf2, NF-κB, Sirtuin, p53, MAPK, and UPR signaling pathways. This review summarizes the antiaging properties of plant polysaccharides and signaling pathways participating in the polysaccharide-regulating aging process. Finally, we discuss the structure-activity relationships of antiaging polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Luanfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides improve cognitive function in D-galactose-induced aging mice by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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15
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Liu S, Cheng L, Liu Y, Zhan S, Wu Z, Zhang X. Relationship between Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota: New Clues to Improve Cognitive Disorders, Mood Disorders and Circadian Rhythms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061309. [PMID: 36981235 PMCID: PMC10048542 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive, mood and sleep disorders are common and intractable disorders of the central nervous system, causing great inconvenience to the lives of those affected. The gut-brain axis plays a vital role in studying neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases by acting as a channel for a bidirectional information exchange between the gut microbiota and the nervous system. Dietary polyphenols have received widespread attention because of their excellent biological activity and their wide range of sources, structural diversity and low toxicity. Dietary intervention through the increased intake of dietary polyphenols is an emerging strategy for improving circadian rhythms and treating metabolic disorders. Dietary polyphenols have been shown to play an essential role in regulating intestinal flora, mainly by maintaining the balance of the intestinal flora and enhancing host immunity, thereby suppressing neurodegenerative pathologies. This paper reviewed the bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and the brain and their effects on the central nervous system, focusing on dietary polyphenols that regulate circadian rhythms and maintain the health of the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shengnan Zhan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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16
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Yang JJ, Zhang X, Dai JF, Ma YG, Jiang JG. Effect of fermentation modification on the physicochemical characteristics and anti-aging related activities of Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123661. [PMID: 36796559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to fully investigate the anti-aging value of the plants polysaccharides, the fermentation method was applied to modify the Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides (PKPS), and the ultra-filtration was used to further segment the hydrolyzed polysaccharides. It was found that the fermentation induced an increase in the in vitro anti-aging-related activities of PKPS including antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity, and cellular aging-delaying ability. In particular, the low Mw fraction PS2-4 (10-50 kDa) separated from the fermented polysaccharide exhibited superior anti-aging activity on experimental animals. PS2-4 extended the Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by 20.70 %, with an increased effect of 10.09 % compared to the original polysaccharide; it was also more effective than the original one in improving movement ability and reducing lipofuscin accumulation of worms. This fraction was screened as the optimal anti-aging active polysaccharide. After fermentation, the main molecular weight distribution of PKPS changed from 50-650 kDa to 2-100 kDa, and the chemical composition and monosaccharide composition also changed; the initial rough and porous microtopography turned into smooth state. These alterations in physicochemical characteristics suggest that fermentation exerted an influence on the structure of PKPS, which contributed to the enhanced anti-aging activity, indicating that fermentation was promising in the structural modification of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Juan Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jin-Feng Dai
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Product and Goods Quality Inspection, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Ya-Ge Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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17
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Zhang W, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Yao W, Qian H. Neuroprotective effects of polysaccharide from Sparassis crispa on Alzheimer's disease-like mice: Involvement of microbiota-gut-brain axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:974-986. [PMID: 36402384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease that may cause neurotoxicity and imbalance in gut microbiota. A polysaccharide derived from Sparassis crispa-1 (SCP-1) acts as a neuroprotective agent in vitro. There is, however, no clarity on the mechanism responsible for SCP-1's neuroprotective effects against AD. In this study, C57BL/6J male mice were treated with D-galactose and AlCl3 to establish an animal model of AD, followed by treatment with SCP-1. As evidenced by behavioral tests and brain pathology, SCP-1 treatment ameliorated learning deficits and defective spatial recognition, reduced amyloidogenesis, and modulated the neurotransmitter levels (γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and acetylcholine) in the brain of AD mice. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that SCP-1 reshaped the gut microbiota composition, especially by promoting the proliferation of butyrate-producing genera, such as Intestinaimonas, [Eubacterium] ventriosum group, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_001, and suppressing the growth of inflammation-related bacteria (i.e., Escherichia/Shigella). Furthermore, SCP-1 significantly attenuated inflammation by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines, maintaining intestinal barrier function, inhibiting glial activation, and decreasing the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Collectively, our findings suggest that SCP-1 may prevent the development of AD via modulation of gut microbiota and suppression of inflammation, for a potential application in preventing or managing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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18
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Zhao J, Hu Y, Qian C, Hussain M, Liu S, Zhang A, He R, Sun P. The Interaction between Mushroom Polysaccharides and Gut Microbiota and Their Effect on Human Health: A Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010122. [PMID: 36671814 PMCID: PMC9856211 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides are a kind of biological macromolecule extracted from the fruiting body, mycelium or fermentation liquid of edible fungi. In recent years, the research on mushroom polysaccharides for alleviating metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancers and other symptoms by changing the intestinal microenvironment has been increasing. Mushroom polysaccharides could promote human health by regulating gut microbiota, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids, improving intestinal mucosal barrier, regulating lipid metabolism and activating specific signaling pathways. Notably, these biological activities are closely related to the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and type of the glycosidic bond of mushroom polysaccharide. This review aims to summarize the latest studies: (1) Regulatory effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbiota; (2) The effect of mushroom polysaccharide structure on gut microbiota; (3) Metabolism of mushroom polysaccharides by gut microbiota; and (4) Effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbe-mediated diseases. It provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of mushroom polysaccharides for regulating gut microbiota and gives a reference for developing and utilizing mushroom polysaccharides as promising prebiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chao Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shizhu Liu
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
| | - Anqiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Rongjun He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
- Bioactives and Functional Foods Research Center, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Peilong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.)
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19
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Lu X, Li J, Ma Y, Khan I, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu G, Zhang Z, Yang P, Zhang C. Fermented Angelica sinensis activates Nrf2 signaling and modulates the gut microbiota composition and metabolism to attenuate D-gal induced liver aging. Food Funct 2023; 14:215-230. [PMID: 36477974 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01637k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable physiological process associated with an imbalance in the oxidative defense system. Angelica sinensis, a kind of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has anti-oxidant effects and has been considered as a potential supplement in anti-aging treatment. Nevertheless, it has the disadvantages of slow efficacy and long duration of treatment. Fermentation, as an efficient biotechnological approach, is beneficial for improving the nutritional capacity of the material. Fermented TCMs are considered to be more effective. In this study, fermented Angelica sinensis (FAS) and non-fermented Angelica sinensis (NFAS) were used to investigate changes in the chemical constituents. Furthermore, the improvement effect of FAS on D-galactose-induced aging in mice and the potential mechanisms were explored. The results revealed that FAS and NFAS had different constituents under the influence of fermentation, such as 3-phenyllactic acid, L-5-hydroxytryptophan, taxifolin and methyl gallate. These elevated constituents of FAS might help increase the ability of FAS to improve aging. The aging model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose (2.5 g kg-1 day-1) for 44 days, and FAS (3 g kg-1 day-1) was administered daily by oral gavage after 2 weeks of induction with D-galactose. FAS was observed to significantly ameliorate changes associated with liver aging, such as reduction of MDA, AGEs and 8-OHdG. The contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines containing TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly suppressed in the FAS group. In addition, FAS activated Nrf2 signaling better than NFAS, improved the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, GCLM and GSS, and further increased the activities of SOD, CAT and other antioxidant enzymes in the liver. Simultaneously, it had a certain repair effect on the liver tissues of mice. The intestinal microbiota analysis showed that FAS could regulate the microbiota imbalance caused by aging, increase the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes by 95% and improve the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria related to Nrf2 signaling, such as Lactobacillus. Besides, fecal metabolite analysis identified uric acid as an evidential metabolite, suggesting that FAS participates in purine metabolism to improve aging. Therefore, the regulation of intestinal microbiota and metabolism may be one of the important mechanisms of FAS in alleviating hepatic oxidative stress via the gut-liver axis. The results of this study could provide information for the future development of postbiotic products that may have beneficial effects on the prevention or treatment of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Junxiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Yingchun Ma
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Israr Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Yuxi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - YaFei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - GuanLan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pingrong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China. .,Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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20
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Research progress on polysaccharide components of Cistanche deserticola as potential pharmaceutical agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 245:114892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Yang Y, Lu M, Xu Y, Qian J, Le G, Xie Y. Dietary Methionine via Dose-Dependent Inhibition of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production Capacity Contributed to a Potential Risk of Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15225-15243. [PMID: 36413479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-methionine diets induce impaired learning and memory function, dementia-like neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer's disease, while low-methionine diets improve learning and memory function. We speculated that variations in intestinal microbiota may mediate these diametrically opposed effects; thus, this study aimed to verify this hypothesis. The ICR mice were fed either a low-methionine diet (LM, 0.17% methionine), normal methionine diet (NM, 0.86% methionine), or high-methionine diet (HM, 2.58% methionine) for 11 weeks. We found that HM diets damaged nonspatial recognition memory, working memory, and hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice. LM diets improved nonspatial recognition memory and hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and ameliorated anxiety-like behavior, but the differences did not reach a significant level. Moreover, HM diets significantly decreased the abundance of putative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (Roseburia, Blautia, Faecalibaculum, and Bifidobacterium) and serotonin-producing bacteria (Turicibacter) and significantly increased the abundance of proinflammatory bacteria Escherichia-Shigella. Of note, LM diets reversed the results. Consequently, the SCFA and serotonin levels were significantly decreased with HM diets and significantly increased with LM diets. Furthermore, HM diets induced hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammation and selectively downregulated the hippocampus-dependent memory-related gene expression, whereas LM diets selectively upregulated the hippocampus-dependent memory-related gene expression. In conclusion, dietary methionine via dose-dependent inhibition of SCFA production capacity contributed to a potential risk of cognitive dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Manman Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuncong Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Qian
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanli Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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22
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Tan W, Qi L, Hu X, Tan Z. Research progress in traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921794. [PMID: 36506569 PMCID: PMC9729772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the world's leading cause of dementia and has become a huge economic burden on nations and families. However, the exact etiology of AD is still unknown, and there are no efficient medicines or methods to prevent the deterioration of cognition. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made important contributions in the battle against AD based on the characteristics of multiple targets of TCM. This study reviewed the treatment strategies and new discoveries of traditional Chinese medicine in current research, which may be beneficial to new drug researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Tan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingjun Qi
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghuai Tan
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Zhenghuai Tan,
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23
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Shi J, Yin Q, Zhang L, Wu Y, Yi P, Guo M, Li H, Yuan L, Wang Z, Zhuang P, Zhang Y. Zi Shen Wan Fang Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Function Via Remodeling the Gut Microbiota in Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898360. [PMID: 35910371 PMCID: PMC9335489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive dysfunction is a critical complication of diabetes mellitus, and there are still no clinically approved drugs. Zi Shen Wan Fang (ZSWF) is an optimized prescription composed of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, and Cistanches Herba. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ZSWF on DCI and explore its mechanism from the perspective of maintaining intestinal microbial homeostasis in order to find an effective prescription for treating DCI. Methods: The diabetes model was established by a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ, 120 mg/kg) and the DCI model was screened by Morris water maze (MWM) after 8 weeks of continuous hyperglycemic stimulation. The DCI mice were randomly divided into the model group (DCI), the low- and high-ZSWF–dose groups (9.63 g/kg, 18.72 g/kg), the mixed antibiotic group (ABs), and the ZSWF combined with mixed antibiotic group (ZSWF + ABs). ZSWF was administered orally once a day for 8 weeks. Then, cognitive function was assessed using MWM, neuroinflammation and systemic inflammation were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, intestinal barrier integrity was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Western blot and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Furthermore, the alteration to intestinal flora was monitored by 16S rDNA sequencing. Results: ZSWF restored cognitive function in DCI mice and reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, ZSWF protected the integrity of the intestinal barrier by increasing intestinal ZO-1 and occludin protein expression and decreasing urinary lactulose to mannitol ratio. In addition, ZSWF reshaped the imbalanced gut microbiota in DCI mice by reversing the abundance changes of a wide range of intestinal bacteria at the phyla and genus levels. In contrast, removing gut microbiota with antibiotics partially eliminated the effects of ZSWF on improving cognitive function and reducing inflammation, confirming the essential role of gut microbiota in the improvement of DCI by ZSWF. Conclusion: ZSWF can reverse cognitive impairment in DCI mice by remolding the structure of destructed gut microbiota community, which is a potential Chinese medicine prescription for DCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Shi
- Department of Integrated Rehabilitation, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingsheng Yin
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengrong Yi
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengqing Guo
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huhu Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuyi Yuan
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Pengwei Zhuang, ; Yanjun Zhang,
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Integrated Rehabilitation, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Pengwei Zhuang, ; Yanjun Zhang,
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24
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Wang Y, Chen R, Yang Z, Wen Q, Cao X, Zhao N, Yan J. Protective Effects of Polysaccharides in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:917629. [PMID: 35860666 PMCID: PMC9289469 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.917629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive degeneration and necrosis of neurons, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease and others. There are no existing therapies that correct the progression of these diseases, and current therapies provide merely symptomatic relief. The use of polysaccharides has received significant attention due to extensive biological activities and application prospects. Previous studies suggest that the polysaccharides as a candidate participate in neuronal protection and protect against NDs. In this review, we demonstrate that various polysaccharides mediate NDs, and share several common mechanisms characterized by autophagy, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction in PD and AD. Furthermore, this review reveals potential role of polysaccharides in vitro and in vivo models of NDs, and highlights the contributions of polysaccharides and prospects of their mechanism studies for the treatment of NDs. Finally, we suggest some remaining questions for the field and areas for new development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Wang
- The Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rongsha Chen
- The Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongshan Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sino Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Wen
- The Neurosurgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xia Cao
- The Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ninghui Zhao
- The Neurosurgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinyuan Yan
- The Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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25
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Lian WS, Wang FS, Chen YS, Tsai MH, Chao HR, Jahr H, Wu RW, Ko JY. Gut Microbiota Ecosystem Governance of Host Inflammation, Mitochondrial Respiration and Skeletal Homeostasis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040860. [PMID: 35453611 PMCID: PMC9030723 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis account for the leading causes of musculoskeletal dysfunction in older adults. Senescent chondrocyte overburden, inflammation, oxidative stress, subcellular organelle dysfunction, and genomic instability are prominent features of these age-mediated skeletal diseases. Age-related intestinal disorders and gut dysbiosis contribute to host tissue inflammation and oxidative stress by affecting host immune responses and cell metabolism. Dysregulation of gut microflora correlates with development of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis in humans and rodents. Intestinal microorganisms produce metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and liposaccharides, affecting mitochondrial function, metabolism, biogenesis, autophagy, and redox reactions in chondrocytes and bone cells to regulate joint and bone tissue homeostasis. Modulating the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, or the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, in the gut microenvironment by probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation is advantageous to suppress age-induced chronic inflammation and oxidative damage in musculoskeletal tissue. Supplementation with gut microbiota-derived metabolites potentially slows down development of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. This review provides latest molecular and cellular insights into the biological significance of gut microorganisms and primary and secondary metabolites important to cartilage and bone integrity. It further highlights treatment options with probiotics or metabolites for modulating the progression of these two common skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shiung Lian
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Child Care, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Re-Wen Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Jih-Yang Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-67-731-7123
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26
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Liu X, Jian C, Li M, Wei F, Liu H, Qin X. Microbiome-metabolomics deciphers the effects of Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides on aged constipated rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:3993-4008. [PMID: 35315484 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic constipation is an extremely common gastrointestinal disorder that severely affects the life quality of the elderly. As an edible food and therapeutic medicine, Cistanche deserticola (CD) has been widely used not only as food in daily life, but also as a medicine to treat constipation. As the main component in CD, polysaccharide shows great potentials in improving constipation in the elderly. In this study, 16S rRNA analysis and fecal metabolomics were applied to investigate the impacts of constipation in an aged rat model, as well as the regulatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of CD polysaccharide (CDPS). Firstly, a classic constipation model of aged rats was constructed. The behavioral indicators of the rats were analyzed, providing behavioral correlations at the macro level. Meanwhile, the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, and CAT in serum samples of the rats were assessed. Additionally, the changes of gut microbiota, fecal metabolites and corresponding metabolic pathways in the aged constipated rats were demonstrated. On top of this, inter-and inner-layer networks of "behavioral indicators - intestinal bacteria - metabolites" were constructed to visually demonstrate the relationships among differential indicators. We found that CDPS significantly regulated the abnormalities of the behavioral indexes, the microbial richness and diversity, and the metabolite profiles that were induced by constipation in the aged rats. From the intestinal microbiological point of view, CDPS significantly increased the prevalence of beneficial bacteria while reducing the potentially pathogenic bacterial population. In terms of metabolomics, a total of 16 metabolites were finally identified as potential biomarkers of constipation in the aged rats. The mechanisms of CDPS were mainly involved in metabolic energy and the synthesis of amino acids. The current findings not only deepen our understanding about constipation in the elderly from the perspectives of microbiome and metabolomics, but also lay a solid foundation for the applications of polysaccharides in constipation in the elderly, the discovery of new medicines for constipation, and improving the life quality of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
| | - Fuxiao Wei
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
| | - Huanle Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
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27
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Rang Y, Liu H, Liu C. Potential for non-starch polysaccharides in the prevention and remediation of cognitive impairment: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:182-195. [PMID: 35301004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) are food ingredients proven to be beneficial in a large number of health issues. However, there is no literature systematic review about the effects and corresponding mechanisms of NSPs on the prevention and remediation of cognitive impairment. In this review, studies on prevention and remediation of NSPs for cognitive deficit caused by diseases, menopause, ageing, chronic stress and environmental pollutants were summarized and the corresponding mechanisms were established. The anti-cognitive deficit effects of NSPs were associated with the modulation of amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, p-Tau aggregation, oxidative stress, inflammation, neuron apoptosis, neurogenesis, neurotransmitters, synaptic plasticity, autophagy and gut microbiota. Although the structure-function relationship has not been elucidated, several structural properties of NSPs such as molecular weight, sulfate content, hydroxyl group content, monosaccharide composition and molecular chain linkage might be crucial for the anti-cognitive deficit property. Notably, this review revealed that NSPs had a positive effect on cognitive impairment and proposed the future perspectives for further research on the anti-cognitive dysfunction effects of NSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Rang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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28
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Wang X, Cheng L, Liu Y, Zhang R, Wu Z, Weng P, Zhang P, Zhang X. Polysaccharide Regulation of Intestinal Flora: A Viable Approach to Maintaining Normal Cognitive Performance and Treating Depression. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:807076. [PMID: 35369451 PMCID: PMC8966502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.807076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract of a healthy body is home to a large variety and number of microorganisms that will affect every aspect of the host’s life. In recent years, polysaccharides have been found to be an important factor affecting intestinal flora. Polysaccharides are widely found in nature and play a key role in the life activities of living organisms. In the intestinal tract of living organisms, polysaccharides have many important functions, such as preventing the imbalance of intestinal flora and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Moreover, recent studies suggest that gut microbes can influence brain health through the brain-gut axis. Therefore, maintaining brain health through polysaccharide modulation of gut flora deserves further study. In this review, we outline the mechanisms by which polysaccharides maintain normal intestinal flora structure, as well as improving cognitive function in the brain via the brain-gut axis by virtue of the intestinal flora. We also highlight the important role that gut microbes play in the pathogenesis of depression and the potential for treating depression through the use of polysaccharides to modulate the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Lu Cheng,
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Student Affairs, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- Peng Zhang,
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Xin Zhang,
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29
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Zhang H, Jiang F, Zhang J, Wang W, Li L, Yan J. Modulatory effects of polysaccharides from plants, marine algae and edible mushrooms on gut microbiota and related health benefits: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:169-192. [PMID: 35122806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring carbohydrate polymers containing non-starch polysaccharides (NPs) are a class of biomacromolecules isolated from plants, marine algae, and edible mushrooms, and their biological activities has shown potential uses in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Importantly, NPs serve as prebiotics to provide health benefits to the host through stimulating the proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota (GM) and enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The composition and diversity of GM play a critical role in regulating host health and have been extensively studied in recent years. In this review, the extraction, isolation, purification, and structural characterization of NPs derived from plants, marine algae, and edible mushrooms are outlined. Importantly, the degradation and metabolism of these NPs in the intestinal tract, the effects of NPs on the microbial community and SCFAs generation, and the beneficial effects of NPs on host health by modulating GM are systematically highlighted. Overall, we hope that this review can provide some theoretical references and a new perspective for applications of NPs as prebiotics in functional food and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jingkun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
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