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Massafra V, Tundo S, Dietzig A, Ducret A, Jost C, Klein C, Kontermann RE, Knoetgen H, Steegmaier M, Romagnani A, Nagel YA. Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras Enhance T Cell Bispecific Antibody-Driven T Cell Activation and Effector Function through Increased MHC Class I Antigen Presentation in Cancer Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:493-504. [PMID: 34215653 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The availability of Ags on the surface of tumor cells is crucial for the efficacy of cancer immunotherapeutic approaches using large molecules, such as T cell bispecific Abs (TCBs). Tumor Ags are processed through intracellular proteasomal protein degradation and are displayed as peptides on MHC class I (MHC I). Ag recognition through TCRs on the surface of CD8+ T cells can elicit a tumor-selective immune response. In this article, we show that proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that target bromo- and extraterminal domain proteins increase the abundance of the corresponding target-derived peptide Ags on MHC I in both liquid and solid tumor-derived human cell lines. This increase depends on the engagement of the E3 ligase to bromo- and extraterminal domain protein. Similarly, targeting of a doxycycline-inducible Wilms tumor 1 (WT1)-FKBP12F36V fusion protein, by a mutant-selective FKBP12F36V degrader, increases the presentation of WT1 Ags in human breast cancer cells. T cell-mediated response directed against cancer cells was tested on treatment with a TCR-like TCB, which was able to bridge human T cells to a WT1 peptide displayed on MHC I. FKBP12F36V degrader treatment increased the expression of early and late activation markers (CD69, CD25) in T cells; the secretion of granzyme β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α; and cancer cell killing in a tumor-T cell coculture model. This study supports harnessing targeted protein degradation in tumor cells, for modulation of T cell effector function, by investigating for the first time, to our knowledge, the potential of combining a degrader and a TCB in a cancer immunotherapy setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Massafra
- Molecular Targeted Therapy-Discovery Oncology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Tundo
- Molecular Targeted Therapy-Discovery Oncology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aline Dietzig
- Molecular Targeted Therapy-Discovery Oncology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Ducret
- Pharmaceutical Sciences-Biomarkers, Bioinformatics, and Omics, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Jost
- Cancer Immunotherapy-Discovery Oncology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Cancer Immunotherapy-Discovery Oncology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Stuttgart University, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hendrik Knoetgen
- Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Martin Steegmaier
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Penzberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Romagnani
- Molecular Targeted Therapy-Discovery Oncology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne A Nagel
- Molecular Targeted Therapy-Discovery Oncology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland;
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Tang CT, Zhang QW, Wu S, Tang MY, Liang Q, Lin XL, Gao YJ, Ge ZZ. Thalidomide targets EGFL6 to inhibit EGFL6/PAX6 axis-driven angiogenesis in small bowel vascular malformation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5207-5221. [PMID: 32008086 PMCID: PMC7671996 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small bowel vascular malformation disease (SBVM) is the most common cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Several studies suggested that EGFL6 was able to promote the growth of tumor endothelial cells by forming tumor vessels. To date, it remains unclear how EGFL6 promotes pathological angiogenesis in SBVM and whether EGFL6 is a target of thalidomide. METHODS We took advantage of SBVM plasma and tissue samples and compared the expression of EGFL6 between SBVM patients and healthy people via ELISA and Immunohistochemistry. We elucidated the underlying function of EGFL6 in SBVM in vitro and by generating a zebrafish model that overexpresses EGFL6, The cycloheximide (CHX)-chase experiment and CoIP assays were conducted to demonstrate that thalidomide can promote the degradation of EGFL6 by targeting CRBN. RESULTS The analysis of SBVM plasma and tissue samples revealed that EGFL6 was overexpressed in the patients compared to healthy people. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that an EMT pathway triggered by the EGFL6/PAX6 axis is involved in the pathogenesis of SBVM. Furthermore, through in vitro and in vivo assays, we elucidated that thalidomide can function as anti-angiogenesis medicine through the regulation of EGFL6 in a proteasome-dependent manner. Finally, we found that CRBN can mediate the effect of thalidomide on EGFL6 expression and that the CRBN protein interacts with EGFL6 via a Lon N-terminal peptide. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a key role for EGFL6 in SBVM pathogenesis and provided a mechanism explaining why thalidomide can cure small bowel bleeding resulting from SBVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Tao Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Ming-Yu Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Lin
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Provincial Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yun-Jie Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhi-Zheng Ge
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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3
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Lacerda R, Menezes J, Candeias MM. Alternative Mechanisms of mRNA Translation Initiation in Cellular Stress Response and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1157:117-132. [PMID: 31342440 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19966-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Throughout evolution, eukaryotic cells have devised different mechanisms to cope with stressful environments. When eukaryotic cells are exposed to stress stimuli, they activate adaptive pathways that allow them to restore cellular homeostasis. Most types of stress stimuli have been reported to induce a decrease in overall protein synthesis accompanied by induction of alternative mechanisms of mRNA translation initiation. Here, we present well-studied and recent examples of such stress responses and the alternative translation initiation mechanisms they induce, and discuss the consequences of such regulation for cell homeostasis and oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Lacerda
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Juliane Menezes
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marco M Candeias
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal. .,MaRCU - Molecular and RNA Cancer Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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4
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Lacerda R, Menezes J, Romão L. More than just scanning: the importance of cap-independent mRNA translation initiation for cellular stress response and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1659-1680. [PMID: 27913822 PMCID: PMC11107732 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The scanning model for eukaryotic mRNA translation initiation states that the small ribosomal subunit, along with initiation factors, binds at the cap structure at the 5' end of the mRNA and scans the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) until an initiation codon is found. However, under conditions that impair canonical cap-dependent translation, the synthesis of some proteins is kept by alternative mechanisms that are required for cell survival and stress recovery. Alternative modes of translation initiation include cap- and/or scanning-independent mechanisms of ribosomal recruitment. In most cap-independent translation initiation events there is a direct recruitment of the 40S ribosome into a position upstream, or directly at, the initiation codon via a specific internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element in the 5'UTR. Yet, in some cellular mRNAs, a different translation initiation mechanism that is neither cap- nor IRES-dependent seems to occur through a special RNA structure called cap-independent translational enhancer (CITE). Recent evidence uncovered a distinct mechanism through which mRNAs containing N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) residues in their 5'UTR directly bind eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) and the 40S ribosomal subunit in order to initiate translation in the absence of the cap-binding proteins. This review focuses on the important role of cap-independent translation mechanisms in human cells and how these alternative mechanisms can either act individually or cooperate with other cis-acting RNA regulons to orchestrate specific translational responses triggered upon several cellular stress states, and diseases such as cancer. Elucidation of these non-canonical mechanisms reveals the complexity of translational control and points out their potential as prospective novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Lacerda
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juliane Menezes
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Romão
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Milanovic D, Sticht C, Röhrich M, Maier P, Grosu AL, Herskind C. Inhibition of 13-cis retinoic acid-induced gene expression of reactive-resistance genes by thalidomide in glioblastoma tumours in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28938-48. [PMID: 26362268 PMCID: PMC4745702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell differentiation potential of 13-cis retinoic acid (RA) has not succeeded in the clinical treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) so far. However, RA may also induce the expression of resistance genes such as HOXB7 which can be suppressed by Thalidomide (THAL). Therefore, we tested if combined treatment with RA+THAL may inhibit growth of glioblastoma in vivo. Treatment with RA+THAL but not RA or THAL alone significantly inhibited tumour growth. The synergistic effect of RA and THAL was corroborated by the effect on proliferation of glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. HOXB7 was not upregulated but microarray analysis validated by real-time PCR identified four potential resistance genes (IL-8, HILDPA, IGFBPA, and ANGPTL4) whose upregulation by RA was suppressed by THAL. Furthermore, genes coding for small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) were identified as a target for RA for the first time, and their upregulation was maintained after combined treatment. Pathway analysis showed upregulation of the Ribosome pathway and downregulation of pathways associated with proliferation and inflammation. In conclusion, combined treatment with RA + THAL delayed growth of GBM xenografts and suppressed putative resistance genes associated with hypoxia and angiogenesis. This encourages further pre-clinical and clinical studies of this drug combination in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Milanovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Centre for Medical Research, Universitaetsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Röhrich
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Maier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitaetsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anca-L Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Herskind
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitaetsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Jing Q, Wang Y, Liu H, Deng X, Jiang L, Liu R, Song H, Li J. FGFs: crucial factors that regulate tumour initiation and progression. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:438-47. [PMID: 27383016 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are crucial signalling molecules involved in normal cell growth, differentiation and proliferation. Over the past few decades, a large body of research has illustrated effects of individual FGFs on tumour initiation and progression. Tumour development is commonly accompanied with generation of new blood and lymph vessels, which support enhanced cell proliferation. Moreover, acquisition of tumour cells of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, enhances tumour cell migration and invasion potentials, crucial steps in tumour metastasis. This review summarizes recent findings concerning roles of FGFs in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jing
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haixing Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Horvilleur E, Wilson LA, Bastide A, Piñeiro D, Pöyry TAA, Willis AE. Cap-Independent Translation in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2015; 5:293. [PMID: 26734574 PMCID: PMC4685420 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of diseases deriving from blood cells progenitors. Although many genes involved in blood cancers contain internal ribosome entry sites (IRESes), there has been only few studies focusing on the role of cap-independent translation in leukemia and lymphomas. Expression of IRES trans-acting factors can also be altered, and interestingly, BCL-ABL1 fusion protein expressed from “Philadelphia” chromosome, found in some types of leukemia, regulates several of them. A mechanism involving c-Myc IRES and cap-independent translation and leading to resistance to chemotherapy in multiple myeloma emphasize the contribution of cap-independent translation in blood cancers and the need for more work to be done to clarify the roles of known IRESes in pathology and response to chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Piñeiro
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit , Leicester , UK
| | | | - Anne E Willis
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit , Leicester , UK
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