1
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Xie L, Cheng L, Wei Y. Mitomycin C enhanced the antitumor efficacy of Rocaglamide in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154350. [PMID: 36780842 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rocaglamide (ROC), a natural phytochemical isolated from Aglaia species, is a translational inhibitor of de novo c-FLIP synthesis, which relieves the inhibition of c-FLIP dimerization with procasoase-8 and downstream activation. Unfortunately, a lot of cancer cells, especially colorectal cancer cells (CRC), exhibit marked resistance to Rocaglamide-induced cell death. Research has demonstrated that mitomycin C (MMC) has broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity that it can synergize with a wide range of clinical drugs to inhibit tumor growth. The current study investigated whether MMC combined with ROC could sensitize CRC cells with different ROC resistance to apoptosis. HCT116 and HT29, two different CRC cells, were treated with ROC and/or MMC, and the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell migration and invasion, arrest of cell cycle, induction of reactive oxygen species, and effects on Bcl-2 family signaling pathway were investigated. The results showed that low concentration of MMC combined with ROC significantly promoted HCT116 and HT29 cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and c-FLIP, upregulating the expression of Bax, activating the caspase cascade (involving the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway), arresting cell cycle in G1 phase, and increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the viability and morphology of MRC-5 cells were not significantly affected by the combined treatment with ROC and MMC, indicating its safety. Therefore, it is concluded that the combination treatment of ROC and MMC is a highly effective tumor therapy and may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Xie
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Lifangyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yunlin Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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2
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Müller PM, Rocks O. A screening-compatible live cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay for modulation of Rho GTPase activity. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101705. [PMID: 36149795 PMCID: PMC9508600 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPases are central regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs). This protocol presents a workflow for a robust high-throughput compatible biosensor assay to analyze changes in Rho GTPase activity by these proteins in the native cellular environment. The procedure can be used for semi-quantitative comparison of GEF/GAP function and extended for analysis of additional modulators. The experimental design is applicable also to other monomolecular ratiometric FRET sensors. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Müller et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Markus Müller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany,Corresponding author
| | - Oliver Rocks
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany,Corresponding author
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3
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Chang K, Majmudar H, Tandon R, Volin MV, Tiwari V. Induction of Filopodia During Cytomegalovirus Entry Into Human Iris Stromal Cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834927. [PMID: 35450284 PMCID: PMC9018114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses exploit thin projections of filopodia for cell entry and cell-to-cell spread. Using primary cultures of human iris stromal (HIS) cells derived from human eye donors, we report a significant increase in filopodia formation during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Using confocal microscopy, we observed a large number of virions being frequently associated along the filopodia prior to cell infection. Depolymerization of actin filaments resulted in a significant inhibition of HCMV entry into HIS cell. Our results further revealed that the transient expression of HCMV envelope glycoprotein B (gB) triggers the induction of the filopodial system. Since gB is known to bind the diverse chains of heparan sulfate (HS), a comparative study was performed to evaluate the gB-mediated filopodial induction in cells expressing either wild-type HS and/or 3-O sulfated HS (3-OS HS). We found that cells co-expressing HCMV gB together with the 3-O sulfotranseferase-3 (3-OST-3) enzyme had a much higher and robust filopodia induction compared to cells co-expressing gB with wild-type HS. The above results were further verified by pre-treating HIS cells with anti-3-OS HS (G2) peptide and/or heparinase-I before challenging with HCMV infection, which resulted in a significant loss in the filopodial counts as well as decreased viral infectivity. Taken together, our findings highlight that HCMV entry into HIS cells actively modulates the actin cytoskeleton via coordinated actions possibly between gB and the 3-OS HS receptor to influence viral infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Hardik Majmudar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Michael V Volin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
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4
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Steichen C, Hervé C, Hauet T, Bourmeyster N. Rho GTPases in kidney physiology and diseases. Small GTPases 2022; 13:141-161. [PMID: 34138686 PMCID: PMC9707548 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1932402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPases are molecular switches best known for their pivotal role in dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, but also of cellular morphology, motility, adhesion and proliferation. The prototypic members of this family (RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42) also contribute to the normal kidney function and play important roles in the structure and function of various kidney cells including tubular epithelial cells, mesangial cells and podocytes. The kidney's vital filtration function depends on the structural integrity of the glomerulus, the proximal portion of the nephron. Within the glomerulus, the architecturally actin-based cytoskeleton podocyte forms the final cellular barrier to filtration. The glomerulus appears as a highly dynamic signalling hub that is capable of integrating intracellular cues from its individual structural components. Dynamic regulation of the podocyte cytoskeleton is required for efficient barrier function of the kidney. As master regulators of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, Rho GTPases are therefore of critical importance for sustained kidney barrier function. Dysregulated activities of the Rho GTPases and of their effectors are implicated in the pathogenesis of both hereditary and idiopathic forms of kidney diseases. Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease that is caused by injury to kidney glomeruli. High glucose activates RhoA/Rho-kinase in mesangial cells, leading to excessive extracellular matrix production (glomerulosclerosis). This RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway also seems involved in the post-transplant hypertension frequently observed during treatment with calcineurin inhibitors, whereas Rac1 activation was observed in post-transplant ischaemic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Steichen
- Inserm UMR-1082 Irtomit, Poitiers, France
- Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Thierry Hauet
- Inserm UMR-1082 Irtomit, Poitiers, France
- Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Department of Medical Biology, Service De Biochimie, CHU De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Bourmeyster
- Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Department of Medical Biology, Service De Biochimie, CHU De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire STIM CNRS ERL 7003, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cédex, France
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5
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Sieber-Frank J, Stark HJ, Kalteis S, Prigge ES, Köhler R, Andresen C, Henkel T, Casari G, Schubert T, Fischl W, Li-Weber M, Krammer PH, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Kopitz J, Kloor M, Ahadova A. Treatment resistance analysis reveals GLUT-1-mediated glucose uptake as a major target of synthetic rocaglates in cancer cells. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6807-6822. [PMID: 34546000 PMCID: PMC8495295 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rocaglates are natural compounds that have been extensively studied for their ability to inhibit translation initiation. Rocaglates represent promising drug candidates for tumor treatment due to their growth‐inhibitory effects on neoplastic cells. In contrast to natural rocaglates, synthetic analogues of rocaglates have been less comprehensively characterized, but were also shown to have similar effects on the process of protein translation. Here, we demonstrate an enhanced growth‐inhibitory effect of synthetic rocaglates when combined with glucose anti‐metabolite 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG) in different cancer cell lines. Moreover, we unravel a new aspect in the mechanism of action of synthetic rocaglates involving reduction of glucose uptake mediated by downregulation or abrogation of glucose transporter GLUT‐1 expression. Importantly, cells with genetically induced resistance to synthetic rocaglates showed substantially less pronounced treatment effect on glucose metabolism and did not demonstrate GLUT‐1 downregulation, pointing at the crucial role of this mechanism for the anti‐tumor activity of the synthetic rocaglates. Transcriptome profiling revealed glycolysis as one of the major pathways differentially regulated in sensitive and resistant cells. Analysis of synthetic rocaglate efficacy in a 3D tissue context with a co‐culture of tumor and normal cells demonstrated a selective effect on tumor cells and substantiated the mechanistic observations obtained in cancer cell lines. Increased glucose uptake and metabolism is a universal feature across different tumor types. Therefore, targeting this feature by synthetic rocaglates could represent a promising direction for exploitation of rocaglates in novel anti‐tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sieber-Frank
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Stark
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Kalteis
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena-Sophie Prigge
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Köhler
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Andresen
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Li-Weber
- Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter H Krammer
- Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aysel Ahadova
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Adeshakin FO, Adeshakin AO, Afolabi LO, Yan D, Zhang G, Wan X. Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626577. [PMID: 33854965 PMCID: PMC8039382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the hallmark of structure–function stability and well-being. ECM detachment in localized tumors precedes abnormal dissemination of tumor cells culminating in metastasis. Programmed cell death (PCD) is activated during tumorigenesis to clear off ECM-detached cells through “anoikis.” However, cancer cells develop several mechanisms for abrogating anoikis, thus promoting their invasiveness and metastasis. Specific factors, such as growth proteins, pH, transcriptional signaling pathways, and oxidative stress, have been reported as drivers of anoikis resistance, thus enhancing cancer proliferation and metastasis. Recent studies highlighted the key contributions of metabolic pathways, enabling the cells to bypass anoikis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving anoikis resistance could help to counteract tumor progression and prevent metastasis. This review elucidates the dynamics employed by cancer cells to impede anoikis, thus promoting proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, the authors have discussed other metabolic intermediates (especially amino acids and nucleotides) that are less explored, which could be crucial for anoikis resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funmilayo O Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Adeleye O Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lukman O Afolabi
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dehong Yan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Liu J, Chen Z, Huang M, Tang S, Wang Q, Hu P, Gupta P, Ashby CR, Chen ZS, Zhang L. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) trap3, an exocellular peptide inhibitor of PAI-1, attenuates the rearrangement of F-actin and migration of cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 391:111987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Rho GTPases in Gynecologic Cancers: In-Depth Analysis toward the Paradigm Change from Reactive to Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medical Approach Benefiting the Patient and Healthcare. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051292. [PMID: 32443784 PMCID: PMC7281750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphospatases (GTPases) resemble a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and several signaling pathways central for the cell. Rho GTPases create a so-called Ras-superfamily of GTPases subdivided into subgroups comprising at least 20 members. Rho GTPases play a key regulatory role in gene expression, cell cycle control and proliferation, epithelial cell polarity, cell migration, survival, and apoptosis, among others. They also have tissue-related functions including angiogenesis being involved in inflammatory and wound healing processes. Contextually, any abnormality in the Rho GTPase function may result in severe consequences at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Rho GTPases also play a key role in tumorigenesis and metastatic disease. Corresponding mechanisms include a number of targets such as kinases and scaffold/adaptor-like proteins initiating GTPases-related signaling cascades. The accumulated evidence demonstrates the oncogenic relevance of Rho GTPases for several solid malignancies including breast, liver, bladder, melanoma, testicular, lung, central nervous system (CNS), head and neck, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, Rho GTPases play a crucial role in the development of radio- and chemoresistance e.g. under cisplatin-based cancer treatment. This article provides an in-depth overview on the role of Rho GTPases in gynecological cancers, highlights relevant signaling pathways and pathomechanisms, and sheds light on their involvement in tumor progression, metastatic spread, and radio/chemo resistance. In addition, insights into a spectrum of novel biomarkers and innovative approaches based on the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine are provided.
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9
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The strong inhibitory effect of combining anti-cancer drugs AT406 and rocaglamide with blue LED irradiation on colorectal cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101797. [PMID: 32360851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is still no satisfying method to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) currently. Inspired by cocktail therapy, the combination of 465 nm blue LED irradiation and two multi-target anticancer agents AT406 and Rocaglamide has been investigated as an innovative way to treat colorectal cancer cells in vitro. It showed a strong inhibitory effect on colorectal cancer cells, and its side effects on human normal cells are negligible. When applied to HCT116 cells, it can achieve an apoptotic rate up to 95%. It is also seen to significantly inhibit proliferation of HT29 cells. Furthermore, little to no cell inhibition or damage of normal MRC-5 cells were seen after treatment. The combination of blue LED irradiation and two anti-cancer drugs causes apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells by activating the apoptotic pathway, inhibiting autophagy and proliferation pathways as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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10
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Delma MI, Riganti C. Searching the Link for Better Therapeutic Combination: The Case of Tumor Cells Migration Pattern and Modality of Immunosuppression Induction at the Metastatic Site. Cureus 2020; 12:e7353. [PMID: 32328365 PMCID: PMC7170019 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by its high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to its metastatic ability. Metastasis is a multi-step process beginning with detachment of tumor cells from the primary tumor and leading ultimately to the establishment of a new tumoral site. This cascade includes intravascular migration of tumor cells either individually or collectively and the expansion of cancer cells at metastatic sites that is dependent on certain conditions such as an immunosuppressive environment. In this paper, blockers of tumor cell migration and suppressors of immunotolerance at metastatic sites are reviewed as an illustration of early and later phases intervention, respectively. A combination of these two therapeutics will be advocated based on the proposition of correlation between the pattern of tumor cell migration and the mechanism of immunotolerance induction. By extension, the ''delayed complementarity'' will be introduced as an approach to formulate new anticancer drug combinations.
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11
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Uttam S, Wong C, Price TJ, Khoutorsky A. eIF4E-Dependent Translational Control: A Central Mechanism for Regulation of Pain Plasticity. Front Genet 2018; 9:470. [PMID: 30459806 PMCID: PMC6232926 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational control of gene expression has emerged as a key mechanism in regulating different forms of long-lasting neuronal plasticity. Maladaptive plastic reorganization of peripheral and spinal nociceptive circuits underlies many chronic pain states and relies on new gene expression. Accordingly, downregulation of mRNA translation in primary afferents and spinal dorsal horn neurons inhibits tissue injury-induced sensitization of nociceptive pathways, supporting a central role for translation dysregulation in the development of persistent pain. Translation is primarily regulated at the initiation stage via the coordinated activity of translation initiation factors. The mRNA cap-binding protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), is involved in the recruitment of the ribosome to the mRNA cap structure, playing a central role in the regulation of translation initiation. eIF4E integrates inputs from the mTOR and ERK signaling pathways, both of which are activated in numerous painful conditions to regulate the translation of a subset of mRNAs. Many of these mRNAs are involved in the control of cell growth, proliferation, and neuroplasticity. However, the full repertoire of eIF4E-dependent mRNAs in the nervous system and their translation regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for the role of eIF4E-dependent translational control in the sensitization of pain circuits and present pharmacological approaches to target these mechanisms. Understanding eIF4E-dependent translational control mechanisms and their roles in aberrant plasticity of nociceptive circuits might reveal novel therapeutic targets to treat persistent pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Uttam
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Calvin Wong
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Theodore J. Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Yao C, Ni Z, Gong C, Zhu X, Wang L, Xu Z, Zhou C, Li S, Zhou W, Zou C, Zhu S. Rocaglamide enhances NK cell-mediated killing of non-small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy. Autophagy 2018; 14:1831-1844. [PMID: 29969944 PMCID: PMC6135631 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1489946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting macroautophagy/autophagy is a novel strategy in cancer immunotherapy. In the present study, we showed that the natural product rocaglamide (RocA) enhanced natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro and tumor regression in vivo. Moreover, this effect was not related to the NK cell recognition of target cells or expressions of death receptors. Instead, RocA inhibited autophagy and restored the level of NK cell-derived GZMB (granzyme B) in NSCLC cells, therefore increasing their susceptibility to NK cell-mediated killing. In addition, we further identified that the target of RocA was ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1) that is required for autophagy initiation. Using firefly luciferase containing the 5´ untranslated region of ULK1, we found that RocA inhibited the protein translation of ULK1 in a sequence-specific manner. Taken together, RocA could block autophagic immune resistance to NK cell-mediated killing, and our data suggested that RocA was a promising therapeutic candidate in NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yao
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhongya Ni
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chenyuan Gong
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zihang Xu
- Department of Internal Classic of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chunxian Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wuxiong Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chunpu Zou
- Department of Internal Classic of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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13
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Jin X, Wang Z, Pang W, Zhou J, Liang Y, Yang J, Yang L, Zhang Q. Upregulated hsa_circ_0004458 Contributes to Progression of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Inhibition of miR-885-5p and Activation of RAC1. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5488-5500. [PMID: 30086127 PMCID: PMC6094983 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs, may act as biomarkers and therapeutic targets of various cancers. However, the effects of hsa_circ_0004458 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are still very much unclear. We aimed to demonstrate the potential roles of hsa_circ_0004458 in the progression of PTC. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our study, qRT-PCR assay was performed to assess hsa_circ_0004458, miR-885-5p and RAC1 expressions. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the regulatory effects of hsa_circ_0004458 on miR-885-5p, and miR-885-5p on RAC1. MTT and flow cytometry assays were used to measure the cell proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis abilities. Tumor formation assay in nude mice was performed to measure the tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS Our results indicated that hsa_circ_0004458 was upregulated in PTC tissues and cells, while silencing of hsa_circ_0004458 suppressed PTC cell proliferation and promoted PTC cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro. Tumor formation assay in nude mice showed that knockdown of hsa_circ_0004458 by siRNAs inhibited the growth of PTC tumor in vivo. In addition, we found that miR-885-5p was a direct target of hsa_circ_0004458, and silencing of hsa_circ_0004458 inhibited PTC cell proliferation by miR-885-5p. We also demonstrated that RAC1 was a direct target of miR-885-5p and silencing of RAC1 suppressed PTC cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS We found that hsa_circ_0004458 promoted the progression of PTC by inhibition of miR-885-5p and activation of RAC1, and hsa_circ_0004458 may serve as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wenyang Pang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jingjin Yang
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Linjun Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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14
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Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Samarakoon SR. In vitro assays and techniques utilized in anticancer drug discovery. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:38-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; University of Colombo; Colombo 03 Sri Lanka
| | - Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; University of Colombo; Colombo 03 Sri Lanka
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15
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Down‐regulation of intracellular anti‐apoptotic proteins, particularly c‐FLIP by therapeutic agents; the novel view to overcome resistance to TRAIL. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6470-6485. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Evaluation of Anti-Metastatic Potential of the Combination of Fisetin with Paclitaxel on A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030661. [PMID: 29495431 PMCID: PMC5877522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and development of new agents with a therapeutic potential as well as novel drug combinations are gaining the attention of scientists and clinicians as a plausible approach to improve therapeutic regimens for chemoresistant tumors. We have recently reported that the flavonoid fisetin (FIS), at physiologically attainable concentrations, acts synergistically with clinically achievable doses of paclitaxel (PTX) to produce growth inhibitory and pro-death effects on A549 human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. To further investigate a potential therapeutic efficacy of the combination of fisetin with paclitaxel, we decided to assess its impact on metastatic capability of A549 cells as well as its toxicity toward normal human lung fibroblast. Cell viability, cell migration, and invasion were measured by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell chamber assay, respectively. The expression of metastasis-related genes was assessed with quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Actin and vimentin filaments were examined under the fluorescence microscope. The combination of FIS and PTX significantly reduced cancer cell migration and invasion, at least partially, through a marked rearrangement of actin and vimentin cytoskeleton and the modulation of metastasis-related genes. Most of these effects of the combination treatment were significantly greater than those of individual agents. Paclitaxel alone was even more toxic to normal cells than the combination of this drug with the flavonoid, suggesting that FIS may provide some protection against PTX-mediated cytotoxicity. The combination of FIS and PTX is expected to have a synergistic anticancer efficacy and a significant potential for the treatment of NSCLC, however, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to confirm this preliminary evidence.
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17
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Cardama GA, Gonzalez N, Maggio J, Menna PL, Gomez DE. Rho GTPases as therapeutic targets in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1025-1034. [PMID: 28848995 PMCID: PMC5592879 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are key molecular switches controlling the transduction of external signals to cytoplasmic and nuclear effectors. In the last few years, the development of genetic and pharmacological tools has allowed a more precise definition of the specific roles of Rho GTPases in cancer. The aim of the present review is to describe the cellular functions regulated by these proteins with focus in deregulated signals present in malignant tumors. Finally, we describe the state of the art in search of different experimental therapeutic strategies with Rho GTPases as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Cardama
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Maggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Lorenzano Menna
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D E Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Wang J, Wang Q, Lu D, Zhou F, Wang D, Feng R, Wang K, Molday R, Xie J, Wen T. A biosystems approach to identify the molecular signaling mechanisms of TMEM30A during tumor migration. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640862 PMCID: PMC5481017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cell migration, which plays an important role in tumor growth and progression, is critical for the development of novel tumor therapeutics. Overexpression of transmembrane protein 30A (TMEM30A) has been shown to initiate tumor cell migration, however, the molecular mechanisms through which this takes place have not yet been reported. Thus, we propose the integration of computational and experimental approaches by first predicting potential signaling networks regulated by TMEM30A using a) computational biology methods, b) our previous mass spectrometry results of the TMEM30A complex in mouse tissue, and c) a number of migration-related genes manually collected from the literature, and subsequently performing molecular biology experiments including the in vitro scratch assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to validate the reliability of the predicted network. The results verify that the genes identified in the computational signaling network are indeed regulated by TMEM30A during cell migration, indicating the effectiveness of our proposed method and shedding light on the regulatory mechanisms underlying tumor migration, which facilitates the understanding of the molecular basis of tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongfang Lu
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruili Feng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert Molday
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jiang Xie
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (TQW)
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (TQW)
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19
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Yueh H, Gao Q, Porco JA, Beeler AB. A photochemical flow reactor for large scale syntheses of aglain and rocaglate natural product analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6197-6202. [PMID: 28666859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of continuous flow photoreactors for large scale ESIPT-mediated [3+2]-photocycloaddition of 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyflavone and cinnamate-derived dipolarophiles. These reactors can be efficiently numbered up to increase throughput two orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding batch reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yueh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Qiwen Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - John A Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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20
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Zandvakili I, Lin Y, Morris JC, Zheng Y. Rho GTPases: Anti- or pro-neoplastic targets? Oncogene 2016; 36:3213-3222. [PMID: 27991930 PMCID: PMC5464989 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are critical signal transducers of multiple pathways. They have been proposed to be useful anti-neoplastic targets for over two decades, especially in Ras-driven cancers. Until recently, however, few in vivo studies had been carried out to test this premise. Several recent mouse model studies have verified that Rac1, RhoA, and some of their effector proteins such as PAK and ROCK, are likely anti-cancer targets for treating K-Ras-driven tumors. Other seemingly contradictory studies have suggested that at least in certain instances inhibition of individual Rho GTPases may paradoxically result in pro-neoplastic effects. Significantly, both RhoA GTPase gain- and loss-of-function mutations have been discovered in primary leukemia/lymphoma and gastric cancer by human cancer genome sequencing efforts, suggesting both pro- and anti-neoplastic roles. In this review we summarize and integrate these unexpected findings and discuss the mechanistic implications in the design and application of Rho GTPase targeting strategies in future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zandvakili
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Medical-Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Y Lin
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - J C Morris
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Y Zheng
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Medical-Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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