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Han CW, Lee HN, Jeong MS, Kim HY, Jang SB. Structural identification and comprehension of human ALDH1L1-Gossypol complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 726:150306. [PMID: 38917634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The folate metabolism enzyme ALDH1L1 catalyzed 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2. Non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) strongly express ALDH1L1. Gossypol binds to an allosteric site and disrupts the folate metabolism by preventing NADP+ binding. The Cryo-EM structures of tetrameric C-terminal aldehyde dehydrogenase human ALDH1L1 complex with gossypol were examined. Gossypol-bound ALDH1L1 interfered with NADP+ by shifting the allosteric site of the structural conformation, producing a closed-form NADP+ binding site. In addition, the inhibition activity of ALDH1L1 was targeted with gossypol in NSCLC. The gossypol treatment had anti-cancer effects on NSCLC by blocking NADPH and ATP production. These findings emphasize the structure characterizing ALDH1L1 with gossypol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woo Han
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Na Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Suk Jeong
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeoul Kim
- Elysiumbio Inc #2007, Samsung Cheil B/D, 309 Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06151, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Bok Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Mu Y, Zhang Z, Zhou H, Ma L, Wang DA. Applications of nanotechnology in remodeling the tumour microenvironment for glioblastoma treatment. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 38993162 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing research and deepening understanding of the glioblastoma (GBM) tumour microenvironment (TME), novel and more effective therapeutic strategies have been proposed. The GBM TME involves intricate interactions between tumour and non-tumour cells, promoting tumour progression. Key therapeutic goals for GBM treatment include improving the immunosuppressive microenvironment, enhancing the cytotoxicity of immune cells against tumours, and inhibiting tumour growth and proliferation. Consequently, remodeling the GBM TME using nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery enables targeted delivery, thereby improving treatment specificity, facilitating combination therapies, and optimizing drug metabolism. This review provides an overview of the GBM TME and discusses the methods of remodeling the GBM TME using nanotechnology. Specifically, it explores the application of nanotechnology in ameliorating immune cell immunosuppression, inducing immunogenic cell death, stimulating, and recruiting immune cells, regulating tumour metabolism, and modulating the crosstalk between tumours and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Huiqun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
- Centre for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, InnoHK, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Bosso M, Haddad D, Al Madhoun A, Al-Mulla F. Targeting the Metabolic Paradigms in Cancer and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:211. [PMID: 38255314 PMCID: PMC10813379 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolic dynamics are evident in both cancer and diabetes, with metabolic alterations representing a facet of the myriad changes observed in these conditions. This review delves into the commonalities in metabolism between cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing specifically on the contrasting roles of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis as primary energy-generating pathways within cells. Building on earlier research, we explore how a shift towards one pathway over the other serves as a foundational aspect in the development of cancer and T2D. Unlike previous reviews, we posit that this shift may occur in seemingly opposing yet complementary directions, akin to the Yin and Yang concept. These metabolic fluctuations reveal an intricate network of underlying defective signaling pathways, orchestrating the pathogenesis and progression of each disease. The Warburg phenomenon, characterized by the prevalence of aerobic glycolysis over minimal to no OXPHOS, emerges as the predominant metabolic phenotype in cancer. Conversely, in T2D, the prevailing metabolic paradigm has traditionally been perceived in terms of discrete irregularities rather than an OXPHOS-to-glycolysis shift. Throughout T2D pathogenesis, OXPHOS remains consistently heightened due to chronic hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia. In advanced insulin resistance and T2D, the metabolic landscape becomes more complex, featuring differential tissue-specific alterations that affect OXPHOS. Recent findings suggest that addressing the metabolic imbalance in both cancer and diabetes could offer an effective treatment strategy. Numerous pharmaceutical and nutritional modalities exhibiting therapeutic effects in both conditions ultimately modulate the OXPHOS-glycolysis axis. Noteworthy nutritional adjuncts, such as alpha-lipoic acid, flavonoids, and glutamine, demonstrate the ability to reprogram metabolism, exerting anti-tumor and anti-diabetic effects. Similarly, pharmacological agents like metformin exhibit therapeutic efficacy in both T2D and cancer. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying these metabolic shifts and explores promising therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing the metabolic imbalance in both disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Bosso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
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Pendleton KE, Wang K, Echeverria GV. Rewiring of mitochondrial metabolism in therapy-resistant cancers: permanent and plastic adaptations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1254313. [PMID: 37779896 PMCID: PMC10534013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1254313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of tumor cell metabolism is widely recognized as a "hallmark of cancer." Many of the selective pressures encountered by tumor cells, such as exposure to anticancer therapies, navigation of the metastatic cascade, and communication with the tumor microenvironment, can elicit further rewiring of tumor cell metabolism. Furthermore, phenotypic plasticity has been recently appreciated as an emerging "hallmark of cancer." Mitochondria are dynamic organelles and central hubs of metabolism whose roles in cancers have been a major focus of numerous studies. Importantly, therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria are being developed. Interestingly, both plastic (i.e., reversible) and permanent (i.e., stable) metabolic adaptations have been observed following exposure to anticancer therapeutics. Understanding the plastic or permanent nature of these mechanisms is of crucial importance for devising the initiation, duration, and sequential nature of metabolism-targeting therapies. In this review, we compare permanent and plastic mitochondrial mechanisms driving therapy resistance. We also discuss experimental models of therapy-induced metabolic adaptation, therapeutic implications for targeting permanent and plastic metabolic states, and clinical implications of metabolic adaptations. While the plasticity of metabolic adaptations can make effective therapeutic treatment challenging, understanding the mechanisms behind these plastic phenotypes may lead to promising clinical interventions that will ultimately lead to better overall care for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Pendleton
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karen Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gloria V. Echeverria
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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5
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Al-Shamma SA, Zaher DM, Hersi F, Abu Jayab NN, Omar HA. Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy: An approach to tackle resistance in cancer cells. Life Sci 2023; 320:121541. [PMID: 36870386 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Modern cancer chemotherapy originated in the 1940s, and since then, many chemotherapeutic agents have been developed. However, most of these agents show limited response in patients due to innate and acquired resistance to therapy, which leads to the development of multi-drug resistance to different treatment modalities, leading to cancer recurrence and, eventually, patient death. One of the crucial players in inducing chemotherapy resistance is the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme. ALDH is overexpressed in chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells, which detoxifies the generated toxic aldehydes from chemotherapy, preventing the formation of reactive oxygen species and, thus, inhibiting the induction of oxidative stress and the stimulation of DNA damage and cell death. This review discusses the mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells promoted by ALDH. In addition, we provide detailed insight into the role of ALDH in cancer stemness, metastasis, metabolism, and cell death. Several studies investigated targeting ALDH in combination with other treatments as a potential therapeutic regimen to overcome resistance. We also highlight novel approaches in ALDH inhibition, including the potential synergistic employment of ALDH inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy against different cancers, including head and neck, colorectal, breast, lung, and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Al-Shamma
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana M Zaher
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatema Hersi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour N Abu Jayab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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Metabolomic and Mitochondrial Fingerprinting of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Non-Tumorigenic and Tumorigenic Human Breast Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246214. [PMID: 36551699 PMCID: PMC9776482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is key to tumor aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and immune escape in breast cancer. Because metabolic traits might be involved along the EMT continuum, we investigated whether human breast epithelial cells engineered to stably acquire a mesenchymal phenotype in non-tumorigenic and H-RasV12-driven tumorigenic backgrounds possess unique metabolic fingerprints. We profiled mitochondrial-cytosolic bioenergetic and one-carbon (1C) metabolites by metabolomic analysis, and then questioned the utilization of different mitochondrial substrates by EMT mitochondria and their sensitivity to mitochondria-centered inhibitors. "Upper" and "lower" glycolysis were the preferred glucose fluxes activated by EMT in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic backgrounds, respectively. EMT in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic backgrounds could be distinguished by the differential contribution of the homocysteine-methionine 1C cycle to the transsulfuration pathway. Both non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic EMT-activated cells showed elevated mitochondrial utilization of glycolysis end-products such as lactic acid, β-oxidation substrates including palmitoyl-carnitine, and tricarboxylic acid pathway substrates such as succinic acid. Notably, mitochondria in tumorigenic EMT cells distinctively exhibited a significant alteration in the electron flow intensity from succinate to mitochondrial complex III as they were highly refractory to the inhibitory effects of antimycin A and myxothiazol. Our results show that the bioenergetic/1C metabolic signature, the utilization rates of preferred mitochondrial substrates, and sensitivity to mitochondrial drugs significantly differs upon execution of EMT in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic backgrounds, which could help to resolve the relationship between EMT, malignancy, and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer.
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Zhang Q, Tang Y, Sun S, Xie Q, Yao J, Wang X, Qian J, Li Z. An extensive bioinformatics study on the role of mitochondrial solute carrier family 25 in PC and its mechanism behind affecting immune infiltration and tumor energy metabolism. J Transl Med 2022; 20:592. [PMID: 36514121 PMCID: PMC9746138 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several metabolic disorders and malignancies are directly related to abnormal mitochondrial solute carrier family 25 (SLC25A) members activity. However, its biological role in pancreatic cancer (PC) is not entirely understood. METHODS The lasso method was used to create a novel prognostic risk model for PC based on SLC25A members, and its roles in tumor immunology and energy metabolism were explored. Furthermore, co-expression networks were constructed for SLC25A11, SLC25A29, and SLC25A44. Single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) revealed the distribution of gene expression in PC. Tumor immune infiltration was examined with the TIMER database. Lastly, drug sensitivity was investigated, and co-transcriptional factors were predicted. RESULTS In the present study, a novel prognostic risk model was established and validated for PC based on SLC25A members. The high-risk group had a lower activation of oxidative phosphorylation and a more abundant immune infiltration phenotype than the low-risk group. According to co-expression network studies, SLC25A11, SLC25A29, and SLC25A44 were involved in the energy metabolism of PC and prevented tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. ScRNA-seq research also pointed to their contribution to the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the recruitment of numerous immune cells was positively correlated with SLC25A11 and SLC25A44 but negatively correlated with SLC25A29. Additionally, the sensitivity to 20 Food and Drug Administration-approved antineoplastic medicines was strongly linked to the aforementioned genes, where cisplatin sensitivity increased with the up-regulation of SLC25A29. Finally, the Scleraxis BHLH Transcription Factor (SCX) and other proteins were hypothesized to co-regulate the mRNA transcription of the genes. CONCLUSION SLC25A members are crucial for tumor immune and energy metabolism in PC, and SLC25A11, SLC25A29, and SLC25A44 can be used as favorable prognostic markers. The use of these markers will provide new directions to unravel their action mechanisms in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- grid.268415.cMedical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000 China
| | - Yubao Tang
- grid.268415.cMedical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000 China
| | - Shuai Sun
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 111600 Liaoning China
| | - Qiuyi Xie
- grid.268415.cMedical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000 China
| | - Jie Yao
- grid.452743.30000 0004 1788 4869Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- grid.452743.30000 0004 1788 4869Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001 Jiangsu China
| | - Jianjun Qian
- grid.452743.30000 0004 1788 4869Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhennan Li
- grid.452743.30000 0004 1788 4869Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001 Jiangsu China
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Isothiocyanates (ITCs) 1-(Isothiocyanatomethyl)-4-phenylbenzene and 1-Isothiocyanato-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene—Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Inhibitors, Decreases Cisplatin Tolerance and Migratory Ability of NSCLC. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158644. [PMID: 35955773 PMCID: PMC9369118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main treatment modalities for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, the acquisition of cisplatin resistance remains a major problem. Existing chemotherapy regimens are often ineffective against cancer cells expressing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). As such, there is an urgent need for therapies targeting ALDH-positive cancer cells. The present study compares the anticancer properties of 36 structurally diverse isothiocyanates (ITCs) against NSCLC cells with the ALDH inhibitor disulfiram (DSF). Their potential affinity to ALDH isoforms and ABC proteins was assessed using AutoDockTools, allowing for selection of three compounds presenting the strongest affinity to all tested proteins. The selected ITCs had no impact on NSCLC cell viability (at tested concentrations), but significantly decreased the cisplatin tolerance of cisplatin-resistant variant of A549 (A549CisR) and advanced (stage 4) NSCLC cell line H1581. Furthermore, long-term supplementation with ITC 1-(isothiocyanatomethyl)-4-phenylbenzene reverses the EMT phenotype and migratory potential of A549CisR to the level presented by parental A549 cells, increasing E-Cadherin expression, followed by decreased expression of ABCC1 and ALDH3A1. Our data indicates that the ALDH inhibitors DSF and ITCs are potential adjuvants of cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Lee H, Woo SM, Jang H, Kang M, Kim SY. Cancer depends on fatty acids for ATP production: A possible link between cancer and obesity. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:347-357. [PMID: 35868515 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several metabolic pathways for the supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have been proposed; however, the major source of reducing power for ADP in cancer remains unclear. Although glycolysis is the source of ATP in tumors according to the Warburg effect, ATP levels do not differ between cancer cells grown in the presence and absence of glucose. Several theories have been proposed to explain the supply of ATP in cancer, including metabolic reprograming in the tumor microenvironment. However, these theories are based on the production of ATP by the TCA-OxPhos pathway, which is inconsistent with the Warburg effect. We found that blocking fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the presence of glucose significantly decreased ATP production in various cancer cells. This suggests that cancer cells depend on fatty acids to produce ATP through FAO instead of glycolysis. We observed that cancer cell growth mainly relies on metabolic nutrients and oxygen systemically supplied through the bloodstream instead of metabolic reprogramming. In a spontaneous mouse tumor model (KrasG12D; Pdx1-cre), tumor growth was 2-fold higher in mice fed a high-fat diet (low-carbo diet) that caused obesity, whereas a calorie-balanced, low-fat diet (high-carbo diet) inhibited tumor growth by 3-fold compared with that in mice fed a control/normal diet. This 5-fold difference in tumor growth between mice fed low-fat and high-fat diets suggests that fat-induced obesity promotes cancer growth, and tumor growth depends on fatty acids as the primary source of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myung Woo
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea; Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Kang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea; New Cancer Cure-Bio Co., Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea; New Cancer Cure-Bio Co., Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea.
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Mattos DR, Wan X, Serrill JD, Nguyen MH, Humphreys IR, Viollet B, Smith AB, McPhail KL, Ishmael JE. The Marine-Derived Macrolactone Mandelalide A Is an Indirect Activator of AMPK. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070418. [PMID: 35877711 PMCID: PMC9320534 DOI: 10.3390/md20070418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mandelalides are complex macrolactone natural products with distinct macrocycle motifs and a bioactivity profile that is heavily influenced by compound glycosylation. Mandelalides A and B are direct inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase (complex V) and therefore more toxic to mammalian cells with an oxidative metabolic phenotype. To provide further insight into the pharmacology of the mandelalides, we studied the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) energy stress pathway and report that mandelalide A is an indirect activator of AMPK. Wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and representative human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells showed statistically significant increases in phospho-AMPK (Thr172) and phospho-ACC (Ser79) in response to mandelalide A. Mandelalide L, which also harbors an A-type macrocycle, induced similar increases in phospho-AMPK (Thr172) and phospho-ACC (Ser79) in U87-MG glioblastoma cells. In contrast, MEFs co-treated with an AMPK inhibitor (dorsomorphin), AMPKα-null MEFs, or NSCLC cells lacking liver kinase B1 (LKB1) lacked this activity. Mandelalide A was significantly more cytotoxic to AMPKα-null MEFs than wild-type cells, suggesting that AMPK activation serves as a protective response to mandelalide-induced depletion of cellular ATP. However, LKB1 status alone was not predictive of the antiproliferative effects of mandelalide A against NSCLC cells. When EGFR status was considered, erlotinib and mandelalide A showed strong cytotoxic synergy in combination against erlotinib-resistant 11-18 NSCLC cells but not against erlotinib-sensitive PC-9 cells. Finally, prolonged exposures rendered mandelalide A, a potent and efficacious cytotoxin, against a panel of human glioblastoma cell types regardless of the underlying metabolic phenotype of the cell. These results add biological relevance to the mandelalide series and provide the basis for their further pre-clinical evaluation as ATP synthase inhibitors and secondary activators of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne R. Mattos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (D.R.M.); (X.W.); (J.D.S.); (I.R.H.); (K.L.M.)
| | - Xuemei Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (D.R.M.); (X.W.); (J.D.S.); (I.R.H.); (K.L.M.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Serrill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (D.R.M.); (X.W.); (J.D.S.); (I.R.H.); (K.L.M.)
| | - Minh H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.H.N.); (A.B.S.III)
| | - Ian R. Humphreys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (D.R.M.); (X.W.); (J.D.S.); (I.R.H.); (K.L.M.)
| | - Benoit Viollet
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France;
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.H.N.); (A.B.S.III)
| | - Kerry L. McPhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (D.R.M.); (X.W.); (J.D.S.); (I.R.H.); (K.L.M.)
| | - Jane E. Ishmael
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (D.R.M.); (X.W.); (J.D.S.); (I.R.H.); (K.L.M.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Chen S, Tian Y, Ju A, Li B, Fu Y, Luo Y. Suppression of CCT3 Inhibits Tumor Progression by Impairing ATP Production and Cytoplasmic Translation in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073983. [PMID: 35409343 PMCID: PMC9000022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are highly expressed in various cancers and exert critical functions in tumor progression. However, their expression patterns and functions in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain largely unknown. We identified that chaperonin-containing T-complex protein-1 subunit 3 (CCT3) was highly expressed in LUAD cells and was positively correlated with LUAD malignancy in the clinical samples. Animal studies showed that silencing CCT3 dramatically inhibited tumor growth and metastasis of LUAD. Proliferation and migration were markedly suppressed in CCT3-deficient LUAD cells. Moreover, the knockdown of CCT3 promoted apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, the function of glycolysis was significantly inhibited and the total intracellular ATP levels were reduced by at least 25% in CCT3-deficient cells. In addition, the knockdown of CCT3 decreased the protein translation and led to a significant reduction in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (EIF3G) protein, which was identified as a protein that interacts with CCT3. Impaired protein synthesis and cell growth in EIF3G-deficient cells were consistent with those caused by CCT3 knockdown in LUAD cells. Taken together, our study demonstrated in multiple ways that CCT3 is a critical factor for supporting growth and metastasis of LUAD, and for the first time, its roles in maintaining intracellular ATP levels and cytoplasmic translation are reported. Our novel findings provide a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuohua Chen
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (S.C.); (Y.T.); (A.J.); (B.L.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (S.C.); (Y.T.); (A.J.); (B.L.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anji Ju
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (S.C.); (Y.T.); (A.J.); (B.L.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boya Li
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (S.C.); (Y.T.); (A.J.); (B.L.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (S.C.); (Y.T.); (A.J.); (B.L.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (S.C.); (Y.T.); (A.J.); (B.L.); (Y.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Li L, Liu J, Liang Q, Feng Y, Wang C, Wu S, Li Y. Downregulation of lncRNA PpL-T31511 and Pp-miRn182 Promotes Hydrogen Cyanamide-Induced Endodormancy Release through the PP2C-H 2O 2 Pathway in Pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111842. [PMID: 34769273 PMCID: PMC8584160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bud endodormancy is an important, complex process subject to both genetic and epigenetic control, the mechanism of which is still unclear. The endogenous hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and its signaling pathway play important roles in the endodormancy process, in which the type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) is key to the ABA signal pathway. Due to its excellent effect on endodormancy release, hydrogen cyanamide (HC) treatment is considered an effective measure to study the mechanism of endodormancy release. In this study, RNA-Seq analysis was conducted on endodormant floral buds of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) with HC treatment, and the HC-induced PP2C gene PpPP2C1 was identified. Next, software prediction, expression tests and transient assays revealed that lncRNA PpL-T31511-derived Pp-miRn182 targets PpPP2C1. The expression analysis showed that HC treatment upregulated the expression of PpPP2C1 and downregulated the expression of PpL-T31511 and Pp-miRn182. Moreover, HC treatment inhibited the accumulation of ABA signaling pathway-related genes and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Furthermore, overexpression of Pp-miRn182 reduced the inhibitory effect of PpPP2C1 on the H2O2 content. In summary, our study suggests that downregulation of PpL-T31511-derived Pp-miRn182 promotes HC-induced endodormancy release in pear plants through the PP2C-H2O2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan District, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Jinhang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Qin Liang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Yu Feng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Shaohua Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Yongyu Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.F.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Püschel J, Dubrovska A, Gorodetska I. The Multifaceted Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4703. [PMID: 34572930 PMCID: PMC8472046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the only tumor cells possessing self-renewal and differentiation properties, making them an engine of tumor progression and a source of tumor regrowth after treatment. Conventional therapies eliminate most non-CSCs, while CSCs often remain radiation and drug resistant, leading to tumor relapse and metastases. Thus, targeting CSCs might be a powerful tool to overcome tumor resistance and increase the efficiency of current cancer treatment strategies. The identification and isolation of the CSC population based on its high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH) is widely accepted for prostate cancer (PCa) and many other solid tumors. In PCa, several ALDH genes contribute to the ALDH activity, which can be measured in the enzymatic assay by converting 4, 4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) aminoacetaldehyde (BAAA) into the fluorescent product BODIPY-aminoacetate (BAA). Although each ALDH isoform plays an individual role in PCa biology, their mutual functional interplay also contributes to PCa progression. Thus, ALDH proteins are markers and functional regulators of CSC properties, representing an attractive target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the current state of research regarding the role of individual ALDH isoforms in PCa development and progression, their possible therapeutic targeting, and provide an outlook for the future advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Püschel
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
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14
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Yu W, Yang X, Zhang Q, Sun L, Yuan S, Xin Y. Targeting GLS1 to cancer therapy through glutamine metabolism. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2253-2268. [PMID: 34023970 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancers which is described as an essential role in serving as a major energy and building blocks supply to cell proliferation in cancer cells. Many malignant tumor cells always display glutamine addiction. The "kidney-type" glutaminase (GLS1) is a metabolism enzyme which plays a significant part in glutaminolysis. Interestingly, GLS1 is often overexpressed in highly proliferative cancer cells to fulfill enhanced glutamine demand. So far, GLS1 has been proved to be a significant target during the carcinogenesis process, and emerging evidence reveals that its inhibitors could provide a benefit strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we summarize the prognostic value of GLS1 in multiple cancer type and its related regulatory factors which are associated with antitumor activity. Moreover, this review article highlights the remarkable reform of discovery and development for GLS1 inhibitors. On the basis of case studies, our perspectives for targeting GLS1 and development of GLS1 antagonist are discussed in the final part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21000, Jiangsu, China
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - XiangYu Yang
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Sun
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21000, Jiangsu, China
| | - ShengTao Yuan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - YongJie Xin
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Reply to Krupenko et al. Comment on "Lee et al. The Combination of Loss of ALDH1L1 Function and Phenformin Treatment Decreases Tumor Growth in KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer Cancers 2020, 12, 1382". Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092238. [PMID: 34066916 PMCID: PMC8124425 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Mussap M, Noto A, Piras C, Atzori L, Fanos V. Slotting metabolomics into routine precision medicine. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2021.1911639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mussap
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Antonio Noto
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Cristina Piras
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Krupenko SA, Sharma J. Is ALDH1L1 Elevated in Lung Cancer? Comment on: Lee, S.-H.; et al. "The Combination of Loss of ALDH1L1 Function and Phenformin Treatment Decreases Tumor Growth in KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer" Cancers 2020, 12, 1382. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071691. [PMID: 33918472 PMCID: PMC8038273 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We read with interest the article by Lee et al [...].
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria have a major impact on virtually all processes linked to oncogenesis. Thus, mitochondrial metabolism inhibition has emerged as a promising anticancer strategy. In this review, we discuss the anticancer potential of mitochondrial inhibitors, with particular focus on metformin, in the context of more effective, targeted therapeutic modalities, and diagnostic strategies for cancer patients. RECENT FINDINGS Metformin has gained interest as an antitumor agent. However, promising results have not been translated into remarkable advances in the clinical practice. Recent findings emphasize the need of providing a metabolic context in which mitochondrial inhibitors may elicit its anticancerous effects. In addition, mitochondria are critical regulators in orchestrating immune responses. Thus, the immunomodulatory effect of mitochondrial inhibitors should also be taken into account to optimize its clinical use. Targeting mitochondrial metabolic network represents a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer. However, there is a need to define the metabolic context in which mitochondrial inhibitors are more effective, as well as how the cross-talk between many immunological functions and mitochondrial functionality may be exploited for a therapeutic benefit in cancer patients.
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Lee JS, Lee H, Woo SM, Jang H, Jeon Y, Kim HY, Song J, Lee WJ, Hong EK, Park SJ, Han SS, Kim SY. Overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is doubled by Aldh7a1 deletion in the KPC mouse. Theranostics 2021; 11:3472-3488. [PMID: 33537098 PMCID: PMC7847681 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 7A1 (ALDH7A1), an enzyme that catalyzes the lipid peroxidation of fatty aldehydes was found to be upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). ALDH7A1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor formation in PDAC. We raised a question how ALDH7A1 contributes to cancer progression. Methods: To answer the question, the role of ALDH7A1 in energy metabolism was investigated by knocking down and knockdown gene in mouse model, because the role of ALDH7A1 has been reported as a catabolic enzyme catalyzing fatty aldehyde from lipid peroxidation to fatty acid. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation assay and immunoblotting were performed. In in vivo study, two human PDAC cell lines were used for pre-clinical xenograft model as well as spontaneous PDAC model of KPC mice was also employed for anti-cancer therapeutic effect. Results:ALDH7A1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor formation with reduction of OCR and ATP production, which was inversely correlated with increase of 4-hydroxynonenal. This implies that ALDH7A1 is critical to process fatty aldehydes from lipid peroxidation. Overall survival of PDAC is doubled by cross breeding of KPC (KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx1-Cre) and Aldh7a1-/- mice. Conclusion: Inhibitions of ALDH7A1 and oxidative phosphorylation using gossypol and phenformin resulted in a regression of tumor formation in xenograft mice model and KPC mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seon Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myung Woo
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeon
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Hong
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Park
- Department of Surgery, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Han
- Department of Surgery, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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20
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Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect of Inhibitors of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Mitochondrial Complex I, and the Chemotherapeutic Drug, Temozolomide against Glioblastoma Tumorspheres. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020282. [PMID: 33429981 PMCID: PMC7827959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident cancer cells with stem cell-like features induce drug tolerance, facilitating survival of glioblastoma (GBM). We previously showed that strategies targeting tumor bioenergetics present a novel emerging avenue for treatment of GBM. The objective of this study was to enhance the therapeutic effects of dual inhibition of tumor bioenergetics by combination of gossypol, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, and phenformin, a biguanide compound that depletes oxidative phosphorylation, with the chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide (TMZ), to block proliferation, stemness, and invasiveness of GBM tumorspheres (TSs). Combination therapy with gossypol, phenformin, and TMZ induced a significant reduction in ATP levels, cell viability, stemness, and invasiveness compared to TMZ monotherapy and dual therapy with gossypol and phenformin. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed up-regulation of genes involved in programmed cell death, autophagy, and protein metabolism and down-regulation of those associated with cell metabolism, cycle, and adhesion. Combination of TMZ with dual inhibitors of tumor bioenergetics may, therefore, present an effective strategy against GBM by enhancing therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms of action.
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21
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Oxoglutarate Carrier Inhibition Reduced Melanoma Growth and Invasion by Reducing ATP Production. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111128. [PMID: 33238375 PMCID: PMC7700517 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that (a) mitochondria in proliferating cancer cells are functional, (b) cancer cells use more oxygen than normal cells for oxidative phosphorylation, and (c) cancer cells critically rely on cytosolic NADH transported into mitochondria via the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) for ATP production. In a spontaneous lung cancer model, tumor growth was reduced by 50% in heterozygous oxoglutarate carrier (OGC) knock-out mice compared with wild-type counterparts. To determine the mechanism through which OGC promotes tumor growth, the effects of the OGC inhibitor N-phenylmaleimide (NPM) on mitochondrial activity, oxygen consumption, and ATP production were evaluated in melanoma cell lines. NPM suppressed oxygen consumption and decreased ATP production in melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. NPM also reduced the proliferation of melanoma cells. To test the effects of NPM on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, NPM was administered in a human melanoma xenograft model. NPM reduced tumor growth by approximately 50% and reduced melanoma invasion by 70% at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Therefore, blocking OGC activity may be a useful approach for cancer therapy.
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22
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Yoo HC, Yu YC, Sung Y, Han JM. Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1496-1516. [PMID: 32943735 PMCID: PMC8080614 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As knowledge of cell metabolism has advanced, glutamine has been considered an important amino acid that supplies carbon and nitrogen to fuel biosynthesis. A recent study provided a new perspective on mitochondrial glutamine metabolism, offering mechanistic insights into metabolic adaptation during tumor hypoxia, the emergence of drug resistance, and glutaminolysis-induced metabolic reprogramming and presenting metabolic strategies to target glutamine metabolism in cancer cells. In this review, we introduce the various biosynthetic and bioenergetic roles of glutamine based on the compartmentalization of glutamine metabolism to explain why cells exhibit metabolic reliance on glutamine. Additionally, we examined whether glutamine derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation associated with tumorigenesis. In addition, in discussing glutamine transporters, we propose a metabolic target for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Chan Yoo
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Ya Chun Yu
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Yulseung Sung
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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23
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Targeting Oxidative Phosphorylation Reverses Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells by Blocking Autophagy Recycling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092013. [PMID: 32883024 PMCID: PMC7565066 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest challenge in cancer therapy is posed by drug-resistant recurrence following treatment. Anticancer chemotherapy is largely focused on targeting the rapid proliferation and biosynthesis of cancer cells. This strategy has the potential to trigger autophagy, enabling cancer cell survival through the recycling of molecules and energy essential for biosynthesis, leading to drug resistance. Autophagy recycling contributes amino acids and ATP to restore mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity, which leads to cell survival. However, autophagy with mTORC1 activation can be stalled by reducing the ATP level. We have previously shown that cytosolic NADH production supported by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is critical for supplying ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in cancer cell mitochondria. Inhibitors of the mitochondrial complex I of the OxPhos electron transfer chain and ALDH significantly reduce the ATP level selectively in cancer cells, terminating autophagy triggered by anticancer drug treatment. With the aim of overcoming drug resistance, we investigated combining the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, using phenformin, and ALDH, using gossypol, with anticancer drug treatment. Here, we show that OxPhos targeting combined with anticancer drugs acts synergistically to enhance the anticancer effect in mouse xenograft models of various cancers, which suggests a potential therapeutic approach for drug-resistant cancer.
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ATP Production Relies on Fatty Acid Oxidation Rather than Glycolysis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092477. [PMID: 32882923 PMCID: PMC7564784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is known as the main pathway for ATP production in cancer cells. However, in cancer cells, glucose deprivation for 24 h does not reduce ATP levels, whereas it does suppress lactate production. In this study, metabolic pathways were blocked to identify the main pathway of ATP production in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Blocking fatty acid oxidation (FAO) decreased ATP production by 40% in cancer cells with no effect on normal cells. The effects of calorie balanced high- or low-fat diets were tested to determine whether cancer growth is modulated by fatty acids instead of calories. A low-fat diet caused a 70% decrease in pancreatic preneoplastic lesions compared with the control, whereas a high-fat diet caused a two-fold increase in preneoplastic lesions accompanied with increase of ATP production in the Kras (G12D)/Pdx1-cre PDAC model. The present results suggest that ATP production in cancer cells is dependent on FAO rather than on glycolysis, which can be a therapeutic approach by targeting cancer energy metabolism.
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Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U. Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1280. [PMID: 32849491 PMCID: PMC7426526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the pre- and post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types of cells, which carry a risk for a disease progression and subsequent post-therapeutic relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses. At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. Due to their importance, several biomarkers that characterize CSCs have been identified and correlated to diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, CSCs have been shown to display a high plasticity, which changes their phenotypic and functional appearance. Such changes are induced by chemo- and radiotherapeutics as well as senescent tumor cells, which cause alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Induction of senescence causes tumor shrinkage by modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment in which tumor cells undergo growth arrest and immune cells are attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, senescence can also have negative effects displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable effects can directly promote cancer stemness by increasing CSC plasticity phenotypes, by activating stemness pathways in non-CSCs, as well as by promoting senescence escape and subsequent activation of stemness pathways. At the end, all these effects can lead to tumor relapse and metastasis. This review provides an overview of the most frequently used CSC markers and their implementation as biomarkers by focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancers) and hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples on how the CSC markers might be influenced by therapeutics, such as chemo- and radiotherapy, and the tumor microenvironment. It points out, that it is crucial to identify and monitor residual CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype in a therapy follow-up using specific biomarkers. As a future perspective, a targeted immune-mediated strategy using chimeric antigen receptor based approaches for the removal of remaining chemotherapy-resistant cells as well as CSCs in a personalized therapeutic approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Walcher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kistenmacher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Dluczek
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Strauß
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André-René Blaudszun
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Lee SH, Jeon Y, Kang JH, Jang H, Lee H, Kim SY. The Combination of Loss of ALDH1L1 Function and Phenformin Treatment Decreases Tumor Growth in KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061382. [PMID: 32481524 PMCID: PMC7352727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma cells express high levels of ALDH1L1, an enzyme of the one-carbon pathway that catalyzes the conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate and NAD(P)H. In this study, we evaluated the potential of ALDH1L1 as a therapeutic target by deleting the Aldh1l1 gene in KrasLA2 mice, a model of spontaneous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Reporter assays revealed KRAS-mediated upregulation of the ALDH1L1 promoter in human NSCLC cells. Aldh1l1-/- mice exhibited a normal phenotype, with a 10% decrease in Kras-driven lung tumorigenesis. By contrast, the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation inhibition using phenformin in Aldh1l1-/-; KrasLA2 mice dramatically decreased the number of tumor nodules and tumor area by up to 50%. Furthermore, combined treatment with pan-ALDH inhibitor and phenformin showed a decreased number and area of lung tumors by 70% in the KrasLA2 lung cancer model. Consistent with this, previous work showed that the combination of ALDH1L1 knockdown and phenformin treatment decreased ATP production by as much as 70% in NSCLS cell lines. Taken together, these results suggest that the combined inhibition of ALDH activity and oxidative phosphorylation represents a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hyeong Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Yoon Jeon
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Joon Hee Kang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.K.); (H.L.)
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Pramono AA, Rather GM, Herman H, Lestari K, Bertino JR. NAD- and NADPH-Contributing Enzymes as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer: An Overview. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030358. [PMID: 32111066 PMCID: PMC7175141 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actively proliferating cancer cells require sufficient amount of NADH and NADPH for biogenesis and to protect cells from the detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species. As both normal and cancer cells share the same NAD biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, selectively lowering levels of NAD(H) and NADPH would be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate limiting enzyme of the NAD salvage pathway, affects the NAD and NADPH pool. Similarly, lowering NADPH by mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) which produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), an oncometabolite that downregulates nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT) via hypermethylation on the promoter region, results in epigenetic regulation. NADPH is used to generate D-2HG, and is also needed to protect dihydrofolate reductase, the target for methotrexate, from degradation. NAD and NADPH pools in various cancer types are regulated by several metabolic enzymes, including methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Thus, targeting NAD and NADPH synthesis under special circumstances is a novel approach to treat some cancers. This article provides the rationale for targeting the key enzymes that maintain the NAD/NADPH pool, and reviews preclinical studies of targeting these enzymes in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvinsyah Adhityo Pramono
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Gulam M. Rather
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Herry Herman
- Division of Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
| | - Keri Lestari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Joseph R. Bertino
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(732)-235-8510
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Gastric cancer depends on aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 for fatty acid oxidation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16313. [PMID: 31705020 PMCID: PMC6841934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The major source of ATP in cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we examined energy metabolism in gastric cancer cells and found increased fatty acid oxidation and increased expression of ALDH3A1. Metabolic analysis showed that lipid peroxidation by reactive oxygen species led to spontaneous production of 4-hydroxynonenal, which was converted to fatty acids with NADH production by ALDH3A1, resulting in further fatty acid oxidation. Inhibition of ALDH3A1 by knock down using siRNA of ALDH3A1 resulted in significantly reduced ATP production by cancer cells, leading to apoptosis. Oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria in gastric cancer cells was driven by NADH supplied via fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, blockade of ALDH3A1 together with mitochondrial complex I using gossypol and phenformin led to significant therapeutic effects in a preclinical gastric cancer model.
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Park J, Shim JK, Kang JH, Choi J, Chang JH, Kim SY, Kang SG. Regulation of bioenergetics through dual inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I suppresses glioblastoma tumorspheres. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:954-965. [PMID: 29294080 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted approaches for treating glioblastoma (GBM) attempted to date have consistently failed, highlighting the imperative for treatment strategies that operate on different mechanistic principles. Bioenergetics deprivation has emerged as an effective therapeutic approach for various tumors. We have previously found that cancer cells preferentially utilize cytosolic NADH supplied by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) for ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This study is aimed at examining therapeutic responses and underlying mechanisms of dual inhibition of ALDH and OxPhos against GBM. Methods For inhibition of ALDH and OxPhos, the corresponding inhibitors, gossypol and phenformin were used. Biological functions, including ATP levels, stemness, invasiveness, and viability, were evaluated in GBM tumorspheres (TSs). Gene expression profiles were analyzed using microarray data. In vivo anticancer efficacy was examined in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. Results Combined treatment of GBM TSs with gossypol and phenformin significantly reduced ATP levels, stemness, invasiveness, and cell viability. Consistently, this therapy substantially decreased expression of genes associated with stemness, mesenchymal transition, and invasion in GBM TSs. Supplementation of ATP using malate abrogated these effects, whereas knockdown of ALDH1L1 mimicked them, suggesting that disruption of ALDH-mediated ATP production is a key mechanism of this therapeutic combination. In vivo efficacy confirmed remarkable therapeutic responses to combined treatment with gossypol and phenformin. Conclusion Our findings suggest that dual inhibition of tumor bioenergetics is a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hee Kang
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Goan YG, Liu PF, Chang HW, Chen HC, Chen WC, Kuo SM, Lee CH, Shu CW. Kinome-Wide Screening with Small Interfering RNA Identified Polo-like Kinase 1 as a Key Regulator of Proliferation in Oral Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081117. [PMID: 31387297 PMCID: PMC6721596 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the major leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, with limited effective markers for diagnosis and therapy, which has caused a low overall survival rate in the past decades. Kinases play important roles in tumor development and malignancy in various types of cancer. However, little is known about the role of kinases in OSCC cells. In this study, an arrayed kinome small interfering RNA (siRNA) library was used to screen oral cancer cell lines and counter assayed with normal fibroblast cells to identify the genes required for cancer cell proliferation. We found that polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) was one of the most potent genes required for OSCC cell proliferation. The knockdown of PLK1 with a siRNA or antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) consistently diminished cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) expression/phosphorylation and the G2-M phase transition. Similar effects were observed in cells treated with the PLK1 kinase inhibitor BI6727. Besides, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis revealed that PLK1 was elevated in tumor tissues and associated with short survival in patients with OSCC. We also found that PLK1 expression was highly correlated with the expression of its downstream effector, CCNB1, in patients with OSCC. Coexpression of the two genes resulted in a poor prognosis of OSCC patients, particularly those in the advanced stages of OSCC. Taken together, our results suggest that PLK1 might be a diagnostic or therapeutic marker for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Gang Goan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Pingtung Branch, Pingtung 91245, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Chen
- Division of Oral & Maxillary Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lee
- Division of Oral & Maxillary Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
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31
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Barbieri F, Verduci I, Carlini V, Zona G, Pagano A, Mazzanti M, Florio T. Repurposed Biguanide Drugs in Glioblastoma Exert Antiproliferative Effects via the Inhibition of Intracellular Chloride Channel 1 Activity. Front Oncol 2019; 9:135. [PMID: 30918838 PMCID: PMC6424887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of in-depth knowledge about the molecular determinants of glioblastoma (GBM) occurrence and progression, combined with few effective and BBB crossing-targeted compounds represents a major challenge for the discovery of novel and efficacious drugs for GBM. Among relevant molecular factors controlling the aggressive behavior of GBM, chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) represents an emerging prognostic and predictive biomarker, as well as a promising therapeutic target. CLIC1 is a metamorphic protein, co-existing as both soluble cytoplasmic and membrane-associated conformers, with the latter acting as chloride selective ion channel. CLIC1 is involved in several physiological cell functions and its abnormal expression triggers tumor development, favoring tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. CLIC1 overexpression is associated with aggressive features of various human solid tumors, including GBM, in which its expression level is correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, increasing evidence shows that modification of microglia ion channel activity, and CLIC1 in particular, contributes to the development of different neuropathological states and brain tumors. Intriguingly, CLIC1 is constitutively active within cancer stem cells (CSCs), while it seems less relevant for the survival of non-CSC GBM subpopulations and for normal cells. CSCs represent GBM development and progression driving force, being endowed with stem cell-like properties (self-renewal and differentiation), ability to survive therapies, to expand and differentiate, causing tumor recurrence. Downregulation of CLIC1 results in drastic inhibition of GBM CSC proliferation in vitro and in vivo, making the control of the activity this of channel a possible innovative pharmacological target. Recently, drugs belonging to the biguanide class (including metformin) were reported to selectively inhibit CLIC1 activity in CSCs, impairing their viability and invasiveness, but sparing normal stem cells, thus representing potential novel antitumor drugs with a safe toxicological profile. On these premises, we review the most recent insights into the biological role of CLIC1 as a potential selective pharmacological target in GBM. Moreover, we examine old and new drugs able to functionally target CLIC1 activity, discussing the challenges and potential development of CLIC1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barbieri
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ivan Verduci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Carlini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zona
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Loss of ALDH1L1 folate enzyme confers a selective metabolic advantage for tumor progression. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:149-155. [PMID: 30794800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ALDH1L1 (cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase) is the enzyme in folate metabolism commonly downregulated in human cancers. One of the mechanisms of the enzyme downregulation is methylation of the promoter of the ALDH1L1 gene. Recent studies underscored ALDH1L1 as a candidate tumor suppressor and potential marker of aggressive cancers. In agreement with the ALDH1L1 loss in cancer, its re-expression leads to inhibition of proliferation and to apoptosis, but also affects migration and invasion of cancer cells through a specific folate-dependent mechanism involved in invasive phenotype. A growing body of literature evaluated the prognostic value of ALDH1L1 expression for cancer disease, the regulatory role of the enzyme in cellular proliferation, and associated metabolic and signaling cellular responses. Overall, there is a strong indication that the ALDH1L1 silencing provides metabolic advantage for tumor progression at a later stage when unlimited proliferation and enhanced motility become critical processes for the tumor expansion. Whether the ALDH1L1 loss is involved in tumor initiation is still an open question.
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Lee JS, Lee H, Lee S, Kang JH, Lee SH, Kim SG, Cho ES, Kim NH, Yook JI, Kim SY. Loss of SLC25A11 causes suppression of NSCLC and melanoma tumor formation. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:184-197. [PMID: 30686754 PMCID: PMC6413681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fast growing cancer cells require greater amounts of ATP than normal cells. Although glycolysis was suggested as a source of anabolic metabolism based on lactate production, the main source of ATP to support cancer cell metabolism remains unidentified. Methods We have proposed that the oxoglutarate carrier SLC25A11 is important for ATP production in cancer by NADH transportation from the cytosol to mitochondria as a malate. We have examined not only changes of ATP and NADH but also changes of metabolites after SLC25A11 knock down in cancer cells. Findings The mitochondrial electron transport chain was functionally active in cancer cells. The cytosolic to mitochondrial NADH ratio was higher in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma cells than in normal cells. This was consistent with higher levels of the oxoglutarate carrier SLC25A11. Blocking malate transport by knockdown of SLC25A11 significantly impaired ATP production and inhibited the growth of cancer cells, which was not observed in normal cells. In in vivo experiments, heterozygote of SLC25A11 knock out mice suppressed KRASLA2 lung tumor formation by cross breeding. Interpretation Cancer cells critically depended on the oxoglutarate carrier SLC25A11 for transporting NADH from cytosol to mitochondria as a malate form for the purpose of ATP production. Therefore blocking SLC25A11 may have an advantage in stopping cancer growth by reducing ATP production. Fund The Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT to SYK (NRF-2017R1A2B2003428).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seon Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hee Kang
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hyeong Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Sandra Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Targeting cancer energy metabolism: a potential systemic cure for cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:140-149. [PMID: 30656605 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long-term investigation and extensive efforts using sequencing and -omics analysis identified thousands of mutations in a single tumor. However, we cannot succeed at curing cancer by targeting mutations as the cause of cancer. Therefore, as an alternate therapeutic approach from classical oncology study, stimulation of the inherent ability of the immune system to attack tumor cells was welcome as a new principle in cancer therapy. However, it cannot be a permanent solution for the question of "which is the common factor that can distinguish cancer from normal?" Targeting the cancer energy metabolism may be a cancer-specific therapy for all kinds of cancer because normal cells do not rely on cancer energy metabolism under normal conditions. Here, trends of cancer metabolism as well as a new theory of cancer energy metabolism in the therapeutic approach is summarized.
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35
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Lee S, Lee JS, Seo J, Lee SH, Kang JH, Song J, Kim SY. Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Abrogated Irinotecan Resistance in NSCLC. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15707. [PMID: 30356107 PMCID: PMC6200737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drug resistance is a major challenge of cancer therapy. We found that irinotecan-resistant NSCLC cells showed increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation compared to the drug sensitive NSCLC cells. Previously, we found that combined inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase using gossypol, and mitochondrial complex I using phenformin, effectively reduced oxidative phosphorylation in NSCLC. Here, we showed that targeting oxidative phosphorylation with gossypol and phenformin abrogated irinotecan resistance in NSCLC. Furthermore, irinotecan treatment by blocking oxidative phosphorylation induced synergistic anti-cancer effect in NSCLC. The pre-clinical xenograft model of human NSCLC also demonstrated a therapeutic response to the dual targeting treatment. Therefore, this combination of gossypol and phenformin increases irinotecan sensitivity as well as preventing irinotecan resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seon-Hyeong Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hee Kang
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea.
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Identification of cancer-type specific expression patterns for active aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isoforms in ALDEFLUOR assay. Cell Biol Toxicol 2018; 35:161-177. [PMID: 30220009 PMCID: PMC6424948 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-018-9444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) defend intracellular homeostasis by catalyzing the conversion of toxic aldehydes into non-toxic carboxylic acids, which is of particular importance to the self-renewal of stem cells and cancer stem cells. The widely used ALDEFLUOR assay was initially designed to indicate the activity of ALDH1A1 in leukemia and has been demonstrated to detect the enzyme activity of several other ALDH isoforms in various cancer types in recent years. However, it is still elusive which isoforms, among the 19 ALDH isoforms in human genome, are the potential contributors in catalyzing ALDEFLUOR assay in different cancers. In the current study, we performed a screening via overexpressing each ALDH isoform to assess their ability of catalyzing ALDEFLUOR assay. Our results demonstrate that nine isoforms are active in ALDEFLUOR assay, whose overexpression significantly increases ALDH-positive (ALDH+) population. Further analysis of the expression of these active isoforms in various cancers reveals cancer-type specific expression patterns, suggesting that different cancer types may exhibit ALDEFLUOR activity through expression of specific active ALDH isoforms. This study strongly indicates that a detailed elucidation of the functions for each active ALDH isoform in CSCs is necessary and important for a profound understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ALDH-associated stemness.
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37
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Anderson RG, Ghiraldeli LP, Pardee TS. Mitochondria in cancer metabolism, an organelle whose time has come? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:96-102. [PMID: 29807044 PMCID: PMC6420819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have long been controversial organelles in cancer. Early discoveries in cancer metabolism placed much emphasis on cytosolic contributions. Initial debate focused on if mitochondria had a role in cancer formation and progression at all. More recently the contributions of mitochondria to cancer development and progression have become firmly established. This has led to the identification of novel targets and inhibitors being studied as new therapeutic approaches. This review will summarize the role of mitochondria in cancer and highlight several agents under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Anderson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States
| | - Lais P Ghiraldeli
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States
| | - Timothy S Pardee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States; Section on Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States; Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Newark, NJ, United States.
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38
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Levy A, Doyen J. Metformin for non-small cell lung cancer patients: Opportunities and pitfalls. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 125:41-47. [PMID: 29650275 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite exciting advances of the anticancer armamentarium in the recent years, mortality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains high and novel treatments are requisite. Therapy intensification is explored with promising, but expensive and potentially toxic new compounds. Repositioning already existing drugs for cancer treatment could save money and improve patient outcomes in specific contexts. Observational data suggest that use of the standard antidiabetic agent metformin decreases lung cancer incidence and mortality. Several basic researches have shown various anticancer effects of metformin, acting both on the glycolytic metabolism and on the tumoral immune microenvironment. Synergistic actions of metformin with antitumoral agents in preclinical NSCLC models have then been highlighted. Recent retrospective studies advocated improved outcomes in NSCLC diabetic patients receiving metformin with chemoradiotherapy or systemic compounds (including conventional platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors). Several prospective randomized trials are therefore currently assessing the addition of metformin to standard therapy in non-diabetic lung cancer patients. This article reviews promises and possible limitations of concurrent metformin used as an anticancer agent in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Levy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut d'Oncologie Thoracique (IOT), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Jérôme Doyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Avenue de Valombrose, 06189, Nice Cedex 2, France; University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS 7284 "Normal and Pathological Angiogenesis", Nice, France
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Kim SY. Cancer Energy Metabolism: Shutting Power off Cancer Factory. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:39-44. [PMID: 29212305 PMCID: PMC5746036 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1923, Dr. Warburg had observed that tumors acidified the Ringer solution when 13 mM glucose was added, which was identified as being due to lactate. When glucose is the only source of nutrient, it can serve for both biosynthesis and energy production. However, a series of studies revealed that the cancer cell consumes glucose for biosynthesis through fermentation, not for energy supply, under physiological conditions. Recently, a new observation was made that there is a metabolic symbiosis in which glycolytic and oxidative tumor cells mutually regulate their energy metabolism. Hypoxic cancer cells use glucose for glycolytic metabolism and release lactate which is used by oxygenated cancer cells. This study challenged the Warburg effect, because Warburg claimed that fermentation by irreversible damaging of mitochondria is a fundamental cause of cancer. However, recent studies revealed that mitochondria in cancer cell show active function of oxidative phosphorylation although TCA cycle is stalled. It was also shown that blocking cytosolic NADH production by aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition, combined with oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, resulted in up to 80% decrease of ATP production, which resulted in a significant regression of tumor growth in the NSCLC model. This suggests a new theory that NADH production in the cytosol plays a key role of ATP production through the mitochondrial electron transport chain in cancer cells, while NADH production is mostly occupied inside mitochondria in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Youl Kim
- Cancer Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
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40
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He J, Yan H, Cai H, Li X, Guan Q, Zheng W, Chen R, Liu H, Song K, Guo Z, Wang X. Statistically controlled identification of differentially expressed genes in one-to-one cell line comparisons of the CMAP database for drug repositioning. J Transl Med 2017; 15:198. [PMID: 28962576 PMCID: PMC5622488 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Connectivity Map (CMAP) database, an important public data source for drug repositioning, archives gene expression profiles from cancer cell lines treated with and without bioactive small molecules. However, there are only one or two technical replicates for each cell line under one treatment condition. For such small-scale data, current fold-changes-based methods lack statistical control in identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in treated cells. Especially, one-to-one comparison may result in too many drug-irrelevant DEGs due to random experimental factors. To tackle this problem, CMAP adopts a pattern-matching strategy to build "connection" between disease signatures and gene expression changes associated with drug treatments. However, many drug-irrelevant genes may blur the "connection" if all the genes are used instead of pre-selected DEGs induced by drug treatments. METHODS We applied OneComp, a customized version of RankComp, to identify DEGs in such small-scale cell line datasets. For a cell line, a list of gene pairs with stable relative expression orderings (REOs) were identified in a large collection of control cell samples measured in different experiments and they formed the background stable REOs. When applying OneComp to a small-scale cell line dataset, the background stable REOs were customized by filtering out the gene pairs with reversal REOs in the control samples of the analyzed dataset. RESULTS In simulated data, the consistency scores of overlapping genes between DEGs identified by OneComp and SAM were all higher than 99%, while the consistency score of the DEGs solely identified by OneComp was 96.85% according to the observed expression difference method. The usefulness of OneComp was exemplified in drug repositioning by identifying phenformin and metformin related genes using small-scale cell line datasets which helped to support them as a potential anti-tumor drug for non-small-cell lung carcinoma, while the pattern-matching strategy adopted by CMAP missed the two connections. The implementation of OneComp is available at https://github.com/pathint/reoa . CONCLUSIONS OneComp performed well in both the simulated and real data. It is useful in drug repositioning studies by helping to find hidden "connections" between drugs and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Haidan Yan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qingzhou Guan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Weicheng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Rou Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xianlong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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41
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Vykoukal J, Sun N, Aguilar-Bonavides C, Katayama H, Tanaka I, Fahrmann JF, Capello M, Fujimoto J, Aguilar M, Wistuba II, Taguchi A, Ostrin EJ, Hanash SM. Plasma-derived extracellular vesicle proteins as a source of biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95466-95480. [PMID: 29221141 PMCID: PMC5707035 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated as mediators of intercellular communication. Their release into the circulation has the potential to inform about tumor status. In-depth proteomic characterization of plasma-derived EVs has been limited by challenges in isolating EVs from protein-abundant biological fluids. We implemented a novel single-step density gradient flotation workflow for efficient and rapid isolation of highly enriched circulating EVs from plasma. Mass-spectrometry analysis of plasma EVs from subjects with lung adenocarcinoma and matched controls resulted in the identification of 640 proteins. A total of 108 proteins exhibited significant (p<0.05) differential expression in vesicle preparations derived from lung adenocarcinoma case plasmas compared to controls, of which 43 were also identified in EVs from lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Four top performing EV-associated proteins that distinguished adenocarcinoma cases from controls, SRGN, TPM3, THBS1 and HUWE1, yielded a combined area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.90 (95% CI = 0.76-1). Our findings support the potential of EV derived proteins as a source of biomarkers that complement other approaches for tumor assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Vykoukal
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,McCombs Institute for the Early Detection and Treatment of Cancer, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Clemente Aguilar-Bonavides
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ichidai Tanaka
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Johannes F Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Michela Capello
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Mitzi Aguilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ayumu Taguchi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,McCombs Institute for the Early Detection and Treatment of Cancer, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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42
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Structure Identification and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Lathyrol-3-phenylacetate-5,15-diacetate. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091412. [PMID: 28841191 PMCID: PMC6151716 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products from the genus Euphorbia show attention-attracting activities, such as anticancer activity. In this article, classical isolation and structure identification were used in a study on Caper Euphorbia Seed. Subsequently, MTT and wound healing assays, flow cytometry, western blotting, Hoechst 33258 staining and fluorescence microscopy examination were applied to investigate the anticancer activity of the obtained compounds. In a result, lathyrol-3-phenyl- acetate-5,15-diacetate (deoxy Euphorbia factor L1, DEFL1) was isolated from Caper Euphorbia Seed. Moreover, the NMR signals were totally assigned. DEFL1 showed potent inhibition against lung cancer A549 cells, with an IC50 value of 17.51 ± 0.85 μM. Furthermore, DEFL1 suppressed wound healing of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Mechanically, DEFL1 induced apoptosis, with involvement of an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), release of cytochrome c, activity raise of caspase-9 and 3. Characteristic features of apoptosis were observed by fluorescence microscopy. In summary, DEFL1 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells via a mitochondrial pathway.
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43
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Zhu G, Liao X, Han C, Liu X, Yu L, Qin W, Lu S, Su H, Chen Z, Liu Z, Liang Y, Huang J, Yu T, Yang C, Huang K, Shang L, Ye X, Li L, Qin X, Xiao K, Peng M, Peng T. ALDH1L1 variant rs2276724 and mRNA expression predict post-operative clinical outcomes and are associated with TP53 expression in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1451-1463. [PMID: 28714006 PMCID: PMC5549030 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (ALDH1L1) is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors, and its decreased expression is associated with the poor prognosis of HCC patients. We, therefore, evaluated the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ALDH1L1, and its mRNA expression on the survival of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC patients and the association with tumor protein p53 (TP53) expression. ALDH1L1 SNPs in 415 HBV-related HCC patients were genotyped via direct sequencing. Expression profile chip datasets and survival information were obtained from GSE14520. The C allele (CT/CC) carriers of rs2276724 were significantly associated with a favorable prognosis [adjusted P=0.040; adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.725; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.533–0.986]. Joint-effect analyses suggested that the CT/CC genotype of rs2276724 in TP53-negative patients was significantly associated with a decreased risk of death, compared to the TT genotype of rs2276724 in TP53-positive patients (adjusted P=0.037; adjusted HR=0.621; 95% CI=0.396–0.973). Furthermore, low expression of ALDH1L1 predicted a poor prognosis for the HBV-related HCC patients (adjusted P=0.04 for disease-free survival; adjusted P=0.001 for overall survival). Patients with high ALDH1L1 expression and low TP53 expression were significantly associated with a decreased risk of recurrence and death, and patients with a high TP53 expression were also significantly associated with a decreased risk of death in HBV-related HCC, compared with low ALDH1L1 and low TP53 expression. Our results suggest that ALDH1L1 may be a biomarker for predicting postoperative clinical outcomes. Moreover, ALDH1L1-rs2276724 and mRNA expression were associated with TP53 expression in HBV-related HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Sicong Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jianlu Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Liming Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyin Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Minhao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 increases NADH levels and promotes tumor growth via glutathione/dihydrolipoic acid-dependent NAD + reduction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67043-67055. [PMID: 28978015 PMCID: PMC5620155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily that oxidizes aldehydes to their corresponding acids, reactions that are coupled to the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. We report here that ALDH1A1 can also use glutathione (GSH) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) as electron donors to reduce NAD+ to NADH. The GSH/DHLA-dependent NAD+-reduction activity of ALDH1A1 is not affected by the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor or by mutation of the residues in its aldehyde-binding pocket. It is thus a distinct biochemical reaction from the classic aldehyde-dehydrogenase activity catalyzed by ALDH1A1. We also found that the ectopic expression of ALDH1A1 decreased the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio, while knockout of ALDH1A1 increased the NAD+/NADH ratio. Simultaneous knockout of ALDH1A1 and its isozyme ALDH3A1 in lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model. Moreover, the ALDH1A1 mutants that retained their GSH/DHLA-dependent NAD+ reduction activity but lost their aldehyde-dehydrogenase activity were able to decrease the NAD+/NADH ratio and to rescue the impaired growth of ALDH1A1/3A1 double knockout tumor cells. Collectively, these results suggest that this newly characterized GSH/DHLA-dependent NAD+-reduction activity of ALDH1A1 can decrease cellular NAD+/NADH ratio and promote tumor growth.
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45
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Jeon JH, Kim DK, Shin Y, Kim HY, Song B, Lee EY, Kim JK, You HJ, Cheong H, Shin DH, Kim ST, Cheong JH, Kim SY, Jang H. Migration and invasion of drug-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells are dependent on mitochondrial activity. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e277. [PMID: 27932791 PMCID: PMC5192074 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A small proportion of cancer cells have stem-cell-like properties, are resistant to standard therapy and are associated with a poor prognosis. The metabolism of such drug-resistant cells differs from that of nearby non-resistant cells. In this study, the metabolism of drug-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells was investigated. The expression of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial membrane was negatively correlated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Because the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) reflects the functional status of mitochondria and metastasis is the principal cause of death due to cancer, the relationship between MMP and metastasis was evaluated. Cells with a higher MMP exhibited greater migration and invasion than those with a lower MMP. Cells that survived treatment with cisplatin, a standard chemotherapeutic drug for lung adenocarcinoma, exhibited increased MMP and enhanced migration and invasion compared with parental cells. Consistent with these findings, inhibition of mitochondrial activity significantly impeded the migration and invasion of cisplatin-resistant cells. RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that the expression of mitochondrial complex genes was upregulated in cisplatin-resistant cells. These results suggested that drug-resistant cells have a greater MMP and that inhibition of mitochondrial activity could be used to prevent metastasis of drug-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jeon
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Keon Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Youngmi Shin
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Bomin Song
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Kwang Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hye Jin You
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Heesun Cheong
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seong-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youl Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Dual targeting of glutaminase 1 and thymidylate synthase elicits death synergistically in NSCLC. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2511. [PMID: 27929535 PMCID: PMC5261012 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) expression is increased in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). GLS1 knockdown using siRNA or inhibition using bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) induced cell cycle arrest with significant reduction of ATP level while levels of reactive oxygen species or glutathione were not affected in NSCLC cell lines. Recently we found that NSCLC significantly depends on cytosol NADH for ATP production. GLS1 remarkably contributes to ATP production through transferring cytosolic NADH into mitochondria via malate-aspartate shuttle by supply of glutamate in NSCLC. Regulation of malate-aspartate shuttle by knockdown or inhibition of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 or malate dehydrogenase 2 mimicked GLS1 knockdown, which induced cell death with ATP reduction in NSCLC. Therefore, GLS1 inhibition induced cell cycle arrest with ATP depletion by glutamate reduction. Dual inhibition with BPTES and thymidylate synthase inhibitor, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), elicits cell death synergistically through cell cycle arrest in NSCLC. A preclinical xenograft model of NSCLC showed remarkable anti-tumour effect synergistically in the BPTES and 5-FU dual therapy group.
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